英语简单句与复合句

3. 简单句的基本句型
例句：理解各句意思并标记出主语、谓语和宾语 • Lucy sings every day. • Lucy sings the same song every day. • Lucy sang me a song yesterday evening.
(= Lucy sang a song for me yesterday evening.) • I heard Lucy singing yesterday evening. • Lucy is a good singer.
由并列连词
1. He likes eggs, but he
并 （and,so,but, or等） doesn’t like chickens.
列 把两个或两个以上的
句 简单句连在一起而构 2. Work hard or you will fall
成的句子。
behind.
复 由一个主句和一个或 1. I believe you are right.
3. There is a chair in this room. 简单句
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 简单句
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
（不定式）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.
（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English. Tom is a boy who likes music very much. （介词短语）
英语简单句
Tent
1. 句子的成分
主语:表示句子说的是什么人或什么事, 由名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子充当 位于句首。 谓语:说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样 由动词或动词词组充当, 位于主语后。 宾语: 表示动作行为的对象,通常位于及物动词和介词后面。 宾语补足语:补充宾语的成分,通常位于宾语后。由形容词，名词 ，介词短语等充当。 表语:说明主语的性质或特征,位于系动词之后。
•
I
heard
Lucy
singing
yesterday evening.
宾语补足语
主+谓+宾+ 宾补
• Lucy is a good singer. 主+系+表
She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 方式状语 She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 伴随状语 In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
目的状语
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 结果状语 She works very hard though she is old. 让步状语 I am taller than he is. 比较状语
同位语: 对其前面的名词代词做进一步解释. That is Mr. Chen, our English teacher.
插入语: 对一句话作一些附加的解释. To be honest, I don’t quite agree with you.
定语，状语，同位语及插入语可以称为 附属句子成分。
2.句子的分类
分类
说明
由一个主语或并列主 简 语和一个谓语或并列 单 谓语构成的句子。即 句 一套主谓关系。
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例句
1. Tom and I found her there. 2. We all breathe, eat and work.
合 一个以上的从句构成 2. If you study harder, you will
句 的句子
pass the exam.
判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday
afternoon. 简单句
复合句
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
（从句）
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子， 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。 通常由副词，介词短语和从句充当。
状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
以上的成分称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般 至少包含2-4个基本成分。
定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语
定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词）
China is a developing country; （分词） America is a developed country. There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised（. 代词）
练习答案及解析：
• Lucy sings every day.
主+谓
• Lucy sings the same song every day.
主+谓+宾
•
Lucy sang me a song yesterday evening.
双宾语
主+谓+间 宾+直宾
(=Lucy sang a song for me yesterday evening.)