一些物理里面名词的中文对照(大部分是材料领域的)

Abelian group 阿贝尔群，又称Abel群ablation 烧蚀abnormal dispersion 反常色散Abrikosov vortex lattice 阿布里科索夫涡旋线格子Abrikocov vortex state 阿布里科索夫涡旋态absorber 吸收体absorption spectroscopy 吸收光谱abundance 丰度acceptor doping 受主掺杂acceptor impurity 受主杂质accumulation layer 累积层achromatic phase matching 消色差相位匹配achromatic wave plate 消色差波片achromatism 消色差[性]ac Josephson effect 交流约瑟夫森效应，又称交流Josephson效应acoustic compliance 声顺acoustic ohm 声欧[姆]acoustic stiffness 声劲[度]acoustic-optic tensor 声光系数张量acousto-optic effect 声光效应acousto-optic Q-switch 声光Q－开关acousto-optic signal processor 声光信号处理器acousto-optical tunable filter 声光可调滤波器actinide element 锕系元素activated tunneling 激活隧穿active device 有源器件active region 激活区addressing electrode 寻址电极adiabatic theorem，绝热定理adiabatic transformation 绝热变换adiabatic transport，绝热输运adiabaton 浸渐子，绝热子advection 平流aerodynamic sound 空气动力声aersol 气溶胶affinity potential 亲和势aggregate 聚集体aggregation 聚集Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect AB效应，又称Aharonov-Bohm (AB) 效应Aharonov-Bohm (AB) flux AB磁通，又称Aharonov-Bohm (AB)磁通allowed state 容许态alpha decay ( -decay) 衰变alpha particle ( -particle) 粒子Altshular-Aronov-Spivak (AAS) effect AAS效应，又称Altshular-Aronov-Spivak效应amplification without inversion 无反转放大amplitude limiting 限幅amplitude transformer 变幅杆Andreev reflection 安德列也夫反射，又称Andreev反射Andreev mirror 安德列也夫镜[子]，又称Andreev镜[子] Andreev scattering 安德列也夫散射，又称Andreev散射angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy 角分辨光电子谱[学] anisotropic confinement 各向异性限域anisotropic scatterer, 各向异性散射体anisotropy energy 各向异性能anomalon 反常子anomalous power laws 反常幂[次]率anomalous proximity effect，反常临近效应anomaly 反常antidot 同quantum antidot 反量子点antidodal point 腹点antigravity 反引力antihyperon 反超子anti-localization, 反局域化antimeson 反介子anti-exclusive principle 反不相容原理antiferromagnetic interaction 反铁磁相互作用antiferromagnetic semiconductor 反铁磁半导体anti-Stokes scattering 反斯托克斯散射anti-time ordered function, 反时序函数anyon 任意子aphelion 近日点, 远核点areal density 面密度armchair nanotube 扶手椅型纳米管arrayed waveguide gratings 阵列波导光栅artificial atom，人[工]构[造]原子artificial barrier 人工势垒artificial elment 人造元素atom laser 原子凝射器atom optics 原子光学atom trapping 原子陷俘，原子捕获atom waveguide 原子波导atomic clock原子钟atomic diffraction 原子衍射atomic fountain 原子喷泉atomic form factor 原子形状因子atomic time 原子时attenuation 衰减attosecond X-ray pulse 阿秒X射线脉冲Auger process 俄歇过程，又称Auger过程avalanche counter 雪崩计数器avalanche effect 雪崩效应avalanche photodiodes,apd 雪崩光电二极管azimuth 方位角back-action evasion 非干扰[测量]background radiation 本底辐射，背景辐射background temperature 本底温度, 背景温度balanced homodyne detection平衡零拍探测ballistic aggregate 弹道聚集体ballistic aggregation 弹道聚集ballistic electron injection 弹道电子注入ballistic transport弹道输运ballistics 弹道学band bending 带弯曲band index 带指标band of rotation-vibration 振转[谱]带band offset 带阶band repulsion 带排斥band theory 能带论bar 巴（压强单位），杆Barkhausen noise 巴克豪森噪声，又称Barkhausen噪声barn 巴恩(截面单位，10－24厘米2)barrier 势垒barrier curvature 势垒曲率barrier height 势垒高度barrier state 势垒态barrier tunneling 势垒隧穿base-centered orthorhombic lattice 底心正交格[子] base line 基线base material 基质base metal 碱金属basis vector 基矢beam 束，梁beam dump 束流捕集器beam focusing 束流聚焦behaviour 行为，性能Bell inequality贝尔不等式，又称Bell不等式bend resistance，弯曲电阻bent crystal 弯晶Berry phase 贝里相位，又称Berry相位βdecay β衰变βradioactivity β放射性βray β射线βspectum β谱βstability line β稳定线bevatron 吉伏质子加速器（高能质子同步稳相加速器）bicritical point 双临界点bicrystal junction 双晶结big bang model 大爆炸模型binary diffractive optical element 二元衍射光学元件bioastrophysics 天体生物物理学biochip 生物芯片bipolar junction transistor 双极[结]晶体管bit rate 比特率blackness 黑度blaze line 闪耀角bleaching effect 漂白效应blob 团迹，链滴Bloch electron 布洛赫电子，又称Bloch电子Bloch frequency，布洛赫频率，又称Bloch频率Bloch oscillation，布洛赫振荡，又称Bloch振荡Bloch theorem 布洛赫定理，又称Bloch定理blockade 阻塞Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk [BTK] model BTK模型body-centered cubic lattice 体心立方格[子]body-centered orthorhombic lattice 体心正交格[子]Bogoliubov [-de Gennes] equations 博戈留波夫[－得简斯]方程，又称Bogoliubov [-de Gennes]方程Boltzmann distribution 玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann transport equation，玻尔兹曼输运方程bond-angle order 键角有序bond-orientational order 键取向有序bond polarizability 键极化性bond valence 键价boojum 布经(超流氦3中的取向织构)bosonization of field operators 场算符的波色化Bragg peak 布拉格峰，又称Bragg峰Bragg plane 布拉格平面，又称Bragg平面Bragg reflection 布拉格反射，又称Bragg 反射Bragg reflectors 布拉格反射器，又称Bragg 反射器Bragg waveguide 布拉格波导，又称Bragg 波导break junction 断裂结breathing mode呼吸模breeder 增殖反应堆breakup reaction 崩裂反应bright state 亮态brittleness 脆性buffer amplifier 缓冲放大器buffer gas 缓冲气体buffer layer, 缓冲层burn-up 燃耗Büttiker formula, 比特克公式，又称Büttiker公式buzzer 蜂鸣器C-15 structure C-15结构C[a]esium clock 铯钟calorie 卡【洛里】candle 烛光candescence 白热，又称白炽canonical commutation relation 正则对易关系canonical variable 正则变量cantact angle 接触角canted spin order倾斜自旋有序cantilever 悬臂（原子力显微镜中的）canthotaxie眼角[式]排列（另文说明）carbon cycle 碳循环(恒星内部的)carbon nanotube 碳纳米管carrier 载流子carrier concentration 载流子浓度carrier diffuse 载流子扩散carrier reservoir 载流子库Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标Cauchu-Schwarz inequality Cauchu-Schwarz不等式cavity dark state 腔暗态cavity dumping 腔倒空cavity quantum electrodynamics 腔量子电动力学cavity resonator [谐振]腔共振器14C dating 碳14测年celestial X-ray source 宇宙X 射线源center of inversion 反演中心center of moment 矩心central collision中心碰撞center-of-mass energy 质心系能量centrifuge 离心机centrifugal separation 离心分离ceramic 陶瓷chain folding 链折叠chain statistics 链统计学chalcogenide 硫属化物channel waveguide 沟道波导chaos synchronization 混沌同步chaotic communication 混沌通讯chaotic noise 混沌噪声characteristic impedance 特性阻抗characteristic curve 特征曲线charge-separated plasma 电荷分离等离子体(正负电荷在空间不同区域的等离子体) charge imbalance 电荷不平衡charge ordering 电荷有序charge parity effect，电荷宇称效应charge qubit 电荷量子比特（超导量子比特的一种）charge-phase qubit 电荷-相位量子比特（超导量子比特的一种）charge reservoir 电荷库charge stiffness 电荷劲度（衡量外场作用下电荷被自由加速的难易程度）charge-spin coupling电荷自旋耦合（用于自旋电子学）charge stripe phase 电荷条纹相charge-to-mass ratio 荷质比charge transfer insulator 电荷转移绝缘体charge transfer salt 电荷转移盐charge velocity 电荷速度（见于电荷－自旋分离现象）charging energy，充电能chemical shift 化学位移chiral liquid crystal 手征液晶chiral molecule手征分子，又称手性分子chiral symmetry broken 手征对称[性]破缺chirp啁啾chirped Gaussian pulse 啁啾高斯脉冲chirp filter 啁啾滤波器，又称线性调频滤波器，或色散延迟线chopper 斩波器circumlunar orbit 环月轨道circumsolar orbit 环日轨道circumterrestrial orbit 环地轨道cis-lunar space 月地空间clad 覆盖clamping 箝位classical fluid 经典液体clean limit [干]净极限cleaved coupling cavity 解理耦合腔cloning fidelity克隆保真度closed shell 满壳层，又称闭壳层，英文又称closure shellcluster state簇态CNO cycle 碳氮氧循环coalescence 聚合, 并合code 1，[代]码；2，密码；3，符号coding 编码codirectional coupling 同向耦合coefficient of correlation 关联系数coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数coexistence line 共存线(相图中的)coexisting phase 共存相coherence factor 相干因子coherence length，相干长度coherent atomic recoil 相干原子反冲coherent electron tunneling 相干电子隧道coherent peak 相干峰coherent photoassociation 相干光缔合coherent population oscillation相干布居振荡coherent population trapping相干布居囚禁coherent population transfer相干布居迁移coherent structure 拟序结构coherent terahertz waves相干太赫波coherent transient effects 相干暂态效应coherent trap 相干捕获cold finger 冷头cold fusion 冷聚变collective coordinate 集体坐标collective mode 集体模collective motion 集体运动collective pinning model 集体钉扎模型collinear phase matching 共线相位匹配colloid 胶体，胶质colloidal metal 胶体金属colored noise 色噪声colossal magnetoresistance [CMR] 庞磁电阻commensurate lattice 公度格子compact star 致密星compensated impurity 补偿杂质complementary metal oxide semiconductor [CMOS] 互补金属氧化物半导体complex 1，复合体；2，络合物complex analytical signal theory 复解析信号理论complex-conjugate pulses 复共轭脉冲compliance 1，柔度；2，顺度composite Fermion 复合费米子compression of ultrashort pulses 超短脉冲压缩compressor 压缩器，压机concurrence并发纠缠,又称量子并发condensate 凝聚体condensation energy 凝聚能condenser 冷凝器conductance fluctuation, 电导涨落conductance quantization 电导量子化conduction electron 传导电子confinement 1，约束（等离子）；2，限域（凝聚态）；3，禁闭（高能）congregating effect 聚集效应conjugate variable 共轭变量conservation of angular momentum 角动量守恒conservation of crystal momentum 晶体动量守恒conservative dislocation motion 保守位错运动(位错沿滑移面平行于Burgers矢量运动无净质量流)conservation of energy 能量守恒conservation law of flux 磁通守恒律conservation of momentum 动量守恒conservation of particle number粒子数守恒contact angle 接触角contact potential 接触势contact resistance 接触电阻continuation 延拓continuous group 连续群contour line 等值线contour map 等值线图contradirectional coupling反向耦合conventional unit cell 惯用单胞，简称单胞convergence factor 收敛因子conversion electron 内转换电子coolant moderator 载热减速剂cooperative diffusion 合作扩散Cooperon, 库珀子Cooper pair box 库珀对盒子coplanar waveguide 共面波导copolymer 共聚物core energy 芯能core nucleus 核芯[核]correlated spontaneous emission 关联自发发射correlation exponent 关联指数cosmic aerodynamics 宇宙气体动力学cosmic age 宇宙年龄cosmic constant 宇宙常量cosmic [microwave] background radiation [CMBR] 宇宙[微波]背景辐射cosmic microwave background 宇宙微波背景cosmic string 宇宙弦cosmochemistry 宇宙化学，天体化学cosmological nucleosynthesis 宇宙核合成cosmos 宇宙co-tunneling 共隧穿Couette flow 库埃特流Coulomb blockade 库仑阻塞Coulomb gap 库仑隙Coulomb interaction 库仑[相互]作用Coulomb island 库仑岛，又称单电子岛（single electron island）Coulomb potential 库仑势Coulomb repulsion 库仑斥力Coulomb staircase 库仑台阶counter telescope 计数器望远镜coupled-channels model 耦合道模型coupled mode theory 耦合模理论coupled waveguides，耦合波导coupled wells耦合阱coupling energy 耦合能coupling strength 耦合强度covalent bond 共价键creep wave蠕波，又称爬波critical assembly [核反应堆]临界装置critical density 临界密度critical dimension 临界维度cross-phase-modulation 交叉相位调制cross field 交叉场cross junction, 十字结crosstalk attenuation 串扰衰减crystal-field splitting 晶［体］场劈裂crystalline anisotropy晶态各向异性crystal symmetry class 晶体对称类cubic lattice 立方格子cuprate 铜氧化物curie 居里(非国际制放射性活度单位)current bias 电流偏置current operator 电流算符cutoff energy，截止能量cyclone 气旋cyclotron effective mass 回旋有效质量D/A converter 等于digital to analog converter 数模转换器damping radiation 阻尼辐射dark current 暗电流dark energy 暗能量dark state 暗态dark-state polariton 暗态光极化子date line 日界线dc Josephson effect 直流约瑟夫森效应，直流Josephson效应dc SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) 直流超导量子干涉器Debye wave vector 德拜波矢decay heat 衰变热decay time，衰减时间deceleration 减速度decibel 分贝decoherence 退相干，又称消相干decoherence-free 无退相干，又称无消相干decontamination factor 去污因子decoupling epoch 退耦期decoy state 诱骗态deformation potential，形变势degeneracy collapse 简并塌缩degenerate pressure 简并压degenerate star 简并星de Gennes-Taupin length de Gennes-Taupin长度degree of order 有序度de Haas-Shubnikov effect de Haas-Shubnikov效应delay time，延迟时间demultiplexer 解复用器dendrite 1,枝晶；2，枝蔓；3，枝蔓体dense coding 密集编码dense wavelength division multiplexing 密集波分复用density correlation function，密度关联函数density distribution 密度分布density wave 密度波depairing 拆对dephasing length，退相位长度depinning 脱钉[扎]depleted Uranium 贫化铀deplation force 排空力（胶体物理用语）depletion layer 耗尽层descreening 去屏蔽deterministic equation 确定(论)的方程deuterium 氘, 即重氢deuterium oxide 重水dextrorotation 右旋diabatic approach 非绝热近似diagnostics 诊断学diagonal element 对角元diagonal matrix 对角矩阵diagonalization 对角化diamond structure 金刚石结构diblock copolymer 双嵌段共聚物dielectric response function 介电响应函数dielectric function，介电函数dielectric microcavity 介电[质]微腔dielectric reflector 介[电]质反射器differential conductance 微分电导differential input 差分输入differential rotation 较差自转（天文学用语）differential scanning calorimetry 差分扫描量热术diffraction-free beam 消衍射光束diffractive binary optics 衍射二元光学diffuseness [parameter] 弥散参数diffusion constant，扩散常数diffusion current 扩散电流diffusion region 扩散区diffusive transport，扩散输运digit 数字digital circuit 数字电路digital cross connect 数字交叉连接digit[al] to analog converter (DAC) 数模转换器digital micromirror device 数字微镜器件dilation 膨胀dilute phase 稀相dilation symmetry 伸缩对称dimensionless conductance 无量纲电导dimer 二聚体dimerization 二聚化dipole interaction 偶极相互作用dipole giant resonance 偶极巨共振Dirac braket 狄拉克括号Dirac picture 狄拉克绘景, 即相互作用绘景directed diffusion 定向扩散directional bond 定向键directional coupler 定向耦合器directional ordering 取向有序directional quantization 方向量子化direction of magnetization 磁化方向direct lattice 正格子，又称正点阵direct transition 直接跃迁dirty limit 脏极限dirty-metal regime，脏金属区discontinuity 1，不连续[性]；2，突变[性] dislocation network 位错网络disordered alloy 无序合金disordered system 无序系统dispersion compensation 色散补偿dispersion-managed solitons 调控色散孤子dissipationless flow 无耗散流dissociation energy 离解能distillable entanglement 可萃取纠缠distinguishable states可区分态distributed Bragg reflector 分布布拉格反射器domain 1，畴；2，[定义]域；3，区域donor level 施主能级dopant 掺杂物doping 掺杂dosimetry 剂量学double-barrier tunneling，双势垒隧穿double exchange interaction 双交换相互作用double heterostructure DH 双异质结doublet state 双重态dressed atom 着衣原子，又称缀饰原子droplet model 小液滴模型Drude model，德鲁德模型duty ratio 占空比d-wave pairing d波配对dyad 并矢dynamical mass 动力学质量(08.02dynamic random access memory [DRAM] 动态随机存储器dynamic screening，动态屏蔽dynamically induced coherence 动态诱导相干dynamo theory 发动机理论dyne 达因early universe 早期宇宙eccentricity 偏心率eclipse 1，食；2，交食edge channel，边缘通道edge dislocation 刃[型]位错edge state，边缘态effective field theory 有效场理论effective Hamiltonian 有效哈密顿量effective mass approximation，有效质量近似Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen thought experiment EPR思想实验Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen effect EPR效应Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair EPR对Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox EPR佯谬elastic compliance 弹性顺度elastic deformation 弹性形变electrical isolation 电绝缘electric breakdown 电击穿electric capacity 电容electric resistance 电阻electrical quadrupole moment 电四极矩electrochemical potential 电化学势electromagnetic absorption 电磁吸收electromagnetically induced absorption 电磁感生吸收electromagnetically induced transparency 电磁感生透明electromagnetic-environment effect，电磁环境效应electron backscattering pattern 电子背散射图样electron-beam lithography 电子束刻蚀electron configuration 电子组态electron density 电子密度electron-doped high temperature superconductor 电子掺杂的高温超导体electronegativity 电负性electron-electron interaction，电子－电子相互作用electron-hole pair 电子空穴对electron-hole recombination 电子-空穴复合electron hologram 电子全息术electron transition 电子跃迁electron pair 电子对electron pair tunneling 电子对隧穿electron-phonon coupling 电子声子耦合electron temperature，电子温度electron tunneling 电子隧穿electron waveguide，电子波导electron volt (eV) 电子伏electrorheological effect 电流变效应electrorheological fluid 电流变液Eliashberg equations Eliashberg方程Eliashberg theory of strong coupling Eliashberg强耦合理论elliptical orbit 椭圆轨道elliptic flow 椭圆流emittance 发射度empirical pseudopotential method 经验赝势方法empty lattice approximation 空晶格近似endohedral fullerene 内嵌原子富勒烯end-butt coupling 端面对接耦合energy relaxation length，能量弛豫长度energy transport velocity 能量传输速度ensemble average，系综平均entangled state 纠缠态entanglement 1，纠缠；2，纠缠度entanglement concentration 纠缠浓缩entanglement measure 纠缠度量entanglement monotone 单调纠缠量entanglement of formation 生成纠缠entanglement purification 纠缠纯化entanglement witness 纠缠见证entropy force 熵力envelope function，包络函数epithermal neutron 超热中子epoxy 环氧树脂erbium-doped fiber amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器error correction 纠错Esaki diode 江崎二极管evanescent state，衰逝态even-odd nucleus 偶奇核even parity 偶宇称evolution of inflation 暴涨演化Ewald construction Ewald作图法Ewald sphere Ewald球excess current 过剩电流excess neutron 过剩中子exchange-correlation hole 交换关联空穴exchange-correlation functional 交换关联泛函exchange hole 交换空穴exchange integral 交换积分excitation spectrum 激发谱excluded volume 排除体积exclusion of flux 磁通排斥exclusion principle 不相容原理exotic nucleus 奇特核expanding universe 膨胀宇宙extended [Brillouin] zone scheme 扩展[布里渊]区图式extraterrestrial life 地外生命extravehicular activity(EV A) [太空]舱外活动f-sum rule f求和规则face-centered orthorhombic lattice 面心正交格[子] face-on 正向facsimile 传真，英文简写为faxfacula 光斑Fahrenheit thermometer 华氏温度计faint object 暗天体fan diagram 扇形图F-center F中心Feno lineshape Feno线型Feno resonance Feno共振fan spin order 扇状自旋有序farad (F) 法拉（电容单位）Faraday depolarization 法拉第退偏振Faraday law of electrolysis 法拉第电解定律far-from-equilibrium system，远离平衡态系统far-side 背面（far-side of the moon, 月球背面）far-ultraviolet (FUV) 远紫外fast fission 快裂变fatigue crack 疲劳裂纹fatigue fracture 疲劳断裂fatigue strength 疲劳强度feed [source] 馈源feeder 馈线femto (f) 飞（＝10-15）(01)femtosecond pulse shaping 飞秒脉冲成形Fermi age 费米[中子]年龄Fermi age-diffusion equation 费米年龄扩散方程Fermi arc 费米弧Fermi coupling constant 费米耦合常数Fermi energy 费米能量Fermi gas 费米气体Fermi golden rule 费米黄金定则Fermi liquid 费米液体Fermi liquid parameter 费米液体参数Fermi loop 费米环Fermi point 费米点Fermi transition费米跃迁Fermi vacuum 费米真空Fermi velocity 费米速度Fermi wavelength 费米波长Fermi wave vector，费米波矢Fermi’s golden rule费米黄金规则ferrielectric crystal 亚铁电晶体ferrimagnet 亚铁磁体ferroelectric 铁电体ferroelectric crystal 铁电晶体ferromagnet 铁磁体few-cycle pulse少周[期]脉冲few nucleon transfer 少[数]核子转移Feynman path，费曼路径Feynman path integral，费曼路径积分fiber cross connect 光纤交叉连接fiber grating 光纤光栅Fibonacci sequence 斐波那契序列fiducial confidence bar 置信棒fiducial point 基准点field intensity 场强field quantization 场量子化field quantum 场量子field strength 场强figure of merit，又称qualityfactor 品质因数filament 1，丝；2，丝极finite-amplitude wave 有限振幅波，又称大振幅波finite-difference method 有限差分方法finite element method 有限元法finite size effect 有限尺寸效应finite-size scaling 有限尺寸标度first approximation 一级近似first Brillouin zone 第一布里渊区first point of Aries 春分点，英文又称：vernal equinoxfirst point of Cancer 夏至点，英文又称：summer solsticefirst point of Capricornus 冬至点，英文又称：winter solsticefirst point of Libra 秋分点，英文又称：autumnal equinoxFiske steps 费斯克台阶，又称自感应台阶fissility 易裂变性fission 1，裂变；2，分裂fission isomer 裂变同质异能素fission nuclide 裂变核素fission reactor 裂变反应堆fission-spectrum neutron 裂变谱中子fission track dating 裂变径迹年代测定fitting curve 拟合曲线five-fold symmetry 5重对称fixed-range hopping 定程跳跃flash memory 闪速存储器，简称闪存flat spectrum 平谱flattening factor 扁率floating probe 浮置电极，又称浮置探针floating phase 浮置相Floquest theorem 弗洛开定理flow resistance 流阻fluctuating wall 涨落壁fluctuation 涨落（统计物理〕，又称起伏（声学〕fluence 注量fluorescence probe 荧光探剂flux，通量flux 1通量，又称流量；2，注量率；3，焊料；4 助熔剂flux bundle 磁通束flux flow amplifier (FFA) 磁通流放大器flux flow oscillator (FFO) 磁通流振荡器flux flow transistor（FFT）磁通流三极管,又称涡旋流三极管(vortex flow transistor) flux-line lattice 磁通线格子flux line 磁通线flux tube 磁流管flux quantum 磁通量子flux quantization 磁通量子化foam 泡沫focal point 焦点focal ratio 焦比focus 1，焦点；2，震源folding Brillouin zone 折叠布里渊区forbidden beta decay 禁戒b衰变forecast 预报forward bias 正向偏压four-Josephson junction logic (4JL) 四约瑟夫森结逻辑门Fourier analysis 傅里叶分析Fourier transform 傅里叶变换Fourier [transform] nuclear magnetic resonance 傅里叶[变换]核磁共振Fourier [transform] Raman spectroscopy 傅立叶[变换]拉曼谱学four probe method 四探针法four-terminal resistance，4端电阻fractional chain yield 相对链产额fractional cumulative yield 分积累产额fractional distillation 分馏fractional independent yield 分独立产额fractional statistics 分数统计法fragment 1，碎片；2，片段Franck-Condon principle弗兰克-康登原理free electron approximation 自由电子近似free electron gas 自由电子气体free energy 自由能free –free transition 自由－自由跃迁，又称自由态间跃迁freely falling body 自由落体free radical 自由基free spectral range 自由光谱范围freezing point 凝固点Frenkel exciton 弗仑克尔激子frequency conversion 频率转换Frequency division multiplexing 频分复用frequency jitter 频率抖动frequency multiplication 倍频friction 摩擦Friedel oscillation，Friedel振荡Friedel sum rule Friedel求和规则Frohlich interaction Frohlich相互作用front velocity波前速度frustrated magnet 窘组磁体fuel cell 燃料电池Fulde-Ferrell state Fulde-Ferrell态fullerene 富勒烯full moon 满月function 函数functional (1)泛函(2)功能（的）fundamental interaction 基本相互作用fundamental space-filling mode 基本空间填充模fuse (1)熔解(2)保险丝fused silica熔融石英fusion reactor 聚变[核反应]堆fuzzy information 模糊信息fussy mathematics 模糊数学gain-clamping 增益箝位gain efficiency 增益效率Galton plate 伽尔顿板-陈gamma(γ)伽马（地磁场强单位γ＝nT）gamma rayγ射线gap 1，隙；2，能隙gap anisotropy 能隙各向异性gap parameter 能隙参数gaseous state 气态gate1，门；2，栅（极）gate voltage 门电压gauge symmetry 规范对称性gauss (G) 高斯（磁感应强度单位G＝10－4T）Gaussian fluctuation 高斯涨落Gauss law 高斯定理Gauss surface 高斯面generalized Balmer formula 广义巴尔末公式generalized work 广义功general refractive index 广义折射率（量子信息）geomagnetic declination 地磁偏角geomagnetic inclination 地磁倾角geometrical structure factor 几何结构因子geometrization of gravitation 引力几何化German silver 德银g-factor g因子g-factor of electrons 电子的g因子g shift g移位ghost imaging 鬼成像giant magnetoresistance (GMR) 巨磁电阻Giaever tunneling 盖沃尔隧穿（单电（粒）子隧穿）Gibbs ensemble 吉布斯系综gilbert 吉尔（磁通势单位）Ginzburg-Landau coherence length 金兹堡-朗道(GL)相干长度Ginzburg-Landau equation 金兹堡-朗道(GL)方程Ginzburg-Landau-Abrikosov Go’rkov theory（GLAG）金兹堡-朗道-阿布里科索夫－高里科夫理论Glan-Thompson prism 格兰－汤普森棱镜Glan-Taylor prism 格兰-泰勒棱镜glass phase 玻璃相glassy ceramics 微晶玻璃glassy metal 玻璃态金属Glauber state Glauber态glide axis 滑移轴glide line 滑移线global phase 整体相位（量子信息）goniometer 测角器graded bandgap layer 缓变带隙层Gorter-Casimir two-fluid model 高特－卡西米尔二流体模型Graded index lens (GRIN) 梯度折射率透镜gradient of electric potential 电势梯度gram-molecule 克分子，摩尔（mole）grand free energy 巨自由能granular matter 颗粒物质granular superconductor 颗粒超导体granule 颗粒granularity 颗粒性granular metal 颗粒金属graphite 石墨graphite structure 石墨结构graph [线]图graph state 图态（量子信息）gravitational deflection of light 光线的引力偏折gravity acceleration 重力加速度Gray code 格雷码grazing angle 1，掠射角；2，擦边角greenhouse effect 温室效应group index of refraction 群折射率group theory 群论group velocity dispersion 群速度色散growth 生长growth model 生长模型guest host liquid crystal 宾主型液晶guided wave optics 导波光学gyroscopic effect 回转效应half metal 半金属half metallic magnet 半金属磁体half wave filter 半波滤波器half wave oscillator 半波振子half- wave zone method 半波带法half-wave voltage 半波电压Hall angle 霍尔角Hall coefficient 霍尔系数Hall field 霍尔电场[强度]Hall plateau 霍尔平台Hall resistance 霍尔电阻Hall voltage 霍尔电压halo nucleus 晕核halogen 卤素Hamiltonian matrix哈密顿［量］矩阵hard sphere 硬球hard sphere approximation 硬球近似harmonic generation 谐波产生Hartree-Fock electron 哈特里-福克电子H-center H心health physics 保健物理heat conductivity 1,导热性;2,热导率heat flow vector 热流矢量heat flux 热通量heat switch 热开关heavy electron 重电子heavy element 重元素heavy fermion superconductor 重费米子超导体heavy [fission] fragment 重【裂变】碎片heavy hole 重空穴heavy wall 重壁heavy water 重水hedgehog 猬缺陷height of potential barrier 势垒高度Heisenberg Hamiltonian 海森伯哈密顿量Heisenberg operators 海森伯算符Heisenberg uncertainty principle 海森伯不确定【性】原理Heitler-London theory 海特勒－伦敦理论Helfrich spontaneous curvature model 黑弗里希自发曲率模型helical spin order螺旋自旋有序helium liquefier 氦液化器heptahgedron 七面体Hermite polynomial 厄米多项式Hermitian matrix 厄米矩阵hertz (Hz) 赫兹, 频率单位heterotic superstring theory 杂化超弦理论Heusler alloy 霍伊斯勒合金hexadecapole 十六极hexahedron 六面体hexatic phase 六角相high coherence model 高相干模型high electron mobility transistor 高电子迁移率晶体管（简写：HEMT）high energy particle 高能粒子high-field domain 强场畴high-order dispersion 高阶色散high-order harmonic generation 高阶谐波产生high pass filter 高通滤波器high temperature reservoir 高温热源high temperature superconductor（HTS）高温超导体high vacuum 高真空high voltage electron microscopy 高压电子显微术Hohenberg-Kohn energy functional 霍恩伯格-科恩能量泛函hole-electron recombination 空穴－电子复合hole surface 空穴面(k空间中未占据态区的表面)hole-type high temperature superconductor 空穴型高温超导体holey fiber 多孔光纤hollow core optical fibers 空心光纤holon 空穴子homodyne零拍homodyne detection 零拍探测homolog[ue] 同系物homopolymer 单聚合物honeycomb photonic band gap fiber 蜂窝型光子带隙光纤hopping conductance 跳跃电导hopping energy，跳跃能hopping probability 跳跃概率hopping transport 跳跃输运host 基质host crystal 基质晶体，又称主晶hot carrier 热载流子h/e oscillation h/e振荡h/2e oscillation h/2e振荡Huang equations 黄[昆]方程组Huang-Rhys factor 黄昆－里斯因子Hubbard Hamiltonian 哈勃德哈密顿量Hubbard model 哈勃德模型Hubble time 哈勃时间hybrid bond 杂化键hybrid field effect 混合场效应hydrodynamics 流体［动］力学hydrodynamic mode 流体［动］力学模hydromagnetic disturbance 磁流体扰动hydromagnetic instability 磁流体不稳定性hydrophilic force 亲水力hydrophobic association 疏水缔合hydrophobic force 疏水力hyperbolic point 双曲点hypernucleus 超核hyper-Rayleigh scattering 超瑞利散射hyperspherical coordinate 超球座标hysteresis loop 1，滞后回线；2，磁滞回线hysteresis loss 1，滞后损失；2，磁滞损耗。