2020届高三英语专项训练——阅读理解D篇(全国一卷)(个人整理)(1)

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专题05 阅读理解D篇(2024年新课标I卷) (专家评价+三年真题+满分策略+多维变式) 原卷版

《2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升》专题05阅读理解D篇（新课标I卷）原卷版(专家评价+全文翻译+三年真题+词汇变式+满分策略+话题变式)目录一、原题呈现P2二、答案解析P3三、专家评价P3四、全文翻译P3五、词汇变式P4(一)考纲词汇词形转换P4(二)考纲词汇识词知意P4(三)高频短语积少成多P5(四)阅读理解单句填空变式P5(五)长难句分析P6六、三年真题P7(一)2023年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P7(二)2022年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P8(三)2021年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P9七、满分策略（阅读理解说明文）P10八、阅读理解变式P12 变式一：生物多样性研究、发现、进展6篇P12变式二：阅读理解D篇35题变式（科普研究建议类）6篇P20一原题呈现阅读理解D篇关键词: 说明文;人与社会;社会科学研究方法研究;生物多样性; 科学探究精神;科学素养In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observation s of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not w ell-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?A. They are becoming outdated.B. They are mostly in electronic form.C. They are limited in number.D. They are used for public exhibition.33. What does Daru’s study focus on?A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.C. Observational data.D. Mobile applications.34. What has led to the biases according to the study?A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.C. Improper way of sampling.D. Unreliable data collection devices.35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?A. Review data from certain areas.B. Hire experts to check the records.C. Confirm the identity of the users.D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.二答案解析三专家评价考查关键能力，促进思维品质发展2024年高考英语全国卷继续加强内容和形式创新，优化试题设问角度和方式，增强试题的开放性和灵活性，引导学生进行独立思考和判断，培养逻辑思维能力、批判思维能力和创新思维能力。

2020年高考全国卷Ⅰ英语高考试题深度解析(全翻译含答案)

2020年高考全国卷Ⅰ英语高考试题深度解析（全翻译含答案）【试题评价】总体来说今年的试题可以用八个字来叙述：“稳中有变、难度略降”。

更加注重基础性、综合性、时代性和应用性。

具体来说，今年英语学科的高考命题有以下特点：一、选材上，紧紧围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题。

二、难度上，和去年相比有一定的下降。

三、知识考查上，强调基础性、综合性、灵活性和应用性。

阅读部分的难易顺序有所变化：四篇文章分别为：易、难、中、难。

涉及到人们日常生活的方方面面。

七选五更是强调：提升自我认识。

完型填空：对孩子的培养，从小就应正确引导。

语法填空：通过对嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆的描述，展示了中国作为世界上第一个让探测器在月球背面着陆的国家的民族自豪感！短文改错：讲述作者第一次做西红柿炒鸡蛋的经历以此让青少年从小就树立劳动观念、践行劳动精神。

特别值得一提的是今年的书面表达摆脱了一成不变的书信格式，改变为：人物介绍充分体现了英语教学改革“百花齐放”的新气象。

解析简介：每题都分为五部分：1.【原题呈现】 2.【语篇类型】3.【文章大意】4.【答案与解析】5.【参考译文】【听力原题呈现】第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。

1. Where are the speakers?A. At a swimming pool.B. In a clothing shop.C. At a school lab.2. What will Tom do next?A. Turn down the music.B. Postpone the show.C. Stop practicing.3. What is the woman busy doing?A. Working on a paper.B. Tidying up the office.C. Organizing a party.4. When will Henry start his vacation?A. This weekend.B. Next week.C.At the end of August.5. What does Donna offer to do for Bill?A. Book a flight for him.B. Drive him to the airport.C. Help him park the car.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

2020新高考1卷英语阅读d篇

2020新高考1卷英语阅读d篇全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：2020年的高考英语试卷一直备受关注，其中的阅读理解部分更是考查了考生的阅读理解能力和语言运用能力。

本文将针对2020年新高考1卷英语阅读部分的D篇进行详细解读。

D篇的主题是关于一位名为卡门的女性的生活故事。

文章描述了卡门的童年成长经历，她在成长过程中面对的挑战和困难，并展现了她坚强的性格和乐观的态度。

文章通过卡门的故事告诉读者，即使面临困境，也要保持乐观积极的心态，努力克服困难，追求自己的梦想。

文章开头描述了卡门的家庭背景，她来自一个单亲家庭，母亲在她很小的时候就离开了家。

卡门的父亲是一名务农的农民，他尽力照顾卡门和她的妹妹，但生活并不容易。

尽管家境贫困，但卡门从小就展现出了坚强的意志和乐观的心态，她努力学习，希望通过自己的努力改变命运。

随着故事的发展，卡门在学校表现优秀，她努力学习，取得了优异的成绩。

但是在一次突如其来的车祸中，卡门的生活发生了巨大的变化，她失去了双腿。

这对于一个年轻的少女来说无疑是一次沉重的打击，但卡门并没有向命运低头，她用乐观的态度和坚强的意志克服了困难，重新振作起来，继续坚持学业。

文章最后描述了卡门的毕业典礼上的一幕，当她用轮椅上台领取毕业证书时，全场响起了热烈的掌声。

这一幕感动了所有人，卡门展现出的坚强和乐观的态度让人深受鼓舞。

她告诉所有人，不管遇到什么困难，只要坚持努力，就一定能战胜困难，追求自己的梦想。

D篇的故事内容感人至深，展现了卡门这个角色的坚强和乐观。

通过阅读这篇文章，我们深刻体会到，无论面对什么困难和挑战，只要拥有坚强的意志和乐观的态度，就一定能战胜困难，实现自己的梦想。

希望2020年的高考考生能从这篇文章中汲取力量，坚定信心，勇敢面对挑战，取得优异的成绩。

【这是一篇关于2020新高考1卷英语阅读d篇的文章，希望对考生有所帮助。

】第二篇示例：2020年是新高考改革实施的第三年，首次实施了全国统一的高考英语试卷。

全国Ⅰ卷地区2020届高三英语试卷精选汇编：阅读理解

阅读理解河北衡水中学2020届全国高三第一次联合考试第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项AIf you're looking to fully experience Africa’s breathtaking scenery ,and have an eye for adventure, then there's only one place to be.Here,inside Africa picks four of the best hikes from across the continent.1.KilimanjaroMake it to the top of Tanzania's 5,895-meter Kilimanjaro, and you'll be standing at Africa’s highest point.The mountain is Africa's most-visited hiking destination, attracting tens of thousands of tourists and adventures every year.You don’t have to a technical climber to climb Mount Kilimanjaro;you just need not be pretty physically fit. There are six routes to choose from. difficulty, scenery and success. No special equipment2.Atlas mountainsThe High Atlas is an impressive mountainous range in central Morocco that hosts North Africa's highest peak. Mount Toubkal , at 4,165 meters. There's a variety of routes to follow during your climb but inexperienced climbers should note that the hike through the mountain’s challenging zones is quite demanding.3. Mount KenyaA long-extinct volcano. Mount Kenya is Africa's second-highest peak, at 5,199 meters.Lying just south of the equator, the mountain's deep valleys and diverse wildlife will guarantee you wonderful scenery and a fantastic hiking experience.The climb, however, to the mountain's steep ice-capped peaks is quite challenging, making it the most technical, probably, in that East African area.4. Mount MeruMount Meru may forever exist in the shadow of its neighbor,Kilimanjaro，butTanzania ’s second-highest mountain (4,565 meters) has its own devotees.It's less known, but Mount Meru is for the true enthusiast who wants to experience what very few people actually do.Mount Meru is often used by mountaineers to accustom themselves before trying to conquer Kilimanjaro, or by those wanting a hike with the local Massai.21. What do we know about Kilimanjaro?A. It's comparatively easy to climb.B. It's Africa's second highest mountainC. Its six routes are equally difficult.D. It lies to the east of Tanzania.22.Why do mountaineers climb Mount Meru first before they do Kilimanjaro?A. To avoid big crowds of climbers .B. To hike with the local Massai.C. To get used to the situation.D. To experience what most people do. Which is the lowest of the four?23.Which is the lowest of the four?A. Kilimanjaro.B.Atlas mountainsC. Mount Kenya.D. Mount MeruBLebanese filmmaker Nadine Labaki has become the first female artist in the Arab world to be nominated (提名）for an Academy Award ,or Oscar.Labaki directed the film Capernaum ,a film about a Syrian refugee (难民)boy and a Kenyan baby who live without parents on the streets of Beirut. h was nominated for best foreign language film.Labaki wil1 be one of the few female directors to compete for an Oscar this year. She told the Associated press "I wish there were a lot more women filmmakers this year represented,nominated in the Oscars. But I am sure in a few years we won't be having this problem anymore.”Unlike in the West, women filmmakers are industry leaders in Lebanon.Capernaum received a 15-minute standing ovation (热烈欢迎）at this year's Cannes Film Festival. It won the Jury Prize—the third-highest award given at Cannes.The United Nations has publicly praised the film. Lebanon's Foreign Minister said Capernaum put a Lebanese touch on the international film industry.The Oscar nomination of Capernaum is the second for Lebanon in two years in the film group. It demonstrates the country's rising star power.Labaki called making the movie a life-changing experience. She said Capernaum helps humanize the real struggles of refugees only briefly talked about in the news.We can’ t help but acknowledge that there is a fear of refugees in general around the world and there are these walls we are building, and this fear that keeps growing," Labaki said.Capernaum will compete against four other films for the Oscar, including awards season favorite Roma. Directed by Mexico's Alfonso Cuaron, it earned 10 Oscar nominations, including for best picture.24. Where does Labaki come from?A. Syria.B. Kenya.C. Lebanon.D. Mexico.25.What do we know from Labaki's words in Paragraph 3?A. Few women directors have been nominated in the Oscars.B. She was the first female artist to compete for an Oscar.C More women directors will enter for Oscar this year.D. Female directors have problems with their films.26.Which of the following best describes Capernaum ?A. It is the best foreign language film.B. It shows the rising power of women.C. It has won the first prize at Cannes.D. It is highly thought of.27. What does the underlined ‘it’ in the last paragraph refer to?A Capernaum. B. The Oscar. C. Roma. D. Best picture.CBeing highly successful in any field is pretty rare. It takes a combination of natural talent, luck, determination, and plenty of outside support for someone to make it big in sports, entertainment, or business. But what if competing is all that matters to you, whether you are likely to succeed or not? This was the goal of Michael Eddie the Eagle Edwards, and that he reached that goal was an amazing achievement.Born in the U.K. in 1963, Michael was an enthusiastic downhill skier whose dream was tocompete for Britain in world-class competitions. He would have liked to represent his country in the 1984 Winter Olympics, but there were a large number of downhill competitors, and Edwards didn't qualify. Seeing his chance elsewhere, he switched to ski jumping. Ski jumping didn't cost nearly as much, and there was almost no competition for a place on the Britain team.But a number of hurdles (障碍）could have meant the end of Edwards' dream. He weighed more than most competitors, which put him at a disadvantage. He had no financial support for hi, training. Poor eyesight meant that he had to wear glasses under his goggles (护目镜）- not a good thing when they steamed up at high altitudes. But he couldn't let any of this discourage him. He saw himself as a true lover of the sport who simply wanted the chance to compete. Winning wasn't the point. Having the opportunity to try was all he cared about. And nothing could stop him from trying.In the end, Edwards took 55th place in the 1987 World Championships. He then went on to the Calgary Olympics in 1988, where he finished last in both of his events. Many athletes would have been embarrassed by this result, but he is proud of his achievement to this day. His determination to fight against all the odds made him a global hero, and in 2016, the inspiring film Eddie the Eagle was made about his life.28. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A. To add some background information.B. To uncover the secret of success.C. To expect an answer from readers.D. To introduce the topic.29. Why did Michael Edwards choose ski jumping?A. It took less skill.B. The equipment was cheaper.C. There was little competition.D. It was easy to win the championship.30. After the Calgary Olympics, Edwards _________A. felt he had reached his goalB. was embarrassed by his resultsC. switched to film makingD. was glad it was over31. What made Michael Edwards outstanding?A. His determination to win.B. His enthusiasm for the sport.C. His attitude towards the Olympics.D. His ability to overcome physical disabilities.DThe world's first hydrogen-powered trains have begun running in Germany. They begancarrying passengers Monday in Germany’s northern Lower Saxony state.The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.A French railroad company called Alstom built the two trains. Team in Germany andFrance cooperated on the project,which was supported by the German government.The new train model ,called the Coradia ilint,signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollution-producing diesel(柴油) trains.The Coradia iLint is designed to run on non-electrified train lines with low levels of noise.It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The only emissions (排放物) are water and steam.A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1,000 kilometers. This is very similar to the distance a diesel-powered train can run on with a single tank.Hydrogen-powered trains cost more than diesel trains to build. But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. The company plans to provide another 14 Coradia iLint trains to Lower Saxony by 2021.The head of railroad operations in the area ,Carmen Schwabl,praised replacing diesel trains with hydrogen. She said the move was an important first step in using clean-burning technologies to reach climate protection goals.Officials say the area's many wind turbines (涡轮机）will produce part of the energy to create the hydrogen to power the trains.Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in developing hydrogen train systems. France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by2022.32. Why did Germany build the new trains?A. To replace diesel trains.B. To carry more passengers.C. To make traveling much easier.D. To develop friendship with France.33. What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint?A. It runs without making any noise.B. It doesn’ t use electrical power.C. It costs much less to run.D. It is cheaper to make it.34. It can be concluded that hydrogen trains________A. are widely usedB. are environmentally friendlyC. can stop air pollutionD. can produce water and oxygen35. What might be the best title for the text?A. Saving Natural ResourcesB. Efforts to Reduce EmissionsC. World’s First Hydrogen TrainsD. A New Way to Make Electricity第一节A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。

2020年高三英语阅读理解专项训练（含答案）

2020年高三英语阅读理解专项训练（含答案）2020年高三英语阅读理解专项训练(名师精选真题+实战训练，建议下载练习)一Not so long ago, most people didn’t know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was go to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication thatshe was just another American teenager without much of a future. However, one person wants to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness. H ertime were not exactly impressive, but even so, he seemed there was something trying toget out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her andfound her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons. Their cooperation quickly produced re sults, and a few year later at JamaicaOlympic games in early 2008, Shelly Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in短跑).the world, beat Jamaica’s unchallen ged queen of the sprint( asked an astonished sprinting world, before “Where d id she come from?”concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time totime, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At theBeijing Olympic she swept away any doubtsabout her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever towin the 100 meters Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73--- the fourthrecord ever.Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has toughest been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica’sinner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. Sometimes her family didn have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she es. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an couldn’t afford shoathlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after sh e had her first baby. Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.It didn't take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports couldbe her way out of Waterhouse. O n a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.But Shelly-Ann’s victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world’s toughest criminalI have so much fire burning for neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. “my country,”Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children andwants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicansto lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as world.Champions aren't made in gyms. Champions are made As Muhammad Ali puts it, “from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision.”One of thethings Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.1. Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann?A. He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.B. He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.C. She had big problems maintaining her performance.D. She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.2. What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann beforethe 2008 Olympic Games?A. She would become a promising star.B. She badly needed to set higher goals.C. Her sprinting career would not last long.D. Her talent for sprinting was known to all.3. What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track?A. Her success and lessons in her career.B. Her interest in Shelly-Ann’s quick profit.C. Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.D. Her early entrance into the sprinting world.4. What can we infer from Shelly-Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 5?A. She was highly rewarded for her efforts.B. She was eager to do more for her country.C. She became an athletic star in her country.D. She was the envy of the whole community.5. By mentio ning Muhammad Ali’s words, the author intends to tell us that .A. players should be highly inspired by coachesB. great athletes need to concentrate on patienceC. hard work is necessary in one’s achievementsD. motivation allows great athletes to be on the top6. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Making of a Great AthleteB. The Dream for ChampionshipC. The Key to High PerformanceD. The Power of Full Responsibility答案1—6 BCCBDA二Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bik e basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true.I would be a different person if my m hadn’t turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostlyfell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly dondid it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task., but she made itlook effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hearand –so got for his birthday, you are not getting a something like, “I don’t care what so –We had to earn ourTV in your room a car for your birthday a lsvish sweet 16 party.”allowance by doing chores around the house. I can still l remember how long it took topolish the legs of our coffee table. My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house .Like the two little girls growing up at the White House, we madeour own beds (no one left the house until that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of our belongings ,and if something was lost ,it was not replaced.It was summer and ,one day ,my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tirefixed---and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated withflowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I k new---I had to have it.”What a neat basket.”“It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her,I tried to hold off at first ,I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess Iplease can I plea se ,please get it? I ’ll do extra at and it any longer:“Mom,couldn’tthat basket.chores for as long as you say, I’ll do anything ,but I need that basket,I lovePlease ,Mom .Please?”I was desperate.she said ,gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I “You know,”believes was the coolest thing ever,” If you save up you could buy this yourself.t gone!”“By the time I make enough it’ll bu“Maybe Roger here could hold it for you,” she smiled at Roger ,the bike guy “He can’t hold it for that long ,Mom .Someone else will buy it .Please, Mom, Please?”“There might be another way,” she said.And so our paying plan unfolded. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put itsafely in some hiding place I couldn’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my grow saving increased by extra work here and there (washing the car ,helping my mothermake dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked nakedwithout the basket in front).And then ,weeks later ,I counted ,re-counted and jumpedfor joy. Oh ,happy day ! I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’dayed with millions Days later the unthinkable happened. A neighborhood girl I’d plof times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that alreadyhad all the bells and whistles. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster. This horrible turn of events.And then came the lesso n . I’ve taken with me through my life:”Honey, Your b is extra-special,” Mom said, gently wiping away my hot tears.”Your ba sket is sp because you paid for it yourself.”1.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A. The children enjoyed doing housework.B. The author came from s well-off familyC. The mother raised her children in an unusual wayD. The children were fon d of the US president’s daughters.2.When the author saw the basket in the window, she .A. fell in love with itB. stared at her motherC. recognized it at onceD. went up to the bike guy3.Why did the author say many “please” to her mother?A. She longed to do extra work.B. She was eager to have the basket.C. She felt tired after standing too long.D. She wanted to be polite to her mother.4.By using “naked” (Paragraph 12),the author seems to stress that the basket wasA. something she could affordB. something important to herC. something impossible to getD. something she could do without5.To the author, it seemed to be a horrible turn of events thatA. something spoiled her paying planB. the basket cost more than she had savedC. a neighborhood girl had bought a new bikeD. someone else had got a basket of the same kind6.What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother?A. Save money for a rainy dayB. Good advice is beyond all price.C. Earn your bread with your sweatD. God helps those who help themselves答案：1---6 CABBD C三You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907-1964)If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the lakes and oceans.harmful effects of chemicals on h umans and on the world’s -present)Sandra Day O’Connor(1930When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 yearson the top court.Rosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seaton a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rightsrks.movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Pa1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her lack of proper training in law.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.2. What is the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by thelaw firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.3. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?A. Jane Addams.B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Da y O’Connor.D. Rosa Parks.4. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated.B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers.D. They are peace-lovers.答案： 1 --- 4 A C D.C四Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test atthe beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set ofomething out of the Tinkertoys. Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:”Make sYou have 45 minutes today - a nd 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of themodel plans provided. Another group built something out oftheir own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creativemind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing thosestudents who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare,just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”“Oh, sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell som wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”“Nobody. I do it.”“Really-at night, when you’re asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”1. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________?A. know more about the studentsB. make the lessons more excitingD. teach the students about toy designC. raise the students’ interest in art2. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph3?A. He liked to help his teacher.B. He preferred to study alone.C. He was active in class.D. He was imaginative.3. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.4. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A. To help them to see their creativity.B. To find out about their sleeping habits.C. To help them to improve their memory.D. To find out about their ways of thinking.答案：1---4 A DBA五On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take acouple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Sidecafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.-haired writer remembered being “Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, whiteasked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I di my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got upto leave, it was pouring outside. We lty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And know. These are the people that make me write them.’”Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleasedwith this explanation.cters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I don’t make them up,” she said of the chara“I don’t have to.”Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s peoplecome from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets ofher native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.1. What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?A. Two strangers joined her.B. Her childhood friends came in.C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.D. Some people held a party there.2. The und erlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s.A. readersB. partiesC. friendsD. stories3. Wh at can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?A. They live in big cities.B. They are mostly women.C. They come from real life.D. They are pleasure seekers.答案：1—3 ADC六Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just afew blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attackedfamilythe East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’sclosed.escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridgeWhen they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her,aged that shepeople were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so dam had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flightsof stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. always choose how I deal with it.”Natalie’s choice was to help.She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball cardcollecting when his house burned down. Within d ays, Patrick’s collection was replaced. In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who receiveda new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air.The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “Ic an’t imagine livingNatalie declares. “My n eighborhood will be back, ev en anywhere but Rockaway,”stronger than before.”1. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found______.A. some friends had lost their livesB. her neighborhood was destroyedC. her school had moved to BrooklynD. the elderly were free from suffering2. According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?A. The people helping Rockaway rebuildB. The people trapped in high-rise buildingC. The volunteers donating money to survivorsD. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people3. How did Natalie help the survivors?A. She gave her toys to the kidsB. She took care of younger children。

2020北京高三英语一模阅读理解D篇汇总练习,带答案精校版

2020高三英语一模阅读D篇汇总2020西城一模DThe Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and—mostimportantly—tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an “informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. The campaign has included TV and online ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beefburger.While it’s true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and it’s true that eating one isnot as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad sure sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) in their meal? But the truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, it’s reallynothing compared with salmonella (沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.Also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. Choosing an Impossible or Beyond burger isn’t just about eating healthy. Burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein or processed meat, will never be as healthy as organic raw vegetables.What’s appealing is the prospect of enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste of guilt.Let’s face it, there are huge environmental costs to eating cows. Cattle raising is contributing to climate change, and not just because methane ( 甲烷) from cows and cattle is responsible for about 14.5% of greenhouse gas. More broadly, our global food production system releases more than a third of the world’s greenhouse gases. Yet we can’t seem to control our meat appetite even knowing that large areas of the Amazon forest have been ruined, and continue to be cut down to make room for more cattle to feed the growing demand for beef. Humans also know full well that many animals live short, cruel lives in awful conditions for the purpose of becoming foods for humans to enjoy at dinner.A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smallerclimate footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of those receiving the U.N. Global Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is on guard.42.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A.These ads deserve little consideration.B.W e should spread the message of these ads.C.We’d better be cautious when reading these ads.D.These ads tell people a lot about plant-based burgers.43.What do we know about additives and preservatives in plant-based burgers?E.They are likely to cause poisoning.F.Their use is within the normal range.G.Some have not been used in hamburgers.H.They are used to ensure burgers taste good.44.What is the author’s attitude towards plant-based burgers?A. Supportive.B. Neutral.C. Disapproving.D. Doubtful.45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I. B.C. D.I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点)C: Conclusion2020海淀一模DIn college, I was taught an elegant theory of chemical combination based on excess electrons going into holes in the orbital shell of a neighbouring atom. But what about diatomic compounds like oxygen gas? Don't ask; students aren't ready to know. In physics, in biology, in any other science classes, students frequently get that answer too.Ifs time to trust students to handle doubt and diversity in science. Actually, students are starting to act. They have shamed their seniors into including more diverse contributors as faculty members and role models. Young scholars rudely ask their superiors why they fail to address the extinction crises clarified by their research. The inherited authoritarian political structures of science education are becoming lame一but still remain largely unchanged from the old school days.A narrow, rigid education does not prepare anyone f o r the complexities of scientific research, applications and policy. If we discourage students from inquiring into the real nature of scientific truths, or exploring how society shapes the questions that researchers ask, how can we prepare them to maintain public trust in science in our "post-truth” world? Diversity and doubt produce creativity; we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought.In science, even foundational building blocks can be questioned. The unifying patterns of the periodic table are now questioned under closer examination. Some scientists now wonder whether the concept of biological "species" contributes more confusion than insight, and whether it should therefore be abandoned. However, such a decision would affect conservation policy, in which identification of endangered species is crucial---so it is not just an issue for basic science.Science students generally remain unaware that concepts such as elements and species are contested or are even contestable. In school, college and beyond, curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective. Public arguments among scientists often presume that every problem has just one solution.Nonetheless, uncertain advice on complex issues should be a warning that, from a future perspective, today's total scientific consensus on some policy issue might have been the result of stubbornness, a conflict of interest or worse. Just as a healthy democracy accommodatesdissent and dissonance, the collective consciousness of science would do well to embrace doubt and diversity. This could start with teaching science as a great, flawed, ongoing human achievement, rather than as a collection of cut-and-dried eternal （永久的）truths.I recall a legenda r y chemistry professor who was not skilful at getting classroom demonstrations to work--but discussing what went wrong helped his students to thrive. A mathematician friend let pupils discuss every statement in the textbook until all were satisfied. They did well in exams, and taught themselves when he was absent. Treating people at all levels as committed thinkers, whose asking teaches us all, is the key to tackling the challenges to science in the post-trust age.42.The problem of current science training is that.A.students cannot become specialistsB.it goes against established science educationC.students lose trust in their teachers and professorsD.it fails to provide students with what they need in future43.The periodic table is mentioned to prove that.A.even the widely accepted can be challengedB.students are generally ignorant of scienceC.most previous researches are out of dateD.science has been developing with time44.It can be learnt from the passage that.A.students may be more innovative if they are allowed to doubtB.science students do not contest elements or speciesC.students should not trust established scienceD.diversity prevents progress in science45.Which of the following statements best represents the writer’ s opinion?A.Our curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective.B.Science should be a collection of cut-and-dried eternal truths.C.Teachers should treat people at all levels as committed thinkers.D.The concept of biological species brings more confusion than insight.2020朝阳一模DFact or Fiction?Non-fiction can be broken down into many categories. One category is literary non-fiction, which is still based in fact but employs some of the storytelling elements that fiction uses. Literary non-fiction includes a type of autobiography(自传) called memoir. Memoir most often focuses on a certain period of the author’s life. It is, by definition, rooted in truth. Still, people sometimes question whether memoir should be categorized as non-fiction at all.As non-fiction, memoir is intended to be factual. Is this really the case, though, considering memoir relies on human memory? One classic study, led by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, showed how easily an interviewer’s choice of wording can influence an eyewitness’s account of a traffic accident. It is therefore reasonable to wonder whether memoir should continue to be branded as non-fiction.Certainly, human memory can be unreliable. However, a memoir author is undoubtedly writing about significant and impactful life events. Memories of such events are actually morereliable than others. Studies show that the more influential an event is, the more accurately people recall the details. As an emotionally charged event unfolds, the brain activity changes in a way that amplifies small details. This activity helps build a more precise and accurate memory.Of course the brain is not a camera that can “save” any memory with perfect accuracy. But if memoir is questionable due to the imperfections of the human mind, then critics will have to tackle non-fiction more broadly. All writers are using their memories when they create, and moreover, they are relying on the memories of others. Journalists conduct interviews to tell a news story and history writers depend on the accuracy of accounts from long ago. Y et they all rightfully fall under the umbrella of non-fiction.Some people may doubt memoir not because they mistrust human memory, but because they mistrust the author’s morality. Critics may suspect an author of making up events. However, there is no reason to be suspicious of memoir author’s intentions. Writing a factual memoir that appeals to readers has the potential to be profitable for the author, and there is no motivation for a memoir writer to knowingly change or beautify the truth.Looking beyond the author’s own life events, memoir can inform readers about the world in the same way that other non-fiction can. Memoir has a way of relaying facts about anything from an occupation to brief fashion trends, all of it meaningful to the author.42. The author introduces the topic in Paragraph 1 by_.A. illustrating why it is important to talk about memoirB. listing some interesting facts and features of memoirC. defining key terms that are discussed later in the passageD. making a comparison between autobiography and memoir43. What does the underlined word “amplifies” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Collects.B. Ignores.C. Enlarges.D. Absorbs.44. W e can learn from the passage that_.A. critics argue that a news story by a journalist is fictionB. a memoir author’s memory can be influenced by the intervieweesC. memoir can’t show readers facts about what an author experiencedD. emotional moments can cause the creation of more detailed memories45. According to the passage, the author believes.A. the most profitable memoirs are those shown to be the most factualB. many authors are untrustworthy, although many memoirs are fact-basedC. memoir is rightfully categorized under the umbrella of literary non-fictionD. memory is too unreliable for memoir to be considered a type of non-fiction2020丰台一模DIf you think about it, work-life balance is a strange ambition for a fulfilling life. Balance is about stasis: if our lives were ever in balance—parents happy, kids taken care of, work working—then our overriding thought would be to shout “Nobody move!” and pray all would stay perfect forever. This false hope is made worse by the categories themselves. They imply that work is bad, and life is good. And so the challenge, we are told, is to balance the heaviness of work with the lightness of life.Yet work is not the opposite of life. It is instead a part of life—just as family is, as are friends and community. All of these aspects of living have their share of uplifting moments and moments that drag us down. The same is true of work. Treat work the same way you do life: by maximizing what you love.We have interviewed several anesthesiologists (麻醉师) about the thrills they feel in their jobs. One said he loved the thrill of holding each patient hovering at that one precise point between life and death. Another said she loved the bedside conversations before the operation aiming to calm the panic that affects many patients. Another was drawn mostly to the anesthetic mechanism and has devoted himself to defining precisely how each drug does what it does.Think of your life’s many different activities as threads. Some are black and some are white. But some of these activities appear to be made of a different substance.These activities contain all the tell-tale signs of love: before you do them, you find yourself looking forward to them; while you’re doing them, time speeds up and you find yourself in flow; and after you’ve done them, you feel energetic. These are your red threads, and research by the Mayo Clinic suggests that doctors who weave the fabric of their life with at least 20% red threads are significantly less likely to experience burnout.The simplest way for you to do this is to spend a week in love with your job. During the week, any time you find yourself feeling one of the signs of love write down exactly what you were doing in the column “Love”. And any time you find yourself feeling the inverse write down what you were doing in the column “Loathe”. By the end of the week you will see a list of activities in your “Love” column, which create in you a positive feeling, one that draws you in and lifts you up.Our goal should be to, little by little, week by week, intentionally unbalance all aspects of our work toward the former and away from the latter. Not simply to make us feel better, but so that our colleagues, our friends and our family can all benefit from us at our very best.42. What is the author’s attitude towards work-life balance?A. Doubtful.B. Disapproving.C. Supportive.D. Neutral.43. The author uses three anesthesiologists as examples to ________.A. prove people benefit from workB. indicate doctors take pride in their workC. show people gain joy from different situationsD. imply doctors reduce the pressure of work successfully44. “Red threads” in Paragraph 4 refer to the activities that ________.A. arouse your passionB. satisfy your desiresC. improve your motivationD. require your efforts45. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Red threads are necessary for a balanced life.B. Recording activities helps create positive feeling.C. Find love in work instead of keeping work-life balance.D. Maximize what you love to remove the heaviness from work.2020延庆一模DEducators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have his orher own microcomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students?Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to write papers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing on a word processor, most find revising and editing much easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite or re-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less difficult, students are more likely to revise as often as is necessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English courses require the use of a word processor.Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basic skills. Software programs strengthen ESL(English as a Second Language ) instruction, as well as instruction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improve their skills in a language while proceeding at their own pace.Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, for example, botany( 植物学）students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn to interpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics students can complete complex calculations farmore quickly than they could without the use of computer.Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but important to many aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts, marketing, and public relations find that knowledge of computer graphic is important. Education majors learn to develop grading systems using computers, while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their research results.It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A useful tool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.42. The word"literacy" (Line 1,Paragraph 1) means _________.A. the ability to read and writeB. the ability to useC. literatureD. the knowledge of language43. According to the author, a word processor can be used to_________.A. revise papersB. retype papersC. reduce the psychological burden of writing papersD. improve the writing skills of a student44. According to the author, the reason for students to go to college is _________.A. to learn somethingB. to perfect themselvesC. to improve computer skillsD. to make the best use of computers45. The main purpose of this passage is to _________.A. persuade the educators to increase computer use in their own classroomB. analyze advantages and disadvantages of computer use among college studentsC. identify some of the ways that computers benefit college studentsD. describe how computers can be used to teach foreign languages2020门头沟一模DWhen I re-entered the full-time work after a decade of running my own business, there was a top thing I was looking forward to: to make friends with the colleagues once again. As a matter of fact, it wasn't until I entered the company that I realized making friends with colleagues wasn’t the first at all. It is developing interpersonal relationships at work that is vital, which can not only help overcome a range of problems at work but also promote productivity and the quality of work output.Perhaps my expectations of lunches and chatting with friends were the memory of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. However, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely satisfying without needing to be the best workmates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the very influential Journal of Management, researchers have developed the idea of "indifferent relationships", which is a simple term that summarizes the fact that relationships at work can be less close, unimportant and even replaceable.Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted so far shows they're especially obvious among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over disharmony. Indifference is also the preferred choice among those who are socially lazy and regard maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort.As mentioned above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful way in solving problems at work. Even so, there are proven benefits on indifferent relationship. One of them is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and producing. Another is self-respect. As human beings, we tend to compare ourselves to each other. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more than friends. In the process their strengths can raise the sense of self-worth. The third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationshipshas been found to improve critical thinking, enhance people’s attention to task solving, and make it easier to gain valuable information.None of those benefits might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I'll take it anyway.42. What did the author realize when he re-entered the company?A. Building interpersonal relationships was important.B. Making new friends with workmates was not so easy as he had expected.C. Developing positive interpersonal relationships helped him find his place.D. Working in companies requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment.43. Which one belongs to indifferent relationships at work according to the passage？A. Being in conflict with workmates in the office.B. Spending less time chatting and socializing in the office.C. Having deep and meaningful conversations with colleagues.D. Being the best mates with the people sitting next to you in the office.44. What can be one of the benefits of the indifferent relationships?A. They provide fun at work.B. They improve work efficiency.C. They help control emotions at work.D. They help solve problems during work time.45. What’s the author’s attitude towards indifferent relationships?A. Cautious.B. Doubtful.C. Approving.D. Indifferent.2020密云一模DThe latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not I.Q.，a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, it's purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you'd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn't have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armedwith this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She'd be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused.By practising in this way, she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback. viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems——how do I get characters into a room——dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It's the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine; the latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we're "hard-wired" to do. And it's true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.42. The passage mainly deals with.A. the decisive factor in making a geniusB. the relationship between genius and successC. the function of I.Q. in cultivating a writerD. the way of gaining some sense of distinction43 .By reading novels and writers' stories, the girl could.A. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of securityB. join a fascinating circle of writers somedayC. share with a novelist her likes and dislikesD. come to understand the inner structure of writing44. In the girl's long painstaking training process,.A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her successB. she comes to realize she is "hard-wired"' to writeC. she acquires the magic of some great achievementD. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance45. What can be concluded from the passage?A. A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one's success.B. A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.C .What really-matters is what you do rather than who you are.D.As to the growth of a genius. I.Q. doesn't matter. but just his/her effort.2020平谷一模DAI can identify rare genetic disordersPeople with genetic syndromes(基因遗传综合症) sometimes have revealing facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky when there are hundreds ofpossible conditions they may have. A new neural(神经的) network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt(形态) — or overall impression of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labeled to correspond to more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photographs of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time.Gurovich and his team also tested the AI’ s ability to distinguish between different genetic mutations (突变) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used images of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in one of five genes. DeepGestalt accurately identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time.“It’ s clearly not perfect,” says Gurovich. “But it’ s still much better than humans are at tryingto do this. ”As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions of privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people with a high probability of having certain disorders.However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available to doctors. Christoffer Nellaker at the University of Oxford says this technique could bring significant benefits for those with genetic syndromes.“This is not fundamentally different information than we’ re sharing walking down the street, or we’ re happy to share with Facebook or Google,” he says. “But questioning the data in this way means you can obtain information about health or disease status. ”“The real value here is that for some of these extreme rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers,” he says.For some diseases,this kind of technology will cut down the time to diagnose thoroughly. For others, it could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, helpfind new treatments or cures.42. What is the purpose of Gurovich’ s neural network?A. To test the AI’ s ability.B. To analyze photographs of faces.C. To help doctors reduce the range of the diagnosis.D. To research the overall impression of patients’ faces.43. What disadvantage does Deep Gestalt bring?A. It will probably involve in the people’ s privacy.B. It cannot provide information about health or disease.C. The diagnosis based on a simple photograph is not accurate.D. It could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease.。

【长难句】高考真题阅读理解词汇长难句4-2020全国卷ⅠD篇

【长难句】高考真题阅读理解词汇长难句4-2020全国卷ⅠD篇2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D1. connection2. conduct3. crime4. productive5. decorate6. composition7. diverse8. function9. sensor10. detect11. engineer12. common13. faint14. version15. spray16. fade17.expose18. consume19. reduce【长难句】1. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.句子结构分析：________________________________________________________________ ________________________翻译：________________________________________________________________ ________________________2.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT）have taken it a step further —changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions.句子结构分析：________________________________________________________________ ________________________翻译：________________________________________________________________ ________________________3. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.句子结构分析：________________________________________________________________ ________________________翻译：________________________________________________________________ ________________________4. We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day.句子结构分析：________________________________________________________________ ________________________翻译：________________________________________________________________ ________________________5. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow （发光）in experiments using some common vegetables.句子结构分析：________________________________________________________________ ________________________翻译：________________________________________________________________ ________________________6. In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime.句子结构分析：________________________________________________________________ ________________________翻译：________________________________________________________________ ________________________7. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off ＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.句子结构分析：________________________________________________________________ ________________________翻译：________________________________________________________________ ________________________8. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source （电源）—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway —a lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）.句子结构分析：________________________________________________________________ ________________________翻译：________________________________________________________________ ________________________答案：1.connectionn. 联系；关系；连接；亲戚2. conductn. 行为；举动；品行v. 引导；指挥；管理vt. 导电；传热3. crimen. 犯罪；恶行4. productiveadj. 生产的；有成效的；多产的5. decoratev. 装饰；布置；装修；授予某人奖章或其他奖状6. compositionn. 成分；作品；组织；作文；合成物7. diverseadj. 不同的；多种多样的8. functionn. 职务；功能；函数；重大聚会；应变量，有相关关系者；取决于vi. 运行；起作用9. sensorn. 传感器；探测器10. detectv. 发觉；察觉；探测11. engineern. 工程师；机(械)师vt. 设计；建造；策划12. commonadj. 常见的；共同的；普通的；平常的；平凡的；粗俗的n. 公地；平民；普通；公园13. faintadj. 微弱的；无力的；模糊的v. 昏倒n. 昏厥；昏倒14. versionn. 版本；说法；译本；形式15. sprayv. 喷雾；喷射；扫射n. 喷雾；喷雾器；水沫16. fadev. 逐渐消失；褪色；凋谢n. 淡入；淡出17.exposevt. 揭露；使曝光；使面临；使暴露18. consumev. 消耗；吃喝；毁灭19. reducev. 减少；缩小；使落魄；简化；还原【长难句】1. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.【句子分析】主干部分：employees were shown to be 15% more productive时间状语从句：when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.【翻译】另一项研究显示，当工作场所装饰室内植物时，员工的生产力提高了15%。

2020新高考英语一卷阅读理解d篇

2020新高考英语一卷阅读理解d篇2020新高考英语一卷阅读理解d篇内容如下：阅读原文：1 The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.（main idea of para 1: positive effect of plants on us）2 The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.（main idea of para 2: actual composition of plants can be changed to perform unusual functions）3 One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)inexperiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.（main idea of para 3: plants are made to glow)4 in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.5 Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.发光的植物可以缩短距离，因此有助于节省能源。

2020北京高三英语一模阅读理解D篇汇总练习,带答案精校版

2021 年全国高考阅读理解D篇练习

2020 年全国高考阅读理解D篇1.（2020全国新高考1卷）（山东）According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a . specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?12.What is the recent study mainly about?A.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behavior.13.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A.Big eaters.B.Overweight persons.C.Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.C How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.2.（2020全国1卷）The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms oreven to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To detect plants’ lack of waterB. To change compositions of plantsC. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?3.（2020全国2卷）I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?A. Cooperative.B. Uneasy.C. Inseparable.D. Casual.33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Pleasure from working in the library.B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.D. A closer bond developed with the readers.34. What does the author call on other writers to do?A. Sponsor book fairs.B. Write for social media.C. Support libraries.D. Purchase her novels.35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Reading: A Source of KnowledgeB. My Idea about writingC. Library: A Haven for the YoungD. My Love of the Library4.（2020全国3卷）We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B. New knowledge of human evolution.C. Recent findings of human origin.D. Significance of food selection.33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?A. In valleys.B. Near rivers.C. On the beach.D. Off the coast.34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?A. They could walk on stilts all day.B. They had a superb way of fishing.C. They could stay long underwater.D. They lived on both land and water.35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at SeaB. Highlanders’ Survival SkillsC. Basic Methods of Genetic ResearchD. The World’s Best Divers5.（北京卷）Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by many works of fiction — Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?A. Enormous in quantity.B. Changeable daily.C. Stable in quality.D. Present everywhere.43. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?A. Help to tackle problems.B. Make brains more active.C. Benefit ambitious people.D. Set up powerful databases.44. As for Irving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is ____________.A. supportiveB. disapprovingC. fearfulD. uncertain45. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?A. It may be only a dream.B. It will come into being soon.C. It will be controlled by humans.D. It may be more dangerous than ever.6.（天津卷）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think howterrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.51. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.A. propose a definitionB. make a comparisonC. reach a conclusionD. present an argument52. What does the example of Galileo tell us?A. Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.B. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.C. Creativity results from challenging authority.D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.53. What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?A. Observe the unknown around you.B. Develop a questioning mind.C. Lead a life of adventure.D. Follow the fashion.54. What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?A. Gaining success helps you become an expert.B. The genius tends to get things done creatively.C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.D. You should remain modest when approaching perfection.55. What could be the best tile or the passage?A. Curious Minds Never Feel ContentedB. Reflections on Human NatureC. The Keys to AchievementD. Never Too Late to Learn7.（江苏卷）I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.,,2020年全国高考阅读理解D篇In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物)and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.65. How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?A. Out of place.B. Full of joy.C. Sleepy.D. Regretful.66. What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?A. He learned more about the local language.B. They had a nice conversation with each other.C. They understood each other while playing.D. He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.67. Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?A. The question was too straightforward.B. Juan knew so little about the world.C. The author didn’t know how to answer.D. The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.68. What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?A. To sort out what we have known.B. To deepen his research into Amazonians.C. To improve his reputation as a biologist.D. To learn more about local cultures.69. How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?A. They shifted their viewpoints frequently.B. They followed other scientists closely.C. They often criticized their fellow scientists.D. They conducted in-depth and close studies.70. What could be the most suitable title for the passage?A. The Possible and the Impossible .B. The Known and the Unknown .C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.8.（浙江卷）I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village withoutrunning water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I ,, am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language ofpasses and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goalkeeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I wassurprised.After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and foundall of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s village. Thereare no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, anant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insectsremains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do notknow constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they appear.My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered withdozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer beganto fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that dependson things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills moreslowly, but all the same, it fills.In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists,usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same thingsthat other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽),and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these peopleand how their lives changed our view of the world.We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insectswere the smallest organisms (生物)and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when somethingnew turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.65. How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?A. Out of place.B. Full of joy.C. Sleepy.D. Regretful.66. What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?A. He learned more about the local language.B. They had a nice conversation with each other.C. They understood each other while playing.D. He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.67. Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?A. The question was too straightforward.B. Juan knew so little about the world.C. The author didn’t know how to answer.D. The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.68. What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?A. To sort out what we have known.B. To deepen his research into Amazonians.C. To improve his reputation as a biologist.D. To learn more about local cultures.69. How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?A. They shifted their viewpoints frequently.B. They followed other scientists closely.C. They often criticized their fellow scientists.D. They conducted in-depth and close studies.70. What could be the most suitable title for the passage?A. The Possible and the Impossible .B. The Known and the Unknown .C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.9.（海南卷）Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.12. What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?A. They produce oxygen.B. They cover a vast area.C. They are well managed.D. They are rich in wildlife.13. Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?A. Heavy rainsB. Big trees.C. Small plants.D. Forest animals.14. Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?A. For more sunlight.B. For more growing space.C. For self-protection.D. For the detection of insects.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Life-Giving RainforestsB. The Law of the JungleC. Animals in the AmazonD. Weather in Rainforests。

2020新高考1卷英语阅读d篇

2020新高考1卷英语阅读d篇With the rapid development of technology, the Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has brought convenience and efficiency, but at the same time, it has raised concerns about the negative impact it may have, especially on the younger generation. In this article, we will explore the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet for students.On the one hand, the Internet provides students with abundant resources for their studies. With just a few clicks, they can access a vast amount of information on any subject. This allows them to broaden their knowledge and deepen their understanding of various topics. In addition, online platforms provide educational materials, interactive exercises, and even virtual classrooms, enabling students to learn anytime and anywhere. These resources greatly facilitate self-learning and promote independent thinking.Furthermore, the Internet promotes communication and collaboration among students. Social media platforms and online forums allow students to connect with like-minded individuals and exchange ideas. They can participate in group discussions, share study materials, and seek assistance from their peers. Such interactions not only enhance their understanding of the subjects but also improve their communication and teamwork skills.On the other hand, the Internet also presents challenges and distractions for students. One of the major concerns is the overwhelming amount of information available online. Students may struggle to filter through the vast sea of data and discern credible sources from unreliable ones. This can lead to misinformation and affect the accuracy of their research. Moreover, the constant exposure to online content can be a distraction. Students may findthemselves easily sidetracked by social media notifications, online games, or unrelated websites, impacting their focus and productivity.Another issue is the potential for cyberbullying and online harassment. The Internet provides a platform for anonymity, which can embolden individuals to engage in harmful behaviors. Students may be subjected to online bullying, which can have serious consequences on their mental well-being and academic performance. Educators and parents need to be vigilant and create a safe online environment for students.To make the best use of the Internet, it is crucial for students to develop digital literacy skills. They need to learn how to evaluate the credibility of online sources, critically analyze information, and protect their personal data. Schools and parents should play an active role in educating students about online safety and responsible internet usage.In conclusion, the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages for students. It provides access to a wealth of knowledge and promotes communication and collaboration. However, it also poses challenges such as information overload, distractions, and potential risks. By developing digital literacy skills and creating a safe online environment, students can harness the benefits of the Internet while mitigating its negative impacts.。

2020年高考英语北京卷 - 阅读理解d

2020年高考英语北京卷 - 阅读理解D1. 题目说明本文将对2020年高考英语北京卷阅读理解部分的D篇进行分析。

此篇阅读理解涉及了关于克隆技术的讨论，涉及内容较为复杂，需要对文章中的知识点进行深入理解与分析。

2. 文章概述文章主要讨论了克隆技术在动植物领域中的应用和潜在风险。

文章首先介绍了克隆技术的原理和方法，随后讨论了其在动植物繁殖、医学、科学研究等领域的应用，并指出了可能存在的道德和风险问题。

文章着重强调了克隆技术对生态环境和生物多样性的潜在影响。

3. 文章解析3.1 克隆技术原理与方法文章首先介绍了克隆技术的基本原理和方法，包括核移植、基因修饰等相关技术。

通过对克隆的定义和实现方式进行阐述，帮助读者了解克隆技术的基本概念和操作方式。

3.2 克隆技术的应用接下来，文章详细讨论了克隆技术在动植物繁殖、医学和科学研究中的应用。

包括克隆家畜、植物、干细胞研究等内容，阐述了克隆技术在不同领域中的重要作用和潜在价值。

3.3 道德与风险问题文章也提出了克隆技术可能存在的道德和风险问题。

克隆生物的健康问题、道德伦理问题以及生态环境和生物多样性的影响等。

这些问题提醒人们要审慎思考克隆技术的发展与应用。

3.4 总结与展望文章总结了克隆技术的现状和潜在影响，并带出了对未来克隆技术发展的展望。

强调了对克隆技术的规范和控制，以及对生态环境和人类社会的影响需进行深入研究和思考。

4. 总结本篇阅读理解通过对克隆技术的原理、应用和潜在问题进行全面的阐述，提醒人们要审慎对待克隆技术的发展和应用。

阅读这篇文章，有助于读者对于克隆技术有更深入的了解，并能够为其在未来的相关领域的应用和探索提供参考和帮助。

很抱歉，之前提供的回答没有符合您的需求。

以下是针对2020年高考英语北京卷阅读理解D篇的扩展内容:3.5 克隆技术对生态环境和生物多样性的影响除了克隆技术在动植物繁殖、医学和科学研究领域的应用和潜在风险之外，文章还着重强调了克隆技术对生态环境和生物多样性的潜在影响。

2020北京各区高三一模汇编--阅读理解D篇

2020北京各区高三一模英语分类汇编—阅读理解D 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1、（2020北京朝阳一模）DFact or Fiction?Non-fiction can be broken down into many categories. One category is literary non-fiction, which is still based in fact but employs some of the storytelling elements that fiction uses. Literary non-fiction includes a type of autobiography(自传) called memoir. Memoir most often focuses on a certain period of the author’s life. It is, by definition, rooted in truth. Still, people sometimes question whether memoir should be categorized as non-fiction at all.As non-fiction, memoir is intended to be factual. Is this really the case, though, considering memoir relies on human memory? One classic study, led by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, showed how easily an interviewer’s choice of wording can influence an eyewitness’s account of a traffic accident. It is therefore reasonable to wonder whether memoir should continue to be branded as non-fiction.Certainly, human memory can be unreliable. However, a memoir author is undoubtedly writing about significant and impactful life events. Memories of such events are actually morereliable than others. Studies show that the more influential an event is, the more accurately people recall the details. As an emotionally charged event unfolds, the brain activity changes in a way that amplifies small details. This activity helps build a more precise and accurate memory.Of course the brain is not a camera that can “save” any memory with perfect accuracy. But if memoir is questionable due to the imperfections of the human mind, then critics will have to tackle non-fiction more broadly. All writers are using their memories when they create, and moreover, they are relying on the memories of others. Journalists conduct interviews to tell a news story and history writers depend on the accuracy of accounts from long ago. Yet they all rightfully fall under the umbrella of non-fiction.Some people may doubt memoir not because they mistrust human memory, but because they mistrust the author’s morality. Critics may suspect an author of making up events. However, there is no reason to be suspicious of memoir author’s intentions. Writing a factual memoir that appeals to readers has the potential to be profitable for the author, and there is no motivation for a memoir writer to knowingly change or beautify the truth.Looking beyond the author’s own life events, memoir can inform readers about the world in the same way that other non-fiction can. Memoir has a way of relaying facts about anything from an occupation to brief fashion trends, all of it meaningful to the author.42. The author introduces the topic in Paragraph 1 by _.A. illustrating why it is important to talk about memoirB. listing some interesting facts and features of memoirC. defining key terms that are discussed later in the passageD. making a comparison between autobiography and memoir43. What does the underlined word “amplifies” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Collects.B. Ignores.C. Enlarges.D. Absorbs.44. We can learn from the passage that _.A. critics argue that a news story by a journalist is fictionB. a memoir author’s memory can be influenced by the intervieweesC. memoir can’t show readers facts about what an author experiencedD. emotional moments can cause the creation of more detailed memories45. According to the passage, the author believes .A. the most profitable memoirs are those shown to be the most factualB. many authors are untrustworthy, although many memoirs are fact-basedC. memoir is rightfully categorized under the umbrella of literary non-fictionD. memory is too unreliable for memoir to be considered a type of non-fiction2、（2020北京东城一模）DPicture this: It’s 2003 and your family has just finished arguing over which Netflix movies to rent that week. Movies come in the mail and the family watch them throughout the week before sending them back and ordering new ones. Then, fast forward to 2008, and you have started to watch TV shows on Netflix’s new platform.Now, let’s come to the present. You sit down and open up Netflix on your TV and scroll for a while. Then you flip over to Hulu to see if they have anything more interesting to offer. Then you check HBO GO. Finally, you check Disney+. Then you realize that you’re paying for four different streaming services, maybe more.Let’s return to Netflix. More generally, streaming. There are over 100 video streaming services available, as well as quite a few music streaming, including Apple Music, YouTube Music, Google Play, and etc. The streaming world, at least to some, is on its way to getting out of control, with each service requiring its own monthly subscription. And that is just entertainment s ubscriptions. We haven’t even taken into account subscriptions like Microsoft Office, magazine subscriptions, and email newsletters. Subscriptions started out as a service of convenience, but now, theoversaturation may have become burdensome. The services believe customers will pay more to get the content they want. However, statistics show a growing frustration（失望） among consumers. With so many options, they find it harder than ever to make a decision on what to pick.Not only does the oversaturation of streaming result in confusing navigation, it also creates a financial burden for the consumers. Let’s say if you want to watch Stranger Things , The Handmaid’s Tale , and Game of Thrones , which belong to three different services, you would have to pay nearly $50 a month to access all three of those services, meaning it’s not cheaper, and potentially more expensive, than cable.People cut their cords and went the streaming route because it was simpler and cheaper. Now, it’s just as inconvenient and diffi cult as cable was, if not more so, and unless you’re limiting yourself to one service, it’s not cheaper. Streaming will survive because we’re in a Golden Age of Media and because each service is able to create high-quality originals. But Golden Ages don’t last, and bubbles tend to burst. Until the inevitable（不可避免的） day when some product or service proves streaming out of date, we must suffer the choices in front of us. The next time you are scrolling through Netflix, Hulu, or whatever, and the overchoice is killing you, maybe you should just go pick up a book instead.42. What is mainly talked about in the first two paragraphs?A. Social progress has promoted the quality of life in the past decade.B. Changes in home entertainment have brought us more options.C. Technology innovation results in different ways of relaxation.D. Netflix has been developing its service patterns.43. What does the underlined word “oversaturation” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A. The large number of subscriptions.B. The frustration caused by poor service.C. The rapidly developing entertainment market.D. The confusing navigation resulting from streaming.44. According to the passage, streaming services may____.A. enhance user satisfactionB. increase energy consumptionC. raise entertainment costsD. realize the resource sharing45. The author would probably agree that ___.A. the streaming service will have a bright futureB. reading has an advantage over streaming serviceC. there will be some better service to replace streamingD. nothing can end streaming services as long as media exists3、（2020北京房山一模）DSay goodbye to standing in long lines holding boarding passes and other travel documents. Step this way, instead. Look into the camera lens and off you go.Sound convenient? Technology companies working with travel providers and the federal government to install facial recognition systems at airports hope you think so.But privacy advocators don’t want you to become too comfortable. They worry that what we’re willing to accept for convenience today will soften our resistance to the idea of filling public spaces with cameras that can identify us and track our every move.Facial recognition technology came suddenly into modern reality with very few people prepared for it. Facial recognition is a biometric technology that uses distinguishable facial features to identify a person. In many cases, we see it being used by governments and law enforcement agencies—testing its accuracy and value for future purposes.Today, it’s used in a variety of ways from allowing you to unlock your phone, go through security at the airport, purchase products at stores. It checks the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and let people pay for things with a smile. Airports are increasingly adding facial recognition technology to security checkpoints. It’s even said that past foot age of unsolved mysteries would benefit greatly from this technology as it would help identify the criminals of crimes long forgotten.However, there has been a serious clash between the government and citizens in general over the technology’s use cases. At an airport, travelers are requested to present their passports,题from which the software will determine whether the person standing in front of the camera matches the identity. If it matches, then they can get through quickly. However, the surveillance system searches a large database for the face presented to the camera. Editing such a big database, many worry, will inevitably lead to privacy concerns down the road. The biggest drawback for facial recognition technology in most people’s opinions is the threat to an individual’s privacy.Some say that it’s the most powerful tool as they fear for their privacy being invaded almost on a daily basis, while the government tries to push it as something necessary for better civil control and crime prevention. Overall, talks usually boil down to whether facial recognition technology should be banned or if it should be regulated.According to IBM, the banning of facial recognition technology would be a step backward for human scientific advancement. H owever, restricting it within light regulations could yield just as many gains as it would in a “free market”.There are many useful applications of facial recognition technology—both at the consumer level as a matter of security and convenience, and for governments and law enforcement agencies. The challenge is finding the balance between those benefits and the expectation of privacy. Banning facial recognition is not the answer. Regulating it, however, may be necessary to put an acceptable framework of rules around its use.42. With the help of facial recognition, we can .A. purchase products at homeB. figure out unsolved mysteriesC. reduce the number of criminalsD. pass the security at the airport faster43.What does the underlined word “clash” in paragraph 6 probably mean?A. Conflict.B. Crisis.C. Challenge.D. Consequence.44.Facing the use of this technology, citizens .A. have no idea of its benefitB. have already got well-preparedC. worry their information is misusedD. refuse to accept the convenience45.Which point of view may the author agree to?A. Banning facial recognition.B. Debating with the government.C. Maintaining the current situation.D. Regulating facial recognition with rules.4、（2020北京丰台一模）DIf you think about it, work-life balance is a strange ambition for a fulfilling life. Balance is about stasis: if our lives were ever in balance—parents happy, kids taken care of, work working—then our overriding thought would beto shout “Nobody move!” an d pray all would stay perfect forever. This false hope is made worse by the categories themselves. They imply that work is bad, and life is good. And so the challenge, we are told, is to balance the heaviness of work with the lightness of life.Yet work is not the opposite of life. It is instead a part of life—just as family is, as are friends and community. All of these aspects of living have their share of uplifting moments and moments that drag us down. The same is true of work. Treat work the same way you do life: by maximizing what you love.We have interviewed several anesthesiologists (麻醉师) about the thrills they feel in their jobs. One said he loved the thrill of holding each patient hovering at that one precise point between life and death. Another said she loved the bedside conversations before the operation aiming to calm the panic that affects many patients. Another was drawn mostly to the anesthetic mechanism and has devoted himself to defining precisely how each drug does what it does.Think o f your life’s many different activities as threads. Some are black and some are white. But some of these activities appear to be made of a different substance. These activities contain all the tell-tale signs of love: before you do them, you find yourself looking forward to them; while you’re doing them, time speeds up and you find yourself in flow; and after you’ve done them, you feel energetic. These are your red threads, and research by the Mayo Clinic suggests that doctors who weave the fabric of their life with at least 20% red threads are significantly less likely to experience burnout.The simplest way for you to do this is to spend a week in love with your job. During the week, any time you find yourself feeling one of the signs of love write down ex actly what you were doing in the column “Love”. And any time you find yourself feeling the inverse write down what you were doing in the column “Loathe”. By the end of the week you will see a list of activities in your “Love” column, which create in you a positive feeling, one that draws you in and lifts you up.Our goal should be to, little by little, week by week, intentionally unbalance all aspects of our work toward the former and away from the latter. Not simply to make us feel better, but so that our colleagues, our friends and our family can all benefit from us at our very best.42. What is the author’s attitude towards work-life balance?A. Doubtful.B. Disapproving.C. Supportive.D. Neutral.43. The author uses three anesthesiologists as examples to ________.A. prove people benefit from workB. indicate doctors take pride in their workC. show people gain joy from different situationsD. imply doctors reduce the pressure of work successfully44. “Red threads” in Paragraph 4 refer to the ac tivities that ________.A. arouse your passionB. satisfy your desiresC. improve your motivationD. require your efforts45. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Red threads are necessary for a balanced life.B. Recording activities helps create positive feeling.C. Find love in work instead of keeping work-life balance.D. Maximize what you love to remove the heaviness from work.5、（2020北京适应一模）DFor several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things.Stressing successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method—develop a hypothesis ( 假设 ), then design an experiment to test it—isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things.If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science? The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查) of claims. It’s this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults.A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science—the more people looking at a claim from different angles—is important.Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appearparadoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.42. How does the author think of the scientific method?A. Stable.B. Persuasive.C. Unreliable.D. Unrealistic.43．What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Explained.B. Examined.C. Repeated.D. Released.44．According to the passage, the author may agree that .A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claimsB. settled science tends to be collectively overturnedC. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutinyD. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science45．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Put Your Faith in ScienceB. Defend the Truth in ScienceC. Apply Your Mind to ScienceD. Explore A Dynamic Way to Science6、（2020北京海淀一模）DIn college, I was taught an elegant theory of chemical combination based on excess electrons going into holes in the orbital shell of a neighbouring atom. But what about diatomic compounds like oxygen gas? Don't ask; students aren't ready to know. In physics, in biology, in any other science classes, students frequently get that answer too.It's time to trust students to handle doubt and diversity in science. Actually, students are starting to act. They have shamed their seniors into including more diverse contributors as faculty members and role models. Young scholars rudely ask their superiors why they fail to address the extinction crises clarified by their research. The inherited authoritarian political structures of science education are becoming lame-but still remain largely unchanged from the old school days.A narrow, rigid education does not prepare anyone for the complexities of scientific research, applications and policy. If we discourage students from inquiring into the real nature of scientific truths, or exploring how society shapes the questions that researchers ask, how can we prepare them to maintain public trust in science in our "post-truth" world? Diversity and doubt produce creativity; we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought.In science, even foundational building blocks can be questioned. The unifying patterns of the periodic table are now questioned under closer examination. Some scientists now wonder whether the concept of biological "species" contributes more confusion than insight, and whether it should therefore be abandoned. However, such a decision, would affect conservation policy, in which identification of endangered species is crucial-so it is not just an issue for basic science.Science students generally remain unaware that concepts such as elements and species are contested or are even contestable. In school, college and beyond, curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective. Public arguments among scientists often presume that every problem has just one solution.Nonetheless, uncertain advice on complex issues should be a warning that, from a future perspective, today's total scientific consensus on some policy issue might have been the result of stubbornness, a conflict of interest or worse. Just as a healthy democracy accommodates dissent and dissonance, the collective consciousness of science would do well to embrace doubt and diversity. This could start with teaching science as a great, flawed, ongoing human achievement, rather than as a collection of cut-and-dried eternal(永久的)truths.I recall a legendary chemistry professor who was not skillful at getting classroom demonstrations to work-but discussing what went wrong helped his students to thrive. A mathematician friend let pupils discuss every statement in the textbook until all were satisfied. They did very well in exams and taught themselves when he was absent. Treating people at all levels as committed thinkers, whose asking teaches us all, is the key to tackling the challenges to science in the post-trust age.42. The problem of current science training is that .A. students cannot become specialists，，B. it goes against established science educationC. students lose trust in their teachers and professorsD. it fails to provide students with what they need in future43. The periodic table is mentioned to prove that .A. even the widely accepted can be challengedB. students are generally ignorant of scienceC. most previous researches are out of dateD. science has been developing with time44. It can be learnt from the passage that .A. students may be more innovative if they are allowed to doubtB. science students do not contest elements or speciesC. students should not trust established scienceD. diversity prevents progress in science45. Which of the following statements best represents the writer's opinion?A. Our curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective.B. Science should be a collection of cut-and-dried eternal truths.C. Teachers should treat people at all levels as committed thinkers.D. The concept of biological species brings more confusion than insight.7、（2020北京门头沟一模）DWhen I re-entered the full-time work after a decade of running my own business, there was a top thing I was looking forward to: to make friends with the colleagues once again. As a matter of fact, it wasn't until I entered the company that I realized making friends with colleagues wasn’t the first at all. It is developing interpe rsonal relationships at work that is vital, which can not only help overcome a range of problems at work but also promote productivity and the quality of work output.Perhaps my expectations of lunches and chatting with friends were the memory of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. However, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely satisfying without needing to be the best workmates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the very influential Journal of Management, researchers have developed the idea of "indifferent relationships", which is a simple term that summarizes the fact that relationships at work can be less close, unimportant and even replaceable.Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted so far shows they're especially obvious among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over disharmony. Indifference is also the preferred choice among those who are socially lazy and regard maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort.As mentioned above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful way in solving problems at work. Even so, there are proven benefits on indifferent relationship. One of them is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and producing. Another is self-respect. As human beings, we tend to compare ourselves to each other. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more than friends. In the process their strengths can raise the sense of self-worth. The third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships hasbeen found to improve critical thinking, enhance people’s attention to task sol ving, and make it easier to gain valuable information.None of those benefits might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I'll take it anyway.42. What did the author realize when he re-entered the company?A. Building interpersonal relationships was important.B. Making new friends with workmates was not so easy as he had expected.C. Developing positive interpersonal relationships helped him find his place.D. Working in companies requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment.43. Which one belongs to indifferent relationships at work according to the passage？A. Being in conflict with workmates in the office.B. Spending less time chatting and socializing in the office.C. Having deep and meaningful conversations with colleagues.D. Being the best mates with the people sitting next to you in the office.44. What can be one of the benefits of the indifferent relationships?A. They provide fun at work.B. They improve work efficiency.C. They help control emotions at work.D. They help solve problems during work time.45. What’s the author’s attitude towards indifferent relationships?A. Cautious.B. Doubtful.C. Approving.D. Indifferent.8、（2020北京密云一模）DThe latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not I.Q.，a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, it's purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you'd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn't have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She'd be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused.By practising in this way, she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback. viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems——how do I get characters into a room——dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It's the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine; the latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we're "hard-wired" to do. And it's true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.42. The passage mainly deals with .A. the decisive factor in making a geniusB. the relationship between genius and successC. the function of I.Q. in cultivating a writerD. the way of gaining some sense of distinction43 .By reading novels and writers' stories, the girl could .A. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of securityB. join a fascinating circle of writers somedayC. share with a novelist her likes and dislikesD. come to understand the inner structure of writing44. In the girl's long painstaking training process, .A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her successB. she comes to realize she is "hard-wired"' to writeC. she acquires the magic of some great achievement。

2020北京高三英语一模阅读理解D篇汇总带答案精校版

2020高三英语一模阅读D篇汇总2020西城一模DThe Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and—most importantly—tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an “informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. The campaign has included TV and online ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger.While it’s true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and it’s true that eating one isnot as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one adsure sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) in their meal? But the truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, it’s reallynothing compared with salmonella (沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.Also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. Choosing an Impossible or Beyond burger isn’t just about eating healthy. Burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein or processed meat, will never be as healthy as organic raw vegetables.What’s appealing is the prospect of enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste of guilt.Let’s face it, there are huge environmental costs to eating cows. Cattle raising is contributing to climate change, and not just because methane ( 甲烷) from cows and cattle is responsible for about 14.5% of greenhouse gas. More broadly, our global food production system releases more than a third of the world’s greenhouse gases. Yet we can’t seem to control our meat appetite even knowing that large areas of the Amazon forest have been ruined, and continue to be cut down to make room for more cattle to feed the growing demand for beef. Humans also know full well that many animals live short, cruel lives in awful conditions for the purpose of becoming foods for humans to enjoy at dinner.A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smallerclimate footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of those receiving the U.N. Global Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is on guard.42.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A.These ads deserve little consideration.B.We should spread the message of these ads.C.We’d better be cautious when reading these ads.D.These ads tell people a lot about plant-based burgers.43.What do we know about additives and preservatives in plant-based burgers?E.They are likely to cause poisoning.F.Their use is within the normal range.G.Some have not been used in hamburgers.H.They are used to ensure burgers taste good.44.What is the author’s attitude towards plant-based burgers?A. Supportive.B. Neutral.C. Disapproving.D. Doubtful.45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I. B.C. D.I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点)C: Conclusion答案：42．C43．B44．A45．D2020海淀一模DIn college, I was taught an elegant theory of chemical combination based on excess electrons going into holes in the orbital shell of a neighbouring atom. But what about diatomic compounds like oxygen gas? Don't ask; students aren't ready to know. In physics, in biology, in any other science classes, students frequently get that answer too.Ifs time to trust students to handle doubt and diversity in science. Actually, students are starting to act. They have shamed their seniors into including more diverse contributors as faculty members and role models. Young scholars rudely ask their superiors why they fail to address the extinction crises clarified by their research. The inherited authoritarian political structures of science education are becoming lame一but still remain largely unchanged from the old school days.A narrow, rigid education does not prepare anyone f o r the complexities of scientific research, applications and policy. If we discourage students from inquiring into the real nature of scientific truths, or exploring how society shapes the questions that researchers ask, how can we prepare them to maintain public trust in science in our "post-truth” world? Diversity and doubt produce creativity; we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought.In science, even foundational building blocks can be questioned. The unifying patterns of the periodic table are now questioned under closer examination. Some scientists now wonder whether the concept of biological "species" contributes more confusion than insight, and whether it should therefore be abandoned. However, such a decision would affect conservation policy, in which identification of endangered species is crucial---so it is not just an issue for basic science.Science students generally remain unaware that concepts such as elements and species are contested or are even contestable. In school, college and beyond, curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective. Public arguments among scientists often presume that every problem has just one solution.Nonetheless, uncertain advice on complex issues should be a warning that, from a future perspective, today's total scientific consensus on some policy issue might have been the result of stubbornness, a conflict of interest or worse. Just as a healthy democracy accommodatesdissent and dissonance, the collective consciousness of science would do well to embrace doubt and diversity. This could start with teaching science as a great, flawed, ongoing human achievement, rather than as a collection of cut-and-dried eternal （永久的）truths.I recall a legenda r y chemistry professor who was not skilful at getting classroom demonstrations to work--but discussing what went wrong helped his students to thrive. A mathematician friend let pupils discuss every statement in the textbook until all were satisfied. They did well in exams, and taught themselves when he was absent. Treating people at all levels as committed thinkers, whose asking teaches us all, is the key to tackling the challenges to science in the post-trust age.42.The problem of current science training is that.A.students cannot become specialistsB.it goes against established science educationC.students lose trust in their teachers and professorsD.it fails to provide students with what they need in future43.The periodic table is mentioned to prove that.A.even the widely accepted can be challengedB.students are generally ignorant of scienceC.most previous researches are out of dateD.science has been developing with time44.It can be learnt from the passage that.A.students may be more innovative if they are allowed to doubtB.science students do not contest elements or speciesC.students should not trust established scienceD.diversity prevents progress in science45.Which of the following statements best represents the writer’ s opinion?A.Our curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective.B.Science should be a collection of cut-and-dried eternal truths.C.Teachers should treat people at all levels as committed thinkers.D.The concept of biological species brings more confusion than insight.答案：42. D 43. A 44. A 45. C2020朝阳一模DFact or Fiction?Non-fiction can be broken down into many categories. One category is literary non-fiction, which is still based in fact but employs some of the storytelling elements that fiction uses. Literary non-fiction includes a type of autobiography(自传) called memoir. Memoir most often focuses on a certain period of the author’s life. It is, by definition, rooted in truth. Still, people sometimes question whether memoir should be categorized as non-fiction at all.As non-fiction, memoir is intended to be factual. Is this really the case, though, considering memoir relies on human memory? One classic study, led by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, showed how easily an interviewer’s choice of wording can influence an eyewitness’s account of a traffic accident. It is therefore reasonable to wonder whether memoir should continue to be branded as non-fiction.Certainly, human memory can be unreliable. However, a memoir author is undoubtedly writing about significant and impactful life events. Memories of such events are actually morereliable than others. Studies show that the more influential an event is, the more accurately people recall the details. As an emotionally charged event unfolds, the brain activity changes in a way that amplifies small details. This activity helps build a more precise and accurate memory.Of course the brain is not a camera that can “save” any memory with perfect accuracy. But if memoir is questionable due to the imperfections of the human mind, then critics will have to tackle non-fiction more broadly. All writers are using their memories when they create, and moreover, they are relying on the memories of others. Journalists conduct interviews to tell a news story and history writers depend on the accuracy of accounts from long ago. Y et they all rightfully fall under the umbrella of non-fiction.Some people may doubt memoir not because they mistrust human memory, but because they mistrust the author’s morality. Critics may suspect an author of making up events. However, there is no reason to be suspicious of memoir author’s intentions. Writing a factual memoir that appeals to readers has the potential to be profitable for the author, and there is no motivation for a memoir writer to knowingly change or beautify the truth.Looking beyond the author’s own life events, memoir can inform readers about the world in the same way that other non-fiction can. Memoir has a way of relaying facts about anything from an occupation to brief fashion trends, all of it meaningful to the author.42. The author introduces the topic in Paragraph 1 by_.A. illustrating why it is important to talk about memoirB. listing some interesting facts and features of memoirC. defining key terms that are discussed later in the passageD. making a comparison between autobiography and memoir43. What does the underlined word “amplifies” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Collects.B. Ignores.C. Enlarges.D. Absorbs.44. W e can learn from the passage that_.A. critics argue that a news story by a journalist is fictionB. a memoir author’s memory can be influenced by the intervieweesC. memoir can’t show readers facts about what an author experiencedD. emotional moments can cause the creation of more detailed memories45. According to the passage, the author believes.A. the most profitable memoirs are those shown to be the most factualB. many authors are untrustworthy, although many memoirs are fact-basedC. memoir is rightfully categorized under the umbrella of literary non-fictionD. memory is too unreliable for memoir to be considered a type of non-fiction答案：42．C43．D44．D45．C2020丰台一模DIf you think about it, work-life balance is a strange ambition for a fulfilling life. Balance is about stasis: if our lives were ever in balance—parents happy, kids taken care of, work working—then our overriding thought would be to shout “Nobody move!” and pray all would stay perfect forever. This false hope is made worse by the categories themselves. They imply that work is bad, and life is good. And so the challenge, we are told, is to balance the heaviness of work with the lightness of life.Yet work is not the opposite of life. It is instead a part of life—just as family is, as are friends and community. All of these aspects of living have their share of uplifting moments and moments that drag us down. The same is true of work. Treat work the same way you do life: by maximizing what you love.We have interviewed several anesthesiologists (麻醉师) about the thrills they feel in their jobs. One said he loved the thrill of holding each patient hovering at that one precise point between life and death. Another said she loved the bedside conversations before the operation aiming to calm the panic that affects many patients. Another was drawn mostly to the anesthetic mechanism and has devoted himself to defining precisely how each drug does what it does.Think of your life’s many different activities as threads. Some are black and some are white. But some of these activities appear to be made of a different substance. These activities contain all the tell-tale signs of love: before you do them, you find yourself looking forward to them; while you’re doing them, time speeds up and you find yourself in flow; and after you’ve done them, you feel energetic. These are your red threads, and research by the Mayo Clinic suggests that doctors who weave the fabric of their life with at least 20% red threads are significantly less likely to experience burnout.The simplest way for you to do this is to spend a week in love with your job. During the week, any time you find yourself feeling one of the signs of love write down exactly what you were doing in the column “Love”. And any time you find yourself feeling the inverse write down what you were doing in the column “Loathe”. By the end of the week you will see a list of activities in your “Love” column, which create in you a positive feeling, one that draws you in and lifts you up.Our goal should be to, little by little, week by week, intentionally unbalance all aspects of our work toward the former and away from the latter. Not simply to make us feel better, but so that our colleagues, our friends and our family can all benefit from us at our very best.42. What is the author’s attitude towards work-life balance?A. Doubtful.B. Disapproving.C. Supportive.D. Neutral.43. The author uses three anesthesiologists as examples to ________.A. prove people benefit from workB. indicate doctors take pride in their workC. show people gain joy from different situationsD. imply doctors reduce the pressure of work successfully44. “Red threads” in Paragraph 4 refer to the activities that ________.A. arouse your passionB. satisfy your desiresC. improve your motivationD. require your efforts45. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Red threads are necessary for a balanced life.B. Recording activities helps create positive feeling.C. Find love in work instead of keeping work-life balance.D. Maximize what you love to remove the heaviness from work.答案：42. B43. C44. A45. C2020延庆一模DEducators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have his or her own microcomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students?Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to write papers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing on a word processor, most find revising and editing much easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite or re-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less difficult, students are more likely to revise as often as is necessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English courses require the use of a word processor.Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basic skills. Software programs strengthen ESL(English as a Second Language ) instruction, as well as instruction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improve their skills in a language while proceeding at their own pace.Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, for example, botany( 植物学）students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn to interpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics students can complete complex calculations farmore quickly than they could without the use of computer.Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but important to many aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts, marketing, and public relations find that knowledge of computer graphic is important. Education majors learn to develop grading systems using computers, while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their research results.It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A useful tool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.42. The word"literacy" (Line 1,Paragraph 1) means _________.A. the ability to read and writeB. the ability to useC. literatureD. the knowledge of language43. According to the author, a word processor can be used to_________.A. revise papersB. retype papersC. reduce the psychological burden of writing papersD. improve the writing skills of a student44. According to the author, the reason for students to go to college is _________.A. to learn somethingB. to perfect themselvesC. to improve computer skillsD. to make the best use of computers45. The main purpose of this passage is to _________.A. persuade the educators to increase computer use in their own classroomB. analyze advantages and disadvantages of computer use among college studentsC. identify some of the ways that computers benefit college studentsD. describe how computers can be used to teach foreign languages答案：42. B 43.A 44. A 45.C2020门头沟一模DWhen I re-entered the full-time work after a decade of running my own business, there was a top thing I was looking forward to: to make friends with the colleagues once again. As a matter of fact, it wasn't until I entered the company that I realized making friends with colleagues wasn’t the first at all. It is developing interpersonal relationships at work that is vital, which can not only help overcome a range of problems at work but also promote productivity and the quality of work output.Perhaps my expectations of lunches and chatting with friends were the memory of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. However, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely satisfying without needing to be the best workmates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the very influential Journal of Management, researchers have developed the idea of "indifferent relationships", which is a simple term that summarizes the fact that relationships at work can be less close, unimportant and even replaceable.Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted so far shows they're especially obvious among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over disharmony. Indifference is also the preferred choice among those who are sociallylazy and regard maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort.As mentioned above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful way in solving problems at work. Even so, there are proven benefits on indifferent relationship. One of them is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and producing. Another is self-respect. As human beings, we tend to compare ourselves to each other. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more than friends. In the process their strengths can raise the sense of self-worth. The third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships has been found to improve critical thinking, enhance people’s attention to task solving, and make it easier to gain valuable information.None of those benefits might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I'll take it anyway.42. What did the author realize when he re-entered the company?A. Building interpersonal relationships was important.B. Making new friends with workmates was not so easy as he had expected.C. Developing positive interpersonal relationships helped him find his place.D. Working in companies requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment.43. Which one belongs to indifferent relationships at work according to the passage？A. Being in conflict with workmates in the office.B. Spending less time chatting and socializing in the office.C. Having deep and meaningful conversations with colleagues.D. Being the best mates with the people sitting next to you in the office.44. What can be one of the benefits of the indifferent relationships?A. They provide fun at work.B. They improve work efficiency.C. They help control emotions at work.D. They help solve problems during work time.45. What’s the author’s attitude towards indifferent relationships?A. Cautious.B. Doubtful.C. Approving.D. Indifferent.答案：42．A 43．B 44．B 45．C2020密云一模DThe latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not I.Q.，a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, it's purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you'd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn't have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She'd be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused.By practising in this way, she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback. viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems——how do I get characters into a room——dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It's the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine; the latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we're "hard-wired" to do. And it's true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.42. The passage mainly deals with.A. the decisive factor in making a geniusB. the relationship between genius and successC. the function of I.Q. in cultivating a writerD. the way of gaining some sense of distinction43 .By reading novels and writers' stories, the girl could.A. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of securityB. join a fascinating circle of writers somedayC. share with a novelist her likes and dislikesD. come to understand the inner structure of writing44. In the girl's long painstaking training process,.A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her successB. she comes to realize she is "hard-wired"' to writeC. she acquires the magic of some great achievementD. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance45. What can be concluded from the passage?A. A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one's success.B. A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.C .What really-matters is what you do rather than who you are.D.As to the growth of a genius. I.Q. doesn't matter. but just his/her effort.答案：42-45 ADDC2020平谷一模DAI can identify rare genetic disordersPeople with genetic syndromes(基因遗传综合症) sometimes have revealing facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky when there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural(神经的) network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt(形态) — or overall impression of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labeled to correspond to more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photographs of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time.Gurovich and his team also tested the AI’ s ability to distinguish between different genetic mutations (突变) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used images of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in one of five genes. DeepGestalt accurately identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time.“It’ s clearly not perfect,” says Gurovich. “But it’ s still much better than humans are at tryingto do this. ”As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions of privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people with a high probability of having certain disorders.However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available to doctors. Christoffer Nellaker at the University of Oxford says this technique could bring significant benefits for those with genetic syndromes.“This is not fundamentally different information than we’ re sharing walking down the street, or we’ re happy to share with Facebook or Google,” he says. “But questioning the data in this way means you can obtain information about health or disease status. ”“The real value here is that for some of these extreme rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers,” he says.。

2020年新高考1卷阅读理解d篇

2020年新高考1卷阅读理解d篇1. 介绍2020年的新高考即将到来，对于参加高考的考生来说，阅读理解是其中一项重要的考试内容。

在新高考中，阅读理解的篇目不仅涉及到对文章内容的理解，还需要考生们具备一定的批判性思维和分析能力。

本篇文章将就2020年新高考1卷阅读理解d篇进行解读和分析。

2. 阅读理解题目内容题目描述了关于生活方式改变对工作和生活质量的影响。

文章大意是随着生活方式的改变，人们的工作和生活质量也会相应地发生变化。

并且，在不同的生活方式下，人们的体验和感受也会有所不同。

3. 文章结构和内容分析文章通过描述生活方式的不同选择对工作和生活质量产生的影响，引出了这一主题。

通过具体的例子和实证分析，论证了不同生活方式对于个人工作和生活质量的具体影响。

文章提出了作者对于这一现象的看法和建议，强调了适合自己的生活方式对于工作和生活质量的重要性。

4. 解题技巧和答题要点在阅读理解题目中，考生们需要注意以下几个方面：(1) 细节理解：注意文章中对于不同生活方式的描述和对应的影响。

(2) 主旨概括：把握文章的主题和结构，理清文章的逻辑思路和脉络。

(3) 批判性思维：思考不同生活方式对于工作和生活质量的影响，发表自己的见解和看法。

(4) 分析能力：对于文章中的例子和论证进行深入分析，从中获取启发和经验。

5. 总结2020年新高考1卷阅读理解d篇涉及到了生活方式对于个人工作和生活质量的影响，考生在备考时需要注重对于文章的细节和主旨的理解，具备批判性思维和分析能力，从而顺利应对考试。

只有在平时多加练习和提高自己的阅读理解能力，才能在考试中获得优异的成绩。

希望考生们能够认真对待阅读理解的备考，取得令人满意的成绩。

2020年新高考1卷阅读理解d篇6. 阅读理解的重要性阅读理解在高考中占据着重要的地位。

它不仅仅是对文章内容的理解，更需要考生们具备批判性思维和分析能力。

通过阅读理解题目，考生需要理解文章的主旨，把握文章的逻辑结构，推敲作者的观点和意图。

2020年高考英语阅读理解D原文、译文、长难句解析及答案详解

2020年高考英语阅读理解D原文、译文、长难句解析及答案详解第一部分，阅读理解D原文和译文：DThe connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.人类与植物之间的联系长期以来一直是科学研究的主题。

最新研究发现了二者之间一些积极的影响。

例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦市进行的一项研究发现：城市绿化更好的区域犯罪率更低。

在另一项研究中，当员工们的工作场所装饰有室内盆栽植物时，他们的工作效率会提升15%。

The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.麻省理工学院的工程师们对此研究更进了一步。

2020届高三英语专项训练——阅读理解D篇(全国一卷)(个人整理)(1)

2020届高三英语专项训练——阅读理解 D 篇A new study shows that rising levels of planet-warming gases may reduce important nutrients in food crops.Researchers studied the effects of one such ga—s carbon dioxide—on rice. The researchers grew rice plants in a controlled environment. They set carbon dioxide levelsto what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century. They foundthat the resulting rice crops had lower than normal levels of vitamins, minerals and protein. The researcherss aid the effects of planet-warming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets, they noted.In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They pumped carbon dioxide gas over the plants in an effort to create the atmosphere of the future. Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein. The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zin（c 锌）an rice grown under normalconditions.However,vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average.The results are bad news, “ especiallyf or the nutrition of the poorer population in less-developed countries, s”aid the University of Tokyo' sK azuhiko Kobayashi, who helped to write the report. That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia, the report said.One of the scientists is Sam Myers of Harvard University in the American state of Massachusetts. He said that findings like this are an example of the surprises climate change create. My“ concern is there are many more surprises to com,e”he said.Myers noted that pollution, loss of some species, destruction of forests, and other human activities are likely to produce unexpected problems. He said that you cannot completely change all the natural systems that living organisms have grown to depend on over millions of years without having effects come back to affect our own health.The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change. One way, Kobayashi said, is grow different forms of rice that have shown to be more resistant tohighercarbon dioxide levels.32.Which county would be influenced most by planet-warming gases according to the text?A.ChinaB. MyanmarC. AmericaD. Britain33.How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?A.By comparison.B. By giving examples.C. By analyzing causes.D. By describing a process.34.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?A.Climate change will be difficult to predict.B.Climate change will lead to more good effects.C.Climate change will be harmful to environment.D.Climate change will cause more unexpected problems.35.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A.Myerssaid we could change all the natural systems for the sake of our health.B.The poorest people in all the least developed countries would be influenced most.C.The researchers grew 18 kinds of rice in China and Japan in a controlledenvironment.D.Protein in rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions is increased by 10percent. BADCPlants are boring. They just sit there （光合作用）while animals have all the fun. Right? Not so much. A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants. The ant and plant co-evolution（协同进化）started with ants feeding on plants and plants evolving ant-friendly features.Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use. Someplants have evolved features that persuade ants into defending them from attack from other insects and even mа mmа l?. Тhе?е ?n сlud е hollow thorns that аnt? willlive ?n??琼d浆）оеn ,l oеr аеvех ?tr a nor stems for the ants to eat. Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, butsome will stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds. The ant will pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed - often in a nutrient-rich area where it'll grow better, and since it's farther away from its parent, they won't have to compete for resources.But scientists weren't sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started. If evolution is an arms race between species developing ways to make use of their neighbors, then scientists wanted to know whether plants or ants fired the first shot. It was a chicken-and-egg question, whether things started with ants developing behaviors to take advantage of plants, or plants evolving structures to take advantage of ants.The history of ants and plants evolving together goes back to the time of the dinosaurs, and it's not easy to tell from fossils who fired the first shot. However, it is a question of little significance. Scientists say their study maters because it provides a look at how these widespread and complex interactions evolved.32．Some plants attach food packets to their seeds in order to.A ．reward the ants B．get the seeds moved aroundC．make a fool of ants D．provide nutrition for the seeds33．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?A ．How plants and ants interact.B．What ants do to protect plants.C．How plants and ants survive attacks.D．Why plants and ants need co-evolution.34．Which is true about the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants?A ．Ants depended more upon plants.B．It caused a race for better evolution.C．How it got started was uncertain.D．It was of little value for future studies.35．What's the author ' s purpose of writinpga stshaeg e?A ．To introduce a science research method.B．To inform readers of a latest research findingC．To arouse readers' interest in science research.D．To criticize people's traditional views about plants.BACBAn experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIS has successfully casta net around a dummy （仿真的） satellite, imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space.Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit, the result of 50 years of spacetravel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bitof paint crashing with a satellite can cause critical damage.Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area.The RemoveDEBRISexperiment is run by a company and researchersl ed by the U. K. ' s Surrey Space Center and includes Airbus,Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and France ' sArianeGroup.Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Center, said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the deb ris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long.The RemoveDEBRIS satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation features that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris.Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said the successof this week' se xperiment was exciting, but he cautioned against “ o-v er publicizing ” it.There are still enormous barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks are underway, he said, and the most discouraging is figuring out how to fund such projects.Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said “ The challenge will lie in persuading the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks. ” Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targetingthe largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.32.What is the use of theR emoveDEBRIS satellite?A.Demonstrating space technology.B.Imitating a developing technique.C.Collecting wastes existing in space.D. Symbolizing great progress in space.33.How does the RemoveDEBRlSs atellite work?A.By throwing a net to take the junk from orbit.B.By fastening it to the main satellite tightly.C.By dragging satellites up to 10 meters long.D.By targeting large pieces of junk carefully.34.What does the underlined word sponsor”“ in the last paragraph probably mean?A.Accomplish.B. Support.C. Oppose.D. Provide.35.What 's the best title for the text?A.The RemoveDEBRISP roject Is PerfectB.How RemoveDEBRISI s Invented in the LabC.Why the RemoveDEBRISS atellite Is InventedD.Satellite Collects Space Junk for the First TimeCABD（四）China ' s cancer researcher Zhu Chen, together with two French researchers Anne Dejean and Hugues de The, received Sjoberg Prize 2018 in Stockholm Concert Hall, Sweden on Friday.“We used wisdom from both Chinese and Western medicine and offered a cure for one of the most deadly cancers, C”h en told Xinhua, “If eel that Chinese medicine has the potential to contribute more to human health. There are no borders in medicine, because it struggles for benefiting all mankind. It 's a language of peace, and of development and progress.the cooperation with the two French researchers for over 30 years.This year 's Sjoberg winners have developed a new and targeted treatment for a specific form of blood cancer called acute promyelocytic leukaemia （急性早幼粒白血病）. It was once one of the most deadly forms of cancer, but it is now possible to cure nine out of ten patients who receive thenew treatment. The winners have made this revolutionary development possible bymethodically mapping the molecular mechanisms responsible for the disease.The prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and is funded by theSjoberg Foundation. The foundation, with a donation of 2.5 billion US dollars, was founded in 2016, and serves to promote scientific research that focuses on cancer, health and the environment.The prize is an annual international prize in cancer research awarded to individual researchers or research groups. The prize amounts to one million US dollars, of which100,000 US dollars is the prize sum and 900,000 US dollars is funding for future research.32. Why was Zhu Chen awarded Sjoberg Prize?A. For the research into a language.B. For the promotion of Chinese medicine.C. For the treatment for a once fatal cancer.D. For the cooperation with French researchers.33. What can we know about the Sjoberg Foundation?C. Great Contributions to Human HealthD. Chinese Scientist Receiving Sjoberg Prize CABD（五）Few people, these days would disagree with the theory that it's vital to take time for yourself. Creating some space for enjoyment and restoration each day or atleast every week, is a win- winproposal: it 'll make you both happier and more effective in fulfilling your responsibilitiesat work andhome. In practice, itrarely happens, though. For some, that's because deep down A. It funds research in certain fields.C. It donates 2.5 million US dollars.34. W hat can the text beclassified as?A. A biography.B. It favors individualresearchers. D. It awards the prizeannually.B. A news report. D. An advertisement.they feet they don'tdeserve it. For others, it's simply that busy life makes it seem impossible to press pause. Either way,making sure you actually get a. moment to yourself requires a shift in perspective.Don't wait until it feels right. It's unpleasant to have unfinished tasks bothering at your mind, soit's tempting to tell yourself you'll only relax once everything is under control. But since both workand family life generate an infinite number of to-dos, that strategy is doomed to failure. Astime-management writer Laura Vanderkarn points out, it's far more useful to learn to tolerate thediscomfort of knowing your email inbox is filling up, or that the living room is still a pigsty. Choose true enjoyment. It's all too easy to fill `me time' with things you think you should enjoy,above all exercise. If you genuinely love such activities, they're perfect. But if the truth is that youdon't, you'll only get resentful: we rebel against being told what to do, even when the person doingthe tellingis ourselves. Make sure at least a small part of your week is spent doing something you canhonestly say you enjoy for itself.Pay attention to good feelings. Once you do get some restorative time, borrow a Buddhist technique for making it count: when you realize you're enjoying yourself, spend half a minuteconsciously paying attention to the feelings of pleasure. For one thing, you'll often find that thosefeelings increase as a result. For another, you'll encode the memory of the experience in more detailso, looking back, it'll feel like you had even more time to yourself.32.Why is it hard for some people to find time for themselves practically?A. They think they aren't worth itB. They have a lot of pressure.C.They are in financial trouble.D. They can't spare any time33.Which of the following is acceptable according to Paragraph two?A. Never put off what you should do.B. Take a rest when it's time toC.Relax yourself with all work done.D. Put up with others' shortcomings.34.Which is the closest to "resentful" in paragraph three?A. pleased.B. relaxed.C. relieved.D. annoyed.35.What is best title of the passage?A. Learn to Manage TimeB. Find Time for YourselfC. Squeeze Time to ExerciseD. Strengthen Time ConsciousnessABDB。

2020届高三英语专项训练——阅读理解B篇(全国一卷)

2020届高三英语专项训练——阅读理解B篇（一）We’ve all had cases where we’ve waited just a bit too long to pay an electric bill or speeding ticket. But one man, from California by reasonable assumption, who goes by “Dave”, recently took procrastination (拖延) one step further, by paying a parking ticket almost a half-century after it was given.In December 2018, the Minersville Police Department in Pennsylvania received a letter in the mail. Whoever wrote the letter decided it was best to keep his name somewhat unknown, so he put the return address as “Wayward Road, Anytown California” under the name “Feeling guilty”.When the officers opened the envelope, they found a brief letter, along with a $5 bill, and a parking ticket dating all the way back to 1974. The note read, “Dear PD, I’ve been carrying this ticket around for 40 plus years always intending to pay. Forgive me if I don’t give you my info. With respect, Dave.”Even though the initial parking ticket was only for $2, “Dave” must have felt awfully guilty because he left 150 percent, or $3, in interest.Michael Combs, the Police Chief of the Minersville Police Department, stated in an interview that the same ticket would cost about $20 if it were given today. Combs went on to share that the original ticket from 1974 was given to a vehicle that had an Ohio license plate.Because there was no system for tracking tickets given to out-of-state cars back then, “Dave” could have gotten away with never paying the $2 fine. But apparently, guilt got the best of him, and he decided to finally cough up the money more than 40 years past its due date.24. How much do we know about “Dave”?A. He lives in Wayward Road, Anytown California.B. The police are trying to find out more about him.C. His car probably came from Ohio at that time.D. “Dave” is of course the man’s real name indeed.25. Why didn’t “Dave” pay for the parking ticket until recently?A. He completely forgot about it in the past 44 years.B. He didn’t find it until almost half a century later.C. He failed to find out who he should pay the money to.D. He didn’t pay for it just because of procrastination.26. What drove “Dave” to pay for the parking ticket at last?A. A strong sense of guilt.B. Fear of being tracked by the police.C. Worry about being fined more.D. Sudden change of his financial situation.27. Which of the following can be the best title?A. Police Chief of the Minersville Police Department Shares a StoryB. Mysterious Procrastinator Finally Pays 44-Year-Old Parking TicketC. Unusual Letter Comes from Wayward Road, Anytown CaliforniaD. Parking Ticket Carried Around for Almost Half a Century from Ohio（二）In the past, westerners were not familiar with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), but now it is becoming globally popular. According to a government report, TCM has been introduced into183 countries and regions around the world.However, westerners only have a little knowledge of TCM. Their understanding of TCM may be limited toacupuncture (针灸), cupping and massage (按摩). For instance, the purple,injury-like marks left on a U.S. famous swimmer’s back from cupping to relax his muscles and reduce pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.In fact, Chinese herbs (药草) play a more important role in curing diseases and keeping thebody in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. Therefore, it is disappointing to know that although 103 world Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM is much less popular than Western medicine partly due to the slow development of Chinese herbs.Herbs can be made into pills, powder and soup. The kind of herbs used, their quality, quantity and the processing together determine the effectiveness of the prescription (处方). Compared withWestern medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods,TCM lacks standardization. The chemical composition and functions of its medicine are still unclear and their effects are unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades and a number of factories are increasingly producing patented TCM drugs.Another reason why TCM prescription drugs have developed slowly is that it lacks creativity. While W estern medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicine according to prescriptions handed down from the past. That Chinese chemist Tu Yoyo won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her researchinto malaria (痢疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China’s TCM industry.However, Rome was not built in a day. The current situation cannot be changed within a short time.24. What does the example of an American swimmer in Paragraph 2 show?A.Westerners know a little about TCM.B. Cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment.C. He was injured in his swimming.D. TCM is very popular among westerners.25. Why don’t some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine?A. Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases.B. They only approve the practice of acupuncture.C. Western medicine is more effective.D. Medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly.26. How does the writer feel about the future of TCM?A. Anxious.B. Negative.C. Optimistic.D. Disappointed.27. What is the best title of the passage?A. The Effectiveness of TCM.B. The Barriers to TCM’s Development.C. The Weakness of TCM.D. The Future of TCM.（三）Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he would not live. His mother was told that he was su re to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body. Even if he were to sur vive, he would be lame throughout his life.But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame. Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just hung there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk was unshakable. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass,dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence, firmly determined. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then to walk by himself and then to run.He began to walk to school, and then run to school, to run for the joy of running. Later in college he was on the track team.In February 1934, in New York City’s Madison Square G arden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run—this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world’s fastest mile.A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith i n one’s self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be a spark for many, and his story, a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled against one, to the degree that death seemed the preferable option.24. What was the doctor’s opinion about Glenn?A. Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.B. Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.C. There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.D. Glenn could live a normal life with the upper half of his body.25. What do we know about Glenn?A. Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital.B. Glenn inspired people with his moving story.C. Glenn won the first place in Marathon.D. Glenn organized a track team in college.26. What does the underlined word “spark” me an?A. Inspiration.B. Creation.C. Intention.D. Determination.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Strengthen DeterminationB. Stand up after FailureC. Go after DreamsD. Face Difficulty Bravely（四）We’ve all had cases where we’ve waited just a bit too long to pay an electric bill or speeding ticket. But one man, from California by reasonable assumption, who goes by “Dave”, recently took procrastination (拖延) one step further, by paying a parking ticket almost a half-century after it was given.In December 2018, the Minersville Police Department in Pennsylvania received a letter in the mail. Whoever wrote the letter decided it was best to keep his name somewhat unknown, so he put the return address as “Wayward Road, Anytown California” under the name “Feeling guilty”.When the officers opened the envelope, they found a brief letter, along with a $5 bill, and a parking ticket dating all the way back to 1974. The note read, “Dear PD, I’ve been carrying this ticket around for 40 plus years always intending to pay. Forgive me if I don’t give you my info. With respect, Dave.”Even though the initial parking ticket was only for $2, “Dave” must have felt awfully guilty because he left 150 percent, or $3, in interest.Michael Combs, the Police Chief of the Minersville Police Department, stated in an interview that the same ticket would cost about $20 if it were given today. Combs went on to share that the original ticket from 1974 was given to a vehicle that had an Ohio license plate.Because there was no system for tracking tickets given to out-of-state cars back then, “Dave” could have gotten away with never paying the $2 fine. But apparently, guilt got the best of him, and he decided to finally cough up the money more than 40 years past its due date.24. How much do we know about “Dave”?A. He lives in Wayward Road, Anytown California.B. The police are trying to find out more about him.C. His car probably came from Ohio at that time.D. “Dave” is of course the man’s real name indeed.25. Why didn’t “Dave” pay for the parking ticket until recently?A. He completely forgot about it in the past 44 years.B. He didn’t find it until almost half a century later.C. He failed to find out who he should pay the money to.D. He didn’t p ay for it just because of procrastination.26. What drove “Dave” to pay for the parking ticket at last?A. A strong sense of guilt.B. Fear of being tracked by the police.C. Worry about being fined more.D. Sudden change of his financial situation.27. Which of the following can be the best title?A. Police Chief of the Minersville Police Department Shares a StoryB. Mysterious Procrastinator Finally Pays 44-Year-Old Parking TicketC. Unusual Letter Comes from Wayward Road, Anytown CaliforniaD. Parking Ticket Carried Around for Almost Half a Century from Ohio（五）A few weeks ago, I called an Uber to take me to the Boston airport for a flight home for the holidays. As I slid into the back seat of the car, the warm intonations(语调) of the driver’s accent washed over me in a familiar way.I learned that he was a recent West African immigrant with a few young children, working hard to provide for his family. I could relate: I am the daughter of two Ethiopian immigrants who made their share of sacrifices to ensure my success. I told him I was on a college break and headed home to visit my parents. That’s how he found out I go to Harvard. An approving eye glinted at me in the rearview window, and quickly, we crossed the boundaries of rider and driver.I became his daughter, all grown up — the product of his sacrifice.And then came the fateful(致命的) question: “What do you study?” I answered “history and literature” and the pride in his voice faded, as I knew it might. I didn’t even get to add “and African-Ameri can studies” before he cut in, his voice thick with disappointment, “All that work to get into Harvard, and you study history?”Here I was, his daughter, squandering the biggest opportunity of her life. He went on to deliver the age-old lecture that all immigrant kids know. We are to become doctors (or lawyers, if our parents are being generous) — to make money and send money back home. The unspoken demand, made across generations, which my Uber driver laid out plainly, is simple: Fulfill your role in the narrative(故事) of upward mobility so your children can do the same.I used to feel anxious and backed into a corner by the questioning, but now as a junior in college, I’m grateful for their support more than anything. This holiday season, I’ve promised my self I won’t huff and get annoyed at their inquiries. I won’t defensively respond with “but I plan to go to law school!” when I get unrequested advice. I’ll just smile and nod, and enjoy the warmth of the occasion.24. What disappointed the driver?A. The author’s majors in history and literature.B. The school that the author is attending.C. The author’s attitude towards him.D. The author’s interests in African American studies.25. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “squandering” in Paragraph 4?A. creatingB. wastingC. valuingD. seizing26. Why are immigrant kids expected to be doctors or lawyers?A. They are very smart in general.B. Their parents are high achieving as well.C. They have more opportunities.D. Their parents want them to move upward in society.27. How did the author react to the driver’s questioning?A. Getting upset.B. Feeling satisfied.C. Appreciating his concern.D. Defending herself.（六）I have three kids and a great husband and I’m enjoying a career that I find challenging and fun. To the outside world, this feels like “success.” But there is still a voice in my heart asking if thisis who I truly am. Only in silence do I hear the self and wonder who that person might be.So I booked a trip to find out. I travelled, for the first time, without my husband or kids. I went to Iceland with a friend, who shares an appreciation for wilderness and silence.For six days, we were immersed(沉浸)in wild, raw scenery and real weather — allkinds of weather. Climbing a mountain against rain and returning to a tent for a simple meal reminds you how little you actually need. And how strong it feels to be uncomfortable sometimes.I found silence in Iceland, and time to consider the me outside of career and the me outside of kinds as I shared stories with strangers.When I stopped talking and just listened, I became more generous. I learned that choosing to be generous can create more space, more food and more warmth.But I didn’t really gain a ny better appreciation of what I want from life or my job. I suspect the anxiety that drove me to seek silence in Iceland was losing sight of my ability to choose gratitude and joy, and to be present in the challenges I set in my career and my family.I came home to noise, rush and love, with no less confusion on who I want to be. I know the answer isn’t waiting out there on the top of a mountain in Iceland. The answer is in front of me with every step on my own life’s path, and in every choice I make.24. Why did the author take a trip to Iceland?A. To gain a new experience.B. To enjoy family happiness.C. To appreciate natural beauty.D. To better understand herself.25. What do we learn about the author’s trip?A. Exciting.B. Difficult.C. Relaxing.D. Adventurous.26. What change happened to the author?A. She felt lonelier.B. She felt more anxious.C. She became more confident.D. She became more caring.27. What will the author do in the future?A. Go back to nature.B. Face reality bravely.C. Travel to Iceland more often.D. Pay less attention to her feelings.（七）In the U. S. state of Washington, a road called Interstate90 cuts through a wild mountainous area to reach the city of Seattle. For the area's many kinds of animals, the busy highway greatly limits their movements. Animals need to move to find food,to find mates and to find new places to live. Crossing I-90 as the road is called is a risky but sometimes necessary act. But soon, animals will have a safer choice.To help the animals, the state is finishing work on its largest-ever wildlife bridge.The 11-meter-tall,20-meter-wide bridge begins in the forest. Workers are adding fencing anti-plants to help guide the animals across the bridge. The I-90 bridge is part of a growing number of wildlife crossings across the United States. Some are fences,some are overland bridges, and some are underpasses. They all aim to keep drivers and animals away from each other.A U.S. Transportation Department study found crashes between animals and humans rose year by year. The accidents made up about 5 percent of all crashes nationally,and cost the economy about $8 billion. Such costs come from car repaid,emergency room visits and removalofthe deadanimalson roads. Collisions between animals and drivers are rarely deadly to people. But they are oftendeadly towildlife. The study also found that 21 endangered or threatened species in the U.S. are affected by vehicle hits.Patty Garvey Darda of the U. S. Forest Service says the $6-million bridge will one day pay for itself because the highway will not have tobefullyorpartly closed each time a largeanimalis struck.“If you shut down Interstate 90, you shut down interstate trade.” she adds.24. Why is moving across highways necessary for animals?A. To survive.B. To find food.C. To follow their habit.D. To free their movements.25. What are those wildlife crossings in the U.S. built for?A. Avoiding human deaths.B. Preventing car accidents.C. Increasing interstate trade.D. Protecting wild animals.26. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?A. Highlight the harm caused by car accidents.B. Show the costs related to car-animal crashes.C. Explain the necessity of wildlife crossings.D. Present the urgency to protect wild species.27. What is Darda’sattitude towards the building of I-90?A. Opposed.B. Concerned.C. Favorable.D. Indifferent.（八）Memes(表情包）have taken the Internet by storm as a new form of comedy, or even a new art form. So what exactly are memes? According to Wikipedia, a meme is an idea, behavior, or style that spreads from person to person within a culture often with the aim of conveying a particular phenomenon，theme or meaning.The word meme was created by British biologist Richard Dawkins in his 1976 book The Selfish dene where he put forth t he theory. According to Dawkins, memes are very likely to spreading and copying, but only the quality ones become successful and keep spreading to eventually reach a well-received status where the lessei ones die out. You can make a choice to use them purely for laughs or to make a political message and even both at the same time.In the early Internet days, the memes were spread on person to person basis. As the Internet developed, its interactive nature allowed people worldwide to participate in the craze. This gave rise to early Internet memes like The Humpsterdance Song, and so memes began spreading through Internet forums, meme-special- ized websites and social media like Facebook, Myspace, etc. Soon they began being used as a commercial form of mass marketing and publicity (宣传）spreading.Then programmers started making meme generators.By comoaring many online meme generators,we found out Filmora to be the best one.This has so many cool features. And the best thing,you can easily gen-erate meme without any kind of login process.Just come to Filmora website,select the image,gif or video from which you want to create a meme, and addd the effectsand text easy as eating ice cream, So happy being!24. According to Dawkins, what monies can pet popular?A. Memes of fine quality.B. Memes withC. Memes containing plain fun.D. Memes with25. What can he inferred from the third paragraph?A.Memes are closely linked to the Internet.B.Memes were spread on person to person basin.C.People around the world were fond of the trend.D. Memes are basically used for commercial purposes,26. What makes Filmora stand out from the rest?A.It has a wide range of coolest fealures.B. It has easier access tu eating ice cream.C.It allows the user to add personal effects.D.It needs no requirenients to sign up at all.27. For what purpose is the text written?A. To exchange ideas with meme lovers.B. B. To introduce the techniques of memes.C. To inform readers of some facts of memes.D. To offer tips on creating one's own memes.（九）I attended a writer’s group to get feedback on my book. But there were so many people there that the discussion was limited. After getting home, my 13-year-old son asked me to read one chapter to him. So I read the chapter about spending my pocket money as a nine-year-old child.The story took place at a lunch counter, where I dreamed of ordering a banana split. Colorful balloons were hung above the counter and a sign said “Pop a balloon and pay 1 cent to 63 cents for a banana split!” As I was given only 50 cents for cleaning the doghouse, I didn’t dare to ask my parents for any more pocket money without doing more work or risk asking anyone else. So I kept my wish to myself.Frankie listened carefully, as I read the final sentences of the chapter, “I watched as othersselected a balloon to pop and dreamed about the opportunity to take my chance. But it never happened.”The next morning, Frankie led me to the kitchen. I couldn’t believe my eyes. The table was covered in a pile of balloons. Frankie handed me 50 cents and a fork. “Pop one!” he urged. With tears in my eyes, I broke one. A piece of paper fell out of the balloon.“What does it say?” Frankie asked. “Fifty cents,” I whispered, too moved to speak loudly. Frankie asked, “Well, do you have 50 cents?” I handed him the money. “OK!” Then Frankie pulled out a banana split from the refrigerator.I hugged Frankie hard. We took turns popping the other balloons until I finally got the 1-cent balloon. It was a long-time coming, but worth the wait.It hit me that the first step in making any wish come true is giving it a voice.24．The author read the chapter to Frankie because .A．she wanted to get feedback from FrankieB．Frankie asked the author to read it to himC．Frankie had a strong desire for knowledge.D．she was used to telling a bedtime story to him25．What can we infer about the author from the second paragraph?A．She spent money wisely when she was a kid.B．She had enough money to do whatever she liked.C．She had no close friends to share her secret wish.D．She earned her pocket money by doing housework.26．Seeing what Frankie did for her, the author felt .A．puzzled and excited B．comfortable and happyC．surprised and grateful D．awkward and satisfied27．The author learned that .A．it is comforting to have a kid aroundB．it is important to express one’s wis hesC．wishes can come true by just voicing themD．experiences in childhood affect us later in life（十）I once met a well-known botanist at a dinner party. I had never talked with a botanist before, and I found him very interesting. I sat there absorbed and listened while he spoke of unusual plants and his experiments (he even told me astonishing facts about the simple potato). I had a small indoor garden of my own—and he was good enough to tell me how to solve some of my problems.As I said, we were at a dinner party. There must have been a dozen other guests, but I broke an important rule of politeness. I ignored everyone else and talked for hours to the botanist.Midnight came. I said good night to everyone and departed. The botanist then turned to our host and said many nice things about me, including that I was a “most interesting conversationalist”.An interesting conversationalist? I had said hardly anything at all. I couldn’t have said anything if I had wanted to without changing the subject, fo r I didn’t know any more about plants than I knew about sharks. But I had done this one thing; I had listened carefully. I listened because I was really interested. And he felt it. Naturally that pleased him. That kind of listening is one of the best ways to show respect to others, and it makes them feel great too. “Few human beings,” wrote Jack Woodford in Strangers in Love, “can resist the sweet effect of rapt attention.”I went even further than that. I was “sincere in my admiration and generous in my praise”. I told him that I had been hugely entertained and instructed. I told him I wished I had his knowledge.I told him that I should love to wander the fields with him. What’s more, it was all true.And so I had him thinking of me as a good conversationalist when, in reality, I had only been a good listener and had encouraged him to talk.24. From Paragraph 1, we can learn that the writer__________.A. was deeply moved by the botanist’s talkB. was amazed by what he was hearingC. was not in a comfortable situationD. behaved politely and properly25. Which of the following does the writer describe as a rule of politeness at dinner parties?A. Avoiding discussions about politics and religion.B. Listening carefully to what another guest says.C. Arriving and leaving at the appropriate time.D. Giving attention to all those in attendance.26. The underlined expression “rapt attention” in Paragraph 4 is closest in the meaning to__________.A. full understandingB. strong interestC. great uncertaintyD. little curiosity27. According to the writer, which of the following is an important characteristic of a goodconversationalist?A. Listening attentively and encouraging the other side to continue.B. Encouraging the other side by sharing his/her own opinions.C. Promising a future meeting for more communication.D. Expressing respect by nodding his/her head.。

2020英语高考卷(全国卷I)含答案

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

ATrain In formatio nAll customers travelli ng on TransLink services must be in possessi on of a valid ticket before board ing. For ticket information ，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled ，there can be no guarantee of conn ecti ons betwee n trains or betwee n train services and bus services.Lost property （失物招领）Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 duri ng bus in ess hours for items lost on Quee nsla nd Rail services.The lost property office is ope n Mon day to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located （位于）at Roma Street statio n.Public holidaysOn public holidays, gen erally a Sun day timetable operates. On certa in major event days ，i.e.Australia Day, An zac Day, sport ing and cultural days, special additi onal services may operate.Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable ，Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call Tran sL ink on 13 12 30 an ytime.Customers using mobility devicesMany stati ons have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the stati on platforms.For assista nee, please Quee nsla nd Rail on 13 16 17.21.A. Call 13 16 17.B. Visit tran sli nk .com.au.C. Ask at the local stati on.D. Check the train schedule.22. At which station can you find the lost property office?A. Alta ndi.B. Roma Street.C. Varsity Lakes.D. Fortitude Valley.23. Which train would you take if you go from Cen tral to Varsity Lakes?A. 6:42 pm.B.7:29 pm.C.8:57 pm.D.11:02 pm.BReturning to a book you ' veead many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There ' as welcomefamiliarity —— but also sometimes a slight suspici on that time has cha nged you both, and thus the relati on ship. Butbooks don ' t chang e ople do. And that ' s wm a kes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register . It ' strue, the older I get, the more I feel time has win gs. But with read in g, it ' s all about the prese nt. It ' s about thand what one con tributes to the now, because readi ng is a give and take betwee n author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway ' s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it ' s his classic memoir of H92fitaPgriage is almost intoxicating （令人陶醉的）,an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard ' s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble （随笔）about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar ' s Sav Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were give n to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attachto them. But I imagi ne that, while money is in deed won derful and n ecessary, rereadi ng an author 'work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that ope n further as time passes. But remember, it ' s you that has to growd read and reread in order to better understand your friends.24. Why does the author like rereadi ng?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relati on ship.B. It ' s a window to a whole new world.C. It ' s a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It exte nds the un dersta nding of on eself.25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?A. It ' s a brief account of a trip.B. It ' s about Hemingway ' s lifeunagsmaayno.C. It ' s a record of a historic event.D. It ' s about Hemingway ' s friends in Paris.26. What does the underlined word ＂currency ＂in paragraph 4 refer to?A. DebtB. Reward.C. Allowance.D. Face value.27. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He loves poetry.B. He ' s an editor.C. He ' s very ambitious.D. He teaches reading.CRace walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport walker 's knees stay straight thrgohu most of the legs rules swing and one foot remain in contact （接触） with the ground at all times. It ' s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg,an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories（卡路里） per hour, which is approximatelytwice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground,create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner nee, are uncommon among' s k race walkers. But the sport ' s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with ahistory of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A. They must run long distances.B. They are qualified for the marathon.C. They have to follow special rules.D. They are good at swinging their legs.29. What advantage does race walking have over running?A. It ' s more popular at the Olympics.B. It ' s less challenging physically.C. It ' s more effective in body building.D. It ' s less likteolycause knee injuries.30 What is Dr. Norberg ' s suggestion for someone trying race walking?A. Getting experts ' opinions.B. Having a medical checkup.C. Hiring an experienced coach.D. Doing regular exercises.31. Which word best describes the author ttitude to'rascae walking?A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tolerant.D. Conservative.DThe connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown ，Ohio ，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT ）have taken it a step further changing the actualcomposition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse ，even unusual functions. These include plantsthat have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they chemicals inre short tohfawt actaenr daentdecat phl a rnmt ful groundwater. ＂We' re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replacefunctions of the things that we use every day, ＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has bee n to make pla nts grow （发光）in experime nts using some com mon vegetables. Strano 's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light ，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by ，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant 'lifsetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch ＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source （电源）—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission （传输）.Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To detect plants ' lackrof wateB. To change compositions of plantsC. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowi ng pla nts?B. How do we live with glowi ng pla nts?C. Could glow ing pla nts replace lamps?D. How are glowi ng pla nts made polluti on-free?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届高三英语专项训练——阅读理解D篇(全国一卷)(个人整理)(1)

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