(完整版)英语八年级下册第三单元知识点总结

(完整版)英语八年级下册第三单元知识点总结
(完整版)英语八年级下册第三单元知识点总结

Unit 3. Could you please clean your room?

一、短语动词

1、take out 带出去;取出;拔出;除掉动副词组

代词作宾语时必须放在两词之间。

2、come over 固定短语过来,顺便来访,拜访。后面加介词to,后接表示地点的名词作宾语。

拓展:take out of 把---从---取出/带出

3、hang →hung→hung hang out 闲逛;溜达。

4、throw down扔下;随手丢下其中throw可用作及物或不及物动词,意为扔,掷→threw→thrown

拓展:throw at向----扔去(带有攻击性)throw to 扔给---(不含恶意)throw away扔掉

SectionB

1、take care of 照顾;照料。相当于look after后可接名词、(反身)代词作宾语。Take good care of相当于look after well

2、

二、动词用法

1、finish 及物动词完成后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。拓展:与finish一样用法的动词或动词短语有:enjoy/look forward to/mind/have fun/practice/be busy/consider/feel like/give up

2、pass用作及物动词给;递;pass sb sth =pass sth to sb把某物

递给某人。走过、通过(考试等)

作不及物动词,(时间)过去,流逝

3、borrow sth from sb向某人借某物。非延续性动词Lend(lent;lent) sb sth=lend sth to sb借给某人某物。非延续性动词Keep 由“保存”引申为“借”,延续性动词,可与时间段连用。四川-----Excuse me,can I_____your pen?

-----sorry,I have_____it to Bob.

A.borrow;lend

B.borrow;borrowed

C.lend;borrowed

D.lend;lent

4、hate及物动词厌恶;讨厌,表示一种感情或心理状态,不能用于进行时态。Hate sb/sth不喜欢某人或某物

Hate to do/doing sth 厌恶做某事(某一次或经常性的)相当于like的用法。

SectionB

1、invite及物动词邀请名词invitation 邀请;请帖。

Invite sb to +地点名词。邀请某人到某地。

Invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事。

2、make sb do sth 让某人做某事。

3、动词辨析:

单词主语常用结构含义

Spend(spent) 人sb spend time/money on sth

Sb spend time/money doing sth

Pay(paid) 人sb pay money for sth

Cost(cost) 物sth cost sb some money

Take(took) it作形式主语it takes sb some time to do sth

四川:-----I_________a lot of time palying computer games everyday. ----oh,boy.it’s bad for your eyes.

A.spend

B.takes

C.pay

4、provide sth for sb =provide sb with sth给某人提供某物

Offer sb sth =offer sth to sb主动给某人提供某物

Offer to do sth 主动提出做某事。

5、depend on依靠;依赖independent独立的independence独立性

6、develop作及物动词或不及物动词发展;壮大。Development 发展。Developed/developing 前者是发达的后者是发展中的。

7、Have no idea 相当于don't know 不知道

8、drop(dropped)→dropping

(1)drop意为“丢失或落下”时,既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。如:

She was scared and dropped the cup.

她吓坏了,丢落了茶杯。

The glass dropped from her hand.

玻璃从她的手中掉了下来。

(2)drop作动词还有“(价格)下降;放弃”的意思,如:

The price of the rice has dropped.

大米的价格已经降下来了。

Don't drop math.

别放弃数学。

(3)drop也可作名词,表示“滴”,如:

A drop of rain fell on my face.

一滴雨落在我的脸上。

(4)drop还可指“下跌;落下的距离”,如:

There was a sudden drop in the temperature yesterday.

昨天气温大幅下降。

拓展:drop behind 落后drop in/by偶然拜访

eye drops 眼药水 a drop in the ocean沧海一粟

Drop out of school辍学

三、名词

1、rubbish 不可数名词垃圾,废弃物

2、mess名词杂乱;不整洁。常用短语:in a mess 乱七八糟

3、chores 家务可数名词

Housework(homework)家务不可数名词

SectionB

1、stress不可数名词,精神压力;心理负担。

Under the stress of 在---压力之下。

2、waste 名词浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间

不可数名词废物;垃圾;浪费

作形容词无用的;废弃的;丢弃的。

作及物动词浪费

四、形容词

五、副词

Section B

1、anyway 副词而且;加之。

The coat is too expensive and anyway I don’t like the color.

还可意为“不管怎样,无论如何,即使这样。

Anyway ,it’s worth trying.

The water was cold but he took a shower anyway.

六、介词短语

1、in front of在---面前;是指在一定范围外。

in the front of 在----前部,是指在一定范围内。

广东中考----why are you standing,Alice?

-----I can’t see the blackboard clearly.two tall boys are sitting_________me.

A.behind

B.next to

C.between

D.in front of

2、in surprise 惊讶地;惊奇地,常用作状语。

拓展:to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是,常放在句首,作状语。sectionB

1、in order to目的是;为了后接动词原形,引导目的状语。位置可放在句首,也可放在句中。否定为:in order not to do.

In order that 后面接从句,表示目的,从句中常含有情态动词。广东:in order _______for the meeting,my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.

A.not to be late

B.not being late

C.to be late

D.being late

3、as a result 结果;因此

拓展:as a result of 由于----;作为------的结果。

七、连词

1、the minute意为“一----就----”引导时间状语从句,其后省略了引导词that相当于the moment或as soon as(通常情况下主从句时态要一致。但若主句用一般将来时,从句则要用一般现在时表将来。)哈尔滨:boys and girls,calm down and focus on the test paper____you begin to think about the answers.Be confident.you can do it.

A.as if

B.as soon as

C. although

2、 when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间;while是during the time that,只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。

②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句

两个动作同时发生。

③由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时;如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,如:a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.

当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为:

While we were talking, the teacher came in.

b. They were singing while we were dancing.

SectionB

1、since 由于;因为;既然,引导原因状语从句,通常放在句首。

还可引导时间状语从句,自---以来。一般用在完成时当中。

八、特殊句型

1、as ---as---与---一样,用于同级比较。第一个as为副词,后跟形容词或副词的原级;第二个为连词,引导比较状语从句。

否定形式:not as/so ---as---,不如----

2、neither+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语----也不。

这是一个倒装句,表示上句否定的情况也同样适合后者。

So+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语----也是。

这是一个倒装句,表示上句肯定的情况也同样适合后者。

拓展:neither+主语+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词----的确不是这

样。(表示说话者同意上文中说话者的否定观点。)

So+主语+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词-----的确是这样。

表示说话者同意上述说话者说出的观点。

福建----last night I didn't watch the TV show。A Bite of China 2 -----_______did I.I was preparing for today’s test then.

A.So

B.Either

C.Neither

SectionB

1、do one’s part in (doing ) sth 尽某人的职责做某事。

2、The+比较级,the+比较级表示越----,就越-----

比较级+比较级表示越来越------

贵州:__________children there are in a family,________their life will be. A.the less;the better B.The fewer;the better C.Fewer;richer

D.More;poorer

九、语法专项

1. can 的用法:

(1).表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”,即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。如:She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快,但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。

(2).表示许可,常在口语中。如:Y ou can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。

(3).表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时

can’t 译为“不可能”。—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗?—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。

2. could的用法:

(1).can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。如:He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。

(2). could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。(注意回答)

①—________ you pass me a pen? I’d like to write down the phone number. —Sure. Here it is.

A. Can

B. Need

C. Might

D. Must

②The man in the office___be Mr. Black, because he went home just now.

A.mustn’t

B.may not

C.can’t

D.needn’t

—___ I take the newspaper away? —No, you mustn't. You____read it only here.

A. Must; can

B. May; can

C. Need; must

D. Must; must

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