英国经济-英语国家概况共25页
大三上学期英美概况British Economy
drained of its manpower
lost the sea supremacy a huge national debt Why do people call it a relative decline at the same time?(P70)
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Policies
“mixed economy” an economy in which there is some public ownership as well as privately owned business During the 20th century the government has become involved in the economy through introduction of social welfare policies and laws to regulate industrial relations.
Chapter 4
Economy
英 语 国 家 概 况
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Warm-up: British Empire
First British Empire: 19th Century It included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies Second British Empire during the Victorian Age: Mid- and late-19th Century Queen Victoria’s foreign policy—New Imperialism
英语国家概况（中英经济对比）
英语国家概况（中英经济对比）A Comparative Study on Economybetween China and the UK As we all know, economy is the foundation of a country, without which a country and its people definitely would not be able to survive or develop forward. Nowadays, although China’s economy is developing at the highest speed in the world, which leads China to become one of the largest economic entities, China still remains a developing country and also many problems caused by overspeed economic developing pour in the society. As a result, I want to look into the economy of the UK to find out something useful and the experience that is suitable for us to learn from and thus to improve our pattern of economic development.First of all, we need to know the reason why China and the UK develop quite different economic patterns. The different geographical environment between them can explain that. The UK is an island country, which lies between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, leading to the formation of the Culture of Ocean, which advocates adventure, exploration and creativity. Besides, the UK has a long and winding coastline which is suitable for ports. And resulting from all this, the commerce, especially the floating trade, has been developing rapidly since the ancient time and has become the ba ckbone of the country’s economy. However, cases are quite different in the land of China. Located in the biggest continent in the world, China has an absolute advantage of land area. And this inborn geographical advantage is just right to cultivate the Culture of Agriculture, which is much more conservative and perhaps more negative or passive compared with the Culture of Ocean the UKholds. And under its influence, Chinese ancestors began farming and ploughing in their own land or others and they tended to pursue a cozy life with more and larger land instead of travelling out to make a fortune by taking adventure or doing business.Second, in order to make it convincing, I have searched for some data and information that can be listed as follows. As an important commerce entity, huge economic power and the centre of finance, UK has the 6th largest economic system and it is one of the richest countries with the highest living standard. Among all the 3 economic sectors, the tertiary industry has the largest proportion of GDP. Services in UK plays an important role: Banking, finance, shipping, insurance as well as business services stand in the leading position of the world. And the capital, London, is one of the top centres of finance, shipping and services. For example, the Rolls-Royce motor car, Martha Department Store, HSBC and many other brands have been known to e very household across the world. What’s more, the education of UK also plays a leading role in the world. The Oxford University and the Cambridge University is the most important educational hinge except for the USA. And the knowledge economy system has attracted many useful and talented people as well as wealth for the UK. Last but not the least, the tourism in UK is also of great importance, attracting over 27,000,000 visitors and ranking NO.6 in the world, contributing to UK’s economy prosperity.As far as China is concerned, the condition is quite different. Although the proportion of agriculture is falling to below 10%, the primary sector of China still takes on a comparatively high percentage. And compared with the UK, China’s secondary sector holds the highest percentage of all the economy sectors.And the label, ‘made in China’, is so familiar to the people from different countries in the world. In a way, it shows the high yields and low price of China’s manufacturing resulting from cheap labour and material. This type of well-known is quite different from that of the UK and it means that our nation still depends more on the ‘high-pay low-gain’industry rather than the knowledge economy. But luckily, our government and relevant ministries have already taken actions to develop the tertiary industry, and thus the services are rising under positive policies.。
英语国家概况(英国部分)
Chapter 1 The Land and History英国全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士及北爱尔兰构成，位于大西洋东部的不列颠群岛，是个岛屿国家，由大不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛北部和众多小岛组成。
面积约24.40万平方公里，人口超过6400万(2013年)。
英国属于温带海洋气候，常年温和多雨，气候多变。
受高纬度因素的影响，有类似极昼极夜的现象，冬季日短夜长，夏季日长夜短。
公元前3000年左右，伊比亚人最先到达大不列颠岛。
随后，比克利人、凯尔特人相继来到不列颠。
公元前1世纪到公元5世纪，罗马入侵。
罗马人撤离后，欧洲北部的盎格鲁撒克逊人和以丹麦人为主体的斯堪的纳维亚先后入侵。
到了1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉征服了英格兰，英国的封建制度正式形成。
1215年，国王约翰被迫签订了大宪章。
不久，议会制度形成，从此英国的王权被不断削弱和限制。
1688年，“光荣革命”爆发，确立了君主立宪制。
18世纪后期到19世纪前期，英国成为世界上第一个开始并完成工业革命的国家。
19世纪是英国发展的鼎盛时期，分别建立了第一大英帝国和第二大英帝国。
到二战前夕，英国统治了世界约1/4的土地。
第一次世界大战以及第二次世界大战的爆发，导致英国的政治、经济势力大为削弱，失去了霸权地位。
随着其殖民地的相继独立，20世纪60年代，大英帝国彻底瓦解。
I. General IntroductionMap of British Isles1. Location and the Four NationsThe full name of the UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is made up of four nations: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. It is located to the northwest of continental Europe, separated by the English Channel. Geographically, it is an island country, covering an area of about 244,019 km2, and consists of Great Britain and northeastern part of Ireland, together with many small islands of British Isles.Great Britain accounts for over 90% of the country’s tota l landmass. It is the largest island off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe with England, Scotland and Wales on it. Ireland is the second largest island of British Isles located to the northwest of Great Britain. It is divided into two parts: Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (an independent country).England is the largest part of the UK and occupies most of the southern two thirds of Great Britain. The total area of England is 130,410 km2 with a population of around 53.9 million (Mid-2013 estimated), which covers more than 84% of the total UK population. It is the most populous and highly urbanized part of the UK. London, the capital of the UK and England, as well as the seat of government, is located in its southeastern part.Scotland is the second largest and most mountainous part of the UK in the north of Great Britain. Compared with that of England, the population density is quite low. There are only 5.3 million people with an area of 78,789 km2. Edinburgh, its largest city, is the capital of Scotland. Scotland is famous for its beautiful natural scenery, such as Scottish Highlands1and Loch Ness2, as well as many historical places, like the Edinburgh Castles.Wales is on the western side of central southern Great Britain. The total area of Wales is 20,779 km2, which accounts for 1/4 parts of the UK. It is also a mountainous part of Great Britain, particularly in the north and central regions. The southeast region is the most built up region of Wales, and the majority of its population live there and a large proportion of its industry is based there. Its capital city, Cardiff, is also in this region.Northern Ireland lies in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering14,139 km2, which constitutes 1/6 of the island. It is the smallest part among the four nations of the UK, as well as the second sparsely populated part after Scotland. The capital is Belfast, the largest city in Northern Ireland both in population and in area. It is the center for government, economic, arts, higher education, business, law of Northern Ireland. Additionally, it is the birthplace of Titanic, and voted one of the world’s top destinations.2. ClimateThe overall climate in the UK is temperate maritime, which means that it is mild with temperatures neither much lower than 0℃in winter nor much higher 32℃in summer. Generally, the UK has warm summers and cool winters, with July and August as the warmest month, and January and February as the coldest. However, due to the influence of Gulf Stream3, the summers are cooler than those in continent while the winters are milder. Normally, the temperature in summer is around 20℃，with the high rarely going above 30℃. The average temperature in winter is around 0℃and seldom go below -10℃even in the most northern part of the country.Meanwhile, since Britain is an island country and surrounded by the sea, the climate is considerably changeable compared with other countries. Since the variable climate changing day to day, it is hard for people to predict what the weather will be like the next day. Additionally, the unique geographical position is also the reason for the dampness of the climate. The rainfall is fairly distributed throughout the year. Although it does not rain every day, it is always advisable for people to bring an umbrella or waterproof clothing every day.II. History1. The Founding of the NationThe recorded history of the UK begins with the Roman invasion in 55BC. In 55 and 54BC, Britain was twice invaded by Julius Caesar and his Roman troops. However, it was not until 43AD that the Roman led by Claudius I finally successfully invaded and Britain became part of the Roman Empire. The native Celtic were driven to the mountain regions of Scotland and Wales, which remained unconquered by the Romans.The Romans have great impact on many aspects of the British culture. The Roman civilization was introduced to the Britain during this period. For example, Roman style baths and temples were built, cities like London and towns were constructed, and the system of government was also introduced. With the decline of the Roman Empire, when the Germanic troops attacked Rome in 410 A.D., the Romans had to withdraw in order to protect their own nation, which led to the end of Roman occupation.After the leave of the Romans, three groups of Germanic tribes called the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons came to Britain from the European continent in the mid-4th century. They conquered different regions of Britain:1Scottish Highlands：苏格兰高地，是对苏格兰高地边界断层以西和以北的山地的称，被认为是欧洲风景最优美的地区。
英语国家概况（英国部分）
Chapt e r 1 The Land and Histo r y英国全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士及北爱尔兰构成，位于大西洋东部的不列颠群岛，是个岛屿国家，由大不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛北部和众多小岛组成。
面积约24.40万平方公里，人口超过6400万(2013年)。
英国属于温带海洋气候，常年温和多雨，气候多变。
受高纬度因素的影响，有类似极昼极夜的现象，冬季日短夜长，夏季日长夜短。
公元前3000年左右，伊比亚人最先到达大不列颠岛。
随后，比克利人、凯尔特人相继来到不列颠。
公元前1世纪到公元5世纪，罗马入侵。
罗马人撤离后，欧洲北部的盎格鲁撒克逊人和以丹麦人为主体的斯堪的纳维亚先后入侵。
到了1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉征服了英格兰，英国的封建制度正式形成。
1215年，国王约翰被迫签订了大宪章。
不久，议会制度形成，从此英国的王权被不断削弱和限制。
1688年，―光荣革命‖爆发，确立了君主立宪制。
18世纪后期到19世纪前期，英国成为世界上第一个开始并完成工业革命的国家。
19世纪是英国发展的鼎盛时期，分别建立了第一大英帝国和第二大英帝国。
到二战前夕，英国统治了世界约1/4的土地。
第一次世界大战以及第二次世界大战的爆发，导致英国的政治、经济势力大为削弱，失去了霸权地位。
随着其殖民地的相继独立，20世纪60年代，大英帝国彻底瓦解。
I. Gener a l Intro d ucti o n1. Locat i on and the Four Natio n s The full name of the UK is the Unite d Kingd o m of Great Brita i n and North e rn Irela n d. It is made up of four natio n s: Engla n d, Scotl a nd, North e rn Irela n d, and Wales . It is locat e d to the north w est of conti n enta l Europ e , separ a ted by the Engli s h Chann e l. Geogr a phic a lly, it is an islan d count r y, cover i ng an area of about 244,019 km 2, and consi s ts of Great Brita i n and north e aste r n part of Irela n d, toget h er with many small islan d s of Briti s h Isles . Great Brita i n accou n ts for over 90% of the count r y’stotal landm a ss. It is the large s t islan d off the north w este r n coast of mainl a nd Europ e with Engla n d, Scotl a nd and Wales on it. Irela n d is the secon d large s t islan d of Briti s h Isles locat e d to the north w est of Great Brita i n. It is divid e d into two parts : North e rn Irela n d and the Repub l ic of Irela n d (an indep e nden t count r y).Engla n d is the large s t part of the UK and occup i es most of the south e rn two third s of Great Brita i n. The total area of Engla n d is 130,410 km 2 with a popul a tion of aroun d 53.9 milli o n (Mid-2013 estim a ted), which cover s morethan 84% of the total UK popul a tion . It is the most popul o us and highl y urban i zed part of the UK . Londo n , the capit a l of the UK and Engla n d, as well as the seat of gover n ment , is locat e d in its south e aste rn part.Map of Briti s h Isles Scotla nd is the second larges t and most mounta inous part of the UK in the northof GreatBritai n. Compar ed with that of Englan d, the popula tiondensit y is quitelow. Thereare only 5.3 millio n people with an area of 78,789 km2. Edinbu rgh, its larges t city, is the capita l of Scotla nd. Scotla nd is famous for its beauti ful natura l scener y, such as Scotti s h Highla nds1and Loch Ness2, as well as many histor icalplaces, like the Edinbu rgh Castle s.Walesis on the wester n side of centra l southe rn GreatBritai n. The totalarea of Walesis 20,779 km2, whichaccoun ts for 1/4 partsof the UK. It is also a mounta inous part of GreatBritai n, partic ularl y in the northand centra l region s. The southe ast region is the most builtup region of Wales, and the majori ty of its popula tionlive thereand a largepropor tionof its indust ry is basedthere. Its capita l city, Cardif f, is also in this region.Northe rn Irelan d lies in the northe ast of the island of Irelan d, coveri ng14,139 km2, whichconsti tutes 1/6 of the island. It is the smalle st part amongthe four nation s of the UK, as well as the second sparse ly popula ted part afterScotla nd. The capita l is Belfas t, the larges t city in Northe rn Irelan d both in popula tionand in area. It is the center for govern ment,econom ic, arts, higher educat ion, busine ss, law of Northe rn Irelan d. Additi onall y, it is the birthp laceof Titani c, and votedone of the world’stopdestin ation s.2. Climat eThe overal l climat e in the UK is temper ate mariti me, whichmeansthat it is mild with temper ature s neithe r much lowerthan 0℃ in winter nor much higher 32℃ in summer. Genera lly, the UK has warm summer s and cool winter s, with July and August as the warmes t month, and Januar y and Februa ry as the coldes t. Howeve r, due to the influe nce of Gulf Stream3, the summer s are cooler than thosein contin ent whilethe winter s are milder. Normal ly, the temper ature in summer is around20℃，with the high rarely goingabove30℃. The averag e temper ature in winter is around 0℃ and seldom go below-10℃ even in the most northe rn part of the countr y.Meanwh ile, sinceBritai n is an island countr y and surrou ndedby the sea, the climat e is consid erabl y change ablecompar ed with othercountr ies. Sincethe variab le climat e changi ng day to day, it is hard for people to predic t what the weathe r will be like the next day. Additi onall y, the unique geogra phica l positi on is also the reason for the dampne ss of the climat e. The rainfa ll is fairly distri buted throug houtthe year. Althou gh it does not rain everyday, it is always advisa ble for people to bringan umbrel la or waterp roofclothi ng everyday.II. Histor y1. The Foundi ng of the NationThe record ed histor y of the UK begins with the Romaninvasi on in 55BC. In 55 and 54BC, Britai n was twiceinvade d by Julius Caesar and his Romantroops. Howeve r, it was not until43AD that the Romanled by Claudi us I finall y succes sfull y invade d and Britai n became part of the RomanEmpire. The native Celtic were driven to the mounta in region s of Scotla nd and Wales, whichremain ed unconq uered by the Romans.The Romans have greatimpact on many aspect s of the Britis h cultur e. The Romancivili zatio n was introd ucedto the Britai n during this period. For exampl e, Romanstylebathsand temple s were built, cities like London and townswere constr ucted, and the system of govern mentwas also introd uced. With the declin e of the RomanEmpire, when the German ic troops attack ed Rome in 410 A.D., the Romans had to withdr aw in orderto protec t theirown nation, whichled to the end of Romanoccupa tion.Afterthe leaveof the Romans, threegroups of German ic tribes called the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons came to Britai n from the Europe an contin ent in the mid-4th centur y. They conque red differ ent region s of Britai n:1Scotti sh Highla nds：苏格兰高地，是对苏格兰高地边界断层以西和以北的山地的称，被认为是欧洲风景最优美的地区。
《英语国家概况》英国`期末整理
The United KingdomStep1 The Country & People1、Geographical locationThe UK is an island country.The UK is located in the northwestern Europe.The UK is a country of island surrounded by North sea (to its east), Atlantic ocean (to its north), Irish sea (to its west and between Great Britain and Ireland), English Channel（英吉利海峡）and Strait of Dover（多佛尔海峡）(to its south).2、Common-sense knowledgeNational Anthem：《上帝保佑女王》"god save the queen"（男性君主为"god save the king"）National Flower：RoseThe Capital: London3、Area and populationArea: 244, 820 sqkmPopulation: 60.9 million(2008)The most densely populated area: England (84%)The least densely populated area: ScotlandThe least populated area: Northern Ireland (less than 3%)4、British Commonwealth (1931) P9 (expressing in English)British Commonwealth —Also known as the Commonwealth of Nations, it is an association comprising the United Kingdom and fifty or so former British colonies that are now sovereign states with a common allegiance to the British Crown, including Canada, Australia, India, and many countries in the West Indies and Africa. It was formally established by the Statute of Westminster in 1931. Among the members of the Commonwealth, sixteen sovereign states separately recognize Queen Elizabeth Ⅱas their monarch and are named the Commonwealth Realms. It includes the UK itself, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, among others.英联邦(Commonwealth of Nations)，是以英国为主导的国家联合体，由英国及其自治领和其他已独立的前殖民地、附属国组成，由54个主权国家（含属地）所组成，成员大多为前大英帝国的殖民地或附属国。
英国国情经济简介 英文ppt
constitutional monarchy
The United Kingdom is a unitary state under a constitutional
monarchy. Queen Elizabeth II is head of state of the UK as well as of fifteen other independent Commonwealth countries.
The Constitution of the United Kingdom thus consists mostly
of a collection of disparate written sources, including statutes, judge-made case law, and international treaties. As there is no technical difference between ordinary statutes and "constitutional law," the UK Parliament can perform "constitutional reform" simply by passing Acts of Parliament and thus has the political power to change or abolish almost any written or unwritten element of the constitution. However, no Parliament can pass laws that future Parliaments cannot change.
英国国情经济简介 英文PPT课件
of a collection of disparate written sources, including statutes, judge-made case law, and international treaties. As there is no technical difference between ordinary statutes and "constitutional law," the UK Parliament can perform "constitutional reform" simply by passing Acts of Parliament and thus has the political power to change or abolish almost any written or unwritten element of the constitution. However, no Parliament can pass laws that future Parliaments cannot change.
London
4
•Climate •Great Fire of London •Landscape
•
London has a temperate marine climate ,so the city rarely sees extremely high or low temperatures. London receives an average of only 1468 hours of sunshine every year. Spring is normally the driest time of year in London. Summers are generally warm, with daytime temperatures above 20 °C on over 90% of days. Autumn is usually mild but often unsettled as colder air from the arctic and warmer air from the tropics meet. Winters in London are chilly, but rarely below freezing, with daytime highs around 6 °C – 8 °C.
《英语国家概况》Unit 6 British Economy课件
In the late 18th century Britain acquired vast, unpopulated territories in Canada, Australia and New Zealand, and in the early and middle of 19th century, it colonized large areas in Asia such as India and China. By 1900, Britain had built up a big empire “on which the sun never set”, which included 25% of the world’s population and area.
Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but other countries developed more rapidly, so it slip from being the 2nd largest economy soon after the year 1945 to being the 6th.
produced 1/2 of the world’s coal, iron and cotton;
greater shipping amount than the sum of the rest of the world
2. Overtaken in 1900 by both the United States and Germany. 3. Decline since 1945 （1）It is relative decline
Encouraged by the large quantities of wealth brought by
英语国家概况(中英)(57页)
英语国家概况（An Overview ofEnglishSpeaking Countries）一、英国（United Kingdom）1. 地理位置：英国位于欧洲大陆的西北边缘，由大不列颠岛、北爱尔兰和若干小岛组成。
2. 首都：伦敦（London），是英国的政治、经济、文化和交通中心。
3. 官方语言：英语4. 人口：约6600万，其中英格兰占最大比例。
5. 国旗：英国国旗被称为“米字旗”，由蓝、白、红三种颜色组成。
6. 经济：英国是世界上发达国家之一，拥有强大的金融、工业和科技实力。
7. 教育体系：英国教育体系享誉世界，牛津、剑桥等世界知名学府坐落于此。
8. 文化特色：英国有着丰富的历史文化底蕴，如莎士比亚、牛顿、披头士乐队等均诞生于此。
同时，英国也是现代足球的发源地。
二、美国（United States of America）1. 地理位置：美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，南接墨西哥湾和加勒比海，北邻加拿大。
2. 首都：华盛顿特区（Washington, D.C.），是美国政治中心。
3. 官方语言：英语4. 人口：约3.3亿，是世界上第三人口大国。
5. 国旗：美国国旗被称为“星条旗”，由红、白、蓝三种颜色组成。
6. 经济：美国是全球最大的经济体，拥有强大的科技创新能力和金融市场。
7. 教育体系：美国教育资源丰富，世界顶尖大学如哈佛、斯坦福等均位于此。
8. 文化特色：美国文化多元化，涵盖了欧洲、亚洲、非洲等多种文化元素。
好莱坞电影、NBA篮球、美式足球等在全球具有广泛影响力。
三、加拿大（Canada）1. 地理位置：加拿大位于北美洲北部，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接北冰洋，南邻美国。
2. 首都：渥太华（Ottawa），是加拿大的政治中心。
3. 官方语言：英语和法语4. 人口：约3800万，是世界上面积第二大国家。
5. 国旗：加拿大国旗被称为“枫叶旗”，由红、白两色组成。
6. 经济：加拿大经济发达，资源丰富，特别是石油、天然气和矿产资源。
英语国家概况英国部分chaptre2Economy
Britain has a“ mixed economy ”I ．e．an economy in which there is some public ownership as well as privately owned businesses．All 0f which operate within the context of well-defined regulations and laws．During the twentieth century the government has become increasingly involved in the economy through the introduction of social welfare policies and laws to regulate industrial relations．In 1945,as part of its policy to achieve full employment．the Labor government began to nationalize key industries such as coal，steel， and trans—port．By 1970s，under the premiership of Margaret Thatcher．beating inflation became the primary objective and the trend to sell back these key industries to the private sector began．
Result:It has achieved some success but unemployment is still high. The government also tries to fine tune the economy by adjusting monetary and fiscal policies.
英语国家概况British_economy1
Brief Introduction of the Economy of UK
the 5th largest in the world in terms of market exchange rates the 6th largest by purchasing power parity (购买力平价法) the 2nd largest economy in Europe after Germany its GDP per capita in 2007 was the 22nd highest in the world. it is also a member of the G8, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the European Union.
Margaret Thatcher 玛格丽特· 撒切尔
1979-90 Conservative
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (born 13 October 1925) was Prime Minister of United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She is the only woman to have held either post.
Summit of G8 八国集团峰会
The hallmark of the G8 is an annual economic and political summit meeting of the heads of government with international officials.
英语国家概况英国部分chaptre2Economy
UK has been a member of EU . However UK remains outside of the European Economic and Monetary Union( EMU) and opinion polls show the majority of the Britons oppose the joining of Euro.
The CAP is a form of protectionism designed to defend European producers from cheaper products outside the EU. This was once done by subsidising agricultural produce but is now achieved by the EU deterring（制止） imports from outside the EU with a system of import tariffs and simultaneously subsidising farmers through the Single Farm Payment. If surplus food is produced then the EU intervenes in the market either by subsidising export of the product at below cost price; by storing it, creating the EU 'food mountains'; selling it later; or destroying it. Such exports are generally dumped on poor countries, especially in Africa. The CAP also seeks to control production by setting quotas on how much a farmer can produce then paying them not to produce more.
英语国家概况
1：The British Commonwealth（英国共和国）The British Commonwealth is a volutary association of some 40 countries that were once British Colonies.2：Whigs（辉格党）The name of Whigs originated with the Glorious Revolution .It was know by the nickname .It was a derogatory name for cattle drivers .Loosely speaking ,the whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. 3：New Deal（新政）New Deal was a program put forward by President Roosevelt to overcome the Great Depress in the 1930s.4：（反传统文化）Counterculture was a movement of revolt against the moral values ,the aesthetic standards ,the personal behaviour and the social relatins of conventional society.5：Bloody Mary（血腥玛丽）During Queen Mary ’s reign, at least 300 Protestants were burnt as heretics .People call her“Bloody Mary”6：The three waves of immigration to America（美国的三次人口迁移）The first big were of immigration toAmerica was between 1810-1845,the second between 1860-1890 and the third between 1890-1914.7：Black Thursday of 1929（美国经济萧条，黑色星期四）Black Thursday referred to Dctober 24,1929 the day when the stock market in the United States collapsed .Tens of millions of shares were dumped on the market and billions of dollars of paper profit were wiped out within a few hours. 8：the Church of England（英格兰教会）The Church of England is a state church supported by the British Government .The king is head of the Church England.9：tertiary colleges（中等学校）Tertiary colleges in Britains offer a range of full-time and Part-time vocational coures for students over 16 as well as academic courses.10：Built environment（人造环境）It refers to those features of the environments built by people or changed by people11：Benefit of clergy（神职人员）Benefit of clergy referred to the privilege given to clerks in English history .At that time clerk charged with criminal offences were tried in the Bishop’s courts instead of in the king’s court ,and the Bishop’s court did not inflict corporal punishment.12：William Shakespeare（威廉'莎士比亚1564－1616戏剧家和诗人）He was born in 1564 and died in 1616.As a dramatist and poet he generally regarded as the greatest writer in the English language .He wrote 37 plays.13：The Articles of Confederation（邦例，英国）It was passedin 1781,it is very unsual .First it provided for no King .Second it emphasized state powers .It is a written consititution.14：The Great Charter（英国大宪章）The Great Charter has been also know as Magna Carta which the English barons forced King John to sign in 1215. It limited the King’s powers . It has been regarded as the foundation of English liberaties.15：The Industrial Revolution 工业命（1780－1830）16:The Canadian Shield(加拿大地盾，首都是渥太华Ottawa)The Canadian Shield covers almost half of Canada and it is a semicircular band of rocky highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories17: Renaissance 文复14C初Renaissance was the transitional peroid between the Middle Ages and modern time in Eurpe ,covering the years C1350-C1650. The Renaissance was a period of significant achievement and change.18 : Multiculturaliam多元文化，澳大利亚Multiculturaliam means to recognize that Australians are from different backgrounds and social cohesion is attained by to leratingdifferences within an agreed legal and constitional framework.19 : Manifest Destiny 天定命运论，美国西进运动Manifest Destiny refers to theory that said it was right for the United States to expand territory.19 :The Hundred Years ’War （英法）The Hundrd Years War refers to the mtermittent war between France and England that lasted from 1377 to 145320：Abolitionists废奴沦者Abolitionists were those Americans who demanded immediate abolition of slavery before the Civil War21三大地理区（Great Werten Plateau :西部大高原，Easten Highlands:东部山地，Centrad Eastern Lavlands中东部低地的大低地带）It refers to the regins that divide according to the shape of the surface land .22：Free Churches (英国)The Free Churcher are some of the Protestant Churches in Britain which are free from government control.23: The Great Depression 经济大萧条(20C)The Great Depression refers to the great economic crists that hit the whole capitalist world in the 1930s23：Maoritanga 毛利人文化Maori culture ,the Maori wayof life and view of the world.24:Black Power 黑人当奴（美国历史）Black Power was movement of the Black Muslims led by Malcolm X during ,the civil Rights Movement .Contrary to Martin Luther King’s idea .Black Power movement advocated violence and attempted to separate themselves from white society.25: The English Reformation （英国宗改）It refers the religious reform in England in the 16th century . As a result ,the church of English was established as a State Church.26：The Glorious Revokution 光荣革命（英国不流血的战争)William Landed at Torbay on November 15, 1688 and marched upon Londom. In England this takeover was relatively smooth ,with no bloodshed ,nor any execution of the King .This became know as the Glorious Revolution1：The Bill of Rights (权力法案，美国）The Bill of Rights is the term used to for the first ten amendmend to the U.S. constitution. It guarantees freedom of religion, freedom of speech , freedom ofthe press, freedom of assembly and petition, freedom of unreasonable searches and other legal rights.2:Utilitarianism(功利主义) Utilitarianism was the ideal of Jeremy Bentham .He suggested that government’s function should be to achieve “the greatest happinessof th e greatest number ”. It should be done in two ways: government should be efficient and it should interfere as little as possible.3:Constitutional Monarchy (英国，君主政体) Constitutional Monarchy is a system ,Under this system the King or Quean is head of the state ,but their power is limited by Parliament or the law.4:Boston Tea Party （波士顿倾茶事件）In 1773,when British ships of tea reached Boston, serveral dozen Boston residents dressed as Indians boarded the ships at night and threw the tea into the habor..5:Established Churches (国教) The name of whigs originated with the Glorious Revolution. It was know by the nickname . It was a derogatory name for cattle drivers . Lossely speaking ,the whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists.6：British ’s two-party system （两党制，保守党和工党）The two major parties in Britian are the Corservative Party amd Labour Party and since 1945 either of the two parties has held power。
英语国家概况摘要
第一章国土与人民英国的正式国名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(So the official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland),简称“联合王国”(simply U.K),由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰及数百个岛屿组成，首都为伦敦。
大不列颠Great Britain大不列颠群岛British Isles爱尔兰岛Ireland英国河流为不冻河，最长的是赛文河(the Severn River)，次长的也是最重要的是泰晤士河(the Thames River)，尤适于航运。
英国处于温带，由于周围海洋的调节作用，加上从海上吹来的温暖湿润的西南风，和北大西洋暖流的影响，气候为海洋性气候，多雨，气候温差不大。
东南部雨量不足。
英格兰人是原居住在今日德国西北的盎格鲁萨克逊人的后裔，苏格兰人、威尔士人和爱尔兰人则是凯尔特人的后裔。
语言：主要是英语，少数人说威尔士语。
宗教：多数人信天主教，少数人信基督教。
Knowledge Points✧Britain lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.✧The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands.✧Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Britain (1343m) is located in Scotland.✧The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in 1931.✧The Republic of Ireland gained its independence in 1949.✧Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.✧Cardiff/加的夫is the capital of Wales.✧Belfast/贝尔法斯is the capital of North Ireland.✧There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.✧During the Ice Age great ice covered Great Britain.✧Immigrants to Britain are mainly from the West Indies, India, and Pakistan.名词解释：1.The Thames River/泰晤士河(流经牛津,伦敦等)∙The Thames River is the second largest and most important river in Britain. It is 336 kilometers long, rising in southwest England and flowing through England and out into the North Sea. It flows rather slowly, which is very favorable for water transportation.2.The High Landers∙They are the Scots who live in the mountainous regions of the Highlands in Northern Scotland. They are a proud, independent and hardy people who maintain their strong cultural identity. They mainly live by farming sheep in mountain areas or fishing on the coasts and islands.3.The British Commonwealth/英联邦∙The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of nations in 1931. It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements. The Commonwealth has no special powers. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is left to each nation. At present there are 50 member countries within the Commonwealth.4.The Chunnel/英吉利海峡隧道(铁路),水底铁路隧道∙In 1985 the British go vernment and French government decided to build a channel tunnel, which is called “Chunnel”, under the Straits of Dover so that England and France could be joined together by road. The Chunnel was open to traffic in May 1994.问答题：1.What are the three natural zones/自然带in Scotland?∙The three natural zones in Scotland are: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands and the southern Uplands. 2.What are the three factors which influence the climate in Britain?1)The surrounding waters.2)The prevailing southwest winds or the Westerly blow over the country all the year round.3)The North Atlantic Drift.3.Describe the geographical position of Britain.∙Britain is an island country, which lies off the west coast of the European continent in the Atlantic Ocean. Or to be more exact, it lies between latitude 50 to 60 degrees north. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.4.Where about in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland?∙The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands, and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands.第二章英国的起源新石器时代不列颠就有了最早的居民---伊比利亚人(Iberians)。
英语国家概况之英国
英语国家概况B （英国）——课程介绍及教学大纲英语国家概况B （英国）课程介绍外语教学不仅要向学生传授语言知识，还应让学生了解目的语国家的文化背景。
“英语国家概况”是一门以知识传授为主的课程，其内容所涉及的知识领域繁多复杂，例如地理、历史、经济、政体、教育、艺术、哲学、性格、民俗、宗教等。
该课程具体教学目标就是使学生对英语国家的地理风貌、重大历史事件、重要历史文件、政体制度、教育制度、家庭生活、风俗习惯、价值观念等有一个较系统和清楚的了解，并就自己感兴趣的某一领域能够进一步深入研究。
该课程教学目的就是开阔学生的视野，扩大知识面，弥补文化背景知识的不足，为大学阶段的外语学习和以后的英语教学工作打下良好的基础。
在该课程教学过程中，利用视频、音频、图片等现代化的辅助教学手段，教师不是局限于文化背景知识的传授，同时还注意培养学生的文化意识和英语学习兴趣，进一步扩大学生的英语词汇量，提高跨文化交际能力。
《英语国家概况(B)》教学大纲一、课程中英文名称中文名称：英语国家概况(B)英文名称：A Survey of English-speaking Countries (B)二、授课对象：英语专业二年级下总学时36三、本课程与其他课程的联系先修课程：英语国家概况A、精读C、听力C、泛读C、口语提高后续课程：精读E、泛读E、视听说E四、课程教学的目的一、课程目标《英语国家概况》是一门介绍英语国家(包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰)社会文化综合背景知识的课。
目的在于帮助学生了解所学语言国家的背景情况，培养学生的文化意识,帮助学生克服由于缺乏背景知识给语言学习带来的障碍，拓宽知识面。
这对进一步提高语言水平，特别是交际能力有重要的指导意义。
本学期以英国概况为重点。
本科程目的在于帮助学生了解所学语言国家的历史、地理、政治制度、社会生活等方面的背景情况，帮助学生克服由于缺乏背景知识给语言学习带来的障碍，拓宽知识面。
英语国家概况Unit5
Unit 5The UK Economy (英国的经济)一、本单元重点内容1. Absolute decline and relative decline of British economy (英国经济的绝对衰败和相对衰败)2. The privatization in the 1980s (20世纪80年代的私有化)3. The main sectors of the UK economy (英国经济的主要部门):Primary industries (第一产业): Agriculture (农业)& Energy production (能源生产) Secondary industries (第二产业) : The manufacturing industry (制造业)eg. The aerospace industry (航空和航天工业) Tertiary industries / service industries (第三产业/服务业)4. The City of London (伦敦金融城)5. The London Stock Exchange (伦敦证券交易所)二、本单元重、难点辅导1.Absolute and relative decline of the British Economy1) By the 1880s, dominant in the world--- 1/3 of the world’s manufactured goods; 1/2 of the world’s coal, iron and cotton; shipping greater than the sum of the rest of the world.2) By 1900, overtaken by the U.S and Germany.一直到19世纪80年代，英国经济一直在世界上居于主导地位。
英国国情经济简介_英文ppt
Margaret Thatcher
Significance
Nicknamed “The Iron Lady” The longest serving from 1979 to 1990 The first woman Prime Minister in the U.K.
Economic Belief
The Evolution of the British Economy since the War
• The evolution of the British economy since WWII falls into three periods: • (1) Steady development in the 50s and 60s: The British
Measures taken by Mrs. Thatcher's government to improve the economy
• Mrs. Thatcher‘s government took numerous
• •
measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade, using both macroeconomic and microeconomic policies.宏观经济政策和微观经济政 策 (1) Macroeconomic measures were directed towards bringing down the rate of inflation and achieving price stability. (2) Microeconomic policies were aimed at working with the grain of market forces by encouraging enterprise, efficiency and flexibility.
英语国家概况 第6章 英国经济
①The economy of the UK is the fifth-largest in the world in terms of market ex¬change rates and the sixth-largest bypurchasing power parity（PPP）.①按照市场汇率计算，英国是世界第五大经济体，按购买力平价计算排名世界第六。
②It is the second-largest economy （第二大经济体）in Europe after Germany.②是欧洲继德国之后第二大经济体。
③According to the World Bank’s statistics, its GDP per capita in2012 was the 25th-highest in the world.③根据世界银行的统计，其2012.年国内生产总值在世界排名第二十五位。
④In 2012, the UK was the 11th-largest exporter and the sixth-largest importer in the world.④2012年，英国是世界第十一大出口国和世界第六大进口国。
2）英国是世界上全球化程度最高的国家之一。
其首都伦敦是世界主要的金融中心之一，其他的金融中心还有纽约、中国香港和新加坡。
3）英国经济体是由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰经济体组成。
英国在1973年成为欧洲共同体的成员国，并签署了《马斯赫特条约》，在1993年欧盟成立之初便成为欧盟成员国。
1）1945-1960s Following the end of World War Ⅱ, the UK enjoyed a longperiod without a major recession （from 1945 to 1973）and arapid growth in prosperity in the 1950s and 1960s.1）1945年到20世纪60年代：第二次世界大战结束后，很长的一段时间内，英国保持平稳发展，没有出现大的经济衰退（1945年到1973年），在50、60年代，经济繁荣发展，增长快速。