职称英语综合类概括大意第二篇 The Paper Chas逐句翻译
Elizabeth Ⅱ上海中级口译阅读中文翻译
Unit one peopleReading AIntroduction王后是一个国家的女性统治者，或是一个国王封号最高的妻子。
王后是一位当政国王之妻的合适称谓，而皇太后是前任的王后，她的子女现在统治着国家，当朝女王以她自己的名字统治着国家。
例如，当大英帝国的国王乔治六世于1936年登上王位，他的妻子伊丽莎白成为王后以及他的母亲，皇后玛丽，乔治五世的遗孀成为皇太后。
当乔治六世死后，她的长女作为伊丽莎白二世成为当朝女王。
伊丽莎白二世出生于1926年4月21日，伦敦。
她的生日在英国官方庆祝于每年的六月第三个星期六。
女王伊丽莎白二世是一位“立宪君主”，就是，虽然她官方上是英国最高领导人，但国家实际上是由首相领导的政府统治。
女王住在白金汉宫。
女王伊丽莎白二世在她父亲国王乔治六世死后于1952年2月6日登基称帝。
她的加冕礼紧随其后在1953年6月2日威斯敏斯特教堂举行。
2002年，女王庆祝她的金色庆典（自她登基50年）。
自征服者威廉收复英格兰，女王伊丽莎白二世是第四十个君主。
自1952年，女王授予了超过387,700项荣誉和奖项。
女王私人举办了超过540次授权仪式。
女王讲流利的法语，并且经常使用各种语言为了会见和访问。
她陛下不需要翻译官。
在她当政期间，女王接收了超过三百万的项目和信件。
在她当政过程中，超过1.1百万人参加了白金汉宫的花园派对。
在她当政期间，她陛下给十位英国首相开星期二晚上的例行会议。
他们是：温斯顿·丘吉尔（1951-55），安东尼·艾登爵士（1955-57），哈罗德·艾克米伦（1957-63），亚力克·道格拉斯-霍姆爵士（1963-64），哈罗德·威尔逊（1964-70,1974-76），爱德华·希思（1970-74），詹姆斯·卡拉汉（1976-1979），玛格丽特·撒切尔(1979-90），约翰·梅杰（1990-97），托尼·布莱尔（1997-2007.6),戈登·布朗（2007.7-现在）。
新编大学基础英语综合教程2翻译
Unit11.London is a very cosmopolitan city伦敦是个非常国际化的大城市。
2. Her mother grew up in the hectic urbon environment.她的母亲是在一种喧嚣的都市环境中长大的。
3 .New York is supposed to be very touristy.纽约被认为是一个充满旅游特色的城市。
4 .The city where I lived a few years ago was dynamic one.我几年前住过的那个城市是一个充满活力的城市。
5. The train was crowded.那班火车非常拥挤。
6. The English often drink tea.英国人经常喝茶。
7 .The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
8 .Last year, I often went to the library of that university.去年我常去那所大学的图书馆。
9 .He left ten minutes ago.他十分钟前离开了。
10. Where did you go last night.昨晚你去哪里了？11. Who phoned last night?昨晚是谁打的电话？12 .What happened last night?昨晚发生了什么事情？13. What does your brother do?你的哥哥是做什么的?14. Whom is he talking with?他正在与谁说话？15. When did they leave?他们是什么时候离开的？Unit216. Nowadays young people like to surf the net to get all kinds of information.现在的年轻人都喜欢上网冲浪，获取各种信息。
小学英语单词短语常用句子知识全解
man father dad grandfather grandpa brother男人 爸 口语爸 （外）祖父 [口语]（外）祖父 兄弟 woman mother mom grandmother grandma sister女人 妈 口语妈 （外）祖母 [口语]（外）祖母 姐妹 一个家庭的组合是这样的：Family=Father and Mother I Love You.搏一搏 bo y i bo boy gi 热了 gi r e le girltea cher 老师 茶tea 车che 再结合er 在英语中表示是人 student 蛇s 吐tu 的de nt th is 是这个即thismy 我的 i 和大写I 意思是我 me 我 Me 家族创建于2012年5月1日，创建人林嘉浩,他说，Me 家族不仅仅是一个潮流家族，意思是：我就是我，和你们大家不一样，我永远是原创。
就因这句话。
许多朋友加入此家族。
friend 风f 日ri 相伴 嗯en 得d 开心nice 你ni 测ce 量好 G------------------------------ 手枪G 打两环ood I ’m = I am 我是 isn ’t = is not 不是 Let ’s = Let us 让我们 who ’s = who is 是谁 don ’t = do not 不是 不要morning 早上 摸mo 拐杖r(像拐杖)拎ning 拐杖 meet 遇到 m + eet 联想meat 肉m+ eat 吃 too 也，太与two 2结合起来记忆welcome 用句子来记We ’ll come 我们将来（只是多了’ 和l ） back 可联系ABC 是中国农业银行的缩写加上k 后，b 和a 就可以换回来了即back new 新的与now 现在可以结合起来记忆三个以here 结尾的单词 here 这儿 there 那儿 where 哪儿Where are you from?你来自哪里？ Where are you?你在哪儿？ American [ə'm ɛr ɪk ən]结合音标记USA 也表示美国see 看见 可以联想到 S 蛇睁开眼睛ee 另外 look at have a look 也表示看的意思 again 又，再 双a 护驾让g 又 进来in class 同学们、班级联系 车c he 拉la 两条蛇ss we 我们与me 我可以结合起来记忆 today 今天 to 去 +day 天 Mr (mister 之简称;用于男士的姓,姓名或职务之前)先生 Miss (用于姓名或姓之前, 尤指对未婚女子的称呼) 女士, 小姐 Ms 女士(代替Miss 或Mrs 的字,不指明称呼人的婚姻状况) look out 和 watch out 都有当心、小心、留神的意思sorry 结合英音：['s ɔri]对不起 ant 蚂蚁 aunt 伯母;婶母;姑母;姨母;舅母come in 过来 come on 鼓励用语 excuse me 对不起 here you are 给你 very much 非常，很多的 no problem 没问题 egg 蛋 great 太好了gr + eat 吃 really 真的，确实结合广告中oppo real 手机 real 表示货真价实，真正的 that 那， 那个 th + at 在……里大big[pig 是猪可结合起来记忆]小small[结合广告中的tmall 商城来记] 长long 长[龙long] 短short 高tall 圆roundone two three four five six seven eight nine ten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen 从13到19都以teen 结尾 11 12 13 14 15 2 12 20 都以tw 开头 sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty 7和11很相似，注意区分 16 17 18 19 20drabbit bird deer亲戚亲属家庭成员的英文称呼对于亲属成员的称呼，英、汉两种语言存在很大差异。
【9A文】新发展研究生英语综合教程2第一单元课文内容及翻译
GrowingUp1FiftRRearsagoparentsstillaskedboRsiftheRwantedtogrowuptobepresident ,andaskeditnotjokinglRbutseriouslR.ManRparentswhowerehardlRmoretha npaupersstillbelievedtheirsonscoulddoit.AbrahamLincolnhaddoneit.Wewe reonlRsiRtR-fiveRearsfromLincoln.ManRofgrandfatherwhowalkedamon guscouldremeberLincoln.MenofgrandfatherlRageweretheworstforaskingif Rouwantedtogrowuptobepresident.AsurprisingnumberoflittleboRssaidRes andmeantit.五十年前父母大都会问男孩子们长大后想不想当总统，问这话时一本正经，并非开玩笑。
许多穷得跟乞丐似的父母也仍然相信他们的孩子能当上总统。
亚伯拉罕・林肯就做到了。
我们与林肯那个时代仅仅差65年。
依然健在的许多爷爷辈的人还能记得林肯时代。
就是他们最喜欢问你长大后想不想当总统。
回答说想当的小男孩数量多得惊人，而且他们是当真的。
2IwasaskedmanRtimesmRself.No,Ididn’twanttogrowuptobepresident.MR motherwaspresentduringoneoftheseinterrogations.AnelderlRuncle,having posedtheusualquestionandeRposedmRlackofinterestinthepresidencR,aske d,“Well,whatdoRouwanttobewhenRougrowup.我就曾经被问过多次。
英语二卷作文带翻译
2. Writing: Master a variety of writing styles, such as narrative, descriptive, expository, and argumentative. Practice planning and organizing your ideas, using language effectively, and proofreading your work for errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Title: English Paper 2 Essay with Translation
English Paper 2 is a challenging examination that tests a student's proficiency in English language skills, including reading, writing, and translation. In this essay, we will explore the format of Paper 2, provide tips for success, and offer a sample essay with a translation.
【2013职称英语】综合类概括大意与完成句子题目和译文word汇总
【2013职称英语】综合类概括大意与完成句子题目和译文word汇总概括大意与完成句子目录第一篇The Making of a Success Story第二篇The Paper Chase第三篇English and English Community第四篇Alaska第五篇Why Does Food Cost So Much第六篇How We Form First Impression第七篇How to Argue with Your Boss第八篇Earthquake第九篇Transport and Trade第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language .*第十一篇Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing*第十二篇Intelligence: a Changed View+第十三篇Screen Test.+ 第十四篇Heartbeat of America+ 第十五篇Smoke Gets in Your Mind第一篇The Making of a Success Story阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后的练习分两部分,第一部分要求从所给的选项里选出所标段落的段落标题；第二部分要求根据文章的内容用所给的选项来完成句子。
The Making of a Success Story1 IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer, and man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs . Born in Sweden in 1926 , Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child , he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches ,seeds ,and pencils in his community .When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades .Naturally he used it to start up a business-IKEA.2 IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.)and the place where he grew up (`E` and `A`). Today IKEA is known for its modern , minimalist furniture , but it was not a furniture company in the beginning .Rather, IKEA sold all kind of miscellaneous goods ,Kamprad's ware included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices ,including watches ,pens and stockings .3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home. Initial sales were very encouraging , so Kamprad expanded the product line . Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.4 In 1953 IKEA opend its first showroom in Almhult ,Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture in attractive settings ,but in the early 1950s ,people ordered from catalogues ,Thus response to thefirst showroom was overwhelming:people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it . This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive .By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture .5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport . Kamprad was inspired .The man had given him a great idea :flat packaging . Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers .IKEA tried it and sales soared . The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves ,but over time ,evem this grew into an advantage for IKEA . Nowadays ,IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency .This image has done wonders for the company ,leading to better sales and continued expansion.6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries .Amazingly ,Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-help company .In 2004 he was named the world's richest man , He currently lives in Switzerland and is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself , though ,just keeps on growing.1. Paragraph 2 ____.2. Paragraph 3 ____.3. Paragraph 4 ____.4. Paragraph 5 ____.A. Ingvar Kamprad – a born businessmanB. Success brought by the introduction of showroomsC. The origin of IKEAD. Specialization in selling furnitureE. Flat packaging – a feature of IKEAF. World-wide expansion of IKEA5. Even when he was only a child, ____.6. ____, and years later became a big company specialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture.7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA‘s showrooms because ____.8. As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers, ____.A. IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of cheap things.B. it is highly welcomed by bothC. Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent for doing business.D. he lives happily in retirementE. here they can see and try the furniture they are going to buy.F. Ingvar successfully manages the company all by himself答案与题解：C第二^介绍了IKEA这个店名的来源以及它刚开始的时候是一家什么样的小杂货店。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文(2)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文（2）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，补全短文部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus，trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.(1) They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. ⑵Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. (3)Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts，considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement.(4)(5) Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers，and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.注释：concerned:作定语时常常放在所修饰的词或短语的后面，表示“有关的”。
职称英语 c级 第3部分：概括大意
第一篇：More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up1 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.23 These findings, which Dr Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine3, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside4 more than 8 hours a night He added that “it might be a good idea” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep — for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.5 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to- day functioning5.6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed “It stands to reason6 that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake,” he said.词汇：refresh / r?’fre?/ v.(使)精力恢复questionnaire / ,kwest??’ne?(r)/ n.问卷psychosomatic / ,sa?k??s?’m?t?k / adj.(指疾病)由精神压力引起的fatigue / f?’ti:g / n.疲劳caution / ’k?:??n/ v.警告insomnia / ?n’s?mn??/ n.失眠habitually / h?’b?tj??l?, - t??-/ adv.习惯地注释：1.clock up：时间达到2.they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers：falling和feeling都是说明trouble的。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材概况大意文章及译文(3)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材概况大意文章及译文（3）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，概括大意部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
English and English Community1 There is no denying that1 English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity2 to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the conimunity share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in aneighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience3, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.4 English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language.4 English has been adoptedas the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.5 Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture;5 a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of theentire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.注释：1.There is no denying that…：毫无疑问……2.uniformity：一致性。
高二英语文科必学的知识点概括
高二英语文科必学的知识点概括1paper复数：papers。
paper，作名词时意思是“纸;论文;文件;报纸”，作及物动词时意思是“用纸糊;用纸包装”，作不及物动词时意思是“贴糊墙纸;发交通违章传票”，作形容词时意思是“纸做的”。
papers基本含义n.纸;纸张;报纸;文件;文献;v.贴壁纸;paper的第三人称单数和复数;I had papers relating to the children which my wife and I had to sign.我有一些关于孩子的文件需要我和妻子签字。
原型：paperpaper基本含义n.纸;纸张;报纸;文件;文献;v.贴壁纸;He wrote his name down on a piece of paper for me.他把他的名字写在一张纸上交给我。
第三人称单数：papers复数：papers现在分词：papering过去式：papered过去分词：papered高二英语文科必学的知识点概括2一、引导主语从句的连词主要有：从属连词：that whether连接代词：who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever连接副词：when where how why二、用法主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较①主语从句常用it作形式主语，一般常用句型为：It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例如：It is still a question whether she will come or not.It is strange that you should like him.It is still unknown which team will win the match.另外，还有一些比较多见的结构：It turned out that……;It has been proved that……;It happened/occurred that……;It is well-known that……等等②而强调句则不同，它的结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that+从句强调主语：It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄强调宾语：It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us.强调状语：It was in shanghai that I saw the film.判断是否是强调句有一个方法，就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看，看有没有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分，带到你认为缺成分的地方，如果放进去是一句完整的句子了，那就说明是强调句。
名校版英语经典句型考点解析 paper用法
名校版英语经典句型考点解析paper用法各种阅读和社会实践场合paper这个词经常看见，但是，含义颇多，让人发懵，今天就细细分析：1、paper的基本意思是“纸”,通常用作物质名词,不可数。
如表示可数性,则须借助于单位词。
a piece/sheet of paper一片/ 一张纸a package wrapped in brown paper一个牛皮纸包裹recycled paper再生纸She wrote something on a small piece of paper.她在一小片纸上写了点什么。
Take a sheet of paper and draw a line down the middle.拿出一张纸，在中间画一条线。
2.报纸、报社、论文、报告、试卷、试题；答卷、文件、文献、证明、证件等讲是可数名词：I have to write a paper, but I have no paper to write on.我必须写一篇论文，但我没有纸可写。
a local/national paper地方性/ 全国性报纸a daily/evening/Sunday paper日/ 晚/ 星期日报I read about it in the paper .我从报上得知这件事。
I might get a paper in the village.我或许能在村子里找到一份报纸。
I read about the accident in the local paper.我在当地的报纸上看到了这次事故。
Could you watch my bags for me while I buy a paper?我去买份报纸，你能替我照看一下我的包吗？He always reads the paper from cover to cover.他总是把报纸从头到尾全看一遍。
The paper had to publish a correction to the story. 这家报纸不得不对这则新闻报道发一个更正。
2015职称英语综合类概括大意重要篇目 含译文
第二篇The Paper Chase 文件整理"Running a house is lot like running a business." says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. Stephanie Denton是俄亥俄州辛辛那提地区的职业筹划人，专门负责居民和商业部分的文书和记录工作。
他说，"打理房子更像做生意"。
To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips:如何成功地组织文件、账单和其他材料，Denton提供了如下建议：Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. 创造一个可以一直做文书工作的空间。
This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system.这或许是一个成功机制的最重要的部分。
If you can't devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. 如果你没有整张桌子的话，至少要有一个可以移动的小车来储存那些经常使用的文书，还要有一个带两个抽屉的柜子来存放家庭记录。
红本议论文前3篇翻译
The Faceless Teacher互联网已经深入人心。
无论一个人生活在偏远的小屋或硅谷，网上交流的潜力不能被忽略。
面对21世纪，万维网在全球文化角色中必须扮演一个大胆的角色。
这种“虚拟资源”网站像幽灵一样可以转移和消失，它将这样进行执行：在没有经过特定功能的仔细检查是不会被广泛应用的。
互联网是一个无主的实体，在Web上的谴责和自由裁量权是个别发行商的责任。
这就意味着一个学生会在信息爆炸的互联网上找到有用的信息。
过分热心的使用电脑，甚至仅仅是为了减轻扎实的研究负担，有利于方便或为削减成本的险恶目的，将减少从一个创造性的过程中学习到一个点和点击的程序，有效地减少学生从社会学习一个网络部落的猎人和收集者依靠显示器的显示机器的能力和死记硬背。
电脑屏幕上空白的面容，像一个不露脸的老师，在线教育的未来是一个可怕的前景。
信息像印刷业一样被呈现，然而转移的媒介正在消亡。
学生可能接受相关的信息，但是，学习不是被动观察，是在动态的不确定性和意图中快速发生。
学生进入课堂学习，同时另一个人必须提供细微差别，激励，和有意识的反馈，总之，就像简单的生物活性，激发学生的心灵。
教授提供了另一个一生的经验与学生的个人现实对比。
仅此相互作用打破个人偏见的约束，有助于形成一个重要的批判性思维技能：客观性。
在正式课堂上，非正式的社会场景被抛至一旁，需求的是一个新的修辞学科和讨论。
人类的老师，虽不是万无一失的，但对一个单一的问题可以提出不同的解决方案，表现出客观性和理解，以及论证解决问题的不同路径。
计算机可以计算和显示，但教师可以计算和设计。
创新是一种用创造性的方法解决问题的能力，一个人如何能获得这种能力，直接面对问题和通过他们工作是唯一的方法，教育不仅提供原始数据而且提供处理原始数据和通过用创新塑造的把信息形成思想的模板的策略，最终的舞台会在挑战问题上使用这些武器，输入命令形成搜索引擎或从屏幕上删除一条错误的色情广告不教或甚至需要部分学生批判性思维或创新，课程隐藏在学习交叉引用，对话的根本的质询和在简单持续的痛快的点击鼠标中搜索非知识的如此重要的规律的过程中，信息获得的放松提供给学生大量的资源但是阻碍了批判性和灵活性的发展，参考解释这种材料的价值，计算机能够呈现但是不能教授，学生独自遨游在信息的海洋里，没有前进的办法。
2014CATTI_二级笔译真题加解析
2014年5月CATTI二笔真题完整版+解析翻译爱好者联盟提供本次考试中，英译汉的两个语篇均来自《纽约时报》：一篇是关于乔布斯夫人的介绍，另一篇是关于人文学科衰败的报道。
从词汇角度来看，这两篇文章属于中规中矩，不需要考生在考场上频繁查阅词典。
正如我们在三级笔译试题点评中所言，《纽约时报》的文章句子结构并不复杂，语句的表达更具有口语化的倾向。
从翻译技巧角度分析，第一篇根本上属于记叙文体，第二篇属于论说文体。
第一篇在翻译过程中需要考生适当注意在汉语选词及表达方式上的色彩性，第二篇那么需要考生在选词及表达方式上更侧重严谨性。
这两篇文章在语句理解方面不存在多少难度。
因此，我们在此只将文章给出译文，就不做进一步的讲解了。
英译汉第一篇〔出自2013年5月17日《纽约时报》关于乔布斯夫人的介绍〕Marlene Castro knew the tall blonde woman only as Laurene, her mentor. They met every few weeks in a rough Silicon Valley neighborhood the year that Ms. Castro was applying to college, and they ed often, bonding over conversations about Ms. Castro’s difficult childhood. Without Laurene’s help, Ms. Castro said, she might not have become the first person in her family to graduate from college.马勒尼·卡斯特罗当初只知道那位高挑身材，金发碧眼的女士名叫劳伦，是她的导师。
卡斯特罗女士准备申请大学那年，每隔几个星期，她们就会在硅谷附近的一个简陋的社区里见面，也会经常互通，常聊起卡斯特罗女士艰辛童年的话题。
资料(2)
心得体会通过学习《翻译技巧入门》这门选修课，让我对英语翻译有了更深刻的了解。
翻译是一种语言替代另一种语言的过程，在意义不变的情况下，也是改变另一种语言的言语产物的过程。
翻译包含有口译和笔译。
近代翻译名家都对翻译有着的标准，比如严复、鲁迅、林语堂等。
其中翻译的标准主要有两条：忠实和通顺。
忠实是通顺的基础，通顺也是忠实的保证。
不忠实原文而片面追求通顺，那么译文就会失去自身的价值了。
不通顺的译文，必然会影响原文的表达了，更不忠实了。
关于笔译，对于一个句子的翻译，首先词性的判断是不可缺少的。
比如Paper the walls with white paper.其中第一个paper为动词，而第二个paper为名词。
如果不能做到对词性的判断，那么句子就会因某个单词，使得翻译失去意义。
因此对于学习单词的时候，就应当注意单词不同的词性和不同用法，比如present可以是动词、名词、形容词。
词组的搭配对语句的通顺起着关键的作用。
英语中一个单词可以有好几个搭配，比如build a house/ship/fire.在翻译时，就应当去找中文的搭配，而不是把build翻译成同一个词。
比如把它们翻译盖房子、造船、生火，对中文来说就会更加顺口。
情形的理解，即上下文的判断，是对文章的忠实的基础。
同一个词在不同的情形中有着不同的含义。
比如车来了。
在不同情况下，车可以是car,bus,truck,bicycle.等等。
所以动笔翻译之前，就应该先对全文有一个大致的理解，以免出现预料不得的错误。
褒义词、中性词、贬义词的选用也是很重要的一部分。
比如rusult可以是成果、结果、后果，所以在不同的情形下就应该进行选用。
翻译时应当遵循作者的写作风格，比如一个文学家的文章与一个普通人文章，他们的写作风格肯定是不一样的。
口译的要求比笔译更为严格，口译者必须要有良好的心理素质、良好的听力、语言熟练的掌握、反应速度快。
选修课的学习，让我明白了翻译过程应当注意的细节。
论中世纪德意志城市法上的自由
ABSTRACTThe medieval era has always been labelled as a "long night of barbaric darkness". Despite the lack of material life, cultural lag at the beginning of the middle ages, the emergence of cities and towns has completely changed the situation in Europe and Germany, who have no central power at that time, and it also brought Western Europe advanced and brilliant civilization. The topic of this paper is German city law and its freedom on the rule of law in terms of the influence to modern western society and legal concept. The complex historical background of Europe at the beginning of the middle ages and geographical position in European continent make contribution to the lower living conditions of the German society in comparison to other countries in western Europe, while the comprehensive development of the Western European economy, domestic power struggle between secular crown and papacy and the rise of the citizen literature led to the urbanization in Germany. At the same time the city law inherited a certain cultural connotation and innovated.City law which was applied to Western European cities with autonomy in the Middle Ages derived from charter, common practice and guild system with development of urban handicrafts and commercial trade activities. Moreover, medieval cities allied for commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns. Stronger the alliance was; the League would be more independent. For instance, Hanseatic League, who had their own legal system and furnished their own armies for mutual protection and aid, gained economic and political power with its business thus endowing city law the characteristics of modern international law during the heyday of urbanization. As a result of multi- aspect interests such as political and religious compromise, German city law is a product of emperors, lords and barons, as well as the Pope’s power strugg le. coordinating the conflict of imperial power and magisterium due to the Reformation and Revolution. It showed a strong sense of expression from the people's desire for freedom. This essay focuses on The Freedom of The Medieval City Law In Germany, although cannot be as detailed as monographs, it elaborates on the ideological basis of freedom and influence as much as possible.The paper introduces the European environment and condition in the Middle Ages, including the rise of the empire free city and urbanization in Germany. German city lawwith "freedom" at its core has basically taken shape by the main factors: economics, religion and politics. Freedom of the German city law in the Middle Ages portraits a significant role on the rule of law in modern western countries.Keywords: Middle Ages, City Law, Freedom, Germany目录中文摘要 (I)英文摘要 (II)1 引言 (1)2 文献评述 (2)2.1 国外研究现状 (2)2.2 国内的研究状况 (5)2.3 其他文博、多媒体资料 (6)3 中世纪德意志的背景考察 (8)3.1 黑暗的中世纪 (8)3.1.1 帝国格局混乱 (9)3.1.2 文化滞后 (12)3.2 中世纪德意志城市化 (13)3.2.1 帝国自由市的兴起 (13)3.2.2 城市化 (15)3.3 中世纪德意志的城市文明 (16)3.3.1 中世纪早期 (16)3.3.2 骑士文化与市民文学 (17)4 中世纪德意志城市法中的自由表现 (19)4.1 德意志城市法中的自由思想 (19)4.1.1 城市法律体系蕴含自由意志 (19)4.1.2 城市法的内容规定自由权利 (21)4.2 城市法自由的制度体现 (23)4.2.1 城市法典汇编 (24)4.2.2 行会制度 (26)4.2.3 城市司法自治 (27)4.3 “国际化”层面的城市法自由 (28)4.3.1 城市同盟 (28)4.3.2 同盟法令 (30)5 德意志城市法自由的原因探寻 (33)5.1 地理环境 (33)5.2 经济繁荣 (34)5.3 政教博弈 (35)6 结语 (38)致谢 (39)参考文献 (40)附录 (43)A.作者在攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文目录 (43)重庆 1 引言1 引言德国城市的起源可以追溯到德国和欧洲还是共同体时的中世纪，在当时流传着至今为全世界人所熟知的德语俗谚“Die Stadtluft macht frei”（城市的空气使人自由）说明城市给德意志人带来生活、精神方面的巨大影响，因此本文将研究内容界定在这一时间段和地域范围内。
英文新闻翻译与分析加生词解析 Chinese Potter
短语 consummate ways 完善措施 consummate exquisite 精湛的 Consummate Insider 内部人士 Consummate Craftsman 巨匠 complementarity consummate 补充 Consummate love 完美的爱 Consummate Host 特有的完美东道主 Honesty Consummate 诚信至上 consummate consumers 完美的消费者
（2）仰韶文化——庙底沟类型 B. C. 3900前后
1953年发现于河南陕县庙底沟。 分布为甘肃、青海、陕西、山西、河南等。 器形仍以盆、钵、瓶为主，还出现了瓮、罐等，造型多平底， 大口、曲壁、小底，形体多呈倒三角形。 纹饰有：① 植物纹，多呈旋花纹、叶状纹；② 动物纹，较少见 ，有蛙、鸟等形象；③ 编织纹，有线纹、篮纹、绳纹；④ 几何 纹，主要由圆点、钩叶、弧线三角和曲线等组成的带状花纹。
屈家岭文化
屈家岭文化的陶器多为手制，但快轮制陶已普及。器表光洁，似经 过打磨。陶色以灰色为主，黑色次之，另有少量红陶及桔黄色陶。陶器 器表多素面，有纹饰的较少，纹饰常见弦纹、篮纹、瓦棱纹及镂空装饰。 彩陶的绘制方法有特点，作笔有浓淡，不讲究线条，里外皆施彩。 陶衣有红、白等色，施加陶衣后用黑色或赭色彩绘出带形纹、网格纹、 圆点纹和弧三角纹。另有较多的彩陶纺轮，其横截面有椭圆形、长条形 等，纺轮上先施米黄色陶衣，然后彩绘出旋涡纹、平行线纹、同心圆纹、 卵点纹和短弧线纹。 屈家岭文化的陶器圈足器发达，三足器较多，平底器较少，不见圜 底器，器形有罐形鼎、高领罐、高圈足杯、薄胎杯、壶形器等。
翻译： 随着时间的流逝，陶瓷技术日趋完善。在不同的时间和地区出现了不同类 型的陶器。距今5000 - 7000年的仰韶文化开发出一种彩绘陶瓷技术。距今 约4000年的屈家岭文化和龙山文化以黑色陶瓷制品闻名。在商代（第十六公元前第十一世纪）青铜器变成某种身份的象征；普通人依然使用传统的 粘土陶瓷制品。制作灰色和白色陶瓷的陶工采用青铜器的艺术特色，华丽 地装饰陶瓷。 语言点： dating back to= go back as far as 追溯到
paper翻译
paper翻译基本解释●paper：纸，论文，报纸●/ˈpeɪpər/●n. 纸，论文，报纸●v. 用纸覆盖变化形式●n. 复数形式：papers●v. 第三人称单数：papers●过去式：papered●过去分词：papered●现在分词：papering具体用法●●n.:o纸o同义词：parchment, sheet, papyrus, vellum, card o反义词：metal, plastic, glass, stone, woodo例句：●The artist used a special type of paper to create hermasterpiece, which took her several months to complete.●艺术家使用了一种特殊类型的纸来创作她的杰作，这花费了她几个月的时间。
●In the digital age, many people still prefer reading a physicalnewspaper every morning with their coffee.●在数字时代，许多人仍然喜欢每天早晨喝咖啡时阅读实体报纸。
●The student submitted his final paper on environmentalscience, which was well-received by his professors.●学生提交了他的环境科学期末论文，得到了教授们的好评。
●She wrapped the gift in colorful paper and added a ribbon tomake it look more festive.●她用彩色纸包裹礼物，并加上丝带使其看起来更有节日气氛。
●The teacher handed out sheets of paper for the students towrite their essays during the exam.●老师分发了纸张，让学生在考试期间写作文。
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第二篇The Paper Chase 文件整理
"Running a house is lot like running a business." says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. Stephanie Denton是俄亥俄州辛辛那提地区的职业筹划人，专门负责居民和商业部分的文书和记录工作。
他说，"打理房子更像做生意"。
To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips:如何成功地组织文件、账单和其他材料，Denton提供了如下建议：Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. 创造一个可以一直做文书工作的空间。
This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system.这或许是一个成功机制的最重要的部分。
If you can't devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. 如果你没有整张桌子的话，至少要有一个可以移动的小车来储存那些经常使用的文书，还要有一个带两个抽屉的柜子来存放家庭记录。
Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work.把这个可移动的小车放在你工作最方便、最舒适的地方，whether
that is the kitchen, office, or family room.无论是厨房、办公室还是家庭游艺室。
When in doubt, throw it out, the first step to implementing a workable filling system is to eliminate paper you don't use, don't need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. 当有怀疑的时候，就把它扔出来。
建立一个可行的档案系统，首先要把那些你不用、不需要或者你可以在其他地方轻易得到的文件扔掉。
Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings you'll never have an opportunity to use or even read.扔掉那些复件、旧索引和所有你永远不会有机会使用甚至阅读的优待券、邮件和礼券。
Set aside two days a month to pay bills.每个月留出两天时间付账单。
if a monthly due date doesn't fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date.如果每个月的结账日期不适合你，打电话给你的债权人并建议换一个更方便的日期。
Keep two manila folders at the front of your system for current bills - one to correspond with each bill-paying day - and file all incoming bills. 在你当前的账单系统前放两个马尼拉折叠夹为最近的账单，建立一个与每个结账日相对应的账单系统，和用来整理所有进来的账单。
Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid
in case the invoice never arrives or gets misplaces.在每个需要付账的文件夹前列一个清单以防发票没到或者放错了地方。
Think of your filling system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs.你的档案系统不是一个严格的工具，而是一个活生生的、能够呼吸的、能适应你不断变化需要的系统。
A good filling system is both mentally and physically flexible. 一个好的档案系统要有心理和身体两个方面的灵活性。
Everyone's needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself: "Where would I look for this?"Denton说，每个人的需要都是不同的，但是在设计档案系统前问问自己，"我要到哪儿去找它呢?" Create main headings for your filling system, such as investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.为你的档案系统加上主要的标题，比如投资、税务、孩子等，然后将文件夹分类放在标题下。
不要把你的文件夹塞得过满。
练习：
1. Paragraph 2 __________
2. Paragraph 3 __________
3. Paragraph 4 __________
4. Paragraph 5 __________
A. Find a Place to Work on
B. Implementing a Workable Filing System
C. What Is a Good Filing System
D. How to Invest in a Rolling File Cart
E. Get Rid of Unimportant Things
F. Dealing With Bills
5. Stephanie Denton is expert ____________________.
6. You can put your file cart anywhere you like, on condition ____________________.
7. Coupons should be thrown away because ____________________.
8. "Mentally flexible" indicates the fact ____________________.
A. they are useless
B. in paper chase
C. that it is easily reached
D. that different people have different requirements
E. they are not comfortable
F. in investing in coupons。