职称英语考试资料——概括大意完成句子

概括大意完成句子：

Intelligence a Changed View

1. Paragraph 2 C. Effect of Environment on Intelligence

2. Paragraph 4 A. Main Results of Recent Researches

3. Paragraph 5 F. A Changed View of Intelligence

4. Paragraph 6 E. Impact on School Education

5.It was once believed D. that intelligence was something a baby was born with, and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future according to his/her intelligence.

6.More recent researches has shown that intelligence is only partly inherited F. and partly has to do with a child‟s living environment .

7.It can be inferred from the passage that a child will B. have a better chance to develop his intelligence if he has more opportunities to communicate with others by means of language.

8.Children were not just born to be more intelligent or less intelligent, but they can be taught to be more intelligent at school.

1. Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its value therefore,was as a predictor of children's future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn'complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious.Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education.

2. Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.

3. There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence. Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence, whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Researches have been investigating what happens in this interaction.

4.Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, he most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter's lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences

5. These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now see itas a set of developed skills with which a person, copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed, one of them is learning how to learn.

6.The modem ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer children will be given the label "low IQ7'' which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not society's eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.

Is There a Way to Keep the Britain…s Economy Growing?

1.Paragraph 2 E Gift of talking

2.Paragraph 3 C Strength of the Creative Economy

3.Paragraph 4 D Weakness of the Creative Economy

4.Paragraph 5 B “Servant” Economy

5.Every country has its own way C to feed its people．

6.The British government doesn't seem_F to worry about the British economy_．

7.The creative industries find it difficult_E to make a profit.

8.Many graduates are employed B to do low-skill lobs.

1.In to day′s knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best．Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering techniques．The French serve，the best food and Americans make computers．

2.Britain specializes in the gift of talking．The nation doesn′t manufacture much of anything．But it has lawyers，stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk talk and more talk．The World Foundation think tank says the UK′s four iconic jobs today are not scientists，engineers，teachers and nurses．Instead，they′re hairdressers，celebrities，management consultants and managers．But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can．

3.Although the country′s trade deficit was more than￡60 billion in 2006，UK′s l argest in the postwar period，officials say the country has nothing to worry about．In fact，Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry‚and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad．It also trades services-accountancy，insurance，banking and advertising．The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy．After all，me country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud．Rock…n‟roll is an English language medium，and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands．In other words，the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy.

4.However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK′s exports of goods and services．The industries are finding it hard to make a profit，according to a report of the National Endowment for Science，Technology and the Arts The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in ”innovation activities”，3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany(61 percent)and Sweden(47 percent)．

5.In fact，it might be better to call Britain a “servant”economy-there are at least 4 million people“in service”．The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook，clean，and take care of their children．Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree．Most employment growth has been，and will continue to be，at the low-skill end of the service sector-in shops，bars，hotels，domestic service and in nursing and care homes．