管理信息系统GLOBALEBUSINESSANDCOLLABORATION
信息管理系统 名词缩写
第一章信息系统information system, IS信息技术information technology, IT赛事管理系统games management system, GMS信息传播系统information diffusion system, IDS电子数据处理EDP管理信息系统management information support system，MIS 经理信息系统EIS人工智能AI专家系统ES战略信息系统SIS企业资源计划ERP企业协作系统enterprise collaboration system电子商务electronic commerce运营处理系统operations support system事务处理系统transaction processing system零售点point-of-sale，POS过程控制系统process control system办公自动化系统（企业协作系统enterprise collaboration system）决策信息系统decision support system，DSS经理信息系统executive information system, EIS专家系统expert system知识管理系统knowledge management system，KMS企业职能系统functional business system战略信息系统strategic information system 具有交叉功能的信息系统cross-functional information system信息系统模型information system model信息系统专家IS specialist第二章竞争战略competitive strategy锁定客户与供应商lock in customers and suppliers跨企业的信息系统interenterprise information system发挥信息技术投资的杠杆效应leverage investment in information technology 以客户为中心的企业customer-focused business客户关系管理customer relationship management，CRM业务流程重组business process reengineering，BPR企业资源计划ERP知识创造型企业knowledge-creating company第七章电子化e-business企业应用体系结构enterprise application architecture企业资源计划enterprise resource planning，ERP客户关系管理customer relationship management，CRW业务伙伴关系管理partner relationship management，PRM供应链管理supply chain management，SCM企业应用集成enterprise application integration，EAI事务处理系统transaction processing system，TPS在线事务处理系统online transaction processing system事务处理周期transaction processing cycle企业协作系统enterprises collaboration system，ESC职能业务系统functional business system营销信息系统marketing information system销售人员自动化sales force automation计算机集成制造computer-integrated manufacturing，CIM计算机辅助工程computer-aided engineering，CAE计算机辅助设计computer-aided design，CAD计算机辅助工艺设计computer-sided process planning物料需求计划material requirements planning，MRP制造资源计划manufacturing resources planning制造执行系统manufacturing execution system人力资源信息系统human resource information system人力资源管理HRM在线HRM系统online HRM system会计信息系统accounting information system财务管理系统financial management system第八章业务伙伴关系管理partnenr relationship management，PRM 企业资源计划enterprise resource planning，ERP 供应链管理supply chain management，SCM第九章电子商务electronic commerce企业对消费者（B2C）电子商务企业对企业（B2B）电子商务消费者对消费者（C2C）电子商务实时的个性化real-time personalization，RTP电子支付系统electronic payment system电子资金转账electronic funds transfer，EFT安全电子交易secure electronic transaction，SET一对一营销one-to-one marketing常见问答列表frequently asked question，FAQ对等网络P2P（Peer to Peer）。
管理信息系统
管理信息系统第一章当今全球商业中的信息系统1.互补性资产是指确保基本投资获得价值的资产。
如要实现汽车价值，就需要大量互补性资产投资，注入高速公路、马路、加油站、维修设施，以及制定标准和管理司机的一套法律规范体系等。
2.商业模式描述的是企业如何通过生产、运输和销售产品或服务创造财富。
3.业务流程是指组织按照时间顺序开发的逻辑上相关的一系列任务和行动，以产生特定的业务结果以及组织与协调业务活动的特定方式。
4.信息系统如何转变业务，与全球化的关系是什么？答：电子邮件、网络会议、智能手机和平板电脑已成成为开展商务活动的基本工具。
信息系统是快节奏供应链的基础。
互联网让许多企业实现了在线采购、销售、广告和收集客户反馈。
通过核心业务流程的数字化，组织均正在逐渐演化成数字化公司，努力试图变得更有竞争力和富有效率。
互联网让我们可以大大降低生产、采购成本，可以在全球范围内销售产品，从而刺激了全球化发展。
信息系统发展的新趋势包括：新兴的移动数字平台、在线的软件即服务（SaaS）和云计算等。
5.什么是互补性资产？为什么互补性资产在确保信息系统提供给组织真正的价值上是必不可少的？答：为了从信息系统中获得有意义的价值，组织在投资技术的同时必须辅以对组织和管理方面的互补性资产投资。
这些互补性资产包括新的业务模式和业务流程、组织文化和管理行为、合适的技术标准、规则和法律等。
当企业投资新的信息技术时，企业除非进行适当的管理和组织变革以支持该技术，否则不太可能获得高回报。
6.管理信息系统是什么？为什么做服务？是哪两个学科交叉结合的？依赖于什么学科发展？答：信息系统：从技术的角度看，信息系统从组织内外部手机、储存和分发信息，以支持组织的各项职能和决策、沟通、协调、控制、分析和可视化。
信息系统通过三个基本活动——输入、处理和输出，将原始数据转化为有用的信息。
从业务角度看，信息系统是为公司创造价值的重要手段，是一系列获取、处理和分发信息的增值活动的一部分，管理者可利用这些信息改善决策制定，提升组织绩效，最终提升公司的盈利能力。
管理信息系统(第9版)精要版原书英文版题库答案第2章
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 9e (Laudon/Laudon)Chapter 2 Global E-Business and Collaboration1) Senior management is responsible for directing the day-to-day activities of the business. Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 44-45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension2) Operational-level manufacturing systems deal with the firm's long-term manufacturing goals, such as where to locate a new plant.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize, differentiate3) Transaction processing systems are most commonly encountered at the senior management level of an organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension4) TPS help managers monitor the firm's relations with the external environment.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension5) A hotel reservation system is a typical example of a management information system. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 48-49AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize6) The decision to grant credit to a customer is normally made by a senior manager. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension7) Transaction processing systems are the basic business systems that serve the operational level of the organization.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension8) Management information systems primarily support nonroutine decision making. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension9) Most MISs use sophisticated mathematical models or statistical techniques.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension10) Deciding whether to introduce a new product line is the responsibility of an operational manager.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize11) Decision-support systems help managers make decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension12) Decision-support systems often use information from external sources.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 50AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension13) ESSs are designed to serve the middle management of the organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension14) ESSs are designed to incorporate data about external events, but they also draw summarized information from internal MIS and DSS.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension15) ESSs are designed primarily to solve specific problems.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension16) Information supplied by an enterprise system is structured around cross-functional business processes.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 54AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension17) Supply chain management systems are more externally oriented than enterprise systems. Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare18) Knowledge management systems are used to gather and distribute the firm's essential operational data, such as sales reports.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension19) Cell phones are one of the tools firms use to support teamwork and collaboration. Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 60AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension20) The five basic entities that make up any business are suppliers, customers, employees, products and services, and:A) its environment.B) manufacturing and production.C) sales and marketing.D) invoices and payments.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 42AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension21) Promoting the organization's products or services is a responsibility of the ________ function.A) finance and accountingB) human resourcesC) manufacturing and productionD) sales and marketingAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 43AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension22) Checking for product quality is an activity associated with the ________ function.A) finance and accountingB) human resourcesC) manufacturing and productionD) sales and marketingAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 43AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension23) Which of the following is a cross-functional business process?A) Hiring an employeeB) Identifying a customerC) Fulfilling a customer orderD) Creating an invoiceAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 44AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension24) Employees that assist with paperwork at all levels of the firm are called:A) data workers.B) knowledge workers.C) operational management.D) service workers.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension25) The three principal levels of hierarchies within a business organization are:A) management, knowledge workers, and service workers.B) senior management, middle management, and operational management.C) management, data workers, and operational management.D) senior management, operational management, and workers.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension26) Key forces in a business's immediate environment include:A) regulations.B) technology.C) economy.D) politics.Answer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 45-46AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension27) Engineers and architects are examples of:A) senior management.B) production workers.C) knowledge workers.D) middle management.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension28) Which of the following is an example of a key force in a firm's broader, less immediate environment?A) stockholdersB) regulationsC) shipping firmsD) economic trendsAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 46AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension29) A computerized system that performs and records the daily dealings necessary to conduct business is classified as a(n):A) executive support system.B) management-level system.C) decision support system.D) transaction-processing system.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension30) Which type of system would you use to change a production schedule if a key supplier was late in delivering goods?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47-48AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of differentiate and appraise31) A relocation control system that reports summaries on the total moving, house-hunting, and home financing costs for employees in all company divisions would fall into the category of:A) knowledge management systems.B) transaction support systems.C) executive-support systems.D) management information systems.Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize32) The term "management information systems" designates a specific category of information systems serving:A) integrated data processing throughout the firm.B) transaction process reporting.C) senior managementD) middle management functions.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension33) These systems are designed to summarize and report on the company's basic operations.A) Management information systemsB) Decision-support systemsC) Executive information systemsD) Transaction processing systemsAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension34) ________ support making decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance.A) Management information systemsB) Transaction processing systemsC) Executive support systemsD) Decision-support systemsAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension35) Which type of system would you use to determine the five suppliers with the worst record in delivering goods on time?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 48-49AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of differentiate and appraise36) These systems are especially suited to situations in which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance.A) Management information systemsB) Transaction processing systemsC) Decision-support systemsD) Knowledge management systemsAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension37) Which type of system would you use to forecast the return on investment if you used new suppliers with better delivery track records?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49-50AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize38) Decision-support systems are also referred to as:A) business information systems.B) business intelligence systems.C) executive support systems.D) business model systems.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 50AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension39) Executive support systems are information systems that support the:A) long-range planning activities of senior management.B) knowledge and data workers in an organization.C) decision-making and administrative activities of middle managers.D) day-to-day processes of production.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension40) ESS are specifically designed to serve the ________ level of the organization.A) operationalB) end-userC) middle managementD) senior managementAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension41) Which type of system would you use to determine what trends in your supplier's industry will affect your firm the most in five years?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize42) ________ systems often deliver information to senior executives through a portal.A) Transaction processingB) Executive supportC) Management informationD) Decision-supportAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension43) A POS system, such as the one selected by Johnny's Lunch in the chapter case study, falls into which category of information system?A) TPSB) KWSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 52AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize44) These systems are designed to support organization-wide process coordination and integration.A) Decision-support systemsB) Management information systemsC) CRMD) Enterprise applicationsAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 53AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension45) A(n) ________ collects data from various key business processes and stores the data in a single comprehensive data repository, usable by other parts of the business.A) transaction processing systemB) enterprise systemC) automatic reporting systemD) management information systemAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 54AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension46) What is the most important benefit of an enterprise application?A) Enabling speed of communicating.B) Enabling business functions and departments to share information.C) Enabling a company to work collaboratively with customers and suppliers.D) Enabling cost-effective, e-business processes.Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 53-54AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of appraise, evaluate47) ________ systems integrate and share information from suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and logistics companies.A) Collaborative distributionB) Supply-chain managementC) Reverse logisticsD) Enterprise planningAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 54AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension48) ________ systems provide information to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention.A) CRMB) MISC) ESSD) CPSAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension49) Which type of information system would an intranet be most easily adapted to?A) CRMB) MISC) TPSD) KMSAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing information together50) Which of the following types of system could be used to enable different firms to work collaboratively on a product?A) intranetB) extranetC) KMSD) CRMAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of appraise51) You manage the Information Systems department at a small startup Internet advertiser. You need to set up an inexpensive system that allows customers to see real-time statistics such as views and click-throughs about their current banner ads. Which type of system will most efficiently provide a solution?A) CRMB) Enterprise systemC) ExtranetD) IntranetAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Evaluation in terms of assess, choose52) Buying or selling goods over the Internet is called:A) e-commerce.B) e-business.C) an intranet.D) an extranet.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 56AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension53) The use of digital technology and the Internet to execute the major business processes in the enterprise is called:A) e-commerce.B) e-business.C) enterprise applications.D) MIS.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 56AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension54) You work for a highly successful advertiser that is just about to expand nationally. Of utmost importance will be finding a way to store and disseminate their client's frequently updated branding and style guides to all of their branches. The guides include multiple image files and text documents. What system will best serve these needs?A) A wikiB) An extranet with KMS capabilitiesC) A TPS with KMS capabilitiesD) An ESS with collaboration capabilitiesAnswer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 54-65AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing information together55) Interaction jobs are those jobs which:A) are in the service sector and require close coordination, and collaboration.B) involve knowledge that can't be put into an information system.C) are performed typically by operational-level employees.D) require intense levels of interaction with clients.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 57AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension56) You have been hired by Inspiration Inc, to help improve their profit margin. Inspiration Inc. is a business communications consultancy that services many clients in different industries throughout the U.S. The end products of the company are customized recommendations for the best use of a client's existing resources for improving internal communications, typically delivered via documentation in different media. The company has approximately 100 consultants all of whom are located in their central headquarters in Chicago. What system do you recommend to improve the company's business processes and increase their profit margin?A) Extranet, to enable quick collaboration over the Internet, minimize the time spent communicating with the client, and minimize the amount of paperwork neededB) CRM, to maintain easily accessible customer records to minimize the time spent looking for client dataC) KMS, for minimizing redundant work on similar clientsD) Video conferencing system, for improving collaborationAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 55-61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing information together57) In a business environment, the focus of collaboration is to:A) accomplish the task at hand.B) provide a sense of community.C) foster better communication.D) prevent miscommunication.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 56AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension58) Which of the following statements is NOT true about collaboration in a business setting?A) Collaboration may be a short-lived activity, lasting just a few minutes.B) Collaboration is a many-to-many activity as opposed to a one-to-one or one-to-many activity.C) Meaningful collaboration requires a supportive business firm culture and the right, decentralized structure.D) The evidence of the business benefits of collaboration are largely anecdotal.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 56-59AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension59) Which of the following tools is NOT one of the most important 15 types of collaboration software tools?A) screen sharingB) video streamingC) video conferencingD) e-mail and instant messagingAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 60AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension60) A wiki is a type of:A) social networking site.B) blogging.C) video conferencing.D) Web site designed for collaborative writing and editing.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension61) Second Life is an example of a:A) virtual world.B) wiki.C) social networking site.D) mind mapping tool.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension62) The most widely used collaboration software tool used by very large firms is:A) Lotus Notes.B) Microsoft SharePoint.C) Google Apps.D) Onehub.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 65AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension63) What analytical framework discussed in the chapter helps understand and evaluate the benefits and uses of collaboration tools?A) cost/use matrixB) task/time matrixC) space/cost matrixD) time/space matrixAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 67AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension64) Which of the following collaboration tools would be appropriate for participants in separate locations who need to collaborate synchronously?A) blogB) team roomC) electronic meeting softwareD) group calendarAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 67AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare65) The ________ is responsible for ensuring that the company complies with existing data privacy laws.A) CPOB) CKOC) CIOD) CIPAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension66) The principal liaison between the information systems groups and the rest of the organization is a(n):A) programmer.B) information systems manager.C) systems analyst.D) CIO.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension67) A ________ is a senior manager who oversees the use of IT in the firm.A) CEOB) CFOC) CIOD) CITAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension68) Development and support services for a firm's business systems are provided by:A) IT educational services.B) IT management services.C) Application software services.D) IT standards services.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 69AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension69) Policies that determine which information technology will be used, when, and how are provided by:A) IT educational services.B) IT management services.C) Application software services.D) IT standards services.Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 69AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension70) A(n) ________ is a set of logically related activities for accomplishing a specific business result.Answer: business processDiff: 1 Page Ref: 42AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension71) A firm depends heavily on its ________ to supply capital, labor, customers, new technology, services and products, stable markets and legal systems, and general educational resources. Answer: environmentDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension72) The ________ function is responsible for attracting, developing, and maintaining the firm's workforce.Answer: human resourcesDiff: 1 Page Ref: 43AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension73) Managers need ________ systems to monitor the status of internal operations and the firm's relations with the external environment.Answer: transaction processingDiff: 2 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension74) A(n) ________ is used by middle management to support nonroutine decision making. Answer: decision-support system/DSSDiff: 1 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension75) ________ applications span the entire firm, integrating information from multiple functions and business processes to enhance the performance of the organization as a whole.Answer: EnterpriseDiff: 1 Page Ref: 53AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension76) Supply chain management systems are one type of ________ system because they automate the flow of information across organizational boundaries.Answer: interorganizationalDiff: 3 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension77) ________ are highly trained technical specialists who write the software instructions for computers.Answer: ProgrammersDiff: 1 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension78) ________ are representatives of departments outside of the information systems group for whom applications are developed.Answer: End usersDiff: 2 Page Ref: 69AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension79) ________ technology allows a videoconference participant to give the appearance of being present at a location other than his or her true physical location.Answer: TelepresenceDiff: 3 Page Ref: 61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension80) Identify the different types of systems used for the different levels of management in a business.Answer: The types of information systems used for different levels of management are transaction processing systems (TPS), management information systems (MIS), decision-support systems (DSS), and executive support systems (ESS). TPS, such as payroll or order processing, track the flow of the daily routine transactions that are necessary to conduct business. They are used by operational managers to manage day-to-day operations. MIS summarize and report on the c ompany’s basic operations using data supplied by TPS. They provide middle managers with reports on the organization’s current performance and are not highly analytical. DSS also support middle management decisions when these decisions are unique, rapidly changing, and not specified easily in advance. They use advanced analytical models and data analysis capabilities and often draw on information from external as well as internal sources. ESS support senior management by providing data of greatest importance to senior management decision makers. ESS provide a generalized computing and communications capacity that can be applied to a changing array of problems. ESS present graphs and data from many sources through an interface that is easy for senior managers to use, often a portal.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 47-51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Synthesis in terms of generalize81) In your opinion, what are at least three factors that contribute to the difficulty of integrating systems for different organizational levels and functions within an organization? Support your answer.Answer: An example answer is: Three factors that can contribute include different computing environments; different data kept; and employee resistance. Different computing environments can make it difficult in terms of programming to connect the systems together. If the systems have kept different types of data and different records, this may also be a hindrance. For example, if some elements in a database are recorded differently, such as a customer ID not being the same in one area as another, this would make consistency a problem and may contribute to redundant information. There may also be resistance to adopting new, integrative systems that are more efficient because these may change business processes and the functions of employees. People working in an organization may not want to lose the responsibilities they have and the functions they understand.Diff: 3 Page Ref: 53AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of assess, compare82) Discuss at least three reasons why collaboration and teamwork are more important today than ever.Answer: Collaboration and teamwork are more important today than ever for a variety of reasons. For one, the nature of work has changed from factory manufacturing andpre-computer office work. Today, the kinds of jobs we have require much closer coordination and interaction among the parties involved in producing the service or product. Another reason is that the organization of work has changed. For most of the industrial age, work was organized in a hierarchical fashion. Orders came down the hierarchy, and responses moved back up the hierarchy. Today, work is organized into groups and teams, who are expected to develop their own methods for accomplishing the task. Senior managers observe and measure results, but are much less likely to issue detailed orders or operating procedures. Another reason is the need to manage work from global locations: The work of the firm has changed from a single location to multiple locations - offices throughout a region, a nation, or even around the globe. Global competition also places a premium on innovation. Innovation is a group and social process, and most innovations derive from collaboration among individuals in a lab, a business, or government agencies. Strong collaborative practices and technologies are believed to increase the rate and quality of innovation. Overall, most research on collaboration supports the notion that diverse teams produce better outputs, faster, than individuals working on their own.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57-58AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of propose83) Identify and describe at least four business benefits of collaboration? Which do you feel is the most important and why?Answer: Business benefits from collaboration are (1) productivity; (2) quality; (3) innovation;(4) customer service; and (5) financial performance. Collaboration helps productivity because people working together on a task can complete the task more quickly. It helps quality because people working together will be more able to correct each other's mistakes. It helps innovation because people working in groups come up with more ideas than those working in isolation. It helps customer service because teams can solve customer complaints more quickly together rather than working in isolation. And as a result of all of these benefits, collaboration helps finance, because collaborative firms have superior sales, sales growth, and financial performance. Student evaluations will vary: for example, the most important of the benefits might be: innovation, because new products, services, and means of production are at the heart of being able to outperform your competitors.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 58-59AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of compare, assess。
管理信息系统题目带答案
Management Information System Review SummaryCONTENTSPART 1: Organizations, Management, and the Networked Enterprise 1rmation Systems in Global Business Today 11. How are information systems transforming business and what is their relationship toglobalization? 12. Why are information systems so essential for running and managing a business today? 13. What exactly is an information system? How does it work? What are its management,organization, and technology components? 14. What are complementary assets? Why are complementary assets essential for ensuring thatinformation systems provide genuine value for an organization? 15. What academic disciplines are used to study information systems? How does each contribute toan understanding of information systems? What is a sociotechnical systems perspective? 2II.Global E-business and Collaboration 21. What are business processes? How are they related to information systems? 22. How do systems serve the different management groups in a business? 23. How do systems that link the enterprise improve organizational performance? 24. Why are systems for collaboration and teamwork so important and what technologies do theyuse? 35. What is the role of the information systems function in a business? 3rmation Systems, Organizations, and Strategy 31. Which features of organizations do managers need to know about to build and use informationsystems successfully? What is the impact of information systems on organizations? 32. How does Porter’s competitive forces model help companies develop competitive strategiesusing information systems? 33. How do the value chain and value web models help businesses identify opportunities forstrategic information system applications? 44. How do information systems help businesses use synergies, core competencies, andnetwork-based strategies to achieve competitive advantage? 45. What are the challenges posed by strategic information systems and how should they beaddressed? 4IV.Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems 41. What ethical, social, and political issues are raised by information systems? 42. What specific principles for conduct can be used to guide ethical decisions? 53. Why do contemporary information systems technology and the Internet pose challenges to theprotection of individual privacy and intellectual property? 54. How have information systems affected everyday life? 5PART 2: Information Technology Infrastructure 5V.IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies 51. What is IT infrastructure and what are its components? 52. What are the stages and technology drivers of IT infrastructure evolution? 53. What are the current trends in computer hardware platforms? 64. What are the current trends in software platforms? 65. What are the challenges of managing IT infrastructure and management solutions? 6VI.Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management 71. What are the problems of managing data resources in a traditional file environment and how are7they solved by a database management system? 72. What are the major capabilities of DBMS and why is a relational DBMS so powerful? 73. What are some important database design principles? 74. What are the principal tools and technologies for accessing information from databases to 7improve business performance and decision making? 75. Why are information policy, data administration, and data quality assurance essential formanaging the firm’s data resources? 8VII.Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology 81. What are the principal components of telecommunications networks and key networkingtechnologies? 82. What are the main telecommunications transmission media and types of networks? 83. How do the Internet and Internet technology work, and how do they support communication 9and e-business? 94. What are the principal technologies and standards for wireless networking, communication, 9and Internet access? 95. Why are radio frequency identification (RFID) and wireless sensor networks valuable forbusiness? 9VIII.Securing Information Systems 101. Why are information systems vulnerable to destruction, error, and abuse? 102. What is the business value of security and control? 103. What are the components of an organizational framework for security and control? 104. What are the most important tools and technologies for safeguarding information resources? 10 PART 3: Key System Applications for the Digital Age 11IX.Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy: Enterprise Applications 111. How do enterprise systems help businesses achieve operational excellence? 112. How do supply chain management systems coordinate planning, production, and logistics withsuppliers? 113. How do customer relationship management systems help firms achieve customer intimacy? 114. What are the challenges posed by enterprise applications? 115. How are enterprise applications used in platforms for new cross-functional services? 12X.E-commerce: Digital Markets, Digital Goods 121. What are the unique features of e-commerce, digital markets, and digital goods? 122. What are the principal e-commerce business and revenue models? 123. How has e-commerce transformed marketing? 124. How has e-commerce affected business-to-business transactions? 125. What is the role of m-commerce in business, and what are the most important m-commerceapplications? 126. What issues must be addressed when building an e-commerce Web site? 13XI.Managing Knowledge 131. What is the role of knowledge management and knowledge management programs in business?132. What types of systems are used for enterprise-wide knowledge management and how do theyprovide value for businesses? 133. What are the major types of knowledge work systems and how do they provide value for firms?134. What are the business benefits of using intelligent techniques for knowledge management? 14XII.Enhancing Decision Making 141. What are the different types of decisions and how does the decision-making process work? 142. How do information systems support the activities of managers and management decisionmaking? 143. How do business intelligence and business analytics support decision making? 154. How do different decision-making constituencies in an organization use business intelligence?155. What is the role of information systems in helping people working in a group make decisionsmore efficiently? 15PART 4: Building and Managing Systems 15XIII.Building Information Systems 151. How does building new systems produce organizational change? 152. What are the core activities in the systems development process? 163. What are the principal methodologies for modeling and designing systems? 164. What are the alternative methods for building information systems? 165. What are new approaches for system building in the digital firm era? 17XIV.Managing Projects 171. What are the objectives of project management and why is it so essential in developinginformation 17systems? 172. What methods can be used for selecting and evaluating information systems projects andaligning them with the firm’s business goals? 173. How can firms assess the business value of information systems projects? 174. What are the principal risk factors in information systems projects? 175. What strategies are useful for managing project risk and system implementation? 18XV.Managing Global Systems 181. What major factors are driving the internationalization of business? 182. What are the alternative strategies for developing global businesses? 183. How can information systems support different global business strategies? 184. What are the challenges posed by global information systems and management solutions forthese challenges? 185. What are the issues and technical alternatives to be considered when developing internationalinformation systems? 18PART 1: Organizations, Management, and the Networked Enterprisermation Systems in Global Business Today1. How are information systems transforming business and what is their relationship to globalization?E-mail, online conferencing, and cell phones have become essential tools for conducting business. Information systems are the foundation of fast-paced supply chains. The Internet allows many businesses to buy, sell, advertise, and solicit customer feedback online. Organizations are trying to become more competitiveand efficient by digitally enabling their core business processes and evolving into digital firms. The Internet has stimulated globalization by dramatically reducing the costs of producing, buying, and selling goods on a global scale. New information system trends include the emerging mobile digital platform, online software as a service, and cloud computing.2. Why are information systems so essential for running and managing a business today?Information systems are a foundation for conducting business today. In many industries, survival and the ability to achieve strategic business goals are difficult without extensive use of information technology. Businesses today use information systems to achieve six major objectives: operational excellence; new products, services, and business models; customer/supplier intimacy; improved decision making; competitive advantage; and day-to-day survival.3. What exactly is an information system? How does it work? What are its management, organization, and technology components?From a technical perspective, an information system collects, stores, and disseminates information from an organization’s environment and internal operations to support organizational functions and decision making, communication, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization. Information systems transform raw data into useful information through three basic activities: input, processing, and output.From a business perspective, an information system provides a solution to a problem or challenge facing a firm and represents a combination of management, organization, and technology elements. The management dimension of information systems involves issues such as leadership, strategy, and management behavior. The technology dimension consists of computer hardware, software, data management technology, and networking/telecommunications technology (including the Internet). The organization dimension of information systems involves issues such as the organization’s hierarchy, functional specialties, business processes, culture, and political interest groups.4. What are complementary assets? Why are complementary assets essential for ensuring that information systems provide genuine value for an organization?In order to obtain meaningful value from information systems, organizations must support their technology investments with appropriate complementary investments in organizations and management. These complementary assets include new business models and business processes, supportive organizational culture and management behavior, appropriate technology standards, regulations, and laws. New information technology investments are unlikely to produce high returns unless businesses make the appropriate managerial and organizational changes to support the technology.5. What academic disciplines are used to study information systems? How does each contribute to an understanding of information systems? What is a sociotechnical systems perspective?The study of information systems deals with issues and insights contributed from technical and behavioral disciplines. The disciplines that contribute to the technical approach focusing on formal models and capabilities of systems are computer science, management science, and operations research. The disciplines contributing to the behavioral approach focusing on the design, implementation, management, and business impact of systems are psychology, sociology, and economics.A sociotechnical view of systems considers both technical and social features of systems and solutions that represent the best fit between them.II.Global E-business and Collaboration1. What are business processes? How are they related to information systems?A business process is a logically related set of activities that defines how specific business tasks are performed, and it represents a unique way in which an organization coordinates work, information, and knowledge. Managers need to pay attention to business processes because they determine how well the organization can execute its business, and they may be a source of strategic advantage. There are business processes specific to each of the major business functions, but many business processes are cross-functional. Information systems automate parts of business processes, and they can help organizations redesign and streamline these processes.2. How do systems serve the different management groups in a business?Systems serving operational management are transaction processing systems (TPS), such as payroll or order processing, that track the flow of the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business. Management information systems (MIS) produce reports serving middle management by condensing information from TPS, and these are not highly analytical. Decision-support systems (DSS) support management decisions that are unique and rapidly changing using advanced analytical models. All of these types of systems provide business intelligence that helps managers and enterprise employees make more informed decisions. These systems for business intelligence serve multiple levels of management, and include executive support systems (ESS) for senior management that provide data in the form of graphs, charts, and dashboards delivered via portals using many sources of internal and external information.3. How do systems that link the enterprise improve organizational performance?Enterprise applications are designed to coordinate multiple functions and business processes.Enterprise systems integrate the key internal business processes of a firm into a single software system to improve coordination and decision making. Supply chain management systems help the firm manage its relationship with suppliers to optimize the planning, sourcing, manufacturing, and delivery of products and services. Customer relationship management (CRM) systems coordinate the business processes surrounding t he firm’s customers. Knowledge management systems enable firms to optimize the creation, sharing, and distribution of knowledge. Intranets and extranets are private corporate networks based on Internet technology that assemble information from disparate systems. Extranets make portions of private corporate intranets available to outsiders.4. Why are systems for collaboration and teamwork so important and what technologies do they use?Collaboration is working with others to achieve shared and explicit goals. Collaboration and teamwork have become increasingly important in business because of globalization, the decentralization of decision making, and growth in jobs where interaction is the primary value-adding activity. Collaboration is believed to enhance innovation, productivity, quality, and customer service. Effective collaboration today requires a supportive organizational culture as well as information systems and tools for collaborative work. Collaboration tools include and instant messaging, wikis, videoconferencing systems, virtual worlds, social networking systems, cell phones, and Internet collaboration platforms such as Google Apps/Sites, Microsoft SharePoint, and Lotus Notes.5. What is the role of the information systems function in a business?The information systems department is the formal organizational unit responsible for information technology services. It is responsible for maintaining the hardware, software, data storage, and networks that comprise the firm’s IT infrastructure. Th e department consists of specialists, such as programmers, systems analysts, project leaders, and information systems managers, and is often headed by a CIO.rmation Systems, Organizations, and Strategy1. Which features of organizations do managers need to know about to build and use information systemssuccessfully? What is the impact of information systems on organizations?All modern organizations are hierarchical, specialized, and impartial, using explicit routines to maximize efficiency. All organizations have their own cultures and politics arising from differences in interest groups, and they are affected by their surrounding environment. Organizations differ in goals, groups served, social roles, leadership styles, incentives, types of tasks performed, and type of structure. These features help explain differences in organizations’ use of information systems.Information systems and the organizations in which they are used interact with and influence each other. The introduction of a new information system will affect organizational structure, goals, work design, values, competition between interest groups, decision making, and day-to-day behavior. At the same time, information systems must be designed to serve the needs of important organizational groups and will be shaped by the organization’s structure, business processes, goals, culture, politics, and management. Information technology can reduce transaction and agency costs, and such changes have been accentuated in organizations using the Internet. New systems disrupt established patterns of work and power relationships, so there is often considerable resistance to them when they are introduced.2. How does Porter’s competitive forces model help companies develop competitive strategies usinginformation systems?In Porter’s competitive forces model, the strategic position of the firm, and its strategies, are determined by competition with its traditional direct competitors, but they are also greatly affected by new market entrants, substitute products and services, suppliers, and customers. Information systems help companies compete by maintaining low costs, differentiating products or services, focusing on market niche, strengthening ties with customers and suppliers, and increasing barriers to market entry with high levels of operational excellence. 3. How do the value chain and value web models help businesses identify opportunities for strategicinformation system applications?The value chain model highlights specific activities in the business where competitive strategies and information systems will have the greatest impact. The model views the firm as a series of primary and support activities that add value to a firm’s products or services. Primary activities are directly related to production and distribution, whereas support activities make the delivery of primary activities possible. A firm’s value chain can be linked to the value chains of its suppliers, distributors, and customers. A value web consists of information systems that enhance competitiveness at the industry level by promoting the use of standards and industry-wide consortia, and by enabling businesses to work more efficiently with their value partners.4. How do information systems help businesses use synergies, core competencies, and network-basedstrategies to achieve competitive advantage?Because firms consist of multiple business units, information systems achieve additional efficiencies or enhance services by tying together the operations of disparate business units. Information systems help businesses leverage their core competencies by promoting the sharing of knowledge across business units. Information systems facilitate business models based on large networks of users or subscribers that take advantage of network economics. A virtual company strategy uses networks to link to other firms so that a company can use the capabilities of other companies to build, market, and distribute products and services. In business ecosystems, multiple industries work together to deliver value to the customer. Information systems support a dense network of interactions among the participating firms.5. What are the challenges posed by strategic information systems and how should they be addressed?Implementing strategic systems often requires extensive organizational change and a transition from one sociotechnical level to another. Such changes are called strategic transitions and are often difficult and painful to achieve. Moreover, not all strategic systems are profitable, and they can be expensive to build. Many strategic information systems are easily copied by other firms so that strategic advantage is not always sustainable.IV.Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems1. What ethical, social, and political issues are raised by information systems?Information technology is introducing changes for which laws and rules of acceptable conduct have not yet been developed. Increasing computing power, storage, and networking capabilities—including the Internet—expand the reach of individual and organizational actions and magnify their impacts. The ease and anonymity with which information is now communicated, copied, and manipulated in online environments pose new challenges to the protection of privacy and intellectual property. The main ethical, social, and political issues raised by information systems center around information rights and obligations, property rights and obligations, accountability and control, system quality, and quality of life.2. What specific principles for conduct can be used to guide ethical decisions?Six ethical principles for judging conduct include the Golden Rule, Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative, Descartes’ rule of change, the Utilitarian Principle, the Risk Aversion Principle, and the ethical “no free l unch” rule. These principles should be used in conjunction with an ethical analysis.3. Why do contemporary information systems technology and the Internet pose challenges to the protection of individual privacy and intellectual property?Contemporary data storage and data analysis technology enables companies to easily gather personal data about individuals from many different sources and analyze these data to create detailed electronic profiles about individuals and their behaviors. Data flowing over the Internet can be monitored at many points. Cookies and other Web monitoring tools closely track the activities of Web site visitors. Not all Web sites have strong privacy protection policies, and they do not always allow for informed consent regarding the use of personal information. Traditional copyright laws are insufficient to protect against software piracy because digital material can be copied so easily and transmitted to many different locations simultaneously over the Internet.4. How have information systems affected everyday life?Although computer systems have been sources of efficiency and wealth, they have some negative impacts. Computer errors can cause serious harm to individuals and organizations. Poor data quality is also responsible for disruptions and losses for businesses. Jobs can be lost when computers replace workers or tasks become unnecessary in reengineered business processes. The ability to own and use a computer may be exacerbating socioeconomic disparities among different racial groups and social classes. Widespread use of computers increases opportunities for computer crime and computer abuse. Computers can also create health problems, such as RSI, computer vision syndrome, and technostress.PART 2: Information Technology InfrastructureV.IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies1. What is IT infrastructure and what are its components?IT infrastructure is the shared technology resources that provide the platform for the firm’s specific information system applications. IT infrastructure includes hardware, software, and services that are shared across the entire firm. Major IT infrastructure components include computer hardware platforms, operating system platforms, enterprise software platforms, networking and telecommunications platforms, database management software, Internet platforms, and consulting services and systems integrators.2. What are the stages and technology drivers of IT infrastructure evolution?The five stages of IT infrastructure evolution are: the mainframe era, the personal computer era, the client/server era, the enterprise computing era, and the cloud and mobile computing era. Moore’s Law deals with the exponential increase in processing power and decline in the cost of computer technology, stating that every 18 months the power of microprocessors doubles and the price of computing falls in half. The Law of Mass Digital Storage deals with the exponential decrease in the cost of storing data, stating that the number of kilobytes of data that can be stored on magnetic media for $1 roughly doubles every 15 months. Metcalfe’s Law helps shows that a network’s value to participants grows exponentially as the network takes on more members. Also driving exploding computer use is the rapid decline in costs of communication and growing agreement in the technology industry to use computing and communications standards.3. What are the current trends in computer hardware platforms?Increasingly, computing is taking place on a mobile digital platform. Grid computing involves connecting geographically remote computers into a single network to create a computational grid that combines the computing power of all the computers on the network. Virtualization organizes computing resources so that their use is not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location. In cloud computing, firms and individuals obtain computing power and software as services over a network, including the Internet, rather than purchasing and installing the hardware and software on their own computers. A multicore processor is a microprocessor to which two or more processing cores have been attached for enhanced performance. Green computing includes practices and technologies for producing, using, and disposing of information technology hardware to minimize negative impact on the environment. In autonomic computing, computer systems have capabilities for automatically configuring and repairing themselves. Power-saving processors dramatically reduce power consumption in mobile digital devices.4. What are the current trends in software platforms?Open source software is produced and maintained by a global community of programmers and is often downloadable for free. Linux is a powerful, resilient open source operating system that can run on multiple hardware platforms and is used widely to run Web servers. Java is an operating-system– andhardware-independent programming language that is the leading interactive programming environment for the Web. Web services are loosely coupled software components based on open Web standards that work with any application software and operating system. They can be used as components of Web-based applications linking the systems of two different organizations or to link disparate systems of a single company. Companies are purchasing their new software applications from outside sources, including software packages, by outsourcing custom application development to an external vendor (that may be offshore), or by renting online software services (SaaS). Mashups combine two different software services to create new software applications and services. Apps are small pieces of software that run on the Internet, on a computer, or on a mobile phone and。
管理信息系统复习资料
管理信息系统复习资料1、管理信息系统涉及的三个重要资源：信息、⼈、信息技术（其中⼈是最重要的）2、商务智能（business intelligence，BI）是⼀种知识集合——有关你的客户、竞争对⼿、商业合作伙伴、竞争环境以及⾃⼰内部运作的知识——他使你有能⼒做出有效的、重⼤的、通常也是战略上的商业决策。
3、内部信息（internal information）主要描述组织内特定业务的内容外部信息（external ——）描述了组织所处的环境客观信息（objective——）定量描述那些已知的事物主管信息（subjective——）则是试图描述还不为⼈知的事务4、⼈是⼀种重要的资源。
（people as a key rescourse in MIS）5、波特五⼒模型6、波特五⼒模型的三个⼀般战略：成本领先战略（overall cost leadership）、产品差异化战略(differentiation strategy)、集中化战略（focus strategy）7、线上线下模型：收⼊是线上部分，成本是线下部分、收⼊减去成本就得到底线即净利润Above the line线上：营销新客户、推出新产品、提供增值服务、提供互补性产品——收⼊增加Below the line线下：优化⽣产流程、降低运输成本、降低⼈⼒成本、减少流通中误差——费⽤减少The bottom line底线：总收⼊减去总成本8、运作——成长——变⾰框架（run—grow—transform framework,RGT）运作——优化现有的活动和流程，通过⽐竞争对⼿更快成本更低的⽅式提供产品和服务来寻求企业的发展成长——新市场开发、提供产品和服务、扩⼤市场占有率等，通过竞争获取市场份额促进企业成长（或者说获取更⼤的蛋糕份额）变⾰——流程创新、产品和服务创新、进⼊不同的市场等，通过新的或不同的⽅式获取企业的成长9、RGT战略框架在某些地⽅与波特的三个⼀般战略和线上线下战略的相似之处：运作=成本领先战略=线下战略成长=集中化战略和差异化战略=线上战略变⾰=（新）差异化战略=线上战略（当是创新型时）10、价值链分析（Value—chain analysis ）即在企业内部系统的评估和提升企业业务流程的价值，从⽽提⾼企业竞争⼒。
管理信息系统的研究背景及国内外现状
管理信息系统的研究背景及国内外现状在当今数字化时代，管理信息系统（Management Information System，简称 MIS）已经成为企业和组织运营管理中不可或缺的一部分。
它的出现和发展是与信息技术的进步、企业管理需求的变化以及社会经济环境的演变紧密相连的。
管理信息系统的研究背景可以追溯到上世纪中叶。
随着计算机技术的迅速发展，企业开始意识到利用计算机来处理大量的数据和信息能够提高工作效率和管理决策的科学性。
早期的管理信息系统主要用于数据处理和报表生成，帮助企业进行简单的库存管理、财务核算等工作。
在 20 世纪 60 年代至 70 年代，管理信息系统逐渐从单纯的数据处理发展为具备一定管理功能的系统。
这一时期，企业开始关注如何通过信息系统来优化业务流程、提高生产效率和降低成本。
然而，由于技术的限制和对管理理念的理解不够深入，这些系统往往存在功能单一、灵活性差等问题。
到了 20 世纪 80 年代，随着数据库技术、网络技术的成熟以及管理理论的不断发展，管理信息系统进入了一个新的发展阶段。
这一时期的系统更加注重集成性和开放性，能够实现企业内部不同部门之间的信息共享和协同工作。
同时，决策支持系统（Decision Support System，简称 DSS）和专家系统（Expert System，简称 ES）等高级应用也开始出现，为企业的管理决策提供了更有力的支持。
进入 21 世纪，随着互联网技术的普及和移动设备的广泛应用，管理信息系统面临着新的机遇和挑战。
云计算、大数据、人工智能等新兴技术的出现，使得管理信息系统能够处理海量的数据，并提供更加智能化的服务。
同时，社交媒体、电子商务等新型业务模式的兴起，也对管理信息系统的功能和性能提出了更高的要求。
在国外，管理信息系统的发展相对较为成熟。
一些发达国家的企业在很早以前就开始应用管理信息系统，并不断进行创新和升级。
例如，美国的企业在管理信息系统的应用方面一直处于领先地位，它们通过建立高效的供应链管理系统、客户关系管理系统等，提高了企业的竞争力。
管理信息系统英文教材
管理信息系统英文教材Management Information Systems (MIS) TextbookIntroduction:In the fast-paced and dynamic business world, the effective management of information has become paramount for organizations to gain a competitive edge. Management Information Systems (MIS) play a crucial role in this process by facilitating the collection, processing, and dissemination of data to support managerial decision-making. This article aims to present an overview of the key components and topics that should be covered in an English textbook for studying Management Information Systems.Chapter 1: Introduction to Management Information Systems- Definition and importance of Management Information Systems- Historical development and evolution of MIS- Role of MIS in supporting organizational objectives and strategies- Ethical considerations in MISChapter 2: Information Systems and Business Processes- Understanding the concept of business processes- Relationship between information systems and business processes- Role of information systems in streamlining and improving business processes- Case studies illustrating the impact of information systems on business efficiencyChapter 3: Data and Information Management- Difference between data and information- Data storage and retrieval systems- Database management systems and their importance in MIS- Data governance and data quality managementChapter 4: Information Systems Infrastructure- Components and architecture of an information systems infrastructure- Hardware, software, and network resources used in MIS- Cloud computing and its role in information systems infrastructure- Security considerations in managing an information systems infrastructureChapter 5: Business Intelligence and Analytics- Concept and benefits of business intelligence (BI)- Techniques and tools used in BI and data analytics- Application of BI in decision-making processes- Predictive analytics and its role in strategic planningChapter 6: Enterprise Systems- Overview of enterprise systems (ERP, CRM, SCM)- Integration of enterprise systems and their benefits- Case studies showcasing the successful implementation of enterprise systems- Challenges and risks associated with implementing enterprise systemsChapter 7: E-commerce and E-business- Introduction to e-commerce and e-business models- Role of information systems in supporting online transactions- Security and privacy concerns in e-commerce- Mobile commerce and its impact on business operationsChapter 8: Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues in MIS- Ethical considerations in the use of information systems- Legal frameworks and regulations governing MIS usage- Privacy and security issues in managing information systems- Social implications of MIS and its impact on societyConclusion:A comprehensive and well-structured English textbook on Management Information Systems is vital for students to grasp the fundamental concepts and principles underlying the effective management of information in organizations. By covering topics such as MIS introduction, information systems and business processes, data management, information systems infrastructure, business intelligence and analytics, enterprise systems, e-commerce and e-business, and social, ethical, and legal issues, this textbook equips students with the necessary knowledge and skills to excel in the field of MIS.。
管理信息系统英文缩略词
API advanced programmer interface 高级程序员接口BSP business system planning 企业系统规划法B/S browser/server 浏览器/服务器模式BPR business process reengineering 业务流程再造CPC collaborative product commerce 协同产品商务CSF critical success factors 关键成功因素法C/S client/server 客户机/服务器模式CORBA common object request broker architecture 通用对象请求代理服务体系结构CASE computer aided software engineering计算机辅助软件工程CMM capital maturity model for software 软件成熟度模型CIMS computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机集成制造系统CIMS contemporary integrated manufacturing system 现代集成制造系统CAD computer aided design计算机辅助设计系统CAPP computer aided process planning计算机辅助工艺设计CAM computer aided manufacturing计算机辅助制造系统COPICS communication oriented production information and control system 面向通信的生产信息和控制系统CE concurrent engineering 并行工程CNC Computer numerical control数控机床CRM customer relationship management 客户关系管理CIO chief information officer 首席信息主管DBA database administrator 数据库管理员DFD data flow diagram 数据流图DDL data description language 数据库描述语言EC electronic commerce 电子商务ERP enterprise resource planning企业资源计划FMS flexible manufacturing system 柔性制造系统GUI Graphical User Interface图形用户界面IDEF (ICAM definition method) 集成计算机辅助制造定义方法ICAM integrated computer aided manufacturingISO international standard organization 国际标准化组织IPO input-processing-output输入-处理-输出-图JIT just in time 准时制JMS java message service java消息服务MDA model-driven architecture 模型驱动架构MIS Management Information System 管理信息系统MRP material requirements planning 物料需求计划闭环MRP closed material requirements planning 闭环物料需求计划MRPII manufacturing resource planning 制造资源计划MDD model-driven development 模型驱动开发方法NC Numerical Control 数字控制，简称数控OPM order point method 订货点法OA office automation 办公自动化OOM object-oriented-method 面向对象开发方法OOA object-oriented analysis面向对象分析OMG object management group 对象管理组织OOD object-oriented design面向对象设计OOP object oriented programming面向对象程序设计PDM product data management 产品数据管理RAS reusable asset specification 可复用的资产规范RAD rapid application development 快速应用开发RIA rich internet application 丰富交互效果SC software crisis 软件危机SOAP simple object access protocolSCM supply chain management 供应链管理SSA&D structured system analysis and design 结构化系统开发方法SADT structured analysis and design techniqueSST strategy set transformation 战略目标集转化法SDLC system development life cycle 结构化生命周期法SaaS software-as-a-service 软件即服务TFD transaction flow diagram 业务流程图TQCSE T（time时间）Q（quality质量）C（costing成本）S（service服务）E （environment环境）UI user interface 用户界面UML unified modeling language 统一建模语言VM virtual manufacturing 虚拟制造WSDL web service description language web服务描述语言W3C world wide web consortium 万维网联盟3A agile adaptable aligned 敏捷性、适应性、合作性。
《管理信息系统》课程简介
《管理信息系统》课程简介课程编号：09024014课程名称：管理信息系统A（Management Information System A）学分:3学时：48 （上机：16 ）适用专业：会计、审计、财务、工商、人力资源、市场营销等建议修读学期：第5学期开课单位：信息管理与信息系统系课程负责人：江雨燕先修课程：《计算机文化基础》、《VB程序设计》考核方式与成绩评定标准：本课程考核采用闭卷形式，理论课成绩占总成绩的60%，上机实验考核成绩占总成绩的30%，平时成绩占总成绩的10%。
教材与主要参考书目：1．管理信息系统江雨燕主编南京大学出版社 2015年出版2．管理信息系统黄梯云主编高等教育出版社 2010年出版3．管理信息系统薛华成主编清华大学出版社 2015出版4．管理信息系统王恒山主编机械工业出版社 2015年出版5．管理信息系统课程设计贺超著机械工业出版社 2015年出版6．管理信息系统肯尼斯C.劳顿著机械工业出版社 2016年出版内容概述：《管理信息系统》是一门信息类课程。
该门课程理论性与实践性结合较强，课程内容涉及管理学、计算机科学技术。
该课程注重于开发满足用户需要的管理信息系统软件所依据的理论、方法、原则、技术和工具，并结合管理工作实际，对管理信息系统软件开发过程进行计划、组织、协调和控制。
本课程的任务是使学生学习管理信息系统的基本概念和原理，掌握管理信息系统分析、设计、实施和评价的方法，通过本课程的学习使学生理解管理信息系统的一些基本概念，了解管理信息系统所涉及的技术基础，掌握管理信息系统的规划分析设计实施和评价的方法。
通过上机实验实现一个实际的MIS应用系统。
“Management information system” is an information class course which combining theories and practices strongly and includes management science, computer science and technology. This course focuses on the development of theories, methods to arranged, organize, coordinate and control the process of software development of management information system.The task of this course is to enable students to learn the basic concepts and principles of the management information system, methods of analysis, designing, implementation and evaluationof management information system and understand the basic concepts of management information systems, the based knowledge of management information system, to master the methods of planning, analysis, design, implementation and evaluation of management information system. Base on experiments to implement an actual management information application system.《管理信息系统》教学大纲课程编号：09024014课程名称：管理信息系统A/（Management Information System A）学分:3学时：48 （上机：16 ）适用专业：会计、审计、财务、工商、人力资源、市场营销等建议修读学期：第5学期开课单位：信息管理与信息系统系课程负责人：江雨燕先修课程：《计算机文化基础》、《VB程序设计》一、课程性质、目的与任务《管理信息系统A》是一门信息类课程，是信息管理与信息系统、工业工程、物流工程、造价工程、会计、审计、财务、工商、人力资源、市场营销等专业的一门重要的专业基础课，是信息管理与信息系统专业必修的主干核心课。
管理信息系统 课程描述
管理信息系统课程描述
管理信息系统（Management Information System，简称MIS）是一门综合性的跨学科课程，旨在培养学生掌握信息系统的规划、设计、实施和管理的基本知识和技能，以支持组织的战略目标和业务需求。
该课程主要涵盖以下几个方面的内容：
信息系统基础知识：介绍信息系统的概念、发展历程和基本构成，帮助学生了解信息系统的基本原理和作用。
信息技术基础：介绍信息技术的基本概念、网络技术和数据库技术等，帮助学生了解信息技术的核心内容和应用领域。
信息系统规划与设计：介绍信息系统的规划、需求分析、系统设计、开发方法和实施过程，帮助学生了解如何规划和设计有效的信息系统。
信息系统管理：介绍信息系统的项目管理、质量管理、风险管理、维护和评价等，帮助学生了解如何有效地管理和维护信息系统。
组织战略与信息系统：介绍组织战略和信息系统之间的关系，帮助学生了解如何将信息系统与组织战略相结合，提高组织的绩效和竞争力。
案例分析与实践：通过案例分析和实践操作，让学生了解实际应用中的信息系统，并掌握相关技能和方法。
通过该课程的学习，学生将掌握管理信息系统的基本知识和技能，能够理解和分析组织中信息系统的规划、设计、实施和管理，为未来的职业生涯中管理和应用信息系统打下坚实的基础。
管理信息系统-当今商业中的信息系统
图 1.4
信息系统不只是计算机
要有效地使用信 息系统，就需要 理解形成系统的 组织、管理和信 息技术。信息系 统成为公司应对 外部环境挑战时 的组织和管理解 决方案时，就为 企业创造了价值。
图 1.5
信息系统的各种观点
信息系统的组织维度
权利和责任层级
高层管理 中层管理 操作层管理 知识工作者 数据工作者 生产或服务工人
第一章 当今商业中的信息系统
学习目标
了解信息系统对企业的作用及其与全球化的关 系 解释为什么信息系统对今天的企业如此重要 定义一个信息系统并描述它的管理、组织和技 术要素
学习目标
定义互补性资产并解释互补性资产是如何确保 信息系统为组织带来真正的价值的 描述用于研究信息系统的不同学科并解释每个 学科是如何帮助我们理解信息系统的 解释什么是社会技术系统观点
信息系统的各种观点
反馈:
信息输出返回给组织里合适的人员，帮助他们评估 或校正输入 计算机/计算机程序vs. 信息系统 计算机和软件是技术基础和工具，类似搭建房子的 材料和工具
信息系统的功能
信息系统包含组织或 组织所处环境的信息， 通过三种基本活动— 输入、处理和输出产 生组织所需的信息。 反馈是输出返回给组 织里合适的人员，帮 助他们评估或改善输 入。环境参与者，如 顾客、供应商、竞争 者、股东和管理机构 等，与企业组织和其 信息系统之间相互影 响。
当今商业中信息系统扮演的角色
卓越运营:
改进运营效率以获取更高的利润 信息系统和技术是实现更高运营效率和生产率的重 要工具 沃尔玛的零售链管理系统（Retail Link system） 连接供应商与每一家沃尔玛的零售商店，实现卓越 的补货系统
管理信息系统
管理信息系统案例分析：麦当劳的管理信息系统一、案例简介麦当劳是全球最大的连锁餐饮企业之一，拥有超过3万家门店遍布全球不同国家和地区。
为了更好地管理和运营其庞大的业务网络，麦当劳建立了全球统一的管理信息系统（MIS）。
该系统基于最新的技术和软件，能够实时监测和分析各个店铺的销售数据、库存信息、人员情况等，并提供决策支持和业务管理的工具。
二、MIS的关键功能和优势1.数据集中和共享：麦当劳的MIS系统允许各个店铺和总部的数据实时同步和共享，确保各个层级的管理人员能够准确获取所需的数据和信息。
这样一来，总部可以更好地推动全球范围内的业务发展和管理，各个店铺也能够获得总部的支持和协助。
2.销售数据分析：通过MIS系统，麦当劳能够实时监测每个店铺的销售数据，包括销售额、销售量、销售渠道等。
这些数据可以帮助总部和店铺管理人员更好地理解市场需求、产品偏好和销售趋势，从而制定更有效的市场营销策略和产品创新方向。
3.库存管理：MIS系统还能够监控和管理各个店铺的库存情况，包括原材料的进货和消耗、成品的库存量和流动等。
这样一来，麦当劳可以实时掌握各个店铺的库存情况，避免库存过高或过低的问题，提高库存周转率和供应链的效率。
4.人力资源管理：MIS系统还能够帮助麦当劳管理店铺的人力资源情况，包括员工的工作时间、薪资水平、培训需求等。
通过对这些数据的分析，麦当劳可以更好地进行员工调配、绩效评估和培训计划，提高员工的满意度和工作效率。
5.决策支持工具：MIS系统不仅提供实时的数据分析和管理功能，还为麦当劳的管理层提供决策支持工具。
管理人员可以通过MIS系统进行预测和模拟，评估不同策略和决策对业务的影响，从而做出更明智的决策。
三、MIS系统的成功案例1.销售数据分析：通过MIS系统的销售数据分析功能，麦当劳发现款新品在亚洲市场的销售表现较为弱势，经过对比分析，总部发现该新品的口味和配料与当地市场的需求和文化差异较大。
基于这一发现，麦当劳对该新品进行了调整，推出了符合亚洲市场口味的版本，从而提高了销售业绩。
跨国公司信息资源管理的系统集成
跨国公司信息资源管理的系统集成在当今全球化的商业世界中，跨国公司扮演着重要的角色。
这些公司经营范围覆盖多个国家和地区，需要有效地管理和整合其信息资源。
信息资源管理的系统集成，成为跨国公司实现高效运营和持续竞争优势的关键要素。
本文将深入探讨跨国公司信息资源管理的系统集成，并介绍几种常见的集成方法。
一、信息资源管理的重要性信息资源是跨国公司最重要的资产之一。
它包括各种形式的信息，如市场数据、客户信息、供应链数据、内部运营数据等。
有效管理和利用这些信息资源，可以帮助跨国公司做出准确的战略决策、提高运营效率、优化资源配置，并且更好地满足客户需求。
二、系统集成的定义与意义系统集成是将不同的信息系统或部分系统进行连接和整合，实现数据的共享和协同工作的过程。
对于跨国公司而言，信息系统可能分布在多个国家和地区，具有不同的硬件、软件和网络架构。
通过系统集成，这些分散的信息系统可以通过数据的流动和信息的共享，形成一个有机的整体，提高工作效率和协同能力。
系统集成的意义在于解决了信息孤岛和数据割裂的问题。
通过集成不同系统，跨国公司的各个部门和地区可以共享数据和信息资源，实现协同工作、知识共享和协调合作，提高工作效率和决策能力。
三、跨国公司信息资源管理的系统集成方法1. 数据集成方法数据集成是跨国公司信息资源管理的核心环节。
它包括数据采集、传输、转换和存储等过程。
为了实现数据的一致性和准确性，跨国公司可以采用以下几种数据集成方法：- 手动数据输入和导入：通过人工的方式将数据从一个系统导入到另一个系统，适用于数据量较小或频率较低的情况。
- 自动化接口集成：利用接口技术，实现系统之间的数据传输和共享。
这种方法适用于数据量大、需求频繁的情况。
- 数据仓库集成：建立一个统一的数据仓库，将不同系统的数据存储在同一个位置，通过ETL（抽取、转换和加载）工具实现数据的集成和整理。
2. 应用系统集成方法除了数据集成外，跨国公司还需要将不同的应用系统进行集成，以实现业务流程和功能的协同工作。
第5章 跨组织信息系统——【管理信息系统】
第5章跨组织信息系统——【管理信息系统】在当今数字化的商业世界中，跨组织信息系统正扮演着越来越重要的角色。
它不仅仅是简单的技术工具，更是促进组织间协同合作、提升效率、创造竞争优势的关键因素。
跨组织信息系统是什么呢？简单来说，它是一种能够让多个组织之间实现信息共享、流程协同和业务整合的信息系统。
想象一下，一家汽车制造企业，其零部件供应商、生产工厂、销售渠道等各个环节，如果没有有效的跨组织信息系统，信息传递就会混乱、延误，导致生产效率低下、成本增加。
但有了这样的系统，各方能够实时交流，快速响应市场变化，从而提升整个供应链的竞争力。
跨组织信息系统的类型多种多样。
电子数据交换（EDI）就是其中一种常见的形式。
EDI 使企业之间能够以标准化的格式自动交换业务文档，如采购订单、发票等。
这大大减少了人工处理的时间和错误，提高了交易效率。
另外，供应链管理系统（SCM）也是重要的跨组织信息系统。
它可以整合供应链上各个环节的信息，实现库存的优化、物流的精准调度以及需求的准确预测。
还有客户关系管理系统（CRM），它不仅帮助企业管理自身与客户的关系，还能在与合作伙伴共同服务客户时，实现信息的无缝对接。
跨组织信息系统为企业带来了诸多显著的好处。
首先，它能够提升组织间的协同效率。
不同组织之间可以实时共享信息，避免了信息的滞后和误解，从而能够快速做出决策，共同应对市场变化。
其次，降低了交易成本。
通过自动化的信息处理和流程优化，减少了人工操作和重复劳动，节省了时间和资源。
再者，增强了供应链的弹性和敏捷性。
在面对突发事件或市场波动时，能够迅速调整供应链策略，保证供应的稳定和持续。
然而，实施跨组织信息系统并非一帆风顺，也面临着一系列的挑战。
技术兼容性就是一个大问题。
不同组织可能使用不同的信息系统和技术架构，要实现无缝对接并非易事。
数据安全和隐私保护也是至关重要的。
在信息共享的过程中，如何确保敏感数据不被泄露，是企业必须要解决的难题。
管理信息系统名词解释
♥信息：是对事物运动状态和特征的描述♥数据：是载荷信息的物理符号♥管理信息：是经过加⼯处理后对企业⽣产经营活动有影响的数据♥信息稳定系数：是指某类信息项⽬的总数中在规定期内（⼀般在⼀年内）不变动项⽬所占的⽐重。
稳定系数可⽤下列公式表⽰：♥信息稳定系数：=信息项⽬总数-变动项⽬数/信息项⽬总数♥战略信息：是提供企业⾼级管理者进⾏战略决策⽤的信息。
包括系统内外，过去和现在，各种环境的⼤量信息。
♥管理信息系统：是为实现企业的整体⽬标，对管理信息进⾏系统处理，为各级管理⼈员提供业务信息和决策信息的系统。
♥决策⽀持系统：是在半结构化和⾮结构化决策活动过程中，通过⼈机对话，向决策者提供信息，协助决策者发现和分析问题，探索决策⽅案，评价、预测和选择⽅案，以提⾼决策有效性的⼀种以计算机为⼿段的信息系统。
DSS并不代替决策者做出决策，⽽是为决策者提供⼀个分析问题、构选模型和模拟决策过程及其效果的决策环境，以提⾼决策⼈员的决策技能和决策质量的⽀持系统。
♥主管⽀持系统：也称为主管信息系统，它是专⽤于辅助⾼层管理⼈员获取和运⽤有关信息，以⽀持决策为主要任务的信息系统。
♥电⼦数据交换：是结构化数据根据⼀组规则，在参与者之间⾃动地传递。
它的主要功能是在某⼀公司的电⼦计算机与⽤户或卖⽅等贸易伙伴的计算机之间传送和接收具有标准格式的贸易单据。
♥计算机集成制造系统（CIMS）：是将企业中计算机辅助设计（CAD），计算机辅助制造（CAM），以及管理信息系统（MIS）等不同类型的⼦系统连接起来，组织⽽成的⼀个有机的整体。
称为计算机集成制造系统，即CIMS。
♥ COPICS：是⾯向通信的⽣产信息与控制系统的英⽂缩写。
它是美国IB公司开发的适⽤于各类制造业⼯⼚的管理信息系统。
♥关系模型：关系（式）模型是⼀种新的数据模型。
它是建⽴严格的数学理论，集合论和谓词演算公式的基础上的，它提供的逻辑结构简单，数据独⽴性强，存取具有对称性、操纵灵活。