物理化学知识点(英文)
物理化学英文课件
500
y'
0
y"
-500
-10
-5
0
5
10
x
Inflection Points
At the inflection point x0
dy 0 dx xx0
and
d2y dx 2
xx0
0
Carbon Dioxide Critical Isotherm
600
304 K
500
400
300 Ideal Gas
• molar volume
Vm= V/n
1m
1m 1m
• Force/Area
Pressure
• units
– Pascal = Newton/m2 = Joule/m3
h
– atmosphere = 101325 Pa
– bar = 100000 Pa
– mm Hg
– torr
Temperature
• Advantages
– fits gas data as accurately as desired. – uses the ideal gas law as a base.
• Disadvantages
– infinite number of terms. – virial coefficients are temperature dependent.
a (dm6 atm mole-1) b (dm mole-1)
He
0.034
0.0237
Ar
1.345
0.0322
N2
1.390
O2
1.360
CO2 3.592
物理化学英语词汇
物理化学英语词汇分布 distribution分布数 distribution numbers分解电压 decomposition voltage分配定律 distribution law分散系统 disperse system分散相 dispersion phase分体积 partial volume分体积定律 partial volume law分压 partial pressure分压定律 partial pressure law分子反应力学 mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力 intermolecular force分子蒸馏molecular distillation封闭系统 closed system附加压力 excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极 negative pole负吸附 negative adsorption复合反应composite reaction盖·吕萨克定律 Gay-Lussac law盖斯定律 Hess law甘汞电极 calomel electrode感胶离子序 lyotropic series杠杆规则 lever rule高分子溶液 macromolecular solution高会溶点 upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoer’s law隔离系统 isolated system根均方速率 root-mean-square speed功 work功函work content共轭溶液 conjugate solution共沸温度 azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy孤立系统 isolated system固溶胶 solid sol固态混合物 solid solution固相线 solid phase line光反应 photoreaction光化学第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应 photosensitized reactions光谱熵 spectrum entropy广度性质 extensive property广延量 extensive quantity广延性质 extensive property规定熵 stipulated entropy过饱和溶液 oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气 oversaturated vapor过程 process过渡状态理论 transition state theory过冷水 super-cooled water过冷液体 overcooled liquid过热液体 overheated liquid亥姆霍兹函数 Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据 Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能 Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数 Helmholtz function焓 enthalpy亨利常数 Henry constant亨利定律 Henry law恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热 heat at constant volume恒外压 constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热 heat at constant pressure化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应计量式 stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应进度 extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势 chemical affinity化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学势 chemical potential化学势判据 chemical potential criterion化学吸附 chemisorptions环境 environment环境熵变 entropy change in environment挥发度volatility混合熵 entropy of mixing混合物 mixture活度 activity活化控制 activation control活化络合物理论 activated complex theory。
化学专业英语词汇表
化学专业英语词汇表本文介绍了化学专业需要用到的英语词汇，包括基础的化学术语、常用的化学分支、常用的化学实验和常用的化学反应。
文章采用表格形式列出了中文和英文对照的词汇，并给出了一些例句和注释，以便于理解和记忆。
文章的目的是帮助化学专业的学生和研究者提高英语水平，更好地阅读和撰写化学相关的文献和报告。
一、基础化学术语中文英文例句或注释化学chemistry Chemistry is the science of matter and its transformations. 化学是研究物质及其变化的科学。
元素element An element is a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances bychemical means. 元素是一种不能通过化学手段分解为更简单物质的物质。
原子atom An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of thatelement. 原子是元素的最小单位，保持了该元素的化学性质。
原子核nucleus The nucleus is the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons. 原子核是原子的中心部分，包含了质子和中子。
质子proton A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom. 质子是一种带正电的亚原子粒子，存在于原子核中。
中子neutron A neutron is a neutrally charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom. 中子是一种不带电的亚原子粒子，存在于原子核中。
初中物理化学英语名词汇总
初中化学英语名词explosion[ɪk'sploʒən]爆炸(=burst,联系时政)saturated['sætʃə,retɪd]solution[sə'luʃən]饱和溶液unsaturated solution不饱和溶液pure [pjur] substance ['sʌbstəns]纯净物catalyst ['kætəlɪst]催化剂deliquesce[,dɛlə'kwɛs]潮解ozone ['ozon]臭氧electron[ɪ'lɛktrɑn]电子elementary [,ɛlə'mɛntərɪ] substance 单质nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən]氮气starch [stɑrtʃ]淀粉protein ['protiɪn]蛋白质carbon ['kɑrbən] dioxide [daɪ'ɑksaɪd]二氧化碳steel 钢preparation [,prɛpə'reʃən] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳制法gold 金properties ['prɑpɚ taɪs] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳性质air 空气use of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳用途molecule ['mɑlə,kjul]分子phenolphthalein['finɔl'θælin]酚酞reactant [rɪ'æktənt]反应物non-metal element ['ɛləmənt]非金属元素chemical change 化学变化decomposition [,dikɑmpə'zɪʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən]分解反应alloy ['ælɔɪ]合金double decomposition reaction复分解反应valence ['veləns]化合价compound['kɑmpaund] fertilizer ['fɝtl,aɪzɚ]复合肥料mixture['mɪkstʃɚ]混合物composite [kəm'pɑzɪt] materials[met'raɪəls]复合材料nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] change 核电荷chemical property ['prɑpɚtɪ]化学性质chemical formula['fɔrmjələ]化学式compound ['kɑmpaund]化合物chemical equation [ɪ'kweʃən]化学方程式combination [,kɑmbə'neʃən] reaction 化学反应coal 煤slow oxidation[,ɑksə'deʃən]缓慢氧化reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction 还原反应fossil['fɑs!] fuel['fjuəl]化石燃料synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] rubber['rʌbɚ]合成橡胶synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] fiber['faɪbɚ]合成纤维chemical fertilizer['fɝtl,aɪzɚ] 化学肥料metal element金属元素crystal ['krɪst!]晶体crystallization[,krɪst!ɪ'zeʃən]结晶alkali['ælkə,laɪ]结晶diamond ['daɪəmənd]金刚石methane['mɛθen]甲烷methanol['mɛθə,nol]甲醇composition of air 空气的组成air pollution 空气污染liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən]of air 空气液化separation[,sɛpə'reʃən]of air 空气分离mineral['mɪnərəl]矿物（新概念词汇）ion['aɪən]离子sulphuric acid ['æsɪd]硫酸（acid酸，新概念词汇）extinguisher [ɪk'stɪŋgwɪʃɚ]灭火器sodium['sodɪəm]chloride['sodɪəm]氯酸钠aluminium[,æljə'mɪnɪəm]铝pesticide ['pɛstɪ,saɪd]农药nano-materials[mə'tɪrɪəls]纳米农药glucose['glukos]葡萄糖hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən]氢气properties of hydrogen 氢气的性质hydrochloric acid 氢气酸sodium ['sodɪəm] hydroxide [haɪ'drɑks,aɪd]氢氧化钠combustion [kəm'bʌstʃən]燃烧calcium ['kælsɪəm] hydroxide 氢氧化钙dissolved[kəm'bʌstʃən]溶解solution[sə'luʃən]溶液solvent['sɑlvənt]溶剂solute[sɑ'ljut]溶质solubility [,sɑljə'bɪlətɪ]溶解度solubility curve [kɝv]溶解度曲线mass fraction ['frækʃən] of solute 溶质质量分数emulsion [ɪ'mʌlʃən]乳浊液pig iron ['aɪɚn]生铁product ['prɑdəkt]生成物acid ['æsɪd]酸acidity [ə'sɪdətɪ] and basicity [be'sɪsətɪ]酸碱度water 水composition of water 水的组成water pollution 水的污染graphite['græfaɪt]石墨acid rain酸雨litmus['lɪtməs]石蕊food additive ['ædətɪv]食品添加剂petroleum[pə'trolɪəm]石油plastics['plæstɪks]塑料carbon碳properties of carbon 碳的性质carbohydrate['kɑrbə'haɪdret]碳水化合物iron['aɪɚn]铁sodium carbonate ['kɑrbə,net]碳酸钠nature gas 天然气physical ['fɪzɪk!] change 物理变化physical property物理性质amorphous [ə'mɔrfəs] carbon 无定形碳vitamin['vaɪtəmɪn]维生素greenhouse effect [ɪ'fɛkt]温室效应copper['kɑpɚ]洞relative ['rɛlətɪv] atomic [ə'tɑmɪk] mass 相对原子质量rust [rʌst]铁锈relative molecular [mə'lɛkjəlɚ] mass 相对分子质量rare[rɛr] gas 稀有气体nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid 硝酸atom ['ætəm]原子atomic [ə'tɑmɪk]structure ['strʌktʃɚ]原子结构atomic nucleus ['njuklɪəs]原子核anion ['æn,aɪən]阳离子cation ['kætaɪən]阴离子element 元素symbols['sɪmb!s] for elements元素符号periodic [,pɪrɪ'ɑdɪk] table of the elements 元素周期表salt [sɔlt]盐atomic group [grup]原子团oxidation [,ɑksə'deʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən]氧化反应oxide [rɪ'ækʃən]氧化物oxygen['ɑksədʒən]氧气preparation of oxygen 氧气的制法properties of oxygen 氧气的性质use of oxygen 氧气的性质drinking water 饮用水hard water 硬水carbon monoxide[mɑn'ɑksaɪd]一氧化碳properties of carbon monoxide 一氧化碳的性质drug 药品organic [ɔr'gænɪk] compound ['kɑmpaund]有机物acetic [ə'sitɪk] acia乙酸ethanol ['ɛθə,nol]乙醇nutrient ['njutrɪənt]营养品oil 油proton['protɑn]质子neutron['njutrɑn]中子displacement reaction [rɪ'ækʃən]置换反应law of conservation [,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of mass 质量守恒定律fat脂肪neutralization [,nutrələ'zeʃən] reaction 中和反应sucrose ['sjukros]蔗糖autoignition 自燃indicator ['ɪndə,ketɚ]指示剂alkali['ælkə,laɪ]碱reactive[rɪ'æktɪv]活泼react[rɪ'ækt]反应filter['fɪltɚ]过滤filtrate['fɪltret]滤液test [tɛst] tube[tjub]试管spirit lamp酒精灯chemical apparatus[,æpə'retəs]化学仪器dropper['drɑpɚ]滴管asbestos [æs'bɛstəs] network['nɛt,wɝk]石棉网Set cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]集气瓶Glass rod[rɑd]玻璃棒Condenser冷凝管jar [dʒɑr]广口瓶Flask锥形瓶Rubber plug[plʌg]橡皮塞Medicine spoon药匙Filter paper滤纸Forceps镊子Crucible tongs[tɔŋz]坩埚钳beaker['bikɚ]烧杯Graduated cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]量筒Particle['pɑrtɪk!]微粒light点燃Electrolysis电解Heating加热Molecule[mə'lɛkj ul]分子Sink水槽Boiled煮沸Thermometer['θɝmə,græf]温度计liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən]液化vaporize['vepə,raɪz]汽化solidify[sə'lɪdə,faɪ]凝固condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华sublime[sə'blaɪm]升华melt[mɛlt]熔化evaporate[ɪ'væpə,ret]蒸发alum ['æləm]明矾Conductive[kən'dʌktɪv]导电Solid固态Battery['bætərɪ]干电池Diamond钻石Alcohol['ælkə,hɔl]酒精dry ice干冰Vapor ['vepɚ]汽态Liquid ['lɪkwɪd] state[stet]液态rust[rʌst]铁锈Liquid ['lɪkwɪd]液体Reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction还原反应Dissolve[dɪ'zɑlv]溶解Peroxide[pə'rɑksaɪd]过氧化氢acetic [ə'sitɪk] acid醋酸Potassium [pə'tæsɪəm] permanganate[pɝ'mæŋgə,net]高锰酸钾Biological [,baiə'lɔdʒikəl] Trace Element生物微量元素Caustic ['kɔstɪk]soda烧碱（soda苏打）- Soda ash[æʃ]纯碱Hydrated ['haɪdretɪd] lime[laɪm]熟石灰Quicklime ['kwɪk,laɪm]生石灰Limestone石灰石Activated ['æktə,vetɪd] Carbon活性炭Soda苏打Baking soda小苏打dilute [daɪ'lut]稀释carbonic [kɑr'bɑnɪk] acid碳酸nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid硝酸sulfuric [sʌl'fjurɪk] acid硫酸hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən]氢nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən]氮sodium ['sodɪəm]钠magnesium ['mæg'niʃɪəm]镁aluminum [ə'lumɪnəm]铝phosphorous ['fɑsfərəs]磷sulfur ['sʌlfɚ]硫chlorine ['klorin]氯potassium [pə'tæsɪəm]钾calcium ['kælsɪəm]钙titanium [taɪ'tenɪəm]钛iron ['aɪɚn]铁copper ['kɑpɚ]铜zinc [zɪŋk]锌silver ['sɪlvɚ]银iodine ['aɪə,daɪn]碘初中物理英语名词mechanical motion['moʃən]机械运动motion运动reference['rɛfərəns] object 参照物rest静止velocity[və'lɑsətɪ]速度sound 声音uniform rectilinear[,rɛktə'lɪnɪɚ] motion 匀速直线运动variable['vɛrɪəb!]rectilinear motion 变速直线运动musical sound 乐音noise 噪音pitch[pɪtʃ]音调（frequently频繁的）frequency['frikwənsɪ]频率loudness 响度musical quality['kwɑlətɪ]音色ultrasound：['ʌltrə,saund]超声infrasonic sound[,ɪnfrə'sɑnɪk]次声light 光reflection[rɪ'flɛkʃən]of light 光的反射mirror reflection 镜面反射diffuse[dɪ'fjuz] reflection 漫反射refraction [rɪ'frækʃən] of light 光的折射conves ['kɑnvɛks]lens [lɛnz] 凸透镜concave ['kɑnkev] lens凹透镜convergent[kən'vɝdʒənt] lens 汇聚透镜(凸透镜) divergent [daɪ'vɝdʒənt] lens 发散透镜（凹透镜）force[fors]力elastic [ɪ'læstɪk] force 弹力gravity['grævətɪ]重力weight [wet]物重（重力）center of gravity重心sliding['slaɪdɪŋ] frictional['frɪkʃənəl] force滑动摩擦力Newton’s first law 牛顿第一定律inertia[ɪn'ɝʃə]惯性mass[mæs] 质量density['dɛnsətɪ]密度buoyancy['bɔɪənsɪ] force浮力pressure ['prɛʃɚ]压力（相同，注意理解）pressure压强atmospheric [,ætməs'fɛrɪk] pressure 气压standard atmospheric pressure 标准大气压lever['lɛvɚ]杠杆fixed pulley['pulɪ]定滑轮movable ['muvəb!]pulley动滑轮mechanicl work 机械功power功率mechanicl efficiency[ɪ'fɪʃənsɪ]机械效率kinetic energy：[kɪ'nɛtɪk]动能energy 能量potential energy[pə'tɛnʃəl]势能mechanicl energy 机械能crystal['krɪst!]晶体noncrystal非晶体melt ing['mɛltɪŋ]熔化melting point [pɔɪnt] 熔点vaporization [,vepərə'zeʃən]汽化boiling ['bɔɪlɪŋ]沸腾vaporation蒸发sublimation[,sʌblə'meʃən]升华solidification[sə,lɪdəfə'keʃən]凝固solidifying：[sə'lɪdə,faɪ] point 凝固点liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən] 液化condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华internal [ɪn'tɝn!] energy 内能heat quantity：['kwɑntətɪ]热量specific[spɪ'sɪfɪk] heat capacity [kə'pæsətɪ]比热容heat engine ['ɛndʒən]热机internal-combustion[kəm'bʌstʃən] engine 内燃机electric [ɪ'lɛktrɪk] charge [tʃɑrdʒ]电荷positive ['pɑzətɪv] charge 正电荷negative ['nɛgətɪv] charge 负电荷series['siriz] connection [kə'nɛkʃən]串联parallel['pærə,lɛl]connection并联electric current ['kɝənt] 电流ampere [æm'pɪr]安培voltage ['voltɪdʒ]电压volt福特ohm‘s law 欧姆定律electric power 电功率rated ['retɪd] voltage 额定电压rated current 额定电流rated power 额定功率electromagnetic [ɪ'lɛktromæg'nɛtɪk] induction [ɪn'dʌkʃən]电磁感应现象induced electric current感应电流lightguide[laɪtgaɪd] fiber ['faɪbɚ]光导纤维elasticity[ɪ,læs'tɪsətɪ]弹性hardness硬度ducility延展性chemical energy 化学能nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] energy 核能law of conservation[,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of energy 能量守恒定律renewable [rɪ'njuəb!]energy source [sors]可再生能源（注意“核-nuclear”-联系时政）nonrenewable energy source 不可再生能源nuclear fission ['fɪʃən]核裂变nuclear fusion['fjuʒən] 核聚变geothermal [,dʒio'θɝm!] energy地热能tidal ['taɪd!]energy 潮汐能wind energy 风能angle['æŋg!]of emergence [ɪ'mɝdʒəns]出射角light beam[bim]光束/光柱angle of incidence ['ɪnsədns]入射角light ray 光线angle of reflection [rɪ'flɛkʃən]反射角light source[sors]光源angle of refraction[rɪ'frækʃən]折射角mains frequency ['frikwənsɪ]市电频率apparent [ə'pærənt] depth [dɛpθ]视深medium['midɪəm]介质binoculars[bɪ'nɑkjəlɚs]双筒望远（新概念词汇）boiler['bɔɪlɚ]锅炉microwave ['maɪkro,wev]微波mirage[mə'rɑʒ]海市蜃楼，蜃景Celsius temperature scale[skel]摄氏温标mirror 镜change of state 物态变化multiple ['mʌltəp!]image['ɪmɪdʒ]复像multiple reflection 多次反射condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝结，凝聚mutually ['mjutʃuəlɪ] perpendicular[,pɝpən'dɪkjəlɚ]互相垂直的colour 颜色condensation[,kɑndɛn'seʃən] point 凝点，凝结点normal 法线coolant['kulənt]冷却剂object 物，物体cooling curve[kɝv]冷却曲object distance 物距critical ['krɪtɪk!]angle 临界optical ['ɑptɪk!] fibre ['faɪbɚ]光导纤维，光纤degree [dɪ'gri]度optical ['ɑptɪk!] illusion [ɪ'ljuʒən]光幻象，视错觉degree Celsius（ce ntigrade）摄氏度optically ['ɑptɪklɪ] dense medium['midɪəm]光密介质deviation[,divɪ'eʃən]偏向，偏差optically less dense[dɛns] medium 光疏介质物理学physics 误差error 游码rider测量measure (vt.) 实验experiment 温度计temperature长度length 实验室laboratory 摄氏度degree centigrade单位unit 面积area 温度计thermometer千米kilometer 平方米square meter 体温计clinical thermometer 米meter 体积volume 时间time分米decimeter 立方米cubic meter 小时hour厘米centimeter 升Liter 分钟minute毫米millimeter 毫升Milliliter 秒second微米micron 质量mass 毫秒millisecond纳米nanometer 吨ton 停表stop watch测量工具measuring tool 千克kilogram 力force刻度尺meter ruler 克gram 牛顿Newton最小刻度division value 毫克milligram 测力计dynamometer零刻度线zero graduation line 天平balance 弹簧秤spring balance 测量范围measuring range 砝码weightsⅡ、运动（simple motion）相对运动relative motion 方向direction 路程path静止rest 直线运动rectilinear motion 速度velocity参照物reference 曲线运动curvilinear motion变速直线运动variable rectilinear motion位置position 匀速直线运动uniform rectilinear motion平均速度average velocityⅢ、热（heat）分子molecules 熔化melting 液化liquefaction分子运动molecular motion 熔点melting point 升华sublimation扩散diffusion 凝固solidification 凝华condensation排斥力repulsive force 凝固点solidifying point 冰箱refrigerator吸引力attractive force 晶体crystal 热传递heat transfer物质substance 非晶体noncrystal 热传导heat conduction物体object 吸收absorb(v.) 热对流heat convection状态state 放出release(v.) 热辐射heat radiation固体solid 汽化vaporization 热量heat液体liquid 蒸发evaporation 比热（容）specific heat （capacity）气体gas 沸腾boiling物态变化state transformation 沸点boiling pointⅠⅠ、光（light）光源light source 入射角incident angle 焦距focal length光的直线传播rectilinear propagationof light反射角reflection angle 会聚converge(v.)小孔成像image byping hole 镜面反射mirror reflection发散diverge(v.)日食solar eclipse 漫反射diffuse reflection 光屏（屏幕）screen月食lunar eclipse 平面镜plane mirror 照相机camera光速velocity of light 潜望镜periscope 幻灯机slide projector真空vacuum 蜡烛candle 电影放映机film projector空气air 光的折射refractionof light 放大镜magnifier玻璃glass 折射光线refracted ray 倒立的inverted水water 折射角refraction angle 正立的erected均匀介质well-distributed medium 透镜lens 缩小的reduced光的反射reflectionof light 凸透镜convex lens 放大的amplified反射定律reflection law 凹透镜concave lens 实像real image入射光线incident ray （主）光轴principal optical axis虚像virtual image反射光线reflected ray 光心optical centerof lens 海市蜃楼mirage法线normal 焦点focus 光的色散dispersion of lightⅤ、磁（magnetism）磁体magnet 小磁针magneticneedle 磁场magnetic field天然磁体natural magnet 磁极magnetic pole地磁场geomagnetic field人造磁体man-made magnet 南极north pole电流的磁场magnetic field of electric current条形磁铁bar magnet 北极South pole 磁感线magnetic induction line 蹄形磁铁horseshoe magnet 磁化magnetization 电磁铁electromagnet三、声音（sound）振动vibrate 声波wave of sound 振幅amplitude介质medium 音调pitch 噪音noise传播travel 响度loudness 乐音voice声速velocity of sound 音色musical quality 分贝decibel（dB）回声echo 频率frequency四、力（force）重力gravity 惯性inertia 动力motive force重心center of gravity 平衡equilibrium 阻力resistance摩擦力friction force 压强pressure 动力臂power arm滑动摩擦sliding friction 帕斯卡Pascal(Pa) 阻力臂resisting arm 滚动摩擦rolling friction 液体压强hydraulicpressure作用线action-line静摩擦static friction 大气压强atmosphericof pressure 滑轮pulley 压力pressure force 标准大气压standardatmospherepressure定滑轮fixed pulley浮力buoyancy force 气压计barometer 动滑轮movable pulley力的图示force diagram 托里拆利Torricelli 滑轮组pulley block 力的大小magnitude of force 阿基米德原理Archimedes principle 功work力的方向direction of force 密度density 功率power力的作用点acting point of force 潜水艇submarine机械效率mechanical efficiency合力resultant force 热气球fire balloon 有用功useful work分力component force 飞艇airship 额外功extra wok力的合成composition of forces 简单机械simple mechanics总功total work形变deformation 杠杆lever 斜面inclined plane牛顿第一定律Newton’s First Law 支点pivot五、电（electricity）电荷electric charge 正极positive plate 电压voltage带电体charged body 负极negative plate 伏特V olt摩擦起电electrificationby friction 电路electric circuit伏特计voltmeter正电荷positive charge 通路closed circuit 电阻resistance负电荷negative charge 开路open circuit 欧姆Ohm导体conductor 短路short circuit 变阻器rheostat绝缘体insulator 电路图circuit map 滑动变阻器slide wire rheostat 半导体semiconductor 串联series connection 欧姆定律Oh m’s law 电源power source 并联parallel connection 电功electric work导线wire 电量electric quantity 电功率electric power电键key(switch) 电流electric current 额定电压rated voltage干电池dry cell 安培Ampere 额定电功率rated power蓄电池storage plate 安培计ammeter。
初中物理化学英语名词汇总
化学中的英语单词explosion[ɪk'sploʒən]爆炸(=burst,联系时政)saturated['sætʃə,retɪd] solution[sə'luʃən]饱和溶液unsaturated solution不饱和溶液pure [pjur] substance ['sʌbstəns]纯净物catalyst ['kætəlɪst]催化剂deliquesce[,dɛlə'kwɛs]潮解ozone ['ozon]臭氧 electron[ɪ'lɛktrɑn]电子elementary [,ɛlə'mɛntərɪ] substance 单质nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən]氮气starch [stɑrtʃ]淀粉protein ['protiɪn]蛋白质 carbon ['kɑrbən] dioxide [daɪ'ɑksaɪd]二氧化碳steel 钢preparation [,prɛpə'reʃən] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳制法 gold 金properties ['prɑpɚ taɪs] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳性质 air 空气use of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳用途molecule ['mɑlə,kjul]分子phenolphthalein['finɔl'θælin]酚酞reactant [rɪ'æktənt]反应物non-metal element ['ɛləmənt]非金属元素chemical change 化学变化decomposition [,dikɑmpə'zɪʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən]分解反应alloy ['ælɔɪ]合金double decomposition reaction复分解反应valence ['veləns]化合价compound['kɑmpaund] fertilizer ['fɝtl,aɪzɚ]复合肥料 mixture['mɪkstʃɚ]混合物composite [kəm'pɑzɪt] materials[met'raɪəls]复合材料 nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] change 核电荷chemical property ['prɑpɚtɪ]化学性质chemical formula['fɔrmjələ]化学式compound ['kɑmpaund]化合物chemical equation [ɪ'kweʃən]化学方程式 combination [,kɑmbə'neʃən] reaction 化学反应 coal 煤slow oxidation[,ɑksə'deʃən]缓慢氧化reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction 还原反应fossil['fɑs!] fuel['fjuəl]化石燃料 synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] rubber['rʌbɚ]合成橡胶synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] fiber['faɪbɚ]合成纤维 chemical fertilizer['fɝtl,aɪzɚ] 化学肥料metal element金属元素crystal ['krɪst!]晶体crystallization[,krɪst!ɪ'zeʃən]结晶alkali['ælkə,laɪ]结晶diamond ['daɪəmənd]金刚石methane['mɛθen]甲烷methanol['mɛθə,nol]甲醇composition of air 空气的组成air pollution 空气污染liquefaction [,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən] of air 空气液化separation[,sɛpə'reʃən] of air 空气分离mineral['mɪnərəl]矿物（新概念词汇）ion['aɪən]离子sulphuric acid ['æsɪd]硫酸（acid酸，新概念词汇） extinguisher [ɪk'stɪŋgwɪʃɚ]灭火器sodium['sodɪəm]chloride['sodɪəm]氯酸钠aluminium[,æljə'mɪnɪəm]铝pesticide ['pɛstɪ,saɪd]农药nano-materials[mə'tɪrɪəls]纳米农药glucose['glukos]葡萄糖hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən]氢气properties of hydrogen 氢气的性质hydrochloric acid 氢气酸sodium ['sodɪəm] hydroxide [haɪ'drɑks,aɪd]氢氧化钠combustion [kəm'bʌstʃən]燃烧calcium ['kælsɪəm] hydroxide 氢氧化钙dissolved[kəm'bʌstʃən]溶解solution[sə'luʃən]溶液solvent['sɑlvənt]溶剂solute[sɑ'ljut]溶质 solubility [,sɑljə'bɪlətɪ]溶解度solubility curve [kɝv]溶解度曲线mass fraction ['frækʃən] of solute 溶质质量分数emulsion [ɪ'mʌlʃən]乳浊液pig iron ['aɪɚn]生铁product ['prɑdəkt]生成物 acid ['æsɪd]酸acidity [ə'sɪdətɪ] and basicity [be'sɪsətɪ]酸碱度water 水composition of water 水的组成water pollution 水的污染graphite['græfaɪt]石墨acid rain酸雨litmus['lɪtməs]石蕊food additive ['ædətɪv]食品添加剂petroleum[pə'trolɪəm]石油plastics['plæstɪks]塑料carbon碳properties of carbon 碳的性质carbohydrate['kɑrbə'haɪdret]碳水化合物iron['aɪɚn]铁sodium carbonate ['kɑrbə,net]碳酸钠nature gas 天然气physical ['fɪzɪk!] change 物理变化physical property物理性质amorphous [ə'mɔrfəs] carbon 无定形碳 vitamin['vaɪtəmɪn]维生素greenhouse effect [ɪ'fɛkt]温室效应copper['kɑpɚ]洞relative ['rɛlətɪv] atomic [ə'tɑmɪk] mass 相对原子质量rust [rʌst]铁锈relative molecular [mə'lɛkjəlɚ] mass 相对分子质量rare[rɛr] gas 稀有气体nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid 硝酸atom ['ætəm]原子atomic [ə'tɑmɪk]structure ['strʌktʃɚ]原子结构atomic nucleus ['njuklɪəs]原子核anion ['æn,aɪən]阳离子cation ['kætaɪən]阴离子element 元素symbols['sɪmb!s] for elements元素符号periodic [,pɪrɪ'ɑdɪk] table of the elements 元素周期表 salt [sɔlt]盐atomic group [grup]原子团oxidation [,ɑksə'deʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən]氧化反应oxide [rɪ'ækʃən]氧化物oxygen['ɑksədʒən]氧气preparation of oxygen 氧气的制法properties of oxygen 氧气的性质use of oxygen 氧气的性质drinking water 饮用水hard water 硬水carbon monoxide[mɑn'ɑksaɪd]一氧化碳properties of carbon monoxide 一氧化碳的性质drug 药品organic [ɔr'gænɪk] compound ['kɑmpaund]有机物acetic [ə'sitɪk] acia乙酸ethanol ['ɛθə,nol]乙醇nutrient ['njutrɪənt]营养品oil 油proton['protɑn]质子neutron['njutrɑn]中子displacement reaction [rɪ'ækʃən]置换反应law of conservation [,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of mass 质量守恒定律 fat脂肪neutralization [,nutrələ'zeʃən] reaction 中和反应sucrose ['sjukros]蔗糖autoignition 自燃indicator ['ɪndə,ketɚ]指示剂alkali['ælkə,laɪ]碱reactive[rɪ'æktɪv]活泼react[rɪ'ækt]反应filter['fɪltɚ]过滤filtrate['fɪltret]滤液test [tɛst] tube[tjub]试管spirit lamp酒精灯 chemical apparatus[,æpə'retəs]化学仪器dropper['drɑpɚ]滴管asbestos [æs'bɛstəs] network['nɛt,wɝk]石棉网Set cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]集气瓶Glass rod[rɑd]玻璃棒Condenser冷凝管jar [dʒɑr]广口瓶Flask锥形瓶Rubber plug[plʌg]橡皮塞Medicine spoon药匙Filter paper滤纸Forceps镊子Crucible tongs[tɔŋz]坩埚钳beaker['bikɚ]烧杯Graduated cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]量筒Particle['pɑrtɪk!]微粒light点燃Electrolysis电解Heating加热Molecule[mə'lɛkj ul]分子Sink水槽Boiled煮沸Thermometer ['θɝmə,græf]温度计liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən]液化vaporize['vepə,raɪz]汽化solidify[sə'lɪdə,faɪ]凝固condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华sublime[sə'blaɪm]升华melt[mɛlt]熔化evaporate[ɪ'væpə,ret]蒸发alum ['æləm]明矾Conductive[kən'dʌktɪv]导电Solid固态Battery['bætərɪ]干电池Diamond钻石Alcohol['ælkə,hɔl]酒精dry ice干冰Vapor ['vepɚ]汽态Liquid ['lɪkwɪd] state[stet]液态rust[rʌst]铁锈Liquid ['lɪkwɪd]液体Reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction还原反应Dissolve[dɪ'zɑlv]溶解Peroxide[pə'rɑksaɪd]过氧化氢acetic [ə'sitɪk] acid醋酸Potassium [pə'tæsɪəm] permanganate[pɝ'mæŋgə,net]高锰酸钾Biological [,baiə'lɔdʒikəl] Trace Element生物微量元素Caustic ['kɔstɪk]soda烧碱（soda苏打）- Soda ash[æʃ]纯碱Hydrated ['haɪdretɪd] lime[laɪm]熟石灰Quicklime ['kwɪk,laɪm]生石灰Limestone石灰石Activated ['æktə,vetɪd] Carbon活性炭Soda苏打Baking soda小苏打dilute [daɪ'lut]稀释carbonic [kɑr'bɑnɪk] acid碳酸nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid硝酸sulfuric [sʌl'fjurɪk] acid硫酸hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən]氢nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən]氮sodium ['sodɪəm]钠magnesium ['mæg'niʃɪəm]镁aluminum [ə'lumɪnəm]铝phosphorous ['fɑsfərəs]磷sulfur ['sʌlfɚ]硫chlorine ['klorin]氯potassium [pə'tæsɪəm]钾calcium ['kælsɪəm]钙titanium [taɪ'tenɪəm]钛iron ['aɪɚn]铁copper ['kɑpɚ]铜zinc [zɪŋk]锌silver ['sɪlvɚ]银iodine ['aɪə,daɪn]碘初中物理英语名词mechanical motion['moʃən] 机械运动 motion运动 reference['rɛfərəns] object 参照物 rest静止 velocity[və'lɑsətɪ] 速度sound 声音uniform rectilinear[,rɛktə'lɪnɪɚ] motion 匀速直线运动variable['vɛrɪəb!] rectilinear motion 变速直线运动musical sound 乐音noise 噪音pitch[pɪtʃ]音调（frequently频繁的）frequency['frikwənsɪ]频率loudness 响度musical quality['kwɑlətɪ]音色ultrasound：['ʌltrə,saund]超声infrasonic sound[,ɪnfrə'sɑnɪk]次声light 光reflection[rɪ'flɛkʃən] of light 光的反射mirror reflection 镜面反射diffuse[dɪ'fjuz] reflection 漫反射refraction [rɪ'frækʃən] of light 光的折射conves ['kɑnvɛks] lens [lɛnz] 凸透镜concave ['kɑnkev] lens凹透镜convergent[kən'vɝdʒənt] lens 汇聚透镜(凸透镜) divergent [daɪ'vɝdʒənt] lens 发散透镜（凹透镜）force[fors]力elastic[ɪ'læstɪk] force 弹力gravity['grævətɪ]重力 weight [wet]物重（重力）center of gravity重心sliding['slaɪdɪŋ] frictional['frɪkʃənəl] force滑动摩擦力Newton’s first law 牛顿第一定律inertia [ɪn'ɝʃə]惯性mass[mæs] 质量density['dɛnsətɪ]密度buoyancy['bɔɪənsɪ] force浮力pressure ['prɛʃɚ]压力（相同，注意理解）pressure压强atmospheric [,ætməs'fɛrɪk] pressure 气压standard atmospheric pressure 标准大气压lever['lɛvɚ]杠杆fixed pulley['pulɪ]定滑轮movable ['muvəb!] pulley动滑轮mechanicl work 机械功power功率mechanicl efficiency[ɪ'fɪʃənsɪ]机械效率kinetic energy：[kɪ'nɛtɪk]动能energy 能量potential energy[pə'tɛnʃəl]势能mechanicl energy 机械能crystal['krɪst!]晶体noncrystal非晶体melt ing['mɛltɪŋ]熔化melting point [pɔɪnt] 熔点vaporization [,vepərə'zeʃən]汽化 boiling ['bɔɪlɪŋ]沸腾vaporation蒸发sublimation[,sʌblə'meʃən]升华solidification[sə,lɪdəfə'keʃən]凝固solidifying：[sə'lɪdə,faɪ] point 凝固点liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən] 液化condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华internal [ɪn'tɝn!] energy 内能heat quantity：['kwɑntətɪ] 热量specific[spɪ'sɪfɪk] heat capacity [kə'pæsətɪ]比热容heat engine ['ɛndʒən]热机internal-combustion[kəm'bʌstʃən] engine 内燃机electric [ɪ'lɛktrɪk] charge [tʃɑrdʒ]电荷positive ['pɑzətɪv] charge 正电荷negative ['nɛgətɪv] charge 负电荷series['siriz] connection [kə'nɛkʃən]串联parallel['pærə,lɛl]connection并联 electric current ['kɝənt] 电流ampere [æm'pɪr]安培voltage ['voltɪdʒ]电压volt福特ohm‘s law 欧姆定律electric power 电功率rated ['retɪd] voltage 额定电压rated current 额定电流rated power 额定功率electromagnetic [ɪ'lɛktromæg'nɛtɪk] induction [ɪn'dʌkʃən]电磁感应现象induced electric current感应电流lightguide[laɪtgaɪd] fiber ['faɪbɚ]光导纤维elasticity[ɪ,læs'tɪsətɪ]弹性hardness硬度 ducility延展性chemical energy 化学能nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] energy 核能law of conservation[,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of energy 能量守恒定律renewable [rɪ'njuəb!] energy source [sors]可再生能源（注意“核-nuclear”-联系时政）nonrenewable energy source 不可再生能源nuclear fission ['fɪʃən]核裂变nuclear fusion['fjuʒən] 核聚变geothermal [,dʒio'θɝm!] energy地热能tidal ['taɪd!] energy 潮汐能wind energy 风能angle ['æŋg!] of emergence[ɪ'mɝdʒəns]出射角light beam[bim]光束/光柱angle of incidence ['ɪnsədns]入射角light ray 光线angle of reflection [rɪ'flɛkʃən]反射角light source[sors]光源angle of refraction[rɪ'frækʃən]折射角mains frequency ['frikwənsɪ]市电频率 apparent [ə'pærənt] depth [dɛpθ]视深medium['midɪəm]介质 binoculars[bɪ'nɑkjəlɚs]双筒望远（新概念词汇）boiler['bɔɪlɚ]锅炉microwave ['maɪkro,wev]微波mirage[mə'rɑʒ]海市蜃楼，蜃景Celsius temperature scale[skel]摄氏温标mirror 镜change of state 物态变化multiple ['mʌltəp!] image['ɪmɪdʒ]复像multiple reflection 多次反射condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝结，凝聚mutually ['mjutʃuəlɪ] perpendicular[,pɝpən'dɪkjəlɚ]互相垂直的colour 颜色condensation[,kɑndɛn'seʃən] point 凝点，凝结点normal 法线coolant['kulənt]冷却剂object 物，物体cooling curve[kɝv]冷却曲 object distance 物距critical ['krɪtɪk!] angle 临界optical ['ɑptɪk!] fibre ['faɪbɚ]光导纤维，光纤degree [dɪ'gri]度optical ['ɑptɪk!] illusion [ɪ'ljuʒən]光幻象，视错觉degree Celsius（ce ntigrade）摄氏度optically ['ɑptɪklɪ] dense medium['midɪəm]光密介质deviation[,divɪ'eʃən]偏向，偏差optically less dense[dɛns] medium 光疏介质。
物理化学知识点(英文)
Physical Chemistryequation of state 状态方程idea /perfect gas 理想气体kinetic theory of gases 气体分子动理论model fitting模型拟合root mean square rate 根均方速率zeroth law of thermodynamics 热力学第零定律translational energy 平动能phase diagram 相图isotherm等温线isobar 等压线distribution function 分布函数most probable rate 最概然速率mathematical average rate 数学平均速率fluctuation 涨落现象free path 自由程mean free path 平均自由程reduced mass 折合质量effusion 隙流law of effusion 隙流定律compressibility factor（Z）压缩因子Boyle temperature Boyle温度Internal pressure 内压力Virial coefficient 维利系数Critical temperature 临界温度Critical point临界点Wilson cloud chamber 威尔逊云雾室reduced pressure、volume、temperature对比压力，体积，温度corresponding state 对比状态law of corresponding state对比状态定律compressibility factor chart压缩因子图potential energy 位能chemical thermodynamics化学热力学classicial thermodynamics 经典热力学phenomenological themodynamics 唯象热力学isolated system 隔离系统closed system 封闭系统open system 敞开系统thermodynamic variable 热力学变量extensive property 广度性质capacity property容量性质intensive property 强度性质thermodynamic equilibrium state 热力学平衡态thermal equilibrium 热动平衡mechanical equilibrium 力学平衡phase equilibrium 相平衡chemical equilibrium 化学平衡state function 状态函数process and path 过程与途径isochore等容线homogeneous system 多组分均相系统heterogeneous system 复相系统isothermal process等温过程isobaric process 等压过程isochoric process 等容过程adiabatic process绝热过程﹪﹪cyclic process环状过程thermodynamic energy 热力学能internal energy 内能first law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律first kind of perpetual motion machine 第一类永动机free expansion 自由膨胀quasistatic process 准静态过程reversible process可逆过程irreversible process 不可逆过程reversible cyclic process可逆循环过程enthalpy 焓heat capacity 热容adiabatic process equation 绝热过程方程heat capacity ratio 热容比polytropic process 多方过程efficiency of the heat engine 热机效率transformation coefficient 转换系数coefficient of refrigeration 冷冻系数heat pump热泵throttling process节流过程differential throttling effect 微分节流效应inversion temperature转化温度isenthalpic curve 等焓线inversion curve 转化曲线thermochemistry 热化学chemical affinity 化学亲和力extent of reaction 反应进度molar enthalpy of reaction反应的摩尔焓变stand state 标准态elementary substance 单质standard molar enthalpy of formation标准摩尔生成焓standard molar enthalpy of combustion 标准摩尔燃烧焓second law of thermodynamics 热力学第二定律second kind of perpetual motion machine 第二类永动机heat reservoir 恒温热储器spring 弹簧entropy 熵。
(完整版)物理化学专业英语词汇
一些物理化学专业英语词汇BET公式BET formulaDLVO理论DLVO theoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质pVT propertyζ电势zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律Amagat law艾林方程Erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant安托万方程Antoine equation盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气saturated vapor饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限explosion limits比表面功specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度reduced viscosity标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode标准态standard state标准熵standard entropy标准压力standard pressure标准状况standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面surfaces表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension表面质量作用定律surface mass action law波义尔定律Boyle law波义尔温度Boyle temperature波义尔点Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆相变化irreversible phase change布朗运动brownian movement查理定律Charle’s law产率yield敞开系统open system超电势over potential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thick disperse system催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction单链反应straight chain reactions弹式量热计bomb calorimeter道尔顿定律Dalton law道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula德拜－休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation等焓过程isenthalpic process等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程equation at constant temperature低共熔点eutectic point低共熔混合物eutectic mixture低会溶点lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵third-law entropy第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption电池常数cell constant电池电动势electromotive force of cells电池反应cell reaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势zeta potential电功electric work电化学electrochemistry电化学极化electrochemical polarization电极电势electrode potential电极反应reactions on the electrode电极种类type of electrodes电解池electrolytic cell电量计coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移electro migration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations动力学控制kinetics control独立子系统independent particle system对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度reduced temperature对比压力reduced pressure对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant法拉第定律Faraday’s law反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction orders反应进度extent of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数constant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应non-elementary reactions非体积功non-volume work非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions 菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first law of diffusion沸点boiling point沸点升高elevation of boiling point费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics分布distribution分布数distribution numbers分解电压decomposition voltage分配定律distribution law分散系统disperse system分散相dispersion phase分体积partial volume分体积定律partial volume law分压partial pressure分压定律partial pressure law分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力intermolecular force分子蒸馏molecular distillation封闭系统closed system附加压力excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极negative pole负吸附negative adsorption复合反应composite reaction盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law盖斯定律Hess law甘汞电极calomel electrode感胶离子序lyotropic series杠杆规则lever rule高分子溶液macromolecular solution高会溶点upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’s law隔离系统isolated system根均方速率root-mean-square speed功work功函work content共轭溶液conjugate solution共沸温度azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy孤立系统isolated system固溶胶solid sol固态混合物solid solution固相线solid phase line光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应photosensitized reactions光谱熵spectrum entropy广度性质extensive property广延量extensive quantity广延性质extensive property规定熵stipulated entropy过饱和溶液oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor过程process过渡状态理论transition state theory过冷水super-cooled water过冷液体overcooled liquid过热液体overheated liquid亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数Helmholtz function焓enthalpy亨利常数Henry constant亨利定律Henry law恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热heat at constant volume恒外压constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热heat at constant pressure化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势chemical affinity化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学势chemical potential化学势判据chemical potential criterion化学吸附chemisorptions环境environment环境熵变entropy change in environment挥发度volatility混合熵entropy of mixing混合物mixture活度activity活化控制activation control活化络合物理论activated complex theory活化能activation energy霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson Chart基态能级energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution吉布斯－杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotz equation吉布斯函数Gibbs function吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function criterion吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy吉氏函数Gibbs function极化电极电势polarization potential of electrode 极化曲线polarization curves极化作用polarization极限摩尔电导率limiting molar conductivity几率因子steric factor计量式stoichiometric equation计量系数stoichiometric coefficient价数规则rule of valence简并度degeneracy键焓bond enthalpy胶冻broth jelly胶核colloidal nucleus胶凝作用demulsification胶束micelle胶体colloid胶体分散系统dispersion system of colloid胶体化学collochemistry胶体粒子colloidal particles胶团micelle焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomson effect焦耳定律Joule`s law接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process节流膨胀throttling expansion节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion 结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption 界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory 绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process节流膨胀throttling expansion节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases 理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture粒子particles粒子的配分函数partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物chain carrier链反应chain reactions量热熵calorimetric entropy量子统计quantum statistics量子效率quantum yield临界参数critical parameter临界常数critical constant临界点critical point临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积critical molar volume临界温度critical temperature临界压力critical pressure临界状态critical state零级反应zero order reaction流动电势streaming potential流动功flow work笼罩效应cage effect路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity露点dew point露点线dew point line麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy毛细管凝结condensation in capillary毛细现象capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant摩尔电导率molar conductivity摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数molar gas constant摩尔热容molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy内扩散控制internal diffusions control内能internal energy内压力internal pressure能级energy levels能级分布energy level distribution能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy能斯特方程Nernst equation能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem凝固点freezing point凝固点降低lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线freezing point curve凝胶gelatin凝聚态condensed state凝聚相condensed phase浓差超电势concentration over-potential浓差极化concentration polarization浓差电池concentration cells帕斯卡pascal泡点bubble point泡点线bubble point line配分函数partition function配分函数的析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面collision cross section碰撞数the number of collisions偏摩尔量partial mole quantities平衡常数（理想气体反应）equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases平动配分函数partition function of translation平衡分布equilibrium distribution平衡态equilibrium state平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram平均活度mean activity平均活度系统mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path平行反应parallel reactions破乳demulsification铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waals equation其它功the other work气化热heat of vaporization气溶胶aerosol气体常数gas constant气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases 气溶胶aerosol气相线vapor line迁移数transport number潜热latent heat强度量intensive quantity强度性质intensive property亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol氢电极hydrogen electrodes区域熔化zone melting热heat热爆炸heat explosion热泵heat pump热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat热函heat content热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation热机heat engine热机效率efficiency of heat engine热力学thermodynamics热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律the third law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律the first law of thermodynamics热力学基本方程fundamental equation of thermodynamics热力学几率thermodynamic probability热力学能thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度thermodynamic temperature热熵thermal entropy热效应heat effect熔点曲线melting point curve熔化热heat of fusion溶胶colloidal sol溶解焓dissolution enthalpy溶液solution溶胀swelling乳化剂emulsifier乳状液emulsion润湿wetting润湿角wetting angle萨克尔－泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation 三相点triple point三相平衡线triple-phase line熵entropy熵判据entropy criterion熵增原理principle of entropy increase渗透压osmotic pressure渗析法dialytic process生成反应formation reaction升华热heat of sublimation实际气体real gas舒尔采－哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule松驰力relaxation force松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step塔费尔公式Tafel equation态－态反应state-state reactions唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium淌度mobility特鲁顿规则Trouton rule特性粘度intrinsic viscosity体积功volume work统计权重statistical weight统计热力学statistic thermodynamics统计熵statistic entropy途径path途径函数path function外扩散控制external diffusion control完美晶体perfect crystalline完全气体perfect gas微观状态microstate微态microstate韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery维恩效应Wien effect维里方程virial equation维里系数virial coefficient稳流过程steady flow process稳态近似法stationary state approximation无热溶液athermal solution无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution物理化学Physical Chemistry物理吸附physisorptions吸附adsorption吸附等量线adsorption isostere吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附等压线adsorption isobar吸附剂adsorbent吸附量extent of adsorption吸附热heat of adsorption吸附质adsorbate析出电势evolution or deposition potential析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓dilution enthalpy系统system系统点system point系统的环境environment of system相phase相变phase change相变焓enthalpy of phase change相变化phase change相变热heat of phase change相点phase point相对挥发度relative volatility相对粘度relative viscosity相律phase rule相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium相图phase diagram相倚子系统system of dependent particles悬浮液suspension循环过程cyclic process压力商pressure quotient压缩因子compressibility factor压缩因子图diagram of compressibility factor亚稳状态metastable state盐桥salt bridge盐析salting out阳极anode杨氏方程Young’s equation液体接界电势liquid junction potential液相线liquid phase lines一级反应first order reaction一级相变first order phase change依时计量学反应time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度fugacity逸度系数coefficient of fugacity阴极cathode荧光fluorescence永动机perpetual motion machine永久气体Permanent gas有效能available energy原电池primary cell原盐效应salt effect增比粘度specific viscosity憎液溶胶lyophobic sol沾湿adhesional wetting沾湿功the work of adhesional wetting真溶液true solution真实电解质real electrolyte真实气体real gas真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数partition function of vibration振动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration蒸气压下降depression of vapor pressure正常沸点normal point正吸附positive adsorption支链反应branched chain reactions直链反应straight chain reactions指前因子pre-exponential factor质量作用定律mass action law制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration中和热heat of neutralization轴功shaft work转动配分函数partition function of rotation转动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration转化率convert ratio转化温度conversion temperature状态state状态方程state equation状态分布state distribution状态函数state function准静态过程quasi-static process准一级反应pseudo first order reaction自动催化作用auto-catalysis自由度degree of freedom自由度数number of degree of freedom自由焓free enthalpy自由能free energy自由膨胀free expansion组分数component number最低恒沸点lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点upper azeotropic point最佳反应温度optimal reaction temperature最可几分布most probable distribution最可几速率most propable speed1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of VolumePressureT emperature Changes and Catalysts i. 体积压力温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s(pdf) Orbital s(pdf)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes Atomic Numbers and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性/电子亲合性[势]83. metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. metallic Solids 金属晶体106. metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名组成和结构116. Charges Coordination Numbers and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (BoronAluminiumGalliumIndiumThallium) 硼族（硼铝镓铟铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (CarbonSiliconGermaniumTinLead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (PhosphorusArsenicAntimonyand Bismuth) 氮族（磷砷锑铋）142. Ammonia Nitric Acid Phosphoric Acid 氨硝酸磷酸143. Phosphorates phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen Sulfur Selenium and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation 偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level 零水准218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数。
物理化学专业英语
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物理化学专业英语电泳electrophoresis Dyndall effect molar heat capacity under constant vol ume Constant voIume thermometer molar heat capacity under constant pressur e constant pressure thermometer localized particle system丁达尔效应定容摩尔热容定容温度计定压摩尔热容定压温度计定域子系统动力学方程kinetic equations动力学控制独立子系统对比摩尔体积kinet ics control independent particle system reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度对比压力对称数reduced temperature reduced pressure symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of mul ti-molecular layers二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数法拉第定律faraday cons tant Faraday’s law反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis molecularity reaction ord ers extent of reaction反应分子数反应级数反应进度反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数范德华常数范德华方程范德华力范德华气体范特霍夫方程范特霍夫规则constant of reaction rate van der Waals constant van der Waals equation van der Waals force van der Waals gases van’t Hoff equation van’t Hoff rule van’t Hof f equation of osmotic pressure范特霍夫渗透压公式非基元反应非体积功non-elementary reactions non-volume work time independent stoichiomet ric reactions Fick’s first law of diffusion非依时计量学反应菲克扩散第一定律沸点boiling point elevation of boiling point沸点升高费米-狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics分布分布数分解电压分配定律分散系统分散相分体积distribution distribution numbers decomposition vo ltage distribution law disperse system dispersion phase partial volume par tial volume law分体积定律分压partial pressure partial pressure law mechanics of molecular reaction s分压定律分子反应力学分子间力intermolecular force分子蒸馏molecular distillation封闭系统closed system附加压力excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式adsorption 负极负吸附negative pole negative adsorption Freundlich empirical formula of复合反应composite reaction盖・吕萨克定律盖斯定律甘汞电极感胶离子序杠杆规则高分子溶液高会溶点Gay-Lussac lawHess law calomel electrode lyotropic series lever rule macromolecularsolution upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯-德雷珀定律隔离系统Grotthus-Dr aoer’s lawisolated system根均方速率root-mean-square speed功功函work work content conjugate solution azeotropic temperature共轭溶液共沸温度构型熵configurational entropy孤立系统固溶胶isolated system solid sol solid solution固态混合物固相线光反应solid phase line photoreaction光化学第二定律光化学第一定律光敏反应光谱熵广度性质广延量广延性质规定熵the second law of actinochemistry the first law of actinochemistry photosensitized reactions spectrum entropyextensive property extensive quantity extensive property stipulated e ntropy oversaturated solution oversaturated vapor过饱和溶液过饱和蒸气过程process过渡状态理论过冷水过冷液体过热液体transition state theorysuper-cooled water overcooled liquid overheated liquid Helmholtz func tion Helmholtz function criterion Helmholtz free energy亥姆霍兹函数亥姆霍兹函数判据亥姆霍兹自由能亥氏函数焓Helmholtz functionenthalpy Henry constant Henry law亨利常数亨利定律恒沸混合物恒容摩尔热容constant boiling mixture molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热heat at constant volume恒外压constant external pressure mola r heat capacity at constant pressure恒压摩尔热容恒压热heat at constant pressure化学动力学chemical kinetics stoichi ometric equation of chemical reaction stoichiometric coefficient of chemic al reaction化学反应计量式化学反应计量系数化学反应进度化学亲合势化学热力学化学势extent of chemical reaction chemical affinity chemical thermodynamics chemical potential chemical potential criterion chemisorptions化学势判据化学吸附环境environment entropy change in environment环境熵变挥发度volatility混合熵混合物活度entropy of mixing mixture activi ty activation control活化控制活化络合物理论activated complex theory活化能activation energy霍根-华森图基态能级Hougen-Watson Chart ene rgy level at ground state Kirchhoff formula基希霍夫公式基元反应elementary reactions积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution Gibbs-Duhem equation Gibbs-Helmhotz equation吉布斯-杜亥姆方程吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程吉布斯函数Gibbs function Gibbs function criterion吉布斯函数判据吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能吉氏函数Gibbs f ree energyGibbs function polarization potential of electrode极化电极电势极化曲线极化作用polarization curves polarization limiting molar conductivity极限摩尔电导率几率因子计量式计量系数价数规则steric factor stoichiometric equation stoichiometric coefficient rule of valence简并度degeneracy键焓bond enthalpy胶冻胶核broth jelly colloidal nucleus demulsific ation胶凝作用胶束胶体micelle colloid dispersion system of colloid胶体分散系统胶体化学胶体粒子胶团collochemistry colloidal particlesmicelle焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验焦耳-汤姆生系数焦耳-汤姆生效应焦耳定律J oule-Thomson experiment Joule-Thomson coefficient Joule-Thomson effect Joule`s law接触电势contact potential接触角节流过程节流膨胀contact angle thr ottling process throttling expansion coefficient of throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附界面interfaces surface t ension dissociation chemical adsorption界面张力浸湿浸湿功精馏immersion wetting immersion wetting work rectify聚(合电解质polyelectrolyte1。
初中物理化学英语名词汇总
初中物理英语名词mechanical motion ['mo ʃən] 机械运动机械运动 motion 运动 reference reference['r ['r ɛf ər əns] object object 参照物参照物参照物 rest 静止 velocity [v ə'l ɑsətɪ] 速度速度 sound 声音声音 uniform rectilinear [,r ɛkt ə'l ɪn ɪɚ] motion 匀速直线运动匀速直线运动variable variable['v ['v ɛr ɪəb!]rectilinear motion 变速直线运动变速直线运动musical sound 乐音乐音 noise 噪音噪音 pitch pitch[p [p ɪt ʃ] 音调音调 （frequently 频繁的）frequency ['frikw əns ɪ]频率频率 loudness 响度响度 musical quality ['kw ɑlətɪ]音色音色 ultrasound ：['ʌltr ə,saund]超声超声 infrasonic sound [,ɪnfr ə's ɑnɪk]次声次声light 光 reflection reflection[r [r ɪ'fl ɛk ʃən] of of light light 光的反射mirror reflection 镜面反射镜面反射diffuse diffuse[d [d ɪ'fjuz] reflection 漫反射漫反射 refraction refraction [r [r ɪ'fræk ʃən] of light 光的折射光的折射 conves ['k ɑnvɛks] lens lens [l [l ɛnz] 凸透镜凸透镜 concave ['k ɑnkev] lens 凹透镜凹透镜 convergent convergent[k [k ən'v ɝd ʒənt] lens 汇聚透镜(凸透镜) divergent divergent [da [da ɪ'v ɝd ʒənt] lens 发散透镜（凹透镜）force [fors]力 elastic elastic [ [ɪ'læst ɪk] force 弹力弹力 gravity ['græv ət ɪ]重力重力 weight [wet]物重（重力） center of gravity 重心重心 sliding sliding['sla ['sla ɪd ɪŋ] frictional ['fr ɪk ʃən əl] force 滑动摩擦力滑动摩擦力 Newton Newton’’s first law 牛顿第一定律牛顿第一定律 inertia inertia [ [ɪn'ɝʃə]惯性mass [mæs] 质量质量 density ['d ɛns ət ɪ]密度密度 buoyancy ['b ɔɪəns ɪ] force 浮力浮力pressure ['pr ɛʃɚ] 压力压力 （相同，注意理解）（相同，注意理解） pressure 压强压强 atmospheric atmospheric [,ætm [,ætm əs'f ɛr ɪk] pressure 气压气压 standard atmospheric pressure 标准大气压标准大气压lever ['l ɛv ɚ] 杠杆杠杆 fixed pulley ['pul ɪ] 定滑轮定滑轮 movable movable ['muv ['muv əb!] pulley 动滑轮动滑轮 mechanicl work 机械功机械功power 功率功率 mechanicl efficiency [ɪ'f ɪʃəns ɪ] 机械效率机械效率 kinetic energy ：[k ɪ'n ɛt ɪk] 动能动能 energy 能量能量 potential energy [p ə't ɛn ʃəl] 势能势能 mechanicl energy 机械能机械能crystal ['kr ɪst!] 晶体晶体 noncrystal 非晶体非晶体 melt ing ing['m ['m ɛlt ɪŋ] 熔化熔化 melting point [p ɔɪnt] 熔点熔点 vaporization vaporization [,vep [,vep ər ə'ze ʃən] 汽化汽化 boiling ['b ɔɪl ɪŋ]沸腾沸腾vaporation 蒸发蒸发 sublimation sublimation[,s [,s ʌbl ə'me ʃən] 升华升华 solidification solidification[s [s ə,l ɪd əf ə'ke ʃən]凝固凝固 solidifying ：[s ə'l ɪd ə,fa ɪ] point 凝固点凝固点 liquefaction liquefaction[,l [,l ɪkw ɪ'fæk ʃən] 液化液化 condensation condensation [,k [,k ɑndɛn'seʃən] 凝华凝华 internal internal [ [ɪn't ɝn!] energy 内能内能 heat quantity ：['kw ɑntətɪ] 热量热量 specific [sp ɪ's ɪf ɪk] heat capacity [k ə'pæs ət ɪ] 比热容比热容 heat engine ['ɛnd ʒən] 热机热机 internal-combustion internal-combustion[k [k əm'b ʌst ʃən] engine 内燃机内燃机electric electric [ [ɪ'l ɛktr ɪk] charge [t ʃɑrd ʒ] 电荷电荷 positive positive ['p ['p ɑzətɪv] charge 正电荷正电荷 negative negative ['n ['n ɛg ət ɪv] charge 负电荷负电荷 series series['siriz]['siriz] connection [k ə'n ɛk ʃən] 串联串联 parallel parallel['pær ['pær ə,l ɛl] connection 并联并联 electric current ['k ɝənt] 电流电流 ampere [æm'p ɪr]安培安培 voltage ['volt ɪd ʒ] 电压电压 volt 福特福特 ohm ‘s law 欧姆定律欧姆定律electric power 电功率电功率 rated rated ['ret ['ret ɪd] voltage 额定电压额定电压 rated current 额定电流额定电流 rated power 额定功率额定功率 electromagnetic [ɪ'l ɛktromæg'n ɛt ɪk] induction [ɪn'd ʌk ʃən] 电磁感应现象电磁感应现象induced electric current 感应电流感应电流lightguide lightguide[la [la ɪtga ɪd] fiber ['fa ɪb ɚ] 光导纤维光导纤维 elasticity elasticity[[ɪ,læs't ɪs ət ɪ]弹性弹性 hardness 硬度硬度 ducility 延展性延展性 chemical energy 化学能化学能 nuclear ['njukl ɪɚ] energy 核能 law of conservation [,k ɑnsɚ'veʃən] of energy 能量守恒定律能量守恒定律renewable renewable [r [r ɪ'nju əb!] energy source [sors]可再生能源可再生能源 （注意“核-nuclear ”-联系时政） nonrenewable energy source 不可再生能源不可再生能源 nuclear fission ['f ɪʃən] 核裂变核裂变 nuclear fusion ['fju ʒən] 核聚变核聚变 geothermal geothermal [,d [,d ʒio'θɝm!] energy 地热能地热能 tidal tidal ['ta ['ta ɪd!]energy 潮汐能潮汐能 wind energy 风能风能angle ['æŋg!]of of emergence emergence [ɪ'm ɝd ʒəns]出射角 light light beam beam beam[bim][bim] 光束/光柱angle of incidence ['ɪns ədns] 入射角 light ray 光线 angle of reflection [r ɪ'fl ɛk ʃən] 反射角 light source [sors] 光源 angle of refraction [r ɪ'fræk ʃən] 折射角 mains frequency ['frikw əns ɪ] 市电频率 apparent apparent [ [ə'pær ənt] depth [d ɛpθ] 视深 medium ['mid ɪəm] 介质 binoculars [b ɪ'n ɑkjəlɚs] 双筒望远 （新概念词汇） boiler boiler['b['b ɔɪl ɚ] 锅炉 microwave microwave ['ma ['ma ɪkro,wev] 微波 mirage mirage[m [m ə'r ɑʒ] 海市蜃楼，蜃景 Celsius temperature scale [skel] 摄氏温标 mirror 镜 change of state 物态变化 multiple multiple ['m ['m ʌlt əp!] image image['['ɪm ɪd ʒ] 复像multiple reflection 多次反射 condensation condensation [,k [,k ɑndɛn'seʃən] 凝结，凝聚 mutually mutually ['mjut ['mjut ʃu əl ɪ] perpendicular [,p ɝp ən'd ɪkj əl ɚ]互相垂直的 colour 颜色condensation condensation[,k [,k ɑndɛn'seʃən] point 凝点，凝结点 normal 法线 coolant coolant['kul ['kul ənt] 冷却剂 object 物，物体 cooling curve [k ɝv] 冷却曲 object distance 物距 critical ['kr ɪt ɪk!] angle 临界 optical optical [' ['ɑptɪk!]ɑptɪk!] fibre ['fa ɪb ɚ] 光导纤维，光纤degree degree [d [d ɪ'gri] 度 optical optical [' ['ɑptɪk!]ɑptɪk!] illusion [ɪ'lju ʒən] 光幻象，视错觉 degree Celsius （ce ntigrade ） 摄氏度 optically ['ɑptɪklɪ] dense medium medium['mid ['mid ɪəm] 光密介质deviation deviation[,div[,div ɪ'e ʃən] 偏向，偏差 optically less dense [d ɛns] medium 光疏介质物理学物理学 physics 误差误差 error 游码游码 rider 测量测量 measure (vt.) 实验实验 experiment 温度计温度计 temperature 长度长度 length 实验室实验室 laboratory 摄氏度摄氏度 degree centigrade 单位单位 unit 面积面积 area 温度计温度计 thermometer 千米千米 kilometer 平方米平方米 square meter 体温计体温计 clinical thermometer 米 meter 体积体积 volume 时间时间 time 分米分米 decimeter 立方米立方米 cubic meter 小时小时 hour 厘米厘米 centimeter 升 Liter 分钟分钟 minute 毫米毫米 millimeter 毫升毫升 Milliliter 秒 second 微米微米 micron 质量质量 mass 毫秒毫秒 millisecond 纳米纳米 nanometer 吨 ton 停表停表 stop watch 测量工具测量工具 measuring tool 千克千克 kilogram 力 force 刻度尺刻度尺 meter ruler 克 gram 牛顿牛顿 Newton 最小刻度最小刻度 division value 毫克毫克 milligram 测力计测力计 dynamometer 零刻度线零刻度线 zero graduation line 天平天平 balance 弹簧秤弹簧秤 spring balance 测量范围测量范围 measuring range 砝码砝码 weights Ⅱ、运动（simple motion ）相对运动相对运动 relative motion 方向方向 direction 路程路程 path 静止静止 rest 直线运动直线运动 rectilinear motion 速度速度 velocity 参照物参照物 reference 曲线运动曲线运动 curvilinear motion 变速直线运动变速直线运动 variable rectilinear motion 位置位置 position 匀速直线运动匀速直线运动 uniform rectilinear motion 平均速度average velocity Ⅲ、热（heat ）分子分子 molecules 熔化熔化 melting 液化液化 liquefaction 分子运动分子运动 molecular motion 熔点熔点 melting point 升华升华 sublimation 扩散扩散 diffusion 凝固凝固 solidification 凝华凝华 condensation 排斥力排斥力 repulsive force 凝固点凝固点 solidifying point 冰箱冰箱 refrigerator 吸引力吸引力 attractive force 晶体晶体 crystal 热传递热传递 heat transfer 物质物质 substance 非晶体non crystal 热传导热传导 heat conduction 物体物体 object 吸收吸收 absorb(v.) 热对流热对流 heat convection 状态状态 state 放出放出 release(v.) 热辐射热辐射 heat radiation 固体固体 solid 汽化汽化 vaporization 热量热量 heat 液体液体 liquid 蒸发蒸发 evaporation 比热（容） specific heat （capacity ） 气体气体 gas 沸腾沸腾 boiling 物态变化物态变化 state transformation 沸点沸点 boiling point ⅠⅠ、光（light ）光源光源 light source 入射角入射角 incident angle 焦距焦距 focal length 光的直线传播rectilinear propagation of light 反射角反射角 reflection angle 会聚会聚 converge(v.) 小孔成像小孔成像 image by ping hole 镜面反射镜面反射 mirror reflection 发散发散 diverge(v.) 日食日食 solar eclipse 漫反射漫反射 diffuse reflection 光屏（屏幕） screen 月食月食 lunar eclipse 平面镜平面镜 plane mirror 照相机照相机 camera 光速光速 velocity of light 潜望镜潜望镜 periscope 幻灯机幻灯机 slide projector 真空真空 vacuum 蜡烛蜡烛 candle 电影放映机电影放映机 film projector 空气空气 air 光的折射光的折射 refraction of light 放大镜放大镜 magnifier 玻璃玻璃 glass 折射光线折射光线 refracted ray 倒立的倒立的 inverted 水 water 折射角折射角 refraction angle 正立的正立的 erected 均匀介质均匀介质 well-distributed medium 透镜透镜 lens 缩小的缩小的 reduced 射光的反射 reflection reflection of of of light light 镜凸透镜 convex convex lens lens 的放大的amplified 反射定律反射定律 reflection law 凹透镜凹透镜 concave lens 实像实像 real image 入射光线入射光线 incident ray （主）光轴（主）光轴 principal optical axis 虚像虚像 virtual image 反射光线反射光线 reflected reflected ray ray 光心光心 optical optical center center center of of of lens lens 海市蜃楼海市蜃楼mirage 法线法线 normal 焦点焦点 focus 光的色散光的色散 dispersion of light Ⅴ、磁（magnetism ）磁体磁体 magnet 小磁针小磁针 magnetic needle 磁场磁场 magnetic field 天然磁体天然磁体 natural magnet 磁极磁极 magnetic pole 地磁场地磁场 geomagnetic field 人造磁体人造磁体 man-made magnet 南极南极 north pole 电流的磁场电流的磁场 magnetic field of electric current 条形磁铁条形磁铁 bar bar magnet magnet 北极北极 South South pole pole 磁感线磁感线 magnetic magnetic induction induction line 蹄形磁铁 horseshoe magnet 磁化 magnetization 电磁铁 electromagnet 三、声音（sound ）振动振动 vibrate 声波声波 wave of sound 振幅振幅 amplitude 介质介质 medium 音调音调 pitch 噪音噪音 noise 传播传播 travel 响度响度 loudness 乐音乐音 voice 声速声速 velocity of sound 音色音色 musical quality 分贝分贝 decibel （dB ）回声回声 echo 频率频率 frequency 四、力（force ）重力重力 gravity 惯性惯性 inertia 动力动力 motive force 重心重心 center of gravity 平 衡 equilibrium 阻力阻力 resistance 摩擦力摩擦力 friction force 压强压强 pressure 动力臂动力臂 power arm 滑动摩擦滑动摩擦 sliding sliding friction friction 帕斯卡帕斯卡 Pascal(Pa) 阻力臂阻力臂 resisting arm 滚动摩擦滚动摩擦 rolling friction 液体压强液体压强 hydraulic pressure 作用线作用线 action-line 静摩擦静摩擦 static friction 大气压强atmospheric pressure 滑轮滑轮 pulley 压力压力 pressure force 标准大气压standard atmospheric pressure 定滑轮定滑轮 fixed pulley 浮力浮力 buoyancy force 气压计气压计 barometer 动滑轮动滑轮 movable pulley 力的图示力的图示 force diagram 托里拆利托里拆利 Torricelli 滑轮组滑轮组 pulley block 力的大小力的大小 magnitude of force 阿基米德原理阿基米德原理 Archimedes principle 功 work 力的方向力的方向 direction of force 密度密度 density 功 率 power 力的作用点力的作用点 acting point of force 潜水艇潜水艇 submarine 机械效率机械效率 mechanical efficiency 合力合力 resultant force 热气球热气球 fire balloon 有用功有用功 useful work 分力分力 component force 飞 艇 airship 额外功额外功 extra wok 力的合成力的合成 composition of forces 简单机械简单机械 simple mechanics 总功总功 total work 形变形变 deformation 杠杆杠杆 lever 斜面斜面 inclined plane 牛顿第一定律牛顿第一定律 Newton’s First Law 支点支点 pivot 五、电（electricity ）电荷电荷 electric charge 正极正极 positive plate 电压电压 voltage 带电体带电体 charged body 负极负极 negative plate 伏特伏特 V olt 摩擦起电electrification by friction 电路电路 electric circuit 伏特计伏特计 voltmeter 正电荷正电荷 positive positive charge charge 路通路 closed closed circuit circuit 电阻电阻resistance 负电荷负电荷 negative charge 开路开路 open circuit 欧姆欧姆 Ohm 导体导体 conductor 短路短路 short circuit 变阻器变阻器 rheostat 绝缘体绝缘体 insulator 电路图电路图 circuit circuit map map 滑动变阻器滑动变阻器 slide slide wire wire rheostat 蓄电池蓄电池 storage plate 安培计安培计 ammeter 半导体半导体 semiconductor 串联串联 series connection 欧姆定律欧姆定律 Ohm’s law 电源电源 power source 并联并联 parallel connection 电功电功 electric work 导线导线 wire 电量电量 electric quantity 电功率电功率 electric power 电键电键 key(switch) 电流电流 electric current 额定电压额定电压 rated voltage 干电池干电池 dry cell 安培安培 Ampere 额定电功率额定电功率 rated power 。
常用物理英语词汇(全)
常用物理英语词汇(全)力学（Mechanics）1. Force（力）2. Acceleration（加速度）3. Momentum（动量）4. Kinetic Energy（动能）5. Potential Energy（势能）6. Gravity（重力）7. Friction（摩擦力）8. Torque（扭矩）9. Angular Momentum（角动量）10. Work（功）热学（Thermodynamics）11. Temperature（温度）12. Heat（热量）13. Internal Energy（内能）14. Entropy（熵）15. Boyle's Law（波义耳定律）16. Charles's Law（查理定律）17. GayLussac's Law（盖吕萨克定律）18. Ideal Gas Law（理想气体定律）19. First Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第一定律）20. Second Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第二定律）电磁学（Electromagnetism）21. Electric Charge（电荷）22. Electric Field（电场）23. Magnetic Field（磁场）24. Current（电流）25. Voltage（电压）26. Resistance（电阻）27. Capacitance（电容）28. Inductance（电感）29. Ohm's Law（欧姆定律）30. Ampère's Law（安培定律）光学（Optics）31. Light（光）32. Refraction（折射）33. Reflection（反射）34. Diffraction（衍射）35. Interference（干涉）36. Polarization（偏振）37. Lens（透镜）38. Prism（棱镜）39. Spectrum（光谱）40. Wave Optics（波动光学）现代物理（Modern Physics）41. Quantum Mechanics（量子力学）42. Relativity（相对论）43. Photon（光子）44. Electron（电子）45. Proton（质子）46. Neutron（中子）47. Quark（夸克）48. Black Hole（黑洞）49. Higgs Boson（希格斯玻色子）50. String Theory（弦理论）这些词汇仅为物理学中常用术语的一小部分。
(完整版)化学专业英语
(完整版)化学专业英语一、基础词汇篇1. 原子与分子Atom（原子）：物质的基本单位，由质子、中子和电子组成。
2. 化学反应Reactant（反应物）：参与化学反应的物质。
Product（物）：化学反应后的物质。
Catalyst（催化剂）：能改变化学反应速率而本身不发生永久变化的物质。
3. 物质状态Solid（固体）：具有一定形状和体积的物质。
Liquid（液体）：具有一定体积，无固定形状的物质。
Gas（气体）：无固定形状和体积的物质。
4. 酸碱盐Acid（酸）：在水溶液中能电离出氢离子的物质。
Base（碱）：在水溶液中能电离出氢氧根离子的物质。
Salt（盐）：由酸的阴离子和碱的阳离子组成的化合物。
5. 溶液与浓度Solution（溶液）：由溶剂和溶质组成的均匀混合物。
Solvent（溶剂）：能溶解其他物质的物质。
Solute（溶质）：被溶解的物质。
Concentration（浓度）：溶液中溶质含量的度量。
二、专业术语篇1. 有机化学Organic Chemistry（有机化学）：研究碳化合物及其衍生物的化学分支。
Functional Group（官能团）：决定有机化合物化学性质的原子或原子团。
Polymer（聚合物）：由许多重复单元组成的大分子化合物。
2. 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry（无机化学）：研究不含碳的化合物及其性质的化学分支。
Crystal（晶体）：具有规则排列的原子、离子或分子的固体。
OxidationReduction Reaction（氧化还原反应）：涉及电子转移的化学反应。
3. 物理化学Physical Chemistry（物理化学）：研究化学现象与物理现象之间关系的化学分支。
Chemical Bond（化学键）：原子间相互作用力，使原子结合成分子。
Thermodynamics（热力学）：研究能量转换和物质性质的科学。
4. 分析化学Analytical Chemistry（分析化学）：研究物质的组成、结构和性质的科学。
物理化学概念和术语中英文对照
物理化学概念和术语中英文对照1.BET公式BET formula2.DLVO理论 DLVO theory3.HLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance method4.pVT性质 pVT property5.ζ电势 zeta potential6.阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro'number7.阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro law8.阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory9.阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation10.阿累尼乌斯活化能 Arrhenius activation energy11.阿马格定律 Amagat law12.艾林方程 Erying equation13.爱因斯坦光化当量定律 Einstein's law of photochemicalequivalence14.爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程 Einstein-Stokes equation15.安托万常数 Antoine constant16.安托万方程 Antoine equation17.盎萨格电导理论Onsager's theory of conductance18.半电池half cell19.半衰期half time period20.饱和液体 saturated liquids21.饱和蒸气 saturated vapor22.饱和吸附量 saturated extent of adsorption23.饱和蒸气压 saturated vapor pressure24.爆炸界限 explosion limits25.比表面功 specific surface work26.比表面吉布斯函数 specific surface Gibbs function27.比浓粘度 reduced viscosity28.标准电动势 standard electromotive force29.标准电极电势 standard electrode potential30.标准摩尔反应焓 standard molar reaction enthalpy31.标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数 standard Gibbs function of molarreaction32.标准摩尔反应熵 standard molar reaction entropy33.标准摩尔焓函数 standard molar enthalpy function34.标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数 standard molar Gibbs free energyfunction35.标准摩尔燃烧焓 standard molar combustion enthalpy36.标准摩尔熵 standard molar entropy37.标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation enthalpy38.标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数 standard molar formation Gibbs function39.标准平衡常数 standard equilibrium constant40.标准氢电极 standard hydrogen electrode41.标准态 standard state42.标准熵 standard entropy43.标准压力 standard pressure44.标准状况 standard condition45.表观活化能apparent activation energy46.表观摩尔质量 apparent molecular weight47.表观迁移数apparent transference number48.表面 surfaces49.表面过程控制 surface process control50.表面活性剂surfactants51.表面吸附量 surface excess52.表面张力 surface tension53.表面质量作用定律 surface mass action law54.波义尔定律 Boyle law55.波义尔温度 Boyle temperature56.波义尔点 Boyle point57.玻尔兹曼常数 Boltzmann constant58.玻尔兹曼分布 Boltzmann distribution59.玻尔兹曼公式 Boltzmann formula60.玻尔兹曼熵定理 Boltzmann entropy theorem61.玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics62.泊Poise63.不可逆过程 irreversible process64.不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes65.不可逆相变化 irreversible phase change66.布朗运动 brownian movement67.查理定律 Charle's law68.产率 yield69.敞开系统 open system70.超电势 over potential71.沉降 sedimentation72.沉降电势 sedimentation potential73.沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium74.触变 thixotropy75.粗分散系统 thick disperse system76.催化剂 catalyst77.单分子层吸附理论 mono molecule layer adsorption78.单分子反应 unimolecular reaction79.单链反应 straight chain reactions80.弹式量热计 bomb calorimeter81.道尔顿定律 Dalton law82.道尔顿分压定律 Dalton partial pressure law83.德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect84.德拜立方公式 Debye cubic formula85.德拜－休克尔极限公式 Debye-Huckel's limiting equation86.等焓过程 isenthalpic process87.等焓线isenthalpic line88.等几率定理 theorem of equal probability89.等温等容位Helmholtz free energy90.等温等压位Gibbs free energy91.等温方程 equation at constant temperature92.低共熔点 eutectic point93.低共熔混合物 eutectic mixture94.低会溶点 lower consolute point95.低熔冰盐合晶 cryohydric96.第二类永动机 perpetual machine of the second kind97.第三定律熵 third-law entropy98.第一类永动机 perpetual machine of the first kind99.缔合化学吸附 association chemical adsorption100.电池常数 cell constant101.电池电动势 electromotive force of cells102.电池反应 cell reaction103.电导 conductance104.电导率 conductivity105.电动势的温度系数 temperature coefficient of electromotive force106.电动电势 zeta potential107.电动现象electrokinetic phenomena108.电功electric work109.电化学 electrochemistry110.电化学极化 electrochemical polarization111.电极电势 electrode potential112.电极反应 reactions on the electrode113.电极种类 type of electrodes114.电解池 electrolytic cell115.电量计 coulometer116.电流效率current efficiency117.电迁移 electro migration118.电迁移率 electromobility119.电渗 electroosmosis120.电渗析 electrodialysis121.电泳 electrophoresis122.丁达尔效应 Dyndall effect123.定容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant volume 124.定容温度计 Constant voIume thermometer125.定压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant pressure 126.定压温度计 constant pressure thermometer127.定域子系统 localized particle system128.动力学方程kinetic equations129.动力学控制 kinetics control130.独立子系统 independent particle system131.对比摩尔体积 reduced mole volume132.对比体积 reduced volume133.对比温度 reduced temperature134.对比压力 reduced pressure135.对称数 symmetry number136.对行反应reversible reactions137.对应状态原理 principle of corresponding state138.多方过程polytropic process139.多分子层吸附理论 adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers140.二级反应second order reaction141.二级相变second order phase change142.法拉第常数 faraday constant143.法拉第定律 Faraday's law144.法扬思-帕尼思规则 Fajans- Pancth's rule145.反电动势back E.M.F.146.反渗透 reverse osmosis147.反应分子数 molecularity148.反应级数 reaction orders149.反应进度 extent of reaction150.反应热heat of reaction151.反应速率rate of reaction152.反应速率常数 constant of reaction rate153.范德华常数 van der Waals constant154.范德华方程 van der Waals equation155.范德华力 van der Waals force156.范德华气体 van der Waals gases157.范特霍夫方程 van't Hoff equation158.范特霍夫规则 van't Hoff rule159.范特霍夫渗透压公式 van't Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 160.非基元反应 non-elementary reactions161.非体积功 non-volume work162.非依时计量学反应 time independent stoichiometric reactions 163.菲克扩散第一定律 Fick's first law of diffusion164.沸点 boiling point165.沸点升高 elevation of boiling point166.费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics167.分布 distribution168.分布数 distribution numbers169.分解电压 decomposition voltage170.分配定律 distribution law171.分散系统 disperse system172.分散相 dispersion phase173.分体积 partial volume174.分体积定律 partial volume law175.分压 partial pressure176.分压定律 partial pressure law177.分子反应力学 mechanics of molecular reactions178.分子间力 intermolecular force179.分子蒸馏molecular distillation180.封闭系统 closed system181.附加压力 excess pressure182.弗罗因德利希吸附经验式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption183.负极 negative pole184.负吸附 negative adsorption185.复合反应composite reaction186.盖·吕萨克定律 Gay-Lussac law187.盖斯定律 Hess law188.甘汞电极 calomel electrode189.感胶离子序 lyotropic series190.杠杆规则 lever rule191.高分子溶液 macromolecular solution192.高会溶点 upper consolute point193.隔离法the isolation method194.格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoer's law195.隔离系统 isolated system196.根均方速率 root-mean-square speed197.功 work198.功函work content199.共轭溶液 conjugate solution200.共沸温度 azeotropic temperature201.构型熵configurational entropy202.孤立系统 isolated system203.固溶胶 solid sol204.固态混合物 solid solution205.固相线 solid phase line206.光反应 photoreaction207.光化学第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry 208.光化学第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry209.光敏反应 photosensitized reactions210.光谱熵 spectrum entropy211.广度性质 extensive property212.广延量 extensive quantity213.广延性质 extensive property214.规定熵 stipulated entropy215.过饱和溶液 oversaturated solution216.过饱和蒸气 oversaturated vapor217.过程 process218.过渡状态理论 transition state theory219.过冷水 super-cooled water220.过冷液体 overcooled liquid221.过热液体 overheated liquid222.亥姆霍兹函数 Helmholtz function223.亥姆霍兹函数判据 Helmholtz function criterion224.亥姆霍兹自由能 Helmholtz free energy225.亥氏函数 Helmholtz function226.焓 enthalpy227.亨利常数 Henry constant228.亨利定律 Henry law229.恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture230.恒容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant volume 231.恒容热 heat at constant volume232.恒外压 constant external pressure233.恒压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure 234.恒压热 heat at constant pressure235.化学动力学chemical kinetics236.化学反应计量式 stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction237.化学反应计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction238.化学反应进度 extent of chemical reaction239.化学亲合势 chemical affinity240.化学热力学chemical thermodynamics241.化学势 chemical potential242.化学势判据 chemical potential criterion243.化学吸附 chemisorptions244.环境 environment245.环境熵变 entropy change in environment246.挥发度volatility247.混合熵 entropy of mixing248.混合物 mixture249.活度 activity250.活化控制 activation control251.活化络合物理论 activated complex theory252.活化能activation energy253.霍根-华森图 Hougen-Watson Chart254.基态能级 energy level at ground state255.基希霍夫公式 Kirchhoff formula256.基元反应elementary reactions257.积分溶解热 integration heat of dissolution258.吉布斯－杜亥姆方程 Gibbs-Duhem equation259.吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation 260.吉布斯函数 Gibbs function261.吉布斯函数判据 Gibbs function criterion262.吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula263.吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy264.吉氏函数 Gibbs function265.极化电极电势 polarization potential of electrode 266.极化曲线 polarization curves267.极化作用 polarization268.极限摩尔电导率 limiting molar conductivity269.几率因子 steric factor270.计量式 stoichiometric equation271.计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient272.价数规则 rule of valence273.简并度 degeneracy274.键焓bond enthalpy275.胶冻 broth jelly276.胶核 colloidal nucleus277.胶凝作用 demulsification278.胶束micelle279.胶体 colloid280.胶体分散系统 dispersion system of colloid281.胶体化学 collochemistry282.胶体粒子 colloidal particles283.胶团 micelle284.焦耳Joule285.焦耳-汤姆生实验 Joule-Thomson experiment286.焦耳-汤姆生系数 Joule-Thomson coefficient287.焦耳-汤姆生效应 Joule-Thomson effect288.焦耳定律 Joule's law289.接触电势contact potential290.接触角 contact angle291.节流过程 throttling process292.节流膨胀 throttling expansion293.节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion 294.结线 tie line295.结晶热heat of crystallization296.解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption297.界面 interfaces298.界面张力 surface tension299.浸湿 immersion wetting300.浸湿功 immersion wetting work301.精馏 rectify302.聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte303.聚沉 coagulation304.聚沉值 coagulation value305.绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory306.绝对熵 absolute entropy307.绝对温标absolute temperature scale308.绝热过程 adiabatic process309.绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter310.绝热指数 adiabatic index311.卡诺定理 Carnot theorem312.卡诺循环 Carnot cycle313.开尔文公式 Kelvin formula314.柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law315.科尔劳施离子独立运动定律 Kohlrausch's Law of Independent Migration of Ions316.可能的电解质potential electrolyte317.可逆电池 reversible cell318.可逆过程 reversible process319.可逆过程方程 reversible process equation320.可逆体积功 reversible volume work321.可逆相变 reversible phase change322.克拉佩龙方程 Clapeyron equation323.克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality324.克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation 325.控制步骤 control step326.库仑计 coulometer327.扩散控制 diffusion controlled328.拉普拉斯方程 Laplace's equation329.拉乌尔定律 Raoult law330.兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism 331.兰格缪尔吸附等温式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula 332.雷利公式 Rayleigh equation333.冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration334.冷却曲线 cooling curve335.离解热heat of dissociation336.离解压力dissociation pressure337.离域子系统 non-localized particle systems338.离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion 339.离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions340.离子的迁移数transport number of ions341.离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions 342.离子氛 ionic atmosphere343.离子强度 ionic strength344.理想混合物 perfect mixture345.理想气体 ideal gas346.理想气体的绝热指数 adiabatic index of ideal gases347.理想气体的微观模型 micro-model of ideal gas348.理想气体反应的等温方程 isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions349.理想气体绝热可逆过程方程 adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases350.理想气体状态方程 state equation of ideal gas351.理想溶液 ideal solutions352.理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution353.理想液态混合物 perfect liquid mixture354.粒子 particles355.粒子的配分函数 partition function of particles356.连串反应consecutive reactions357.链的传递物 chain carrier358.链反应 chain reactions359.量热熵 calorimetric entropy360.量子统计quantum statistics361.量子效率 quantum yield362.临界参数 critical parameter363.临界常数 critical constant364.临界点 critical point365.临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration366.临界摩尔体积 critical molar volume367.临界温度 critical temperature368.临界压力 critical pressure369.临界状态 critical state370.零级反应zero order reaction371.流动电势 streaming potential372.流动功 flow work373.笼罩效应 cage effect374.路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则 Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 375.露点 dew point376.露点线 dew point line377.麦克斯韦关系式 Maxwell relations378.麦克斯韦速率分布 Maxwell distribution of speeds379.麦克斯韦能量分布 MaxwelIdistribution of energy380.毛细管凝结 condensation in capillary381.毛细现象 capillary phenomena382.米凯利斯常数 Michaelis constant383.摩尔电导率 molar conductivity384.摩尔反应焓 molar reaction enthalpy385.摩尔混合熵 mole entropy of mixing386.摩尔气体常数 molar gas constant387.摩尔热容 molar heat capacity388.摩尔溶解焓 mole dissolution enthalpy389.摩尔稀释焓 mole dilution enthalpy390.内扩散控制 internal diffusions control391.内能 internal energy392.内压力 internal pressure393.能级 energy levels394.能级分布 energy level distribution395.能量均分原理 principle of the equipartition of energy 396.能斯特方程 Nernst equation397.能斯特热定理 Nernst heat theorem398.凝固点 freezing point399.凝固点降低 lowering of freezing point400.凝固点曲线 freezing point curve401.凝胶 gelatin402.凝聚态 condensed state403.凝聚相 condensed phase404.浓差超电势 concentration over-potential405.浓差极化 concentration polarization406.浓差电池 concentration cells407.帕斯卡pascal408.泡点 bubble point409.泡点线 bubble point line410.配分函数 partition function411.配分函数的析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state412.碰撞截面 collision cross section413.碰撞数 the number of collisions414.偏摩尔量 partial mole quantities415.平衡常数（理想气体反应） equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases416.平动配分函数 partition function of translation417.平衡分布 equilibrium distribution418.平衡态 equilibrium state419.平衡态近似法 equilibrium state approximation420.平衡状态图 equilibrium state diagram421.平均活度 mean activity422.平均活度系统 mean activity coefficient423.平均摩尔热容 mean molar heat capacity424.平均质量摩尔浓度 mean mass molarity425.平均自由程mean free path426.平行反应parallel reactions427.破乳 demulsification428.铺展 spreading429.普遍化范德华方程 universal van der Waals equation 430.其它功 the other work431.气化热heat of vaporization432.气溶胶 aerosol433.气体常数 gas constant434.气体分子运动论 kinetic theory of gases435.气体分子运动论的基本方程 foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases436.气溶胶 aerosol437.气相线 vapor line438.迁移数 transport number439.潜热latent heat440.强度量 intensive quantity441.强度性质 intensive property442.亲液溶胶 hydrophilic sol443.氢电极 hydrogen electrodes444.区域熔化zone melting445.热 heat446.热爆炸 heat explosion447.热泵 heat pump448.热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat449.热函heat content450.热化学thermochemistry451.热化学方程thermochemical equation452.热机 heat engine453.热机效率 efficiency of heat engine454.热力学 thermodynamics455.热力学第二定律 the second law of thermodynamics456.热力学第三定律 the third law of thermodynamics457.热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics458.热力学基本方程 fundamental equation of thermodynamics 459.热力学几率 thermodynamic probability460.热力学能 thermodynamic energy461.热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function 462.热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature463.热力学温度thermodynamic temperature464.热熵thermal entropy465.热效应heat effect466.熔点曲线 melting point curve467.熔化热heat of fusion468.溶胶 colloidal sol469.溶解焓 dissolution enthalpy470.溶液 solution471.溶胀 swelling472.乳化剂 emulsifier473.乳状液 emulsion474.润湿 wetting475.润湿角 wetting angle476.萨克尔－泰特洛德方程 Sackur-Tetrode equation 477.三相点 triple point478.三相平衡线 triple-phase line479.熵 entropy480.熵判据 entropy criterion481.熵增原理 principle of entropy increase482.渗透压 osmotic pressure483.渗析法 dialytic process484.生成反应 formation reaction485.升华热heat of sublimation486.实际气体 real gas487.舒尔采－哈迪规则 Schulze-Hardy rule488.松驰力relaxation force489.松驰时间time of relaxation490.速度常数reaction rate constant491.速率方程rate equations492.速率控制步骤rate determining step493.塔费尔公式 Tafel equation494.态－态反应 state-state reactions495.唐南平衡 Donnan equilibrium496.淌度 mobility497.特鲁顿规则 Trouton rule498.特性粘度 intrinsic viscosity499.体积功 volume work500.统计权重 statistical weight501.统计热力学 statistic thermodynamics502.统计熵 statistic entropy503.途径 path504.途径函数 path function505.外扩散控制 external diffusion control506.完美晶体 perfect crystalline507.完全气体 perfect gas508.微观状态 microstate509.微态 microstate510.韦斯顿标准电池 Weston standard battery511.维恩效应Wien effect512.维里方程 virial equation513.维里系数 virial coefficient514.稳流过程 steady flow process515.稳态近似法 stationary state approximation516.无热溶液athermal solution517.无限稀溶液 solutions in the limit of extreme dilution 518.物理化学 Physical Chemistry519.物理吸附 physisorptions520.吸附 adsorption521.吸附等量线 adsorption isostere522.吸附等温线 adsorption isotherm523.吸附等压线 adsorption isobar524.吸附剂 adsorbent525.吸附量 extent of adsorption526.吸附热 heat of adsorption527.吸附质 adsorbate528.析出电势 evolution or deposition potential529.析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state530.稀溶液的依数性 colligative properties of dilute solutions 531.稀释焓 dilution enthalpy532.系统 system533.系统点 system point534.系统的环境 environment of system535.相 phase536.相变 phase change537.相变焓 enthalpy of phase change538.相变化 phase change539.相变热 heat of phase change540.相点 phase point541.相对挥发度relative volatility542.相对粘度 relative viscosity543.相律 phase rule544.相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium545.相图 phase diagram546.相倚子系统 system of dependent particles547.悬浮液 suspension548.循环过程 cyclic process549.压力商 pressure quotient550.压缩因子 compressibility factor551.压缩因子图 diagram of compressibility factor552.亚稳状态 metastable state553.盐桥 salt bridge554.盐析 salting out555.阳极 anode556.杨氏方程 Young's equation557.液体接界电势 liquid junction potential558.液相线 liquid phase lines559.一级反应first order reaction560.一级相变first order phase change561.依时计量学反应 time dependent stoichiometric reactions 562.逸度 fugacity563.逸度系数 coefficient of fugacity564.阴极 cathode565.荧光 fluorescence566.永动机 perpetual motion machine567.永久气体 Permanent gas568.有效能 available energy569.原电池 primary cell570.原盐效应 salt effect571.增比粘度 specific viscosity572.憎液溶胶 lyophobic sol573.沾湿 adhesional wetting574.沾湿功 the work of adhesional wetting575.折射率index of refraction576.真溶液 true solution577.真实电解质real electrolyte578.真实气体 real gas579.真实迁移数true transference number580.振动配分函数 partition function of vibration581.振动特征温度 characteristic temperature of vibration 582.蒸气压下降 depression of vapor pressure583.正常沸点 normal point584.正吸附 positive adsorption585.支链反应 branched chain reactions586.直链反应 straight chain reactions587.指前因子 pre-exponential factor588.质量作用定律mass action law589.制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration590.中和热heat of neutralization591.轴功 shaft work592.转动配分函数 partition function of rotation593.转动特征温度 characteristic temperature of vibration 594.转化率 convert ratio595.转化温度conversion temperature596.状态 state597.状态方程 state equation598.状态分布 state distribution599.状态函数 state function600.准静态过程quasi-static process601.准一级反应 pseudo first order reaction 602.自动催化作用 auto-catalysis603.自发过程 spontaneous process604.自由度 degree of freedom605.自由度数 number of degree of freedom 606.自由焓free enthalpy607.自由能free energy608.自由膨胀free expansion609.组分数 component number610.最低恒沸点 lower azeotropic point611.最高恒沸点 upper azeotropic point612.最佳反应温度 optimal reaction temperature 613.最可几分布 most probable distribution 614.最可几速率 most propable speed。
国际学校物理化学高频英文词汇总结(A-Z)
国际学校物理化学高频英文词汇总结（A-Z）Aaccuracy准确性（度）acetic acid乙酸acidity酸性acid酸addition增加、加法air resistance空气阻力allotrope同素异形体angle 角度angular displacement 角位移Anion阴离子antinode波腹area 面积atmospheric pressure 大气压强Atomic number原子序数atom原子attract 吸引average 平均的、平均数Avogadro number 阿伏加德罗常数Bbalance 平衡balanced diet平衡膳食barometer 气压计base碱basicity碱性battery 电池benzene苯bimetallic strip 双金属片boiling point 沸点Boyle’s law 玻意尔定律Brownian motion 布朗运动bubble 气泡、冒泡buoyant force/ buoyancy 浮力Ccalcium hydroxide熟石灰、氢氧化钙calcium oxide生石灰/氧化钙calorie卡路里capacity能力、容量Carbohydrates糖类carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonic acid碳酸carbon碳catalyst催化剂Cation阳离子Celsius Scale 摄氏温标Celsius Scale摄氏温标centimetre / centimeter 厘米centre of gravity 重心centre of mass 质心centre 中心centripetal force 向心力changes of state 物态变化Charles’law 查理定律chemical change化学变化chemical energy化学能chemical equation 化学方程式chemical experiments化学实验chemical formula化学式chemical fuel化学燃料chemical property化学性质circular motion 圆周运动citric acid柠檬酸coal 煤collision 碰撞combination reaction化合反应combustion燃烧compound化合物compression 压缩conduction 热传导conductor 导体conservation 守恒、保护constant 常数、恒定的container 容器controlled variable控制变量convection 热对流copper sulfate硫酸铜copper铜Coulomb 库仑crack 破裂、裂缝crystal 晶体、水晶的current 流通、电流Ddecomposition reaction分解反应decrease减少（量）degree度、等级、程度density密度dependent variable 因变量depth深度diameter直径diamond金刚石diffraction衍射diffusion扩散、弥散direct current直流direction方向dispersion色散、散布displacement reaction置换反应distance 距离double-displacement reaction复分解反应EElectron Arrangement电子排布Electron电子element单质energy 能量equilibrium平衡ethanol乙醇evaporate蒸发、挥发evaporation蒸发Ffat脂肪fertilizer肥料field strength场强field 场filtration过滤fire extinguishing灭火first law of thermal dynamics 热力学第一定律flame test焰色反应flux 流量、流出free body diagram受力分析图free electrons自由电子free fall自由下落freezing point 凝固点frequency 频率friction摩擦力fuel 燃料fundamental unit 基本单位Ggalaxy星系gas law气体定律gaseous气态的global warming全球暖化gradient斜率、坡度graphite石墨Hhalf-life半衰期heat热（特指吸收的热量）height高度helium氦hydrochloric acid盐酸hydrogen chloride氯化氢Iideal gas理想气体impulse冲量independent variable自变量inertia惯性infrared红外线input power输入功率Isotope同位素Jjoule焦耳KKelvin Scale开氏温标、绝对温标kilogram千克kilometer 千米kilowatt 千瓦kinematics 运动学kinetic energy 动能kinetic theory of gas气体分子运动论Llactic acid乳酸laser激光latent heat 潜热law of conservation of mass质量守恒定律law定律length 长度lens透镜light year 光年Mmagnesium oxide氧化镁magnetic field磁场magnet磁体、磁铁Mass number质量数mass质量matter 物质mechanical energy机械能mercury barometer水银气压计methane甲烷micrometer screw gauge千分尺、螺旋测微计micrometer微米microscope显微镜microwave微波milliampere（mA）毫安mixture 混合物molecule分子Nnegative负的、负数neutralization reaction中和反应neutral中性的Neutron中子Newton’s laws of motion牛顿运动定律nitric acid硝酸nitrogen 氮气node节点、波结nuclear energy核能nutrient营养素Oohm 欧姆Ohmic conductor欧姆导体orbit轨道organic compounds有机化合物oscillation振荡、振动output power输出功率oxidation reaction氧化反应oxide氧化物oxygen氧气Pparticle粒子、微粒Pascal帕斯卡pendulum摆period 周期phase 相、位相physical change物理变化physical property物理性质potential divider分压器potential energy 势能power功率precision精密度pressure 压强principle 原理proteins蛋白质Proton质子purification提纯Qquantity 量、数量quantum量子Rradiation辐射radio wave无线电波rare gas 稀有气体ray射线、光线relative atomic mass相对原子质量Ssaturated solution饱和溶液scalar标量scale刻度、标度scientific notation科学记数法slope斜率、斜坡sodium hydroxide氢氧化钠solar energy 太阳能solid固体solubility溶解度solution溶液specific heat capacity比热容speed速率spring 弹簧starch淀粉sulfuric acid硫酸Ttemperature scale温标temperature温度tension拉力、张力thermal energy热能thermal equilibrium热平衡thermal expansion热膨胀thermodynamics 热力学thermometer 温度计Uuniform linear motion匀速直线运动unit单位derived unit导出单位unsaturated solution不饱和溶液Vvacuum真空valence化合价vapor/ vapour 水、蒸气vaporization 蒸发、汽化（n.）vaporize蒸发、汽化(v. )variable 变量、可变因素vector 矢量velocity 速度volume fraction体积分数WWatt瓦特wave energy波能、海浪能wave波weight 重力white phosphorous白磷wind energy风能work功。
化学专业英语,中英互译,考前必备
1.有机化学Inorganic chemistry 无机化学organic chemistry物理化学physical chemistry 分析化学Analytical chemistry 生物化学biochemistry 化工原理principles of chemical engineering热力学thermodynamics2.烷烃Alkanes烯烃Alkenes 炔烃Alkynes 甲烷Methane乙烯Ethene 乙炔Ethyne环己烷Cyclohexane苯Naphthalene 醇Alcohols醚Ethers 酮Ketones醛Aldehydes酯Esters羧酸Fatty Acids胺Amines 氰Cyanides碳水化合物Carbohydrates氨基酸Amino Acides 蛋白质protein 脂质lipids3. 氨基甲酸酯carbamate沉淀precipitation测定determine 除草剂herbicide 单元操作Unit operations底物substrate 定性分析qualitative 定量分析gravimetric发色团chromophore 分离isolate 分析物analyte 反应速率Reaction rate 过滤filtration化学污染chemical pollution合成synthesize解吸附作用desorption基本原理fundamental principle科学领域scientific fields农药pesticide亲核试剂nucleophile 杀菌剂fungicide 石化产品Petrochemical 碳氢化合物Hydrocarbons 碳阳离子carbocation物性the properties of substance 新陈代谢metabolism吸附adsorption有毒化学品toxic chemical 有机氯化物Organic chloride自然变化natural changes准确度accuracy 助色团auxochrome 植物生长调节剂plant growth regulator蒸馏distillation4.烧杯beakers通风橱Furne hoods 锥形瓶Erlenmeyer圆底烧瓶Round bottom flask蒸馏烧瓶Distillation蒸发皿Evaporating dishes真空干燥器Vaccume dessicator5.Al2O3aluminium(III) oxide BaCl2 Barium(II) chloride BaI2 Barium iodide Ca(MnO4)2Calcium permanganate Cu2S copper(I) sulphide CuO Copper(II) oxide FeSO4 Iron(II) sulfate HClO4 perchloric acid H2SO4 sulphuric acid H2CO3Carbouic acide HPO4diammonium hydrogen phosphate KHSO4 potassium hydrogen sulphide KMnO4 Potassium permanganate (NH4)2CO3ammoniue carbonate (NH4)2SO4 Ammmonium sulfate N2O nitrogen(I) oxide NaH Sodium permanganate P4O6 tetraphosphorus hexaoxide PF5phosphorus pentafluoride P4O10 tetraphosphorus decaoxide Sncl4 tin(IV) chloride6.There are 20 standard amino acids , and they contain a carboxyl group ,an amino group ,and a side chain . 有20个标准氨基酸,和含有羧基、一个氨基和侧链。
专业英语-物理化学
物化词汇部分：Chemical thermodynamics 化学热力学Chemical kinetics 化学动力学物理化学的分支：quantum chemistry 量子化学；structure chemistry 结构化学；catalysis 催化；electrochemistry 电化学；colloid chemistry 胶体化学。
热力学体系：closed system 封闭体系：a system that does not allow transfer of substance but energy isolated system 孤立体系：a system that does not allow transfer of substance and energyopen system 开放体系：a system that allow transfer of substance and energyInternal energy 内能：motions 分子运动；interaction 相互作用；bonding of its constituent molecules 分子成键（ionic bond离子键, covalent bond共价键, coordinationbond配位键, hydrogen bond氢键, metallic bond.金属键）external energy 外能：（velocity速度；location of its center of mass位置）= kinetic 动力+potential energy 势能Thermal energy (internal energy + heat)Mechanical energy (external energy + mechanical /electrical work)Heat: energy transfer as a results of only temperature differenceWork:energy transfer by any mechanism that involves mechanical motion across thesystem boundaries.Microscopic properties:molecule kinetic energy 分子动能(translational energy跃迁能, rotational energy转动能, vibrational energy振动能) Intermolecular forces 分子间力(electrostatic forces静电力, induction forces感应能, forces of attraction (or dispersion forces)分散能and repulsion排斥能, specific (chemical) forces like hydrogen bonds)Intermolecular potentials 分子势(Lennard-Jones potential)Macroscopic properties:pressure, volume, temperatureextensive variables广度性质(volume, mass)intensive variables 强度性质(T, P, molar volume, molar mass)Thermodynamic Equilibriums热力学平衡:thermal equilibrium,热平衡force equilibrium,力平衡phase equilibrium,相平衡chemical equilibrium化学平衡PVT relationscompressibility factor 压缩因子expansion coefficient 体积膨胀系数compressibility coefficient 等温压缩系数热力学定律The first law of thermodynamics*Energyis neithercreatednordestroyed,but may change in formsenthalpy焓heat capacity热容isochoric等容isobaric等压reversible可逆, irreversible 不可逆isothermal等温, adiabatic绝热(diabatic),cyclic循环, free expansion自由膨胀throttling 节流(isenthalpy等焓, Joule-Thomson coefficient)The second law of thermodynamicsClausius statement: It is not possible to construct adevice that operates in a cycle and whose sole effect is to transfer heat from a colder body to a hotter body.The efficiency of the Carnot heat engine is defined to be:η＝(QH-QC)/QH=W/QH=1-TC/THendothermic吸热exothermic放热entropy熵, isentropic process 等熵过程spontaneous system自发系统, entropy balance熵平衡热化学：Heat of reaction反应热, isothermal、isobaric、only volumetric work，the reaction’heat change heat of combustion燃烧热, 25℃，100kPa the heat change of 1 mol pure substance fully combustionheat of formation生成热fixed temperature and pressure，the heat change of 1 mol pure substance produced by the most stable elementGibbs free energy: G=H-TSHelmholtz free energy: F=U-TS相平衡：vapor pressure蒸汽压the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibriumwith its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system.boiling point沸点the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals thepressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor.melting point熔点the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressuresolidifying point凝固点the temperature at which it changes state from liquid to soild at atmospheric pressurePartial molar quantity偏摩尔量A partial molar property is a thermodynamic quantity which indicates how an extensive property of a solution or mixture varies with changes inthe molarcomposition of the mixture at constant temperature and pressure.Chemical potential化学势, is a form of potential energy that can be absorbed or released during a chemical reaction or phase transition.activity活度 activity (symbol a) is a measure of the “effective concentration” of a species in a mixture, in the sense that the species'chemical potential depends on the activity of a real solution in the same way that it would depend on concentration for an ideal solution.fugacity逸度, the fugacity of a real gas is an effective partial pressure which replaces the mechanical partial pressure in an accurate computation of the chemical equilibrium constant.activity coefficient活度系数, fugacity coefficient逸度系数the degree of freedom自由度f=C-Π+2the number of degrees of freedom is the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to varyPhase diagram相图:single-phase/binary/ternary x-y diagram, p-x-y diagram, t-x-y diagramfully /partly miscible solution可混溶的溶液,immiscible solution不可混容的溶液minimum/maximum azeotrope共沸（正偏差，最低共沸点；负偏差，最高共沸点）,dew point露点the temperature at which airborne water vapor will condense to form liquid dew., bubble point泡点, the temperature (at a given pressure) where the first bubble of vapor is formed when heating a liquid consisting of two or more components.eutectic point共熔点 the point at which the liquid phase L borders directly on the solid phase α + β (a homogeneous composed of both A and B), representing the minimum melting temperature of any possible alloy of A and B.multi-component system多组成体系化学平衡：Chemical equilibrium in a single-phase system:free energy of formation 组成自由能equilibrium constant 平衡常数endothermic reaction 放热反应exothermic reaction 吸热反应ionization constant 电离常数dissociation constant 解离常数association constant 结合常数化学动力学chemical reaction kinetics:rate of reaction反应速率, order of reaction反应要求activation energy活化能, activated molecules活化分子activation活化collision碰撞, active centers活性中心activation enthalpy活化焓parallel reaction平行反应：substance reacts or decomposes in more than one wayseries reaction串联反应, two or more reaction in same environmentwithout new operationchain reaction链式反应：A chain reaction is a sequence of reactions where a reactive product or by-product causes additional reactions to take placelight-chemical reaction,reaction mechanism 反应机理adsorption and catalysis (catalyst)其他Surface表面/interface界面colloid chemistrysurface tension表面张力, interfacial tension界面张力,surface excess表面超额, surface film,表面膜surface coverage表面覆盖, adsorption on the surface,表面吸附surfactant/surface active agent表面活性剂，colloid (particles 5~ 5,000 angstroms) Electrochemistry, electrochemical engineering and electrolyte solution theory, electroreactionTypes of reactors反应器类型In terms of the operation modes:Stirred reactors 搅拌反应器BSTR (batch stirred tank reactor)间歇搅拌罐式反应器;CSTR (continuous stirred tank reactor)连续搅拌罐式反应器Pipe reactors管式反应器fixed-bed reactor,固定床fluidized-bed reactor流化床In terms of the phase states:Homogenous reaction reactors均相Heterogeneous reaction reactors- using catalysts 多相In terms of the fluid flow modes:Ideal reactors (ideal flow):Fully mixed flow reactors全混流反应器Plug flow reactors-PFRs活塞流反应器Non-ideal reactors (models are required)The tank-in-series model 串联罐式模型The dispersion model分散模型。
【精品】初中物理化学英语名词汇总
初中化学英语名词explosion[?k'splo??n]爆炸(=burst,联系时政)saturated['s?t??,ret?d]solution[s?'lu??n]饱和溶液unsaturated solution不饱和溶液pure [pjur] substance ['s?bst?ns]纯净物catalyst ['k?t?l?st]催化剂deliquesce[,d?l?'kw?s]潮解ozone ['ozon]臭氧electron[?'l?ktrɑn]电子elementary [,?l?'m?nt?r?] substance 单质nitrogen ['na?tr?d??n]氮气starch [stɑrt?]淀粉protein ['proti?n]蛋白质carbon ['kɑrb?n]dioxide [da?'ɑksa?d]二氧化碳steel 钢preparation [,pr?p?'re??n] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳制法gold 金properties ['prɑp? ta?s] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳性质air 空气use of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳用途molecule ['mɑl?,kjul]分子phenolphthalein['fin?l'θ?lin]酚酞reactant [r?'?kt?nt]反应物non-metal element ['?l?m?nt]非金属元素chemical change 化学变化decomposition [,dikɑmp?'z???n]reaction[r?'?k??n]分解反应alloy ['?l??]合金double decomposition reaction复分解反应valence ['vel?ns]化合价compound['kɑmpaund] fertilizer ['f?tl,a?z?]复合肥料mixture['m?kst??]混合物composite [k?m'pɑz?t] materials[met'ra??ls]复合材料nuclear ['njukl??] change 核电荷chemical property ['prɑp?t?]化学性质chemical formula['f?rmj?l?]化学式compound ['kɑmpaund]化合物chemical equation [?'kwe??n]化学方程式combination [,kɑmb?'ne??n] reaction 化学反应coal 煤slow oxidation[,ɑks?'de??n]缓慢氧化reduction[r?'d?k??n] reaction 还原反应t?k] rubber['r?b?]合成橡胶fossil['fɑs!] fuel['fju?l]化石燃料synthetic[s?n'θ？t?k] fiber['fa?b?]合成纤维chemical fertilizer['f?tl,a?z?] 化学肥料synthetic[s?n'θ？metal element金属元素crystal ['kr?st!]晶体crystallization[,kr?st!?'ze??n]结晶alkali['?lk?,la?]结晶diamond ['da??m?nd]金刚石methane['m?θen]甲烷methanol['m?θ？,nol]甲醇composition of air 空气的组成air pollution 空气污染liquefaction[,l?kw?'f?k??n]of air 空气液化separation[,s?p?'re??n]of air 空气分离mineral['m?n?r?l]矿物（新概念词汇）ion['a??n]离子sulphuric acid ['?s?d]硫酸（acid酸，新概念词汇）extinguisher [?k'st??gw???]灭火器sodium['sod??m]chloride['sod??m]氯酸钠aluminium[,?lj?'m?n??m]铝pesticide ['p?st?,sa?d]农药nano-materials[m?'t?r??ls]纳米农药glucose['glukos]葡萄糖hydrogen ['ha?dr?d??n]氢气properties of hydrogen 氢气的性质hydrochloric acid 氢气酸sodium ['sod??m] hydroxide [ha?'drɑks,a?d]氢氧化钠combustion [k?m'b?st??n]燃烧calcium ['k?ls??m] hydroxide 氢氧化钙dissolved[k?m'b?st??n]溶解solution[s?'lu??n]溶液solvent['sɑlv?nt]溶剂solute[sɑ'ljut]溶质solubility [,sɑlj?'b?l?t?]溶解度solubility curve [k?v]溶解度曲线mass fraction ['fr?k??n] of solute 溶质质量分数emulsion [?'m?l??n]乳浊液pig iron ['a??n]生铁product ['prɑd?kt]生成物acid ['?s?d]酸acidity [?'s?d?t?] and basicity [be's?s?t?]酸碱度water 水composition of water 水的组成water pollution 水的污染graphite['gr?fa?t]石墨acid rain酸雨litmus['l?tm?s]石蕊food additive ['?d?t?v]食品添加剂petroleum[p?'trol??m]石油plastics['pl?st?ks]塑料carbon碳properties of carbon 碳的性质carbohydrate['kɑrb?'ha?dret]碳水化合物iron['a??n]铁sodium carbonate ['kɑrb?,net]碳酸钠nature gas 天然气physical ['f?z?k!] change 物理变化physical property物理性质amorphous [?'m?rf?s] carbon 无定形碳vitamin['va?t?m?n]维生素greenhouse effect [?'f?kt]温室效应copper['kɑp?]洞relative ['r?l?t?v] atomic [?'tɑm?k] mass 相对原子质量rust [r?st]铁锈relative molecular [m?'l?kj?l?] mass 相对分子质量rare[r?r] gas 稀有气体nitric ['na?tr?k] acid 硝酸atom ['?t?m]原子atomic [?'tɑm?k]structure ['str?kt??]原子结构atomic nucleus ['njukl??s]原子核anion ['?n,a??n]阳离子cation ['k?ta??n]阴离子element 元素symbols['s?mb!s] for elements元素符号periodic [,p?r?'ɑd?k] table of the elements 元素周期表salt [s?lt]盐atomic group [grup]原子团oxidation [,ɑks?'de??n] reaction[r?'?k??n]氧化反应oxide [r?'?k??n]氧化物oxygen['ɑks?d??n]氧气preparation of oxygen 氧气的制法properties of oxygen 氧气的性质use of oxygen 氧气的性质drinking water 饮用水hard water 硬水carbon monoxide[mɑn'ɑksa?d]一氧化碳properties of carbon monoxide 一氧化碳的性质drug 药品organic [?r'g?n?k] compound ['kɑmpaund]有机物acetic [?'sit?k] acia乙酸ethanol ['?θ？,nol]乙醇nutrient ['njutr??nt]营养品oil 油proton['protɑn]质子neutron['njutrɑn]中子displacement reaction [r?'?k??n]置换反应law of conservation [,kɑns?'ve??n] of mass 质量守恒定律fat脂肪neutralization [,nutr?l?'ze??n] reaction 中和反应sucrose ['sjukros]蔗糖autoignition 自燃indicator ['?nd?,ket?]指示剂alkali['?lk?,la?]碱reactive[r?'?kt?v]活泼react[r?'?kt]反应filter['f?lt?]过滤filtrate['f?ltret]滤液test [t?st] tube[tjub]试管spirit lamp酒精灯chemical apparatus[,?p?'ret?s]化学仪器dropper['drɑp?]滴管asbestos [?s'b?st?s] network['n?t,w?k]石棉网Set cylinder['s?l?nd?]集气瓶Glass rod[rɑd]玻璃棒Condenser冷凝管jar [d?ɑr]广口瓶Flask锥形瓶Rubber plug[pl?g]橡皮塞Medicine spoon药匙Filter paper滤纸Forceps镊子Crucible tongs[t??z]坩埚钳beaker['bik?]烧杯Graduated cylinder['s?l?nd?]量筒Particle['pɑrt?k!]微粒light点燃Electrolysis电解Heating加热Molecule[m?'l?kj ul]分子Sink水槽m?,gr?f]温度计Boiled煮沸Thermometer['θ？liquefaction[,l?kw?'f?k??n]液化vaporize['vep?,ra?z]汽化solidify[s?'l?d?,fa?]凝固condensation [,kɑnd?n'se??n]凝华sublime[s?'bla?m]升华melt[m?lt]熔化evaporate[?'v?p?,ret]蒸发alum ['?l?m]明矾Conductive[k?n'd?kt?v]导电Solid固态Battery['b?t?r?]干电池Diamond钻石Alcohol['?lk?,h?l]酒精dry ice干冰Vapor ['vep?]汽态Liquid ['l?kw?d] state[stet]液态rust[r?st]铁锈Liquid ['l?kw?d]液体Reduction[r?'d?k??n] reaction还原反应Dissolve[d?'zɑlv]溶解Peroxide[p?'rɑksa?d]过氧化氢acetic [?'sit?k] acid醋酸Potassium [p?'t?s??m] permanganate[p?'m??g?,net]高锰酸钾Biological [,bai?'l?d?ik?l] Trace Element生物微量元素Caustic ['k?st?k]soda烧碱（soda苏打）- Soda ash[??]纯碱Hydrated ['ha?dret?d] lime[la?m]熟石灰Quicklime ['kw?k,la?m]生石灰Limestone石灰石Activated ['?kt?,vet?d] Carbon活性炭Soda苏打Baking soda小苏打dilute [da?'lut]稀释carbonic [kɑr'bɑn?k] acid碳酸nitric ['na?tr?k] acid硝酸sulfuric [s?l'fjur?k] acid硫酸hydrogen ['ha?dr?d??n]氢nitrogen ['na?tr?d??n]氮sodium ['sod??m]钠magnesium ['m?g'ni???m]镁aluminum [?'lum?n?m]铝phosphorous ['fɑsf?r?s]磷sulfur ['s?lf?]硫chlorine ['klorin]氯potassium [p?'t?s??m]钾calcium ['k?ls??m]钙titanium [ta?'ten??m]钛iron ['a??n]铁copper ['kɑp?]铜zinc [z??k]锌silver ['s?lv?]银iodine ['a??,da?n]碘初中物理英语名词mechanical motion['mo??n]机械运动motion运动reference['r?f?r?ns] object 参照物rest静止velocity[v?'lɑs?t?]速度sound 声音uniform rectilinear[,r?kt?'l?n??] motion 匀速直线运动variable['v?r??b!]rectilinear motion 变速直线运动musical sound 乐音noise 噪音pitch[p?t?]音调（frequently频繁的）frequency['frikw?ns?]频率loudness 响度musical quality['kwɑl?t?]音色ultrasound：['?ltr?,saund]超声infrasonic sound[,?nfr?'sɑn?k]次声light 光reflection[r?'fl?k??n]of light 光的反射mirror reflection 镜面反射diffuse[d?'fjuz] reflection 漫反射refraction [r?'fr?k??n] of light 光的折射conves ['kɑnv?ks]lens [l?nz] 凸透镜concave ['kɑnkev] lens凹透镜convergent[k?n'v?d??nt] lens 汇聚透镜(凸透镜) divergent [da?'v?d??nt] lens 发散透镜（凹透镜）force[fors]力elastic [?'l?st?k] force 弹力gravity['gr?v?t?]重力weight [wet]物重（重力）center of gravity重心sliding['sla?d??] frictional['fr?k??n?l] force滑动摩擦力Newton’s first law 牛顿第一定律inertia[?n'???]惯性mass[m?s] 质量density['d?ns?t?]密度buoyancy['b???ns?] force浮力pressure ['pr???]压力（相同，注意理解）pressure压强atmospheric [,?tm?s'f?r?k] pressure 气压standard atmospheric pressure 标准大气压lever['l?v?]杠杆fixed pulley['pul?]定滑轮movable ['muv?b!]pulley动滑轮mechanicl work 机械功power功率mechanicl efficiency[?'f???ns?]机械效率kinetic energy：[k?'n?t?k]动能energy 能量potential energy[p?'t?n??l]势能mechanicl energy 机械能crystal['kr?st!]晶体noncrystal非晶体melt ing['m?lt??]熔化melting point [p??nt] 熔点vaporization [,vep?r?'ze??n]汽化boiling ['b??l??]沸腾vaporation蒸发sublimation[,s?bl?'me??n]升华solidification[s?,l?d?f?'ke??n]凝固solidifying：[s?'l?d?,fa?] point 凝固点liquefaction[,l?kw?'f?k??n] 液化condensation [,kɑnd?n'se??n]凝华internal [?n't?n!] energy 内能heat quantity：['kwɑnt?t?]热量specific[sp?'s?f?k] heat capacity [k?'p?s?t?]比热容heat engine ['?nd??n]热机internal-combustion[k?m'b?st??n] engine 内燃机electric [?'l?ktr?k] charge [t?ɑrd?]电荷positive ['pɑz?t?v]charge 正电荷negative ['n?g?t?v] charge 负电荷series['siriz] connection [k?'n?k??n]串联parallel['p?r?,l?l]connection并联electric current ['k??nt] 电流ampere [?m'p?r]安培voltage ['volt?d?]电压volt福特ohm‘s law 欧姆定律electric power 电功率rated ['ret?d] voltage 额定电压rated current 额定电流rated power 额定功率electromagnetic [?'l?ktrom?g'n?t?k] induction [?n'd?k??n]电磁感应现象induced electric current感应电流lightguide[la?tga?d] fiber ['fa?b?]光导纤维elasticity[?,l?s't?s?t?]弹性hardness硬度ducility延展性chemical energy 化学能nuclear ['njukl??] energy 核能law of conservation[,kɑns?'ve??n] of energy 能量守恒定律renewable [r?'nju?b!]energy source [sors]可再生能源（注意“核-nuclear”-联系时政）nonrenewable energy source 不可再生能源nuclear fission ['f???n]核裂变m!] energy地热能nuclear fusion['fju??n] 核聚变geothermal [,d?io'θ？tidal ['ta?d!]energy 潮汐能wind energy 风能angle['??g!]of emergence [?'m?d??ns]出射角light beam[bim]光束/光柱angle of incidence ['?ns?dns]入射角light ray 光线angle of reflection [r?'fl?k??n]反射角light source[sors]光源angle of refraction[r?'fr?k??n]折射角mains frequency ['frikw?ns?]市电频率apparent [?'p?r?nt] depth [d?pθ］视深medium['mid??m]介质binoculars[b?'nɑkj?l?s]双筒望远（新概念词汇）boiler['b??l?]锅炉microwave ['ma?kro,wev]微波mirage[m?'rɑ?]海市蜃楼，蜃景Celsius temperature scale[skel]摄氏温标mirror 镜change of state 物态变化multiple ['m?lt?p!]image['?m?d?]复像multiple reflection 多次反射condensation [,kɑnd?n'se??n]凝结，凝聚mutually ['mjut?u?l?] perpendicular[,p?p?n'd?kj?l?]互相垂直的colour 颜色condensation[,kɑnd?n'se??n] point 凝点，凝结点normal 法线coolant['kul?nt]冷却剂object 物，物体cooling curve[k?v]冷却曲object distance 物距critical ['kr?t?k!]angle 临界optical ['ɑpt?k!]fibre ['fa?b?]光导纤维，光纤degree [d?'gri]度optical ['ɑpt?k!] illusion [?'lju??n]光幻象，视错觉degree Celsius（ce ntigrade）摄氏度optically ['ɑpt?kl?]dense medium['mid??m]光密介质deviation[,div?'e??n]偏向，偏差optically less dense[d?ns] medium 光疏介质物理学physics 误差error 游码rider测量measure (vt.) 实验experiment 温度计temperature长度length 实验室laboratory 摄氏度degree centigrade单位unit 面积area 温度计thermometer千米kilometer 平方米square meter 体温计clinical thermometer米meter 体积volume 时间time分米decimeter 立方米cubic meter 小时hour厘米centimeter 升Liter 分钟minute毫米millimeter 毫升Milliliter 秒second微米micron 质量mass 毫秒millisecond纳米nanometer 吨ton 停表stop watch测量工具measuring tool 千克kilogram 力force刻度尺meter ruler 克gram 牛顿Newton最小刻度division value 毫克milligram 测力计dynamometer零刻度线zero graduation line 天平balance 弹簧秤spring balance 测量范围measuring range 砝码weightsⅡ、运动（simple motion）相对运动relative motion 方向direction 路程path静止rest 直线运动rectilinear motion 速度velocity参照物reference 曲线运动curvilinear motion变速直线运动variable rectilinear motion位置position 匀速直线运动uniform rectilinear motion平均速度average velocityⅢ、热（heat）分子molecules 熔化melting 液化liquefaction分子运动molecular motion 熔点melting point 升华sublimation扩散diffusion 凝固solidification 凝华condensation排斥力repulsive force 凝固点solidifying point 冰箱refrigerator吸引力attractive force 晶体crystal 热传递heat transfer物质substance 非晶体noncrystal 热传导heat conduction物体object 吸收absorb(v.) 热对流heat convection状态state 放出release(v.) 热辐射heat radiation固体solid 汽化vaporization 热量heat液体liquid 蒸发evaporation 比热（容）specific heat （capacity）气体gas 沸腾boiling物态变化state transformation 沸点boiling pointⅠⅠ、光（light）光源light source 入射角incident angle 焦距focal length光的直线传播rectilinear propagationof light反射角reflection angle 会聚converge(v.)小孔成像image byping hole 镜面反射mirror reflection发散diverge(v.)日食solar eclipse 漫反射diffuse reflection 光屏（屏幕）screen 月食lunar eclipse 平面镜plane mirror 照相机camera光速velocity of light 潜望镜periscope 幻灯机slide projector真空vacuum 蜡烛candle 电影放映机film projector空气air 光的折射refractionof light 放大镜magnifier玻璃glass 折射光线refracted ray 倒立的inverted水water 折射角refraction angle 正立的erected均匀介质well-distributed medium 透镜lens 缩小的reduced光的反射reflectionof light 凸透镜convex lens 放大的amplified反射定律reflection law 凹透镜concave lens 实像real image入射光线incident ray （主）光轴principal optical axis虚像virtual image反射光线reflected ray 光心optical centerof lens 海市蜃楼mirage法线normal 焦点focus 光的色散dispersion of lightⅤ、磁（magnetism）磁体magnet 小磁针magneticneedle 磁场magnetic field天然磁体natural magnet 磁极magnetic pole地磁场geomagnetic field人造磁体man-made magnet 南极north pole电流的磁场magnetic field of electric current条形磁铁bar magnet 北极South pole 磁感线magnetic induction line 蹄形磁铁horseshoe magnet 磁化magnetization 电磁铁electromagnet三、声音（sound）振动vibrate 声波wave of sound 振幅amplitude介质medium 音调pitch 噪音noise传播travel 响度loudness 乐音voice声速velocity of sound 音色musical quality 分贝decibel（dB）回声echo 频率frequency四、力（force）重力gravity 惯性inertia 动力motive force重心center of gravity 平衡equilibrium 阻力resistance摩擦力friction force 压强pressure 动力臂power arm滑动摩擦sliding friction 帕斯卡Pascal(Pa) 阻力臂resisting arm 滚动摩擦rolling friction 液体压强hydraulicpressure作用线action-line静摩擦static friction 大气压强atmosphericof pressure 滑轮pulley 压力pressure force 标准大气压standardatmospherepressure定滑轮fixed pulley浮力buoyancy force 气压计barometer 动滑轮movable pulley力的图示force diagram 托里拆利Torricelli 滑轮组pulley block 力的大小magnitude of force 阿基米德原理Archimedes principle 功work力的方向direction of force 密度density 功率power力的作用点acting point of force 潜水艇submarine机械效率mechanical efficiency合力resultant force 热气球fire balloon 有用功useful work分力component force 飞艇airship 额外功extra wok力的合成composition of forces 简单机械simple mechanics总功total work形变deformation 杠杆lever 斜面inclined plane牛顿第一定律Newton’s First Law 支点pivot五、电（electricity）电荷electric charge 正极positive plate 电压voltage带电体charged body 负极negative plate 伏特Volt摩擦起电electrificationby friction 电路electric circuit伏特计voltmeter正电荷positive charge 通路closed circuit 电阻resistance负电荷negative charge 开路open circuit 欧姆Ohm导体conductor 短路short circuit 变阻器rheostat绝缘体insulator 电路图circuit map 滑动变阻器slide wire rheostat 半导体semiconductor 串联series connection 欧姆定律Ohm’s law 电源power source 并联parallel connection 电功electric work导线wire 电量electric quantity 电功率electric power电键key(switch) 电流electric current 额定电压rated voltage干电池dry cell 安培Ampere 额定电功率rated power蓄电池storage plate 安培计ammeter。
物理学英语词汇[整理版]
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物理学英语词汇[整理版]一、基础物理学词汇1. 物理量（Physical quantity）：描述物体性质和状态的量，如长度、质量、时间等。
2. 力（Force）：作用于物体，使物体发生形变或改变运动状态的量。
3. 质量（Mass）：物体所含物质的多少，是物体惯性大小的量度。
4. 重力（Gravity）：地球对物体的吸引力，使物体受到向地心的作用力。
5. 速度（Velocity）：物体在单位时间内移动的距离，具有大小和方向。
6. 加速度（Acceleration）：物体速度变化的快慢，单位时间内速度的变化量。
7. 动能（Kinetic energy）：物体由于运动而具有的能量。
8. 势能（Potential energy）：物体由于位置关系而具有的能量。
9. 功（Work）：力在物体上产生位移时所做的功。
10. 功率（Power）：单位时间内完成的功，表示做功的快慢。
二、热学词汇1. 温度（Temperature）：表示物体冷热程度的物理量。
2. 热量（Heat）：物体间因温度差异而传递的能量。
3. 热传导（Thermal conduction）：热量在物体内部从高温部分向低温部分传递的过程。
4. 热膨胀（Thermal expansion）：物体受热时体积增大的现象。
5. 热容量（Heat capacity）：物体吸收或释放热量时，温度变化的能力。
6. 热力学（Thermodynamics）：研究热现象及其规律的物理学分支。
三、电磁学词汇1. 电荷（Electric charge）：物体带有的电性质，分为正电荷和负电荷。
2. 电流（Electric current）：电荷在单位时间内通过导体截面的量。
3. 电压（Voltage）：电场力在单位电荷上所做的功，表示电势差。
4. 电阻（Resistance）：导体对电流阻碍作用的大小。
5. 电容（Capacitance）：电容器存储电荷的能力。
6. 电感（Inductance）：线圈产生磁场的能力。
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Physical Chemistry
equation of state 状态方程
idea /perfect gas 理想气体
kinetic theory of gases 气体分子动理论
model fitting模型拟合
root mean square rate 根均方速率
zeroth law of thermodynamics 热力学第零定律
translational energy 平动能
phase diagram 相图
isotherm等温线
isobar 等压线
distribution function 分布函数
most probable rate 最概然速率
mathematical average rate 数学平均速率
fluctuation 涨落现象
free path 自由程
mean free path 平均自由程
reduced mass 折合质量
effusion 隙流
law of effusion 隙流定律
compressibility factor（Z）压缩因子
Boyle temperature Boyle温度
Internal pressure 内压力
Virial coefficient 维利系数
Critical temperature 临界温度
Critical point临界点
Wilson cloud chamber 威尔逊云雾室
reduced pressure、volume、temperature对比压力，体积，温度corresponding state 对比状态
law of corresponding state对比状态定律
compressibility factor chart压缩因子图
potential energy 位能
chemical thermodynamics化学热力学
classicial thermodynamics 经典热力学
phenomenological themodynamics 唯象热力学
isolated system 隔离系统
closed system 封闭系统
open system 敞开系统
thermodynamic variable 热力学变量
extensive property 广度性质capacity property容量性质intensive property 强度性质
thermodynamic equilibrium state 热力学平衡态thermal equilibrium 热动平衡
mechanical equilibrium 力学平衡
phase equilibrium 相平衡
chemical equilibrium 化学平衡
state function 状态函数
process and path 过程与途径
isochore等容线
homogeneous system 多组分均相系统heterogeneous system 复相系统
isothermal process等温过程
isobaric process 等压过程
isochoric process 等容过程
adiabatic process绝热过程﹪﹪
cyclic process环状过程
thermodynamic energy 热力学能
internal energy 内能
first law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律
first kind of perpetual motion machine 第一类永动机free expansion 自由膨胀
quasistatic process 准静态过程
reversible process可逆过程
irreversible process 不可逆过程
reversible cyclic process可逆循环过程
enthalpy 焓
heat capacity 热容
adiabatic process equation 绝热过程方程
heat capacity ratio 热容比
polytropic process 多方过程
efficiency of the heat engine 热机效率transformation coefficient 转换系数
coefficient of refrigeration 冷冻系数
heat pump热泵
throttling process节流过程
differential throttling effect 微分节流效应
inversion temperature转化温度
isenthalpic curve 等焓线
inversion curve 转化曲线
thermochemistry 热化学
chemical affinity 化学亲和力
extent of reaction 反应进度
molar enthalpy of reaction反应的摩尔焓变
stand state 标准态
elementary substance 单质
standard molar enthalpy of formation标准摩尔生成焓standard molar enthalpy of combustion 标准摩尔燃烧焓second law of thermodynamics 热力学第二定律
second kind of perpetual motion machine 第二类永动机heat reservoir 恒温热储器
spring 弹簧
entropy 熵。