托福听力 语音识别填空练习(答案)

Speech 1

The _1____Greek word___________for “man” is “anthropos” and the word

_2______anthropology___________has been in the English language_3_for centuries_______. But

just what does the word mean? Literally anthropology means

“__4_the study of man_______” However, as British_ 5_philosopher_______Alfred

North Whitehead_6__noted__________, “It is a well founded historical

generalization that _7_the last thing to be discovered___in any science is what

science is really about” And as Paul Bohannan, _8_renowned anthropologist____________, pointed

out a number of years ago, “Each science that deal s with people has its own

_9__definitions_____of human. An_10__economist__________, “he explains,” defines a

human as a_11 _choice-making_____________animal. Philosophers _12_define__________man

as a _13__rationalizing_________animal…” Anthropology___14 ___attempts______to be

all-inclusive-the study of human _15__behavior_________in all places and throughout

time. It_16_specializes________in the _17_describtion______of_18____humanistic, scientific, biological, historical, psychological, and social views of humans._____________________.

Now, to _19_paraphrase_________Barbara Miller’s statement in her textbook, cultural

anthropology , the popular impression of anthropology is _20_based mainly___on

movies and television shows that _21__anticipated_______anthropologists as

adventurers and heroes. Some do have adventures and discover treasures in

Egyptian _22__tombs____________and elsewhere, but_23_mostly________, their work is

less _24_glamourous_______and involves _25__repetitive___and _26_tedious___activities.

Until around the middle of the nineteenth century, anthropology was a term

used for all humanists._27__My lecture today explains the fields and branches of anthropology_____. We’re going to_28_begin by____stating that anthropology is the study of

human behavior in all places and at all times.

Western_29 __civilizations_ takes credit for the development of anthropology,

which, _30____as a matter of fact___, was a relatively late science. Earlier Greek and

Roman philosophers were more interested in _31__speculating____about the ideal

society _32___rather than_____describing those known to them.

After the__33 _onset____of the Age of Exploration, which included the

discovery of the Americas, as well as travel to other distant places, the study of

non-western people began in earnest. In modern day, anthropology is a

recognized _34__social science____with two__35 __broad fields__and

several_36__branches or sub-fields____.

The two broad fields are _37_physical_________anthropology and

_38__cultural_anthropology. Let me give you a _39___brief description__of

each. Physical anthropology is concerned with the development of man as

a_40__mammal__. Related subjects are_41__anatomy___, biology, and

paleontology. Physical anthropologists study the _42_evolution__of the

human_43__species__. One way they do this is by the comparative