新外研版英语初二下册知识点及短语集

新外研版英语初二下册知识点及短语集Module 1系动词:一是(be,am ,is ,are ,been ,was ,were ,being ),一觉得(feel),一好像(seem),一保持(keep) ,三变化(turn,become, get ),四起来(smell, sound ,look ,taste),后跟形容词.1.would like =want , would like to do sth=want to do sth . 想要做某事would like sb. to do sth .=want sb. to do sth 想要某人做某事would you like ...? 其后用some 不用any . 句子:Would you like to do sth .肯定回答:Yes ,please ./sure ,thanks ./Yes ,I’d like to./Yes ,I’d love to否定回答:No, thanks ./Sorry ,I’m afraid I can’t .2.try to do sth .尽力做某事;试图做某事;设法做某事,但不一定成功.否定式:try not to do sth.try doing sth .试着做某事,看看会发生什么情况. have a try 试一试3.a bit 与a little 1)两者修饰动词,形容词,副词或比较级,2)a little 可以直接修饰不可数名词,相当于a bit of4.have a try 试试看, have a look 看一看have a headache头疼have a rest 休息have a meeting 开会have a good time 玩得愉快have a fever发烧5.lots of =a lot of 很多,大量,常用于肯定句中.既可修饰可数相当于many , 又可修饰不可数,相当于much . a lot 相当于very much ,多与动词连用,修饰形容词,副词的比较级.6.提出建议:1)Let’s do sth.让我们做…吧. 2)How about /what about doing sth ?做..怎么样3)Why not do sth ?为什么不…? 4)Would you like to do …?你愿意做….吗?5)Shall we do …?我们做…好吗? 6)You’d better(not) do ..你最好(不)做某事.7.Thanks for sth. =Thank you for sth. 因…而感谢.后V+ing . Thanks to 幸亏,由于,归功于.8.leave a message留个口信, take/have a message for sb.给某人带个口信.9.hear from sb.=get /receive a letter from sb . 收到…的来信hear about /of 得悉,听说Hear out 听完hear to 同意10.can’t wait to do sth .迫不及待做某事wait for 等候…,后接等待的对象,名词或代词wait to do sth .等着做某事11.三到达:arrive at (小地方),arrive in (大地方),get to =reach 注意:跟home ,here ,there 等副词时,不加介词.12.quite相当,很,相当于very,区别, quite a ../ quite an ..而very 只能放在a /an 后13.with 有,带有; 和…一起; 使用等.反义词without14.穿:dress ,后跟人,dress oneself, dress sb . put on 穿上,强调动作,wear ,穿着,强调状态.15.be sure 确信,相信be sure of /about sth .相信/对某事有把握16.四个花费:take:It takes sb. some time to do sth. /It took sb .some time to do sth .Spend :Sb. spend some time on sth ./ Sb spend some time (in) doing sth/ Sb.spend money on sth . Pay:Sb. pay some money for sth. cost :sth cost sb .some money .17.四个也:as well 肯定,句末,不用逗号too,肯定,句末,逗号可有可无.either:否定句末, also ,肯定句中,行前be 后.18.proud .adj. be proud of 为…而感到骄傲be proud to do sth .做某事很自豪.pride. n. take pride in ….为…感到自豪; the pride of ….的骄傲.19.How do you feel about …?对…感觉如何?与How do you like …?20.at first 起初,开始,常位于句首或句末,反义词.at last 最后,终于first of all ,首先,用作插入语,说明顺序,后接next ,then , at first ,指刚开始做某事的时候,暗示后来的情况有所改变.21.few /a few修饰可数名词,little /a little 修饰不可数名词,有a 表示有,没有a 表示没有.22.way 的短语:in this way 用这种方式, in the right way用正确的方法, the way of 做..的方式in the way 阻碍,妨碍; on the way to …在去…的路上by the way 顺便说一下.23.be afraid of 害怕,后接名词,代词或动名词be afraid to do sth .害怕做某事24.each other 互相25.be nervous about 对…感到紧张26.问外貌:What+do/does /did +主语+look like ? 问性格:What +be +主语+like ?27.be friendly to sb. 对某人友好- 28.be good at =do well in 擅长,后跟doing sth .或名词。

29.shake hands with sb.与某人握手30.be good for 对…有好处,反义:be bad for .对..有害31.help sb. With sth .在某方面帮助某人, help sb do sth .帮助某人做某事32.make a lot of noise =make much noise发出很多噪音Module 2现在完成时：表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作，对现在造成的影响和结果，或持续到现在的动作。

常用词语already,yet ,ever ,never,just ,before, for + some time ,since，1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或结果，常与recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still连用；2.表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。

结构：have(has)+过去分词，动词的过去式及过去分词在末尾加ed 规则是:1.直接加ed ;2.以e 结尾的,加e ;3.以辅音字母加y 结尾的,变y 为i ,再加ed ;4.重读,末尾辅元辅,双写这个辅音字母,再加ed ; 5,不规则的1.enter参加,加入;进入,相当于join 或go into 2 .maybe=perhaps大概,也许.放句首.3.win ,后接war ,match ,game; beat 打败,击败,后跟人. 打败某人,赢得比赛4.ever 用于疑问句时,其答语如果表示否定,用never 回答.5.before 以前. 从过去起的若干时间以前, 距过去某时…以前,常和完成时连用ago ,从现在起的若干时间以前跟今…以前,常用于过去时态中6.go on a holiday .去度假,强调动作. be on a holiday 也表示去度假,强调状态.7.afford 买得起,付得起,常与can ,could ,be able to 连用.8.stop doing sth.停止做某事(正在做的事不做了.)不做.stop to do sth .停下来(正在做的事)去做某事(另一件事)要做9.what a pity /That’s a pity .多遗憾啊.10.think of 想起,起出,认为think about 思考,考虑两者区别:1)当表示”想起,想出”时,两者可以互换2)当think of 表示”认为”时, 不能用think about 3)当think aobut 表示”思考,研究”时,不能用think of .11.need to do sth .需要做某事12.make up创造,编造,组成13.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事invite sb. to someplace邀请某人去某地.14.at the moment 此刻,现在,常与一般现在时或现在进行时连用.at that moment 在那时,常与一般过去时连用.15.one of +形容词最高级+名词复数,最…的之一,动词用三单形式.16.send sth .to do sth =send sb. sth 把某物寄给某人.17.send in提出,交上,寄去send for 派人去请send out 发出,长出send away撵走,开除send up 使上涨,发射,发出send off寄出,派遣,为…送行18.have been to some place 去过某地(已回) ,后接once ,twice ,three ,times等表次数的词(短语)也可与just ,never ,ever ,连用,但不能与时间连用have gone to 到某地去了,(去了未回).have been in 已经在某地待了多长时间,常与一段时间连用.19.on ,in at 时间表达的用法:on 用于具休的某一天,及对早中晚进行了修饰后也用on ; in 用于年月季节,一段时间,以及单独的早中晚,如:in the morning ,in the afternoon ,in the evening ,at用于具体的时刻,几点,及一些固定搭配.20.ancient ,古老的,古代的, 反义词:modern ,现在的,当代的21.be different from ,与…不同, 其反义:the same as .与…一样.22. find it +形容词to do sth.发现做某事是…的.it 形式主语23.mix up 混淆,拌和,调和mix with 和..混合mix together混合在一起24.ask sb. to do sth .要求某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth .要求某人不做某事25.ask sb. about sth .询问某人关于某事ask sb. for sth .向某人要某物ask for help 寻求帮助26.count down 倒数,倒计时27.sth happened to sb .某人发生了某事. sb. happen to do sth .碰巧做某事28.all over the world 遍及世界29.around the world 整个世界30.the rest of one’s life 某人的余生. 31.good luck好运32.make up 创造，编造33.at the moment 目前，现在34.so far到目前为止，与现在完成连时35.have a wonderful time=have a good time ,=enjoy oneself =have fun玩得高兴36.what’s more而且37.from …to 从……到38.the lack of 缺乏……39.around the world =all over the world 全世界40.交通方式的表达:1)take the +表示交通工具的名词,放句中,充当谓语.2)by +表示交通工具的名词,by sea /by water/by ship水路by air /by plane 乘飞机3)on /in +限定词+交通工具.,on the bike ,in the car.4)动词+to +地点动词:walk ,ride ,drive ,fly后接to 接地点.Module 3.1.no problem 没问题2.the lastest news 最新的消息3.in order to 为了4.search for 寻找，搜索5.hunderds of 成百的6. a small part of 一小部分7.none ,既可指人，又可指物,用于三者或三者以上，常用于回答以how many /how much ,none of 没有一个，no one 只能指人.不用与of 连用.用于回答who 开头的问句.7. 8.take a photo of =take photos of =take pictures of =take a pictures9.so,与such的用法:1)当修饰可数名词单数时,用”such+a/an+adj.+n.”或”so +adj.+a/an+n.”2)当修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词时,用such+adj.+n.当这些可数名词或不可数名词前有many ,much ,few ,little(表示少)修饰时,则用so .如:so many people ,so much money10.in space 在太空中, in the sky 在天空中.e back 回来12.look for 寻找13.as ..as 像..一样14.decide to do sth .决定做某事15.be named after以.. 名字命名16.take after与…相像.17.be up to 正在做某事,忙于做某事What are you up to ?=What are you doing ?18.be up to sb. 由..决定,由…负责19.yat 副词,还,尚,用于否定和疑问句句末;already ,已经,常用于肯定句中或句末.20.That’s why,这就是..的原因,后接结果.That’s because ,后接原因21.on the news 在新闻上22.on a newpaper 表示(某物)在报纸上23.in a newpaper在报纸里(的内容).24.discover指发现原来已有但不为人知的事物;invent ,发明,即创造出前所未有的东西find out 查出真相,原理等,也可用于查看地时刻表等;find ,找到,发现,指寻找的结果look for 寻找,侧重指寻找的动作和过程.25.the noon 月亮,the +世界上独一无二的事物名词. 26,in order to 为了,表示目的, 27.message ,口头传递的或书写的消息,可数名词, news ,通过新闻媒体发布的消息,不可数, information,指在阅读,谈话中特别关注的消息,情报,资料等,不可数.28.hundred,thousand,million,billion只有和of 一起时,才加s,跟了数字,不加s.30.none代词,没有一个,没有一人,一点儿也没有.通常用于三者或三者以上,既可指人也可指物,可与of 连用,可回答how many ; no one 只能指人,不能与of 连用.,可回答who .31.三到达:get to =arrive in (大地方)/at (小地方)=reach 跟地点副词时不用介词,不用reach32.take a photo of sb. 给某人照相,而且是给他本人照相;take a photo for 为某人照相,不一定有他本人. 33.enough 修饰名词放在前,修饰形容词和副词放在后.34.alone作表语,独自一方,个体单独lonely作表语或定语,心里孤单,寂寞.municate with sb. 和某人交流36.on earth世界上,相当于in the world37.on the earth 在地球上38.Module 4since 和for的用法, for 后跟一段时间, since 后跟过去的时刻或过去时的句子,用since 和for 表示现在完成时,动词只能用延续性动词,不能用终止性动词.Come-be there, arrive in(at)/reach/get to /come to –be in/be at , go out –be out ,leave –be away(from) begin—be on stop –be over buy –have borrow—keep open—be open close—be closed join---be a member of die---be deadcatch a cold –have a cold get to know –know become a tacher—be a teacherfall asleep—be asleep , get married /marry –be married ,fall ill –be ill. go to bed –be in bed return—be back receive—have go to sleep –sleep1.sick 可作表语,也可作定语,修饰名词. ill 只作表语2.get a stomachache胃痛toothache (牙疼) headache(头疼) backache(背痛) 用get/have a3 catch a cold感冒(终止性动词) have a cold 感冒(延续性动词)4.take sb’s temperature量某人的体温5.do exercise锻炼6.be harmful to 对..有害相当于do harm to 反义短语,do good to ,对…有好处7.first …second …next ,,,,finally 首先,…其次…然后,,,最后.8.take the medicine吃药9.three times a day一天三次,一次,once ,两次twice10.how often对频率提问decide to do sht .决定做某事11.by 使用某种方式,方法或交通工具,后接名词,代词,或动名词With 使用某种工具或身体某个部位,后接名词或代词In使用语言,语调,笔墨或颜色,后接名词或代词.12.take a walk散步, take a long walk走很长一段路take a +名词=have a +名词take a seat 就座take/have a look看一看take /have a swim游泳take /have a rest 休息一下take /have a cup of tea喝杯茶. 13. take part in 参加会议或群众性活动等, 可以与join in 互换Join加入某人团体或,成为其成员之一.14.in the last few years 在过去的一段时间里,相当于in the past +一段时间15.go for +名词,去进行某项活动go for a run去跑步go for a picnic 去野餐go for a ride 去骑马,去乘车go for a drive 去兜风go for a trip去旅行.16.表示建议的句型:Why don’t you=why not ?What about ./how about ..怎么样Would you like …你想…吗?Let’s …让我们…吧!17.in hospital 住院,强调事情,说明生病了18.in /at the /a hospital在医院里,强调地点19.take care of =look after 照顾,照看. take care =look out =be careful小心.20.go +doing 表示去做某事。