虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用
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虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用
虚拟语气在状语从句中,除了可以表示条件外,还可以表示比较、结果、目的等。虚拟语气用于表示条件的状语从句中,一般称为虚拟条件句。根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句中谓语动词时态的变化可能有三种形式,即现在、过去和将来。
一,用于由as if/though 引导的方式状语从句
用过去时或were表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况的假设;用过去完成时表示对过去事实的假设。
例:
1.He looks as if he were very happy.
他看上去仿佛挺高兴。
2.He laughs as if he had known the thing yesterday.
他笑起来好像他昨天已经知道这件事。
3. He talks as if he had been abroad.
他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
4.It seems as if it were winter already.
现在仿佛已经是冬天了。
经典考点
1.That tree looked as if it for a long time.
A) hasn't watered B) didn't water
C) hadn't been watered D) wasn't watered
答案:C。本题句意是:这棵树看起来像是很长时间没浇水了。as if引导一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的句子。主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,所以as if后虚拟语气的谓语动词要用过去完成时,故C项正确。又如:The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter.那对老年夫妇很喜爱那个孤儿,视她为亲生女儿。
注:从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实,也可用陈述语气: It looks as if we’ll be late.
我们似乎要迟到了。
二,用于让步状语从句
在让步状语从句中,谓语动词多用动词原形或be来构成虚拟语气。
例:
1. All magnets behave the same whether they be large or small. 所有磁体无
论大小,其性质都一样。
2. Be he rich or poor, I will marry him all the same.
无论他是富还是穷,我都要嫁给他。
注:由even if或even though引导的让步状语从句,其从句的谓语动词形式与含有
非真实条件从句的主从句中的谓语动词一样来构成虚拟语气。
三,用于条件状语从句
1.可以引导含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句的连词有:in case(假使,说不定)
unless(除非,如果不)supposing(假如)providing(倘若)on condition that(如果)
2.这类条件状语的谓语动词可用动词的过去时形式,也可用“(should)+动词原形”或“may (might, could, would)+动词原形”的形式。
例:
1.I will get some cake in case John should come here.
我会弄些蛋糕,以便约翰来这里。
2.Unless he were my family, I should not expect his help. 如果他不是我的家人,我不会期待他的帮助。
3.Supposing he never appeared! What would you do then?
假设他不出现!你们将怎么办呢?
4.Providing you had the opportunity to go on a journey. Where would you go?
假若你有机会去旅行,你会上哪儿去?
四,用于目的状语从句
在lest,for fear that,in case等引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词用“(should+)
动词原形”来构成虚拟语气;在so that,in order that等引导的目的状语从句中,谓语
动词除了用“should+动词原形”外,还可用“might,could+动词原形”来构成虚拟语气。
经典考点: 1.The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he
himself.(CET-4,1998年1月)
A) injure B) had injured
C) injured D) would injure
答案:A。lest后的从句应用动词原形或“should+动词原形”来构成虚拟语气,四个选项中符合用法的只有A项。本题句意是:这个疯子被关进了墙上装有衬垫的病房,以免
他伤害自己。
2.While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they
_________ by wild animals. (2002年12月,38题)
A. should be attacked
B. had been attacked
C. must be attacked
D. would be attacked
答案:A。当穿越山区的时候,所有的人都带着枪以防被野兽袭击。