have的用法

have 的用法小结一、have作实意动词。

1.表示“有”的意思。

Look, I have wings, just like you.He had fair hair and blue eyes.〔注2〕：在英国口语中常用have got代替have.Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, tooI haven't got any jewelry.2.have和一些其他名词连用，表示：(1)一种活动。

We have no classes on Sunday.（上课）they’re going to have a volleyball match.（举行比赛）Are we going to have a meeting this week?（开会）We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（听报告）(2)患病。

I have got a headache.I have a bad cold.(3)发生的情况。

I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.（跌跤）(4)生育。

The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.3.和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（have＋a＋由动词转化和名词）。

Are you going to have a swim.I have a long talk with the teacher.4.have on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。

I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on.5.表示“吃”、“喝”。

I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.Does she have lunch at home?6.组成复合结构即“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。

(1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.)，表示让、叫某人做某事。

The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.〔注〕：否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”.We won't have you blame it on others.She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.(2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。

…the two men had their lights burning all night long….(3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示：①使（让，请）别人作某事，表示的动作是别人做的。

Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.…he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the c oming great procession.②遭遇到某事。

Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken.Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.二、have与to一起构成情态动词，表示“不得不”、“必须”，可用于各种时态。

I have to look after her at home.三、have做助动词与动词的过去分词一起构成现在完成时和过去完成时。

Great changes have taken place the last two years.They said that the Arab had stolen their camel.四、have用于“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的结构，有推测、假设之意。

1.must＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况的推测，一般用于肯定句。

Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.You must have left your bag in the theatre.2.can(could)＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去发生事情的“不肯定”，常用于否定句和疑问句。

He can't have been to your home, he doesn't know your address.3.should＋have＋过去分词，表示“某事本该早做而实际未做”，用于肯定句。

You should have been here five minutes ago.五、have用于某些成语，表示固定的意思。

1.have a word(a few words)with sb.，表示和某人说一（几）句话。

Where's Peter? I want to have a word with him.(SBⅢL13)2.had better＋不带to的动词不定式，表示“…最好…”。

I'd better go and look for him now.(JBⅢL2)3.have nothing(something)to do with，表示“和…无（有）”关系。

Most of questions had nothing to do with Edison's lessons.使役动词have在高中英语课本中频频出现。

同学们若不准确掌握它的用法，便会在使用中常常出错。

现将其用法归纳如下，仅供参考。

一。

have sb do sth此结构意为“让/请某人做某事”，宾语是宾语补足语所表示动作的执行者，但宾语补足语表示的动作却发生在have动作之后，即宾语补足语所表示的动作在当时尚未发生。

例如：The soldiers had him stand with his back to his father。

士兵们让这男孩背对他父亲站着。

The teacher had us hand in our homework on time。

老师让我们按时交作业。

We had Alice attend that meeting with him。

我们让艾丽斯与他一起参加了那个会议。

注意：此结构用于否定句中时，常含“不能容忍、不允许”之意。

例如：I won”t have you say such things。

我可不允许你说这样的话。

We”ll never have such things happen again。

我们决不允许类似的事情再次发生。

二。

have sb / sth doing sth在have sb / sth doing sth中，doing sth为现在分词短语，在句中作宾语补足语；sb / sth与doing之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。

有以下两种主要用法：1。

多表示“让某人/某物处于做某事的状态”，此时have也可由keep来代替。

例如：His parents had him staying at home all the time。

他父母亲让他一直呆在家里。

The night before the procession， the two cheats had their lights burning all night long。

在举行游行的前一天夜里，那两个骗子让灯整夜亮着。

We have never had women working in this part of our company before。

我们以前从来没有让女性在公司的这个部门工作过。

2。

won”t / can”t have sb / sth doing sth含“不允许或禁止”之意，通常可由not allow / not permit / forbid + sb / sth +to do替换。

例如：I can”t have you catching cold。

Run and change your wet clothing。

我不能让你感冒了。

快去把湿衣服换掉。

George， I won”t have you shouting at me that way!乔治，我不允许你那样对我大吵大叫。

We can”t have them forcing their views on everyone else。

我们不容许他们把自己的观点强加于其他所有的人。

三。

have sth done在此结构中，宾语与宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的被动关系，所以宾语补足语一般由及物动词的过去分词充当。

这个结构一般有以下三种不同的意思：1。

表示“请/让/叫别人（为自己）做某事”，强调主语的意志。

例如：To keep the enemy out of his empire， Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls joined up。

为御敌于国门之外，秦始皇令人将所有的边墙连成一体。

Mr Howe wants to have his washing machine repaired。

豪先生想请人为他修理洗衣机。

Mrs Smith had two of her teeth taken out last week。

上个星期史密斯夫人请人拔掉她的两颗坏牙。

2。

表示“遭遇某种不幸的事情”，说明宾语遭遇的是一种意外的事故，并不着重说明“是谁使他遭遇这种灾难”。

例如：I had my wallet stolen on my way home last Monday。

上星期一我在回家的路上，钱包被（人）偷了。

Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken by the noise of jet planes passing overhead。

机场附近房屋的窗户有时被上空掠过的喷气式飞机的响声震破。

Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machines。