语法概述:名词的特性(属性) 希伯来语
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Grammatical Overview: Noun Properties
语法概述:名词的特性(属性)
A noun is a name (nomen) given to a person, place, or thing. Nouns have the following properties: 1) gender, 2) number, 3) person, and 4) case.
名词可以赋予给人、地方或者是物品以名字。名词有很多的特性(属性):1、(语法性)词;2、数;3、人称;4、格
Gender
词性(语法性)
Gender is a property that indicates the sex of the referrent (masculine or feminine). In Hebrew, however, the correlation between the gender of a noun and its referrent is generally accidental. For example, the word Torah in Hebrew is feminine, but that does not imply anything about the nature of the Torah itself. Unlike Greek, there is n o “neuter” gender in Hebrew.
词性是一个可以指出指示物性(阳性词或隐性词)的特性。然而在犹太人的文化(希伯来语)里面,这个在名词的性与它的指示的对象的相互关系是普遍偶然发生的(即是犹太人,或者是希伯来语言里面是很喜欢伪造物的词性出来)。比如,在犹太人的圣经旧约之首五卷里面的这个世界记述是阴性的,但是这种做法是没有暗示自然界的一切和旧约圣经本身的性,不像这个在希腊中的版本那样,因为在犹太人的语言是不存在中性的。
Number
数
Number is the property that indicates whether one or more than one object is referenced when using the word. Hebrew has singular nouns (one object), plural nouns (more than one object), and dual nouns (a pair of objects). For plural nouns, there are regular plurals, irregular plurals, dual plurals, and plurals functioning as singular nouns.
数也是一种指示出在犹太人文化(或者是希伯来语言里面)是一还是更多同类参考物,对应着单数(一个类),复数(比一多的类)和两者都有的(兼备二者的类)。比如表达复数形式时,那就是一个单数的类或者是有规律的复数形式,二者都有(词本身单数复数都有的)的复数和复数(由单数构成)
Person
人称
Person refers to the relationship between the noun and the speaker. A noun can be in the first person (I, John, am here), second person (Oh, John!), or third person (John is here). Normally these distinctions apply to the study of pronouns, but they are implicit in the grammar of the noun as well.
人称依据的是名词与被说出者之间的关系。一个名词可以是以第一人称(我在这儿,John也是),以第二人称(哦,龟毛!)或者以第三人称(龟毛在这儿。)的形式出现。通常这些人称的区别、区分涉及到人称代词的研究,但是它们在名词的语法中也是不言明的(不详细介绍的)。
Case
格
Case indicates the grammatical function of the noun in a sentence. The noun can be a subject of a sentence (Hebrew is fun), an object in a sentence (John loves Hebrew), or in a possessive relationship with an object (John’s Hebrew book). For possessives, Hebrew uses a “construct state” where one of two (or more) Hebrew nouns appear as a chain in a sentence (more later).
格指示的是名词在句子中语法的格式、规律与功能。这个名词可以是句子的主语(希伯来语有意思。)也可以是句子的宾语(John喜欢希伯来语)或者是一个宾语所有的关系(宾语所有格)(John的希伯来语书)。比如从属关系(所属格),希伯来语用一个由一个或两个希伯来名词的结构体出现的,这样子就像是句子中的一条链子。(待续)