植物保护进展考试题及答案

植物保护进展考试题及答案名词解释1、Exclusion:the principle is defined as measure that presents the introduction of a disease-causeing agent into a region、farm、or planting。

2、Eradication：the principle aims at eliminating a pathogen after it is introduced into an area bur before it has become well established or widely spread.3、Protection:The principle depends on establishing a barrier between the pathogen and the host plant or the susceptible part of the host plant。

3、Immunization：4、Integrated disease management （IDM）:is a concept derived from the successful integrated pest management system developed by entomologies for insect and mfee control 。

5、Integrated weed management（IWM）：is a broad system approach that incorporates cultural，mechanical，biological，and chemical weed control strategies into a unified system。

6、Cultivar mixture ：mixtures of cultivars that vary for many characters including disease resistance，but have sufficient similarity to be grown together.7、Integrated pest management （IPM）：is a sustainable approach to managing pest by combining biological，cultural，physical and chemicals tools in a way that minimize economic，health and environment risks 。

8、Trap cropping ：is the planting of a trap crop to protect crop to protect the main crash crop from a certain pest or several pests 。

9、habitat management：栖境管理是基于生态学的理论，对农林景观中害虫的栖境进行组装与操纵。

为天敌提供食物、替代猎物、寄主或度过不利环境的庇护场所，有助于害虫天敌进行生物防治，或不利于害虫生存、以降低其种群数量而控制其危害的管理技术。

10、Plant protection：植物保护是植物生产管理系统中的组成部分，它以生态学的理论为指导，综合运用多学科的知识和各种技术措施，将有害生物持续的控制的在经济允许损失水平之下或美学容许的范围之内，从而达到植物的可持续生产。

简答一、Comprehensive disease control program for field crops ？1、Select varieties and hybrids resistant to be the most common or economically important diseases in specific field 。

2、Plant only the highest quality，disease-free seed 。

3、Plant when soil temperature and moisture are most favorable for specific crop seed germination and seeding growth of the crop planted .4、Follow a good crop-rotation sequence 。

5、Destroy residues of the previous crop by stilling as far in advance of planting the new crop as possible。

6、 Plan a well balanced soil fertility program based on a soil test 。

7、Control weeds that compete with crop plants for nutrients and moisture。

8、Maintain plants vigor by controlling insect 。

二、management practices for corn disease ？1、Select corn hybrids with resistance to northern corn leaf blight and stewart's bacterical leaf blight。

2、Plant only high-quality seed with a highgermination percentage 。

3、Cultural practice such as crop rotation and tillage areimportant disease-control methods。

4、To ensure good growth and acceptable yields，provide adequate fertility based on a soil test。

5、Control insects and weeds 。

6、Harvest promptly三、comprehensive wheat disease management program for Ohio ？1、Select high-yield varieties with good straw strength ，winter hardiness ，and resistance to the important disease in your area。

2、Plant in a well-prepared seed bed3、Plant well-cleaned，disease-free seed4、Use crop rotation，never plant wheat after wheat or spelt 。

5、Plow down residues。

6、Use a well-balanced fertility program based on a soil test 。

7、Control weed grasses。

8、Apply fungicides if warrantee 。

四、apple scab management 。

Chemical control Genetic resistance Cultural practises Biological control五、Late blight management options .1、Preplanting management options ，Cultivar，Site selection，Corp rotation，Elimination of overwintering inoculum Planting of pathogen-free tubers2、Management in established potato fields，Hilling，Irrigation，Fertilization，Scouting for disease ，Fungicide applications3、Management at harvest and in storage 。

六、 Five Blight Management1、Cultivars Selection of a resistant cultivars is the most effective method of controling ~2、elimination of overwintering inoculumremoval of overwintering canlcers is accomplished byinspecting and pruning trees during the winter2、 prevention of blossom blight4、mid-season suppression of established infections. Established infections are controlled principally by pruning七、Mechanisms by which cultivar mixture suppress diseaseDilution effect Barrier effect Znduced resistance八、There are four lines of defense in risk mitigationpoint-of-origin point-of-entry High risk zones Regional inspection program九、Principles of EPM1、High Function Efficiency2、Styuctural Harmony3、Sustainable Rugulation and control4、Sound Economy十、T o bring ecological management to a farm，consider three key serategies1、Select and grow a diversity of crops2、stress the pests3、Enhance the populations of beneficial insects that attack pests 十一、果树害虫防治策略：害虫综合治理（IPM）害虫生态控制（EPM）可持续治理（SPM）十二、The main trusts of up-down are？Conservation and enhancement保护和提高十三、There are two types of planting the trap crops？1、 Row intercropping is the planting of the trap 。