动词不定式和动名词总结
动词不定式与动名词用法总结
动词不定式与动名词用法总结一动词不定式作主语(1) (1)To learn a foreign language is not easy.主语It(形式主语)is not easy to learn a foreign language(真正主语)It takes / took me 3 hours to read EnglishIt is not difficult for us to learn a foreign languageIt’s kind of you to help me with my English .1 It+is+形容词(表示人的性格品质)+of sb+to do2 It+is+形容词(表示做某事是怎么样)+for sb+to do注(1)当形容词表示人的性格品质时,逻辑主语由of引出,如:kind,nice, good, polite, clever, careful,careless, foolish,(2)当形容词表示做某事是怎么样时逻辑主语由for引出.如:difficult, hard , easy, important, dangerous possible二动词不定式宾语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。
want to do agree to do hope to do decideto doprefer to do plan to do offer to do would like to doKevin planned to visit his uncle三动词不定式做宾语补足语tell sb + to do ask sb + to do want sb +to doorder sb + to do invite sb + to do warn sb+ to doI tell him not to go there by bus .四:定语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。
动名词与动词不定式的区别
动名词与动词不定式的区别动名词和动词不定式是英语中的两种非谓语动词形式,它们在用法和含义上有一些区别。
本文将介绍动名词和动词不定式的区别。
1. 形式- 动名词的形式是动词的现在分词形式,通常以-ing结尾。
例如:doing, going。
- 动词不定式的形式是动词的原形,通常以to加在动词前面。
例如:to do, to go。
2. 主语- 动名词可以作为句子的主语。
例如:Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)- 动词不定式不能直接作为句子的主语,但可以通过动名词的形式来表示。
例如:To swim is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)3. 动词后的宾语- 动名词可以直接跟在动词后作为宾语。
例如:I enjoy swimming.(我喜欢游泳。
)- 动词不定式通常需要用介词to来连接动词和宾语。
例如:I want to go swimming.(我想去游泳。
)4. 介词用法- 动名词可以直接跟在介词后使用。
例如:I'm interested in learning new languages.(我对研究新的语言感兴趣。
)- 动词不定式通常需要用介词to来引导介词短语。
例如:I'm looking forward to meeting you.(我期待着见到你。
)5. 用法和含义- 动名词表示一种持续性的动作或状态。
例如:He enjoys singing.(他喜欢唱歌。
)- 动词不定式表示一种将要发生的动作或状态。
例如:He wants to sing.(他想要唱歌。
)总结:动名词和动词不定式在形式、主语、宾语和介词用法上存在一些差异。
学会区分它们的用法和含义有助于提高英语表达的准确性和流利度。
动名词和不定式
动名词和不定式动名词和不定式是英语语法中两个常见的非谓语动词形式。
它们在使用方式、功能和结构上有一些共同点,但也存在一些区别。
本文将就动名词和不定式进行详细介绍和比较,并探讨它们在句子中的不同用法。
一、动名词动名词是用动词的-ing形式作为名词使用。
它可以在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、介词宾语、复合宾语等要素。
下面将从不同的角度来说明动名词的用法。
1. 动名词作主语动名词作主语时,通常表示一种习惯、经验、喜好或普遍现象等。
例如:- Smoking is harmful to your health.(吸烟对健康有害。
)- Dancing gives her joy.(跳舞使她快乐。
)2. 动名词作宾语常见的动词后面可以接动名词作宾语,例如:- He enjoys swimming in the river.(他喜欢在河里游泳。
)- She avoids doing her homework.(她避免做她的功课。
)3. 动名词作表语动名词还可以作表语,表示主语的行为或状态。
例如:- Her favorite activity is hiking.(她最喜欢的活动是远足。
)- The key to success is working hard.(成功的关键是努力工作。
)4. 动名词作介词宾语某些动词后面接介词,再接动名词作宾语。
例如:- She is thinking about going abroad.(她正在考虑出国。
)- He apologized for not attending the meeting.(他为没有参加会议而道歉。
)5. 动名词作复合宾语当动词后面接宾语和动名词时,宾语常常是指一个动作、情感或想法,而动名词则起到具体说明或解释的作用。
例如:- I like playing basketball.(我喜欢打篮球。
)- They hate doing household chores.(他们讨厌做家务。
动词的不定式与动名词的区别
动词的不定式与动名词的区别动词的不定式(infinitive)和动名词(gerund)是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式。
尽管在形式上它们有一些相似之处,但在用法和含义上有明显的区别。
本文将详细介绍动词的不定式和动名词的区别,以便读者更好地理解和运用它们。
一、形式上的区别1. 动词的不定式通常由“to + 动词原形”构成,例如:to learn,to eat,to go等。
2. 动名词则是在动词原形后面直接加上-ing,例如:learning,eating,going等。
二、用法上的区别1. 主语的区别:a) 不定式作为主语:不定式一般用作主语时,表示一种抽象的行为、概念或目的。
例如:- To learn a new language is challenging.(学一门新语言很有挑战性。
)b) 动名词作为主语:动名词用作主语时,表示一种具体的、实际的行为或活动。
例如:- Reading helps expand your vocabulary.(阅读有助于扩大你的词汇量。
)2. 宾语的区别:a) 不定式作为宾语:不定式可以作为及物动词或不及物动词的宾语,常用于某些动词后,例如:want,hope,decide等。
例如: - She wants to learn Chinese.(她想学中文。
)b) 动名词作为宾语:动名词一般用作及物动词的宾语,常用于某些动词后,例如:enjoy,like,dislike等。
例如:- He enjoys swimming in the ocean.(他喜欢在海里游泳。
)3. 表语的区别:a) 不定式作为表语:不定式可以用作表语,通常用于表示完成、未来或可能性等。
例如:- His dream is to become a doctor.(他的梦想是成为一名医生。
)b) 动名词作为表语:动名词不常用作表语。
4. 定语的区别:a) 不定式作为定语:不定式可以用作修饰名词或代词的定语,常用于表示目的、原因或解释等。
什么是动名词和不定式
什么是动名词和不定式?动名词(Gerunds)和不定式(Infinitives)都是非谓语动词的形式,它们在句子中具有名词的功能,但在形式和用法上有一些区别。
1. 动名词(Gerunds):动名词是动词的现在分词形式(动词原形+ ing)。
它可以作为名词的主语、宾语、补语或介词的宾语。
-作主语:Swimming is my favorite sport.(动名词作主语)-作宾语:I enjoy reading books.(动名词作宾语)-作补语:Her hobby is dancing.(动名词作补语)-作介词的宾语:He is good at playing the guitar.(动名词作介词的宾语)动名词通常与动词一起使用,表示实际的动作或状态。
2. 不定式(Infinitives):不定式是由动词原形前加上"to"构成(例如:to go,to eat,to sleep)。
它可以作为名词、形容词和副词的补语。
-作名词:I like to swim.(不定式作名词)-作形容词:This is a good book to read.(不定式作形容词)-作副词:He runs to keep fit.(不定式作副词)不定式通常与动词一起使用,表示目的、原因、结果、条件等语义关系。
在用法上,动名词和不定式有一些区别:-动名词强调动作的实际发生,常用于表示喜好、爱好、经验等;-不定式强调动作的目的、原因、结果等,常用于表示意愿、计划、建议等。
此外,不定式还有时态和语态的变化,如一般不定式、完成不定式、进行不定式、被动不定式等。
例如:- I like swimming.(动名词作主语)- I want to swim.(不定式作宾语)- He enjoys playing basketball.(动名词作宾语)- He decided to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)在学习和运用动名词和不定式时,我们需要了解它们的用法、搭配和语义差异,并根据上下文准确选择合适的形式。
初中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式和动名词用法总结
初中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式和动名词用法总结动词的不定式和动名词是英语学习中的重要知识点,它们的用法十分多样且常见。
本文将对动词的不定式和动名词的用法进行总结和归纳。
一、动词不定式1. 作主语:例句:To succeed in life is his ultimate goal.成功是他追求的终极目标。
2. 作宾语:a. 接及物动词的宾语:例句:I want to learn English.我想学英语。
b. 接不及物动词的宾语:例句:She decided to go hiking.她决定去徒步旅行。
3. 作表语:例句:Her dream is to become a doctor.她的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 作补语:a. 表示命令、建议、请求等:例句:She told me to wait for her at the gate.她告诉我在门口等她。
b. 表示目的、目标等:例句:He went to the store to buy some groceries.他去商店买一些杂货。
5. 作定语:例句:We need a person to help us with the project.我们需要一个人来帮助我们完成这个项目。
6. 作状语:a. 表示目的、结果、原因等:例句:He studied hard to pass the exam.他努力学习为了通过考试。
b. 表示时间、条件等:例句:I woke up early to catch the bus.我早起为了赶公交车。
二、动名词1. 作主语:例句:Swimming is my favorite sport.游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
2. 作宾语:例句:I enjoy reading books in my free time.我喜欢在空闲时间读书。
3. 作表语:例句:Her hobby is dancing.她的爱好是跳舞。
4. 作补语:例句:His job is teaching English.他的工作是教英语。
不定式与动名词
【语法讲解】不定式(infinitives) 和动名词(gerund)一,不定式:动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",第一,带to的不定式结构1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有: want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide,forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come等。
2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。
如:Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。
第二,不带to的不定式结构。
以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:1.在固定词组had better之后。
注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。
如:It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。
2.在let, make, have, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来。
第三,动词不定式作主语不定式结构作主语时,现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语, 把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如:1. It takes sb + some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work2. It+be+形容词+for sb +to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in ten minutes.3. It+be+形容词+of sb +to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.二,不定式和动名词作主语的区别1.动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
动名词和不定式的区分和考点总结
三、to是介词的高频短语
1.bebecome used/accustomed to 习惯于 2.be addicted to 沉溺于;对…上瘾 3.devote oneself to 致力于 4. turn to doing 开始 5.be attached to 附属于;喜欢;依恋 6.get down to 认真做.... 7.lead to 导致 8. look forward to 9.be equal to 胜任 10. the key to做...的关键 11. owing/thanks to...由于 12. make contributions to... 13. pay attention to 14. stick to 15. refer to 查阅;提及
五、动名词复合结构 作主语时,须用名词所有格或形容词
性物主代词;作宾语时,也可用普通格 或人称代词宾格。
Playing basketball is my hobby.
Tom’s (His) coming made us glad.
She didn’t mind Jack/ Jack’s (him/ his) coming here.
六、主动结构表被动意义
1.sth need/want/require doing to be done
例:The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
2. Sth is worth doing. sth is worthy to be done
例: This place is worth visiting. 3. Being understood is important.
stop doing sth. 4. regret to do sth.
初中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式与动名词的用法
初中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式与动名词的用法动词的不定式与动名词是英语中常见的两种动词形式,它们在句子中有各自独特的用法。
本文将对初中英语中动词的不定式与动名词的用法进行归纳总结。
一、动词的不定式的用法1. 不定式作为主语不定式可以作为句子的主语,常用的句型有:- To study English is important.- To succeed needs hard work.- To learn a foreign language is challenging.2. 不定式作为宾语不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语,常用的动词有:- want, hope, plan, decide等。
例如:- She wants to go shopping.- They hope to win the game.- I plan to visit my grandparents next week.3. 不定式作为表语不定式也可以作为句子的表语,常用的句型有:- The best way to learn is to practice.- His dream is to become a doctor.- My goal is to travel around the world.4. 不定式作为状语不定式可以作为状语修饰动词、形容词或副词。
常用的句型有:- I woke up early to catch the train.- She was too tired to continue working.- He spoke slowly to make sure everyone understood.二、动名词的用法1. 动名词作为主语动名词可以作为句子的主语,常用的句型有:- Swimming is my favorite sport.- Reading books is a good way to relax.- Playing basketball requires teamwork.2. 动名词作为宾语动名词可以作为及物动词的宾语,常用的动词有:- enjoy, like, love, hate等。
最全的非谓语动词知识点总结
最全的非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词是指动词的非动词形式,分为动词不定式、动名词和现在分词、过去分词。
下面是非谓语动词的最全知识点总结:一、动词不定式(Infinitive)1.动词不定式的形式:- 常规形式:to+动词原形(to do)- 被动形式:to be done- 完成形式:to have done2.动词不定式的用法:- 作主语:To read books is my hobby.- 作宾语:I want to go home.- 作定语:Can you give me something to eat?- 作状语:I study hard to pass the exam.3.动词不定式与一些动词搭配:- 动词make, let, have, help后接动词原形作宾语:She made me clean the room.- 动词比如tell, ask, advise, want, expect后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语:She told me to go there.二、动名词(Gerund)1.动名词的形式:- 动词原形+ing(doing)2.动名词的用法:- 作主语:Swimming is good for health.- 作宾语:I enjoy reading books.- 作表语:His job is teaching English.- 作定语:The running water sounds relaxing.- 作状语:I walked home, singing songs.3.动名词与一些动词搭配:- 动词stop, finish, keep, mind后接动名词作宾语:He finished reading the book.- 动词enjoy, dislike, mind后接动名词作宾语:I enjoy swimming.三、现在分词(Present Participle)1.现在分词的形式:- 原形+ing(doing)2.现在分词的用法:- 作定语:The crying baby needs attention.- 作状语:He left the party, feeling disappointed.3.现在分词与一些动词搭配:- 动词keep, catch, find后接现在分词作宾补:I caught him stealing my money.- 动词see, hear, notice后接现在分词作宾补:I saw him walking in the park.四、过去分词(Past Participle)1.过去分词的形式:- 动词的过去分词形式(done)2.过去分词的用法:- 用于完成时态:I have finished my homework.- 用于被动语态:The book was written by him.3.过去分词与一些动词搭配:- 动词have, has, had, get, be等后接过去分词构成完成时态:He has eaten breakfast.- 动词make, let, have, get后接过去分词构成被动语态:She was made to clean the room.。
动词不定式和动名词用法总结
动词不定式和动名词用法总结Ⅰ带to的不定式ask sb to do sth叫某人做某事tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事used to do sth过去常干某事teach sb to do sth教某人做某事invite(邀请)sb to do sth encourage(鼓励)sb to do sth Help sb (to) do sthorder(命令)sb to do sth agree to do sth同意做某事plan to do sth计划做某事hope to do sth希望做某事choose to do sth选择做某事fail to do sth做某事失败manage to do sth设法做成某事would like to do sth 想要做某事help oneself to sth 随便吃些什么东西prepare(准备)to do sth need to do sth 需要做某事want sb to do sth wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事Ⅱ省to的动词不定时1)在had better, why not…? Why don’t you…?Will you please…? shall,must,would,can及其他情态动词之后。
2)在使役动词let, have, make后让/使某人去干某事3)在感官动词后可接省to的动词不定式:“一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三看(look at, see, watch)”I felt someone open my door.Please listen to me sing this song again.Ⅲ以下动词,后跟动名词enjoy(喜欢)doing sthfinish(完成)doing sth practice(练习)doing sth mind(介意)doing sthbe busy doing sth忙于做某事keep doing sth一直做give up(放弃)doing sthhave fun(有乐趣的)doing sth can’t stand doing sth不能忍受做某事have a good/great time doing sth 很高心做某事sb spend+时间/金钱+(in)+doing sth 花费….做某事Ⅳ后既可跟动词不定时也可跟动名词1)后接两者意义差别不大like love hate begin start continue(继续)2) 后接两者意义不相同的hear sb do sth听见某人做某事hear sb doing sth听到某人正在…try doing sth 尝试着做某事try to do sth 设法做某事see/watch sb do sth 看见某人做某事see/watch sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情stop to do sth 停止(正在做得事情)去干另外一件事情remember doing sth 记得过去做过某事(这件事情做过了)remember to do sth 记得要去做某事(这件事情还没做)forget doing sth忘记曾做过某事(做过)forget to do sth 忘记去做某事(没做)。
不定式与动名词口诀总结
动词后加to do 和doing的记忆口诀一、只能用动名词(ing)作宾语考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练,否定完成停欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意弃逃亡。
consider考虑suggest建议/advocate 提倡主张look forward to 盼望forgive原谅/pardon 原谅acknowledge承认/admit 承认postpone延迟延期/delay 延迟/defer 拖延recall回想/fancy 幻想爱好avoid避免miss错过keep保持practise练习实践deny否认complete完成/finish 完成cease停止/quit 放弃停止appreciate感激欣赏forbid禁止/prevent 阻止imagine设想risk冒险can’t help 不禁mind介意escape逃跑逃避加动名词的动词大集合口诀故事是以一个家长的口吻讲述:我有时很感激欣赏(appreciate)我的孩子,但总是避免(avoid)承认(admit)这一点,请允许(allow)我寻求您的建议(advise),{名词为advice}您考虑(consider)后告诉我如何克服这个小缺点。
还有一件事,我的孩子总是拖延(delay)他不喜欢(dislike)的事,不可否认(deny)这就是逃避(escape)。
老师原谅(excuse)了他,但是告诫他要喜欢(enjoy)自己的该做的事。
我曾经禁止(forbid)他凭空想象(fancy)赶快完成(finish)自己手头的事,他反对我并保持(keep)他的想象(imagine),说介意(mind)自已会错过(miss)任何灵感。
有专家告诉我要允许(allow)孩子去实践(practise),去冒险(risk),因为孩子不能抵制(resist)自己闯的诱惑,只要建议(suggest)他忍受(stand)住任何学习工作的艰苦就可以了。
动词不定式和动名词的用法和区别详解
动词不定式和动名词的用法和区别详解动词不定式是由动词原形加上to构成的形式,通常作为动词、形容词或副词的宾语、补语、定语或状语。
动词不定式可以表示目的、结果、愿望、能力、需要、义务等含义。
动名词是由动词加上-ing构成的形式,可以作为名词的主语、宾语、定语或表语。
动名词通常表示行为或状态的持续性或重复性。
两者的区别如下:1. 形式上的区别:- 动词不定式以to开头,如to eat、to sleep。
- 动名词以-ing结尾,如eating、sleeping。
2. 用法上的区别:- 动词不定式通常用作动词的宾语,如I want to eat。
它可以跟在某些动词后面,如want、like、hope等,构成不定式短语。
- 动名词通常可以用作名词的主语、宾语或表语,如Smokingis bad for health。
3. 意义上的区别:- 动词不定式强调的是动作的目的、结果、愿望、能力等。
例如,I want to learn English。
在这个句子中,不定式to learn强调的是想要研究英语的目的。
- 动名词强调的是动作的持续性或重复性。
例如,I enjoy swimming。
在这个句子中,动名词swimming强调的是游泳这个持续性的动作带来的愉悦感。
需要注意的是,有些动词后既可以接动词不定式,也可以接动名词,但意义可能会有所不同。
例如,I like swimming和I like to swim的意思虽然都是“我喜欢游泳”,但前者强调的是游泳这个动作本身,而后者强调的是我想要做游泳这个动作。
总结起来,动词不定式和动名词在形式、用法和意义上存在一些区别。
了解这些区别有助于我们正确使用它们,并更好地理解英语句子的含义和表达方式。
参考资料:- 李强,牛津英语语法详解,外语教学与研究出版社,2001年。
高中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式与动名词的特殊用法
高中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式与动名词的特殊用法动词的不定式与动名词是英语语法中的重要部分,它们有着特殊的用法。
掌握了这些用法,可以帮助我们更准确地表达意思。
本文将对高中英语中动词的不定式与动名词的特殊用法进行归纳总结。
一、不定式的特殊用法1. 作主语不定式可以作为句子的主语,常见的形式有:"To do good is important." (做好事很重要)"It is important to do good." (做好事很重要)在这种用法中,不定式起到名词的作用,整个不定式短语作为句子的主语。
2. 作宾语不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语。
常见的动词有:want, plan, hope, decide, promise, agree等。
例如:"I want to go shopping."(我想去购物)"She promised to help me."(她答应帮助我)3. 作目的状语不定式可以表示动作的目的,常与动词prepare, learn, go等连用。
例如:"I am studying hard to pass the exam."(我正在努力学习以通过考试)"She bought some flowers to decorate the room."(她买了些花来装饰房间)4. 作结果状语不定式可以表示动作的结果,常与形容词或副词连用。
例如:"He is too young to drive."(他太年轻不能开车)"She is too tired to work."(她太累不能工作)二、动名词的特殊用法1. 作主语动名词可以作为句子的主语,常见的形式有:"Swimming is my favorite sport."(游泳是我最喜欢的运动)"Reading helps improve vocabulary."(阅读有助于提高词汇量)2. 作宾语动名词可以作为及物动词的宾语。
常用句型动名词与不定式的区别
常用句型动名词与不定式的区别动名词和不定式作为英语语法中常用的词组形式,经常被用于表达特定的含义和语境。
本文将重点介绍动名词与不定式的区别,以帮助读者更好地理解和使用这两种句型。
一、定义和形式1. 动名词(Gerund)是动词的一种形式,以-ing结尾,并且在句中充当名词的角色。
动名词的形式为动词的原形 + -ing,例如:reading, swimming, studying等。
2. 不定式(Infinitive)是动词的一种形式,一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。
例如:to read, to swim, to study等。
二、句法用法1. 主语和宾语(1)动名词作为主语,常用于表达一般性的或已经完成的动作。
例如:Swimming is my favorite hobby.(游泳是我最喜欢的爱好。
)(2)不定式作为主语,常用于表达将来的或可能的动作。
例如:To travel around the world is my dream.(环游世界是我的梦想。
)(3)动名词作为宾语,常用于及物动词之后。
例如:I enjoy swimming in the ocean.(我喜欢在海洋中游泳。
)(4)不定式作为宾语,常用于及物动词之后,并带有to。
例如:She wants to go shopping this weekend.(她想在这个周末去购物。
)2. 补语(1)动名词作为补语,常用于及物动词之后。
例如:I find it interesting watching movies.(我发现看电影很有趣。
)(2)不定式作为补语,常用于及物动词之后,并带有to。
例如:She considers him to be a good friend.(她认为他是个好朋友。
)3. 定语和状语(1)动名词作为定语,修饰名词。
例如:I have a swimming lesson tomorrow.(我明天有一节游泳课。
初中英语知识归纳动词的不定式和动名词
初中英语知识归纳动词的不定式和动名词动词的不定式和动名词是英语语法中的两个重要概念。
它们在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分,具有多种用法和结构。
本文将系统归纳动词的不定式和动名词的基本用法,并探讨它们在句子中的常见应用。
一、不定式的基本结构不定式是动词的一种形式,包括to + 动词原形,如to eat, to sleep等。
不定式具有以下基本结构:1. 动词不定式作主语:- To learn English is important.- Swimming is my favorite sport.2. 动词不定式作宾语:- I want to visit Paris.- She loves to read books.3. 动词不定式作表语:- My dream is to become a doctor.- The most important thing is to be yourself.4. 动词不定式作定语:- I have a book to read.- We need a place to live.二、动词不定式的常见用法1. 表示目的和意图:- I study hard to pass the exam.- He exercises regularly to stay healthy.2. 接在情态动词后,表示推测、推理:- He must be asleep.- They may have left already.3. 与一些动词连用,构成特定短语或习惯搭配:- Try to do something.- Want to do something.- Need to do something.4. 与某些动词连用,构成复合宾语:- I saw him leave the room.- She heard the baby cry.三、动名词的基本结构动名词是动词的一种形式,在句中作名词用。
动词不定式和动名词
动名词和不定式一、动词不定式(两个动词之间用“to”连接)构成:肯定式to+动词原形否定式not to do用法:1.做主语To learn a foreign language is not easy .= It’s not easy to learn a foreign language .2.做宾语They all wanted to see you yesterday.3.做宾语补足语He wants you to call him back.4.做定语I want to go to the shop to buy something .5.做状语They ran over to welcome us.6. 做表语My job is to teach him English.A 动词后面+to,常用的词有:想/乐意want / would like to do叫(告诉)某人ask / tell (told ) sb (not ) to do 开始begin( began ) / start to do决定decide to do设法try to do记得(忘记)remember / forget (forgot ) to do希望wish/hope to do计划plan to do拒绝refuse to doEg. I would like to help you .He asked us not to talk in class.I hope to see you again .Don’t forget to brin g your book here.B 特殊疑问词+ to do ( why 除外)eg. I don’t know where to goCan you tell me how to do it = what to do We don’t know which book to choose .Ex: 1 Do you know ___________.A. what will we doB. what to doC. how to do2 I am not sure ________.A. when leaveB. when to leaveC. when leaving3He can’t decide _______.A. which one to buyB. which to buy oneC. which buy one4 ______ skating ?A. Why not goB. Why don’t goC. Why not to go二动名词(动词的ing 形式,常用在动词或介词后面,做宾语)肯定结构do+ing 否定结构not + doing常用词有:1. enjoy / like/love + doing sth (喜欢)2. feel like + doing sth (想要)3. keep + doing sth (保持)4. hate + doing sth (讨厌)5. mind + doing sth (介意)6. consider + doing sth(考虑)7, suggest + doing sth (建议)8. spend time + doing sth(花时间)9. finish + doing sth (完成)10. practise + doing sth(练习)11. can’t help + doing sth(禁不住)12. be busy + doing sth (忙于)13. be worth + doing sth (值得)14. have fun + doing sth (玩得开心)15. have problem + doing sth(有困难)注意:所有的介词(in , at , for , of , from , up , about , to ,without)后+ doing 下列几个词组的“to”为介词1. be used to doing 习惯于做某事2. prefer doing to doing 宁愿…而不愿3. look forward to doing 盼望着做某事4. pay attention to doing 注意做某事5. make a contribution to doing 为…做贡献三. 动词+动词原形有些动词后面只能跟动词原形。
初中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式和动名词用法
初中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式和动名词用法动词的不定式和动名词是初中英语学习中重要的语法知识点。
本文将对不定式和动名词的用法进行归纳总结,并给出相关例句,以帮助初中生更好地掌握这些知识。
一、不定式的用法不定式是动词的一种形式,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
以下是不定式在不同功能中的具体用法。
1. 不定式作主语不定式作主语时,常使用以下形式:to + 动词原形。
例如:- To read books is beneficial for students.阅读书籍对学生有益。
2. 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语时,常跟在某些动词后面,如:want, like, love, hate, hope, plan等。
例如:- I want to learn how to swim.我想学游泳。
3. 不定式作表语不定式作表语时,常用于以下句型:主语 + be + 不定式。
例如:- His dream is to become a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 不定式作定语不定式可以作为名词的定语,放在名词前面修饰名词。
例如:- She has a book to read.她有一本可供阅读的书。
5. 不定式作状语不定式可以作时间、目的、原因、结果、伴随等状语。
例如:- She went to the store to buy some groceries.她去商店购买一些食品杂货。
二、动名词的用法动名词是将动词变为名词形式,以-ing结尾。
动名词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
以下是动名词在不同功能中的具体用法。
1. 动名词作主语动名词作主语时,可以使用以下句型:动名词 + 动词。
例如:- Swimming is my favorite sport.游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
2. 动名词作宾语动名词可以作动词后面的宾语,也可以作介词后面的宾语。
例如:- I enjoy playing soccer.我喜欢踢足球。
动词不定式与动名词用法总结
动词不定式与动名词用法总结一动词不定式作主语(1) (1)To learn a foreign language is not easy.主语It(形式主语)is not easy to learn a foreign language(真正主语)It takes / took me 3 hours to read EnglishIt is not difficult for us to learn a foreign languageIt’s kind of you to help me with my English .1 It+is+形容词(表示人的性格品质)+of sb+to do2 It+is+形容词(表示做某事是怎么样)+for sb+to do注(1)当形容词表示人的性格品质时,逻辑主语由of引出,如:kind,nice, good, polite, clever, careful,careless,foolish,(2)当形容词表示做某事是怎么样时逻辑主语由for引出.如:difficult, hard , easy, important, dangerous possible二动词不定式宾语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。
want to do agree to do hope to do decide to doprefer to do plan to do offer to do would like to doKevin planned to visit his uncle三动词不定式做宾语补足语tell sb + to do ask sb + to do want sb + to doorder sb + to do invite sb + to do warn sb + to doI tell him not to go there by bus .四:定语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。
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Translation1.奥运会的起源可以追溯到公元前776年的古希腊。
(origin)2.以前,人们以为魔术师有超能力,而现在,聪明的观众发现魔术师只不过是运用一些熟练的把戏来娱乐大众罢了。
(however)3.苹果公司计划生产高分辨率(high resolution)的iPad以吸引更多的年轻人。
(appeal to)4.缺乏可靠的市场是农村发展的最大障碍,因为没有市场,农民就没有种植更多粮食的积极性。
(for)Introduction—Vocabulary1.attempt 常用搭配:__________________试图做某事__________________没有企图做某事翻译:他赢取第一名的尝试失败了。
2.universe 宇宙universal 宇宙的,普遍的翻译:宇宙起源之一是宇宙源于一次大爆炸。
普遍真理世界通用语言3.gift 天赋,才能gifted 有才能的常用搭配:have a gift for (doing) sth 有做某事的天赋be gifted in/at (doing) sth在某方面有天赋4.offer to do主动提出做offer / offer提供某人某物provide/ provide提供某人某物这个公司出高薪聘用他,但他婉言谢绝了。
5.let sb down 让某人失望let sb in让某人进来let sb off饶恕某人篮球队在锦标赛中的糟糕表现让学校里的每个人都很失望。
6.agree with (sb/ one’s idea/ one’s words/ what sb say) 同意某人的想法/话agree with sb on/ about sth 在某方面与某人取得一致意见agree with sb (对某人的健康或胃口)适合agree to do sth 同意做某事agree on (doing) sth 在(做)某事上达成一致他们对于在哪一天举行婚礼未能取得一致意见。
这里的海鲜不太适合我。
Presentation---不定式本课重点:不定式作主语、宾语、宾补、状语动词不定式的用法A .作主语/表语B .动词不定式作动词宾语结构常用动词 例句 动词+to do afford, agree, aim, attempt, choose, continue, decide, determine, expect, fail, forget, hate, hope, manage, intend, mean, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, promise, refuseI long to become a footballstar.He agreed to keep it secret.动词+疑问词+to do know, decide, wonder, learn, remember, see, understand, think, find out 等I don’t know what to say tocomfort her. 动词+间接宾语+疑问词+to doshow, teach, advise, tell, inform 等 The farmer showed us how to pick up strawberries. 动词+形式宾语it+补足语+to do find, think, consider, feel, make 等 I find it important to learn a second foreign language.We t hink it better to set offearly.C .动词不定式作宾语补足语1.不定式短语在句首作主语To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 主语The greatest happiness one can get is to love and to be loved. 表语2. 用it 作形式主语(为了平衡句子,人们常用先行词 it 作形式主语,而把真正的作主语不定式放在后边。
) 掌握一门语言需要下功夫。
常用结构:① It+be+名词+to do在这演说很荣幸。
___________________________________②It takes sb + some time +to do做完这些工作需要花你多少时间?③It+be+形容词+for sb +to do在一刻钟里写完这边作文对我们来说是很难的。
④It+be+形容词+of sb +to do你写下老师说的任何事是非常愚蠢的。
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do对这个贫困家庭来说,现在去存钱似乎是不可能的。
注意:在疑问句和感叹句中只能用it 作形式主语的结构:在沙滩上沐日光浴多令人放松啊!结构常用动词 例句 动词+宾语+to do Wish, cause, ask, beg, expect, force, remind, persuade, invite, allow, encourage, advise 等The doctor advise to have ablood test.The teacher encouraged us to join in the discussion.动词词组+宾语+to do arrange for, wait for, ask for, prepare for, long for, rely on 等 I’ll arrange for the guests totour seven country towns.The students waiting for theexam results to come.动词+宾语+(to be )+名词或形容词consider, prove, believe, suppose, know, think 等 Everyone though David (tobe )a clever boy. 动词+宾语+省略to 的不定式 一感:feel 二听:hear, listen to 三让:let, have, make 四观看:observe, see, watch, lookatI saw the young man slip inquietly.注意:转为被动语态时,原不带to 的不定式要变成带to 的不定式。
(除let )a.The naturalist saw a pack of wolves cross the plain and run away.A pack of wolves were seen to ______the plain and ______away .虽然经常是哥哥弄哭小妹妹,但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了。
__________________________________________________________________D . 动词不定式作定语结构例句不定式与被修饰名词构成动宾关系I have a lot workto do. 在处于动宾关系的情况下,若不定式为不及物动词,其后动词须加上结构和意义上所需的介词。
Henry is a pleasant man to talk to. I’ve bought a motorcycle to go to work on. 不定式为及物动词,后接宾语和介词,介词与被修饰的名词构成介宾关系I want a bookcase to put my books in.The boy had no children to play with. 被修饰名词和后接不定式构成主谓关系He is the right person to do that task. 不定式和被修饰名词构成同位关系Her wish to be an air hostess has never come true.E . 动词不定式作状语 1.表示目的To save the child, he laid down his life.I'll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.2.表示结果他上了火车站,可只发现火车已经走了。
会议之后,他们分开了,再也没有见过彼此。
很多粉丝等几个小时仅仅就是为了看一眼明星。
Focused PracticeⅠ.Choose the best answer for the following questions.1. It is not always easy __________ invitations.A. to refuseB. refusingC. to be refusedD. being refused2. To answer correctly is more important than __________A. a quick finishB. to finish quicklyC. finishing quicklyD. you finish quickly3. How __________ the problem will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.A. to solveB. to be solvedC. being solvedD. solving4. It was polite _________ the child to give up his seat to the elderly woman.A. forB. ofC. toD. with5. I don’t think it’s much good __________ to him.A. writingB. to writeC. to be writtenD. being written6. _______time, the man stepped into one of the airport bars and ordered a coffee.A. To killB. KillingC. By killingD. For killing7. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone8. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.A. make friend withB. make friends ofC. make friendsD. make friends with9.Which do you enjoy __________ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?A.spending B.to spend C.being spent D.spend10. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.A. so not as toB. so as not toC. so as to notD. not so as to11. I need a day or two ________.A. to think it overB. to think overC. of thinkingD. to think12. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented13. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.A. ride;rideB. riding;rideC. ride;to rideD. to ride;riding14. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.A. sitB. sit onC. be sitD. be sat on15. Don’t talk with him any more. He is a man who is hard to ________.A. be pleasedB. pleasantC. pleasingD. pleaseⅡ. Fill in the blanks with the words given bellow.1.Others will tell you that she is______(modesty),funny, clever, warm.2.Ryle accepted more out of ________(curious) than anything else.3.As a result of the _________(growth)fears about home security, more people are arranging forsomeone to stay in their home when they are away.4.Most statesmen regarded a war as an _________(inviting) to disaster.5.Ted managed to combine business with________(please).6.I have a very high _________(repute) for your friends and relatives.7.He is a violinist who spent years________(perfect)his techniques.8.The entire audience broke into loud_________(applaud)9.Bach and Mozart were musical________.A. talentB. giftsC. geniusesD. genius10.They didn’t ______one another as to what type of computer they would buy.A. agree toB. agree onC. agree aboutD. agree with11.________by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but_______up.A. Surrounded; to giveB. Having surrounded; to giveC. Surrounding; to giveD. Surrounding; give1.你尽管放心,这台机器不会让你失望。