英语同位语
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英语同位语
一.同位语(Appositive)
1、一个名词或其它形式,跟在另一个名词或代词后并对其进行解释、说明或限定,这个名词或其它形式就是同位语。同位语与被它说明的先行词的格要一致,并且前后两项所指相同,句法功能也相同。同位关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;同位语只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。例如:
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。(“Mr. Smith”是主语,“our new teacher”是同位语,指同一人。)
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。(Tom是宾语, “a friend of my brother's”是同位语,指同一人。)
Mr.Johnson cares for us students very much.约翰逊先生非常关心我们学生。
We sdudents all respect him Mr. Johnson, our English teacher.我们学生都尊重他,我们的英语老师约翰逊先生。
Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3198 metres above sea level.青海湖,中国最大的内陆湖,海拔3198米。
We have everything we need: land, wealth, and technology.我们需要的一切,土地、财富和技术,都有了。
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. 我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
2、其他成分作同位语
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.他读过各种各样的古今中外的书籍。
People here, men and women, old and young,supported the project.这儿的男女老少都支持这项工程。
Then we three, Li Ming, Wang Ping and I,begain to prepare for the trip.接着,李明、王平和我三人开始为那次行程做准备。
You may leave it to us two.你可以把这件事交给我们两个。
I’m looking for a job, repairing cars.我在找一份修车的工作。
3、像for example, that is, including, particularly等也可以引出同位语。例如:
He is interested in sports, especially ball games. 他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动。
They visited eight cities, for example, London and Paris.他参观了八个城市,如伦敦和巴黎。
My best friend, (that is to say) Anna, was here with me last night.我最好的朋友,也就是安娜,昨天晚上和我在一起。
4、both, all, each等作同位语要放在助动词、系动词和情态动词之后。例如:
They are both in favor of the plan.他们俩都同意这个计划。
We can all speak English.我们都会讲英语。
Have you each handed in a picture to me?你们每人都交画子给我了吗?
5、同位语有时也可以扯开。例如:
It’s a real eye-opener—what I have seen today.在这儿看到的真叫我大开眼界那。
It’s worth discussing, the ponit you brought up.这个,你提的问题值得讨论。
He is a complete gunius, that brother of yours.他,你这个弟弟真是个天才。
6、同位语有时相当于一个定语从句。例如:
His only interest in life, (which is)travelling around, has brought him a lot of friends.他唯一的兴趣,到处旅游给他带来了很多朋友。
Alice,(who is) a shy girl, argued heatedly with us.爱丽丝,一个腼腆的姑娘,当时跟我们辩论是非常激烈。
二.同位语从句( Appositive Clause)
1.作同位语的句子叫同位语从句。被同位语从句解释的名词也叫先行词,同位语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而且名词仅限于belief,doubt,conclusion, fact,hope,idea,information,news, plan,,promise,question,rumour, suggestion,theoryt, thought,tuth,等少数名词:例如:
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.他什么都没说,这个事实是大家很吃惊。
His suggestion that we should finish the work by the weekend is reasonable.他建议我们在周末前把活干完是有道理的。
2、同位语从句的连接词
1)、that引导陈述句,只起连接作用,其本身无意义;
2)、whether引导一般问句、选择问句和反义问句,意思是“是否”;
3)、who, whom, which, whose, where, when, why, how疑问词引导特殊问句,语序正装,在从句中担任句子成分,本身有意思。例如:
We expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again.我们都希望他们能再来中国访问。
I have no idea whether he will agree with us.我不知道他是否同意我们的观点。
I had no idea when the thing happened.我当时不知道那件事是什
么时候发生的。
The question how we try out the top player will be discussed next week.如何选拔运动员,这个问题我们下周在讨论。
They haven’t solved the problem what went wrong whith the machine.机器出故障的问题他们还没解决。
3、同位语从句与定语从句(Attributive Clause)的区别