高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语(Subject):句子中进行动作或者是被动接受动作的人或物。
例句:Tom is reading a book.(主语是Tom)2. 谓语(Predicate):句子中所陈述的动作或状态。
例句:I am studying English. (谓语是am studying)3. 宾语(Object):句子中被动作的对象或者是动作的影响者。
例句:She bought a new car.(宾语是a new car)4. 定语(Adjective):修饰名词或代词的词或词组。
例句:I saw a black cat.(定语是black)5. 状语(Adverb):修饰动词、形容词、副词,可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
例句:She sings beautifully.(状语是beautifully)例句:I am a student.(补语是a student)英语句子结构可以按照不同的组合方式分类:1. 简单句(Simple Sentence):包含一个主语和一个谓语。
例句:She sings.(主语+谓语)例句:I like swimming, but he prefers hiking.(独立子句+连接词+独立子句)3. 并列句(Coordinative Sentence):用连词连接两个或更多的相同层次的分句。
例句:I am tired, so I'm going to bed.(分句+连词+分句)例句:She invited me to a party, which made me happy.(主句+从句)总结起来,英语句子成分和结构的掌握对于理解和构建句子都是非常重要的。
通过对各个成分的认识和使用,可以更准确地表达自己的意思。
而了解不同的句子结构,可以帮助我们构建丰富多样的句子,提高语言表达的能力。
英语句子成分和句子结构分析
英语句子成分和句子结构分析Company Document number:WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法(微观遣词);句法(宏观造句)01词法(微观遣词)1.实词:有实际意义的词。
名词n.:表事物名称动词vi./vt.:行为,动态。
vi.不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意义,后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词,本身无法表达完整意义,后面必须带宾语形容词adj.:修饰n.副词adv.:修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.:代替n.数词num.:表数量(基数词),表顺序(序数词)2.虚词:没有实际意义的词。
介词prep.:说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.:说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.:在n.前,限定n.感叹词int.:表达感叹02句法(宏观造句)1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型:简单句,并列句,复合句6.复合句:名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句二、语法四大原则1.词性决定词用2.同类同用同种类型的词,用法相同,越细分,越一致3.动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语,谓语部分最重要的就是动词4.举一反三由表及里,发掘句子结构,归属;认识句子本质,由点及面,放大到句群。
语法精讲2句子的成分主体:主语,谓语,宾语,表语次体:定语,状语,补语,同位语主语:一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对象。
常由名词,代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任,一般放在句首。
The sun(名词n.) rises in the east.W e(代词pron.) are friendsT wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history.S eeing(动名词) is believingT o be a teacher(不定式)is my dreamW hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句I t(形式主语)is time to go home(真正的主语)形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语:表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English!I can(情态动词)do it!I don’t(助动词)know!H e is(系动词)asleep.宾语:表示谓语行为的对象,常由名词,代词或相当于名词的词担任,一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。
英语句子成分及五大基本句型精讲
英语五种基本结构和句子成分含义一、五种基本句型1.“主语+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例:He often runs before breakfast.分析:”He”(主语) runs(谓语)此句型结构中的谓语动词一般为不及物动词或不及物动词短语。
2.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例:I study English.分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
此句型中的谓语动词一般为及物动词或及物动词短语。
例:He can take care of himself.3.“主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。
例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our teacher”(主语)“taught”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例:Our teacher asks us to write a short story..分析:“our teacher”(主语)“asks”(谓语动作)“us”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to write a short story”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解句子成分主语:句子说明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.Heliesdancing.Tentyyearsisashorttieinhistory.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.hatheneedsisaboo.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllieatree.谓语:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
estudyEnglish.Heisasleep.表语:系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher.Seventy-four!youdon’tlooit.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Hisfatherisin.Thepictureisontheall.yatchisgone/issing/lost.Toearafloeristosay“I’poor,Ican’tbuyaring.Thequestionishethertheyille.,loo,feelPleaseaeyourselfathoe.介词短语)Don’tlethidothat.Hisfatheradvisedhitoteachthelazyboyalesson.Don’teepthelightsburning.I’llhaveybierepaired.主补:对主语的补充。
Heaselectedonitor.Sheasfoundsinginginthenextroo.Heasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Aiyanlingisacheistryteacher.Heisourfriend.ebelongtothethirdorld.Heasadvisedtoteachthelazyboya lesson.Theanoverthereisyoldfriend.Theoanithababyinherarsis ysister.Theboysplayingfootballareinclass2.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegroingellno.Ihaveanideatodoitell.youshoulddoeverythingthatIdo.状语:用来修饰v.,ad,adv.,or句子。
高考英语句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)
主语+谓语+宾语 Subject+Verb+ S+V+O+A
+状语
Object+Adverbial
There be (存在句)
• (1)S+V(主语+谓语) • She never lies.
↓ 间接 宾语
↓ 直接 宾语
指出下列句中的宾语
• ① My brother hasn't done his homework. • ② People all over the world speak English. • ③ You must pay good attention to your
pronunciation. • ④ How many new words did you learn last
句子成分及句子基本结构
一.句子成分
• 1.一个完整的英语句子,至少由两部分组成 • ___主__语__和__谓__语____。 • 2.英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、
宾语补足语、_表__语__、定语、状语、同位语.
㈠主语(subject)
• 主语是句子叙述的主体,表明这句话描述什么。 • Workers make machines. (名词) • She went out in a hurry. (代词) • Three plus five is eight. (数词) • The young should respect the old(. 名词化的形容词) • To see is to believe. (不定式) • Running is good for your health. (动名词)
(地点状语)
英语句子结构详细讲解
英语句子结构详细讲解一.句子成分分析1.主语(subject)句子的主体,全句述说的对象。
一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,从句担任,常置于句首。
(名词)(主格代词)(数词)(不定式)(动名词)(主语从句)2. 谓语(predicate)对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语(1).简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成at 6 o?clock.(动词)(动词短语)(2).复合谓语①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成(情态动词+动词原形)She (助动词do+动词原形)(助动词has+动词原形)补充:协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。
被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
最常用的助动词有:be, do, have, shall, will, should, would. 助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)②由系动词加表语构成(即主系表结构)(状态系动词be+表语)(表象系动词look+表语)补充:系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词。
有些不具词义;有些具有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
1.状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。
)2.持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, stay, lie, remain, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
高三英语句子结构讲解(彻底搞清句子结构)
高三英语句子结构讲解(彻底搞清句子结构)句子结构1.英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
2.英语五种基本句型结构如下:SV(主+谓)SVO(主+谓+宾)SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)SVP(主+系+表)主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)定语(attribute)表语(predicative)1). 基本句型一:SV(主+谓)这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词,都不带宾语,但可以带状语。
2). 基本句型二:SVO(主+谓+宾)此结构是由“主语及物动词(词组)宾语”构成。
3). 基本句型三:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give“给”,pass“递”,bring“带”,show“显示”。
这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。
间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词间接宾语直接宾语。
例如:He gave me a cup of tea. (SVoO)强调间接宾语顺序为:动词直接宾语介词(to\for)间接宾语。
例如:Show this house to Mr. Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词时,只能用:动词代词直接宾语介词间接宾语。
例如:Bring it to me, please. (不能说 Bring me it, please.)常跟双宾语的及物动词有:(需借助to的)allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
(需借助for的) buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。
高中英语句子成分及结构
英语句子成分及句子结构英语句子基本构成成分:主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如I ,we, he, she, they ),数词、动词不定式,动名词等。
最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式。
主语一般在句首。
(1)名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. ‘这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
(2)代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
(3)动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
(4)动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语:谓语由动词构成,谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上,一般在主语之后。
(1)及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
(2)不及物动词作谓语You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室,手里拿着书。
(3)连系动词作谓语He looks worried.他看起来很担心。
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
(4) 复合谓语:①由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks.②由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
高中英语语法-句子成分和基本句子结构
句子成分和基本句子结构英语句子的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。
英语句一个完整的子,至少由两局部组成(祁使句除外)——主语和谓语。
除了主语和谓语,句子有时还需要其他的成分,如用在系动词后说明主语性质,特征,状态或身份的表语,用在及物动后,表示行为对象或结果的宾语,修饰或限定名词或代词的定语,修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或全句的状语以及对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:SV(主+谓)主语:能够作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,名词化的形容词,动词不定式,动名词或从句。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,不能再接对象(即宾语),这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。
S│V(不及物动词)1. The moon │rose.2. The universe │remains.3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.4. Who │cares?5. What he said │does not matter.6. They │talked for half an hour.7. The pen │writes smoothly基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个说明主语性质,特征,状态或身份的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。
专题二高中英语语法句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语(供参考)
专题二高中英语语法句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语(供参考)高中英语语法1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。
考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线(一行点使我们想到一排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”)状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短木桩,木桩撞(状)钟)补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙)同位语上下双曲线(都有曲折,上下位置基本相同)考点1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构:1. 名词2. 代词3. 数词4. 不定式5. 动名词6. 主语从句等表示。
7. 名词化的形容词(如the rich)在英语中,形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。
如果它们在句首时,句子可能是倒装句,真正的主语在后面。
On the desk are some books. (主语是books,所以用are)Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy,所以用jumps )Gone are the days. (主语是the days,所以用are)练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。
1.During the 1990s, American country musichas become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class aregirls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have English test hasnot been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn’t at home is not true.10.There comes the bus.11.Beyond the village lies a small village.12.Now comes your turn.考点2.谓语谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
英语句子成分和基本结构详解
2、按句子的结构可分三种:
1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语) 和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 1 He often reads English in the morning. 2 Tom and Mike are American boys. 3 She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
4 I found the book interesting.
5 We call him Tom. 6 His father named him Tom.(叫, 称呼)
属于宾语+补足语的动词短语有 1 want sb to do sth 2 would like sb to do sth 3 ask sb to do sth 4 tell sb to do sth 5 wish sb to do sth 6 help sb to do sth 7 let/make/have sb do sth 8 see/hear/watch sb do/doing sth
谓语(predicate)
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。 动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的 构成如下:
• 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词 原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He can speak English.
(名词)
2 We often speak English . (代词)
3 Eight is my lucky number. (数词)
高考英语句子成分结构分析
高考英语句子成分结构分析英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。
一、划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线(一行点使我们想到一排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”)状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短木桩,木桩撞(状)钟)补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙)同位语上下双曲线(都有曲折,上下位置基本相同)1. 主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构:1. 名词2. 代词3. 数词4. 不定式5. 动名词6. 主语从句等表示。
7. 名词化的形容词(如the rich)在英语中,形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。
如果它们在句首时,句子可能是倒装句,真正的主语在后面。
On the desk are some books. (主语是books,所以用are)Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy,所以用jumps )Gone are the days. (主语是the days,所以用are)练习:在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。
1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2. We often speak English in class.3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5. Smoking does harm to the health.6. The rich should help the poor.7. When we are going to have English test has not been decided.8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.9. That he isn’t at home is not true.10. There comes the bus.11. Beyond the village lies a small village.12. Now comes your turn.2. 谓语谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解一、考点分析(考查形式:语法填空,句子翻译,及阅读中对句子的理解)二、专题详解Sentence Structure 句子成分练习①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(一) ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(二) ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤the first①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!①with the family name②given ③third④afraid ⑤downstairs ⑥of theother shoe①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.⑿Alisa is sorry for what she said.①his homework②English③good attention, your pronunciation④new words ⑤to go ⑥he wasill⑦him ⑧the bridge; the museum ⑨it⑩who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾how she can improve her spoken English ⑿what she said①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?①to read②to take ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on ⑥playing①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.①On her face②every night ③when he was eleven④too fast⑤With the medicine boxunder her arm⑥because she loves books⑦if you've lost it,⑧to see the other machine①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?⑥He told us once again that the situation was serious.(八) ①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语⑥us间接宾语;that the situation was serious 直接宾语1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting togetherearly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managedto finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. I have no idea when he was born.14. I don’t know the time when he was born.1、主语,定语;2、间接宾语;3、谓语,状语;4、定语;5、状语,状语;6、定语,表语;7、宾语,状语;8、谓语;9、谓语;10、主语,表语;11、谓语,宾语;12、状语;13 同位语14 定语句子,按结构,分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。
英语句子成分及结构解析
look 看起来; smell 闻起来;sound 听起来; taste 尝起来; feel 感觉; keep 保持; grow/go/get/turn变得。
4 第四种句型:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直 接宾语(S+V+InO+DO) (1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语 是及物动词的直接对象,但某些动词,除 直接宾 语外,还要求一个间接宾语,以表
give 给
tell 告诉 bring 带来 send 寄,送
hand 交给 read 读 pass 递给 lend 借给 return 把……还给…… throw 扔……给……
leave 留给 promise 许诺,答应 refuse 拒绝
②后面加for的动词:
get 得到 make 制造,做 buy 买 do 做
play 演奏 order 命令
sing 唱歌 pay 为……而付钱
简单句的五种基本句型口诀
英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词,后
接什么是关键;vt.又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见;还有宾
语补足语,各种搭配记心间。
5 第五种句型:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补 语 (S+V(及物动词)+O+OC)
(1)有些及物动词,只接一个宾语不能表达完整的 意思,还需要再加一个宾语的补语加以说 明 ,使 意思完整。这样的宾语和宾语补足语又称为复合 宾语,可以由名词、形容词和不定式来担任。
(2)一些使役性动词如make, let, have和一些表示感 官的动词如see, watch, look at(notice, observe) hear, listen to, feel等,用不定式作宾语补语时, 要省去“to”。但用于被动语态时,还要 加上 “to”。
(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解:(一)句子成分1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)找出下列句中的主语:Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词)Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式)Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子)2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习❖主语+不及物动词She came..❖主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English.❖主语+系动词+主语补语She is happy.❖主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book.She bought a book for me.❖主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语She makes her mother angry.The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖主谓宾❖名/代--动词--名/代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.❖相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语❖2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
❖1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)❖2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)❖3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)❖4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。
高三英语句子结构讲解
高三英语句子结构讲解句子是由一个或多个词按照一定的语法规则组成的完整表达意义的单位。
英语句子的主要结构包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
下面是对这些基本句子结构的详细讲解:1. 主语(Subject):句子中执行动作或状态的人或物;一般位于句子的主要位置,或者在 be 动词后面。
例如:John is a student.(约翰是个学生。
)Dogs like to play.(狗喜欢玩。
)2. 谓语(Predicate):句子中说明主语动作或状态的动词或动词短语。
例如:He is reading a book.(他在读一本书。
)She has been studying for hours.(她已经学习了几个小时。
)3. 宾语(Object):句子中接受动作的人或物;通常是及物动词的直接宾语,或者介词后面的宾语。
例如:I bought a new car.(我买了一辆新车。
)She gave the book to her friend.(她把书给了她的朋友。
)4. 表语(Predicate Nominative):句子中表示主语状态或特征的名词、形容词、代词或介词短语;一般是连系动词的后面。
例如:He is a doctor.(他是一名医生。
)The soup tastes delicious.(这汤尝起来很美味。
)5. 定语(Adjective):句子中修饰主语、宾语或表语的形容词、副词或介词短语;一般位于被修饰的词的前面。
例如:There is a red apple on the table.(桌子上有一个红苹果。
)The girl with long hair is my sister.(那个长头发的女孩是我的妹妹。
6. 状语(Adverbial):句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的副词、介词短语或从句;用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、条件等。
例如:He runs quickly.(他跑得很快。
高考英语 句子成分及句子结构
句子成分一、句子成分句子成分:组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
即:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和同位语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语的组成部分。
1、主语:是表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语和从句等充当。
例如:Mr. Cheng is an English teacher.程先生是英语教师He teaches English in No. 5 Middle School. 他在五中教英语。
To be a good teacher is not easy. 要当一位好老师并不容易。
The accused was sentenced to death.被指控者被判处死刑。
Her beloved died in the war. 她敬爱的人死于战场。
What he said is reasonable. 他说的话有道理。
2、谓语:是说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。
谓语(谓语部分里的主要词)用动词。
谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须保持一致。
例如:We love China. 我热爱中国。
Mr. Cheng hopes to be a good teacher.程先生希望当一位好教师。
3、表语:是说明主语是什么或者怎么样。
由名词、代词、数词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或从句等充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。
例如:My father is a teacher. 我父亲是教师。
His work is to teach English . 他的工作是教英语。
Are you ready? 你准备好了吗?That’s what I should do. 这是我应该做的。
4、宾语:是表示动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句等充当宾语,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
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高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解句子成分主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
the sun rises in the east. (名词)he likes dancing.(代词)twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)seeing is believing. (动名词)to see is to believe.(不定式)what he needs is a book. (主语从句)it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (it形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
we study english. he is asleep.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
he is a teacher. (名词)seventy-four! you don’t look it. (代词)five and five is ten. (数词)he is asleep. (形容词)his father is in. (副词)the picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)my watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)to wear a flower is to say “i’m poor, i can’t buy a ring. (不定式)the question is whether they will come. (表语从句)(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)...it sounds a good idea. the sound sounds strange.her voice sounds sweet. tom looks thin.the food smells delicious. the food tastes good.the door remains open. now i feel tired.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾i like china. (名词)he hates you. (代词)how many do you need? we need two. (数词)we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy working with you. (动名词)共7页,当前第1页1234567i hope to see you again. (不定式)did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾are you afraid of the snake? under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)he gave me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
we elected him monitor. (名词)we all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)we will make them happy. (形容词)we found nobody in. ( 副词) please make yourself at home. 介词短语)don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)his father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)i’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)主补:对主语的补充。
he was elected monitor. she was found singing in the next room.he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
ai yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)he is our friend. (代词)we belong to the third world. (数词)he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)the man over there is my old friend.(副词) the woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)the boys playing football are in class 2. (现在分词)the trees planted last year are growing well now.(过去分词)i have an idea to do it well. (不定式)you should do everything that i do. (定语从句)状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列)i will go there tomorrow. the meeting will be held in the meetingroom. the meat went bad because of the hot weather. he studies hard to learn english well.he didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.i like some of you very much.if you study hard, you will pass the exam.he goes to school by bike. though he is young, he can do it well.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型共7页,当前第2页1234567主语+不及物动词she came./ my head aches.主语+及物动词+宾语she likes english.主语+系动词+主语补语she is happy.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语she gave john a book.she bought a book for me.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语she makes her mother angry.the teacher asked me to read the passage.(there +be there lies a book on the desk. )exercises分析下列句子成分1. our school is not far from my home.2. it is a great pleasure to talk with you3. all of us considered him honest.4. my grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. he broke a piece of glass.6. he made it clear that he would leave the city.7. ---i love you more than her,child .8. tees turn green when spring comes.9. they pushed the door open. 10. grandma told me an interesting story last night.11. he wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.all the students think highly of his teaching13. we need a place twice larger than this one. 14. he asked us to sing an english song.15. don't get nervous,help yourself to what you like.16.we will make our school more beautiful.17. he didn't come.that is why he didn't know.18. she showed us her many of her pictures.19. the old man lives a lonely life.20. luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.21. the cars made in japan are better than those in germany.22. there are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him.23. no matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. go back where you came from. 25. we must do whatever the people want us to do.26. at last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. would you please pass me the cup?28 mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. do you know the latest news about him?30. i’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻译练习:主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)共7页,当前第3页1234567 1你应当努力学习。