陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)复习笔记(第18单元 尤金

18.1复习笔记

Eugene Glastone O’Neill(1888-1953)（尤金·格拉斯通·奥尼尔）

1.Life（生平）

Eugene O’Neill was the greatest playwright of US.He was born in New York. His father was a famous actor and O’Neill traveled around with his father’s group and took a year in Princeton,from which he was expelled because of misbehavior.Then he began his experience of wandering and loafing about which stand him in good stead.In the winter of1912-13he developed tuberculosis and was sent to a sanitarium.In this period he read widely in the world’s dramatic literature.In1916his one-act play Bound East for Cardiff was staged.The event marked the beginning of O’Neill’s long and successful dramatic career and ushered in the modern era of the American Theater.O’Neill was a prize-winning playwright.He received the Pulitzer Prize for his Beyond the Horizon and Anna Christie between1920and1922,and the Nobel Prize in1936.

尤金·奥尼尔是美国最伟大的剧作家。他出生于纽约市，他的父亲是当时有名的演员。幼年时奥尼尔常随父亲的剧团演出。他曾就读于普林斯顿大学，但一年后因行为不端被校方开除。之后他开始了漂泊生涯，这段经历对其创作意义重大。1912年到1913年冬天奥尼尔因肺结核不得不疗养治病。这段时间他广泛阅读世界戏剧名著。1916年他的独幕剧《东航卡迪夫》上演。这标志着奥尼尔漫长且成功的戏剧生涯的开始，也标志着美国戏剧现代化时代的到来。奥尼尔的一生赢得了众多奖项。1920年到1922年间，他的《天边外》和《安娜·克里斯蒂》分别获得普利策奖。1936年他获得了诺贝尔文学奖。

2.Artistic characteristics（艺术特点）

(1)O’Neill was a tireless experimentalist in dramatic art.He took drama away from the old tradition of the last century and rooted it deeply in life.He introduced the realistic or even the naturalistic aspect of life into the American theater.The stylistic aspect of O’Neill’s art merits notice for its variety and its display of consummate craftsmanship.

(2)He borrowed freely from the best traditions of European drama,be it Greek tragedies,or the realism of Ibsen,or the expressionism of Strindberg,and fused them into the organic art of his own.He borrowed freely from modern literary techniques such as the stream-of-consciousness device with the help of which he managed to reveal the emotional and psychological complexities of modern man.

(3)He paid attention to the usage of setting and stage property.O’Neill’s ceaseless experimentation enriched American drama and influenced later playwrights.He was regarded as the American Shakespeare.

(1)奥尼尔坚持不懈地革新戏剧艺术，他把戏剧从19世纪的传统束缚中解放出来，使之深深地扎根于现实生活。他首次把现实主义乃至自然主义的手法引进美国戏剧中，他的艺术以多样化及精深圆熟而著称。

(2)他大胆借鉴欧洲戏剧传统中的精华，诸如希腊悲剧、易卜生现实主义及斯特林堡表现主义等，并把它们融入到自己的艺术中。他还大胆借鉴现代派文学技巧，如意识流手法，这有助于他揭露现代人情感及心理上的复杂性。

(3)此外，他还特别重视布景和道具的使用。奥尼尔不懈的创新丰富了美国戏剧、影响

了后来的剧作家。他被誉为“美国的莎士比亚”。

3.Major Works（主要作品）

Bound East for Cardiff(1916)《东航加的夫》

In the Zone(1917)《在这一带》

The Long Voyage Home(1917)《漫长的返航》

The Moon of the Caribees(1918)《加勒比的月亮》Beyond the Horizon(1918)《天边外》

Emperor Jones(1920)《琼斯皇帝》

The Hairy Ape(1922)《毛猿》

Desire Under the Elms(1924)《榆树下的欲望》

All God’s Chillun Got Wings(1924)《上帝的儿女都有翅膀》The Great God Brown(1926)《大神布朗》

Strange Interlude(1928)《奇异的插曲》

Mourning Becomes Electra(1931)《悲悼》

Days without End(1933)《日子没有尽头》

The Iceman Cometh(1939)《送冰的人来了》

A Touch of the Poet《诗人的气质》

Long Day’s Journey Into Night《长日终入夜》

Hughie(1941)《休依》

The Moon for the Misbegotten(1943)《月照不幸人》More Stately Mansions《更庄严的大厦》