高考英语 阅读理解主旨大意题专项突破
高考英语冲刺阅读理解的主旨大意题解题技巧
高考英语冲刺阅读理解的主旨大意题解题技巧在高考英语中，阅读理解占据着相当重要的地位，而其中的主旨大意题更是考查考生综合理解和把握文章核心内容的关键题型。
对于即将参加高考的同学们来说，掌握有效的解题技巧来应对主旨大意题，是提高阅读理解分数的重要途径。
一、了解主旨大意题的常见提问方式首先，我们要熟悉主旨大意题常见的提问形式。
比如：“What is the main idea of the passage?” 、“The passage is mainly about” 、“Which ofthe following best expresses the main idea of the passage?” 等等。
通过对这些常见提问方式的了解，我们能够在阅读文章时更有针对性地去寻找主旨。
二、阅读文章时要抓关键1、关注文章的开头和结尾很多文章在开头就会点明主题，或者在结尾处进行总结概括。
所以，在阅读时要特别留意开头和结尾的段落，这往往是揭示主旨的关键所在。
2、留意段落的主题句通常，每个段落都会有一个主题句，它能够概括该段落的主要内容。
主题句可能出现在段首、段中或段尾。
如果能够准确找到段落的主题句，对于理解整篇文章的主旨会有很大帮助。
3、注意文中的转折词和总结词像“but”、“however”等转折词，以及“therefore”、“thus”等总结词后面的内容，往往包含着重要的信息，可能会指向文章的主旨。
三、排除干扰选项1、以偏概全的选项这类选项往往只涉及文章的某一部分内容，而不能涵盖整篇文章的主旨。
2、过于具体的细节选项虽然是文章中提到的内容，但只是具体的细节，不能代表文章的整体大意。
3、与文章内容无关的选项有些选项可能与文章的主题毫无关联，很容易被排除。
4、主观臆断的选项这类选项是根据自己的想法推测出来的，而非基于文章的内容。
四、归纳总结文章主旨在理解了文章的大致内容，并排除了干扰选项后，我们需要对文章的主旨进行归纳总结。
新高考适用2023版高考英语二轮总复习第1部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意题
第一部分专题一第4讲A(2022·山东省泰安市高三一模)Imagine that one day you live in a highly immersive (身临其境) virtual world.You can go to a virtual concert, take a trip online, view or create artworks and try on or buy digital clothing.Amid a pandemic like COVID-19, instead of seeing teachers and classmates on a video call screen, you could join them in a virtual classroom.This may help you understand the concept, metaverse.The term metaverse refers to a shared virtual 3D world in which people can access via the Internet.Currently, most virtual spaces look more like the inside of a video game than real life.However, metaverseʼs made the digital spaces more realistic by the use of virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR, 增强现实).Metaverse was first used in Neal Stephensonʼs novel SnowCrash in 1992.The novel is about Hiro, a pizza delivery man by day and a VR superhero by night who lives in an online universe called The Metaverse.“He is in a computer-generated universe that his computer is drawing onto his glasses and pulling into his earphones，” the novel says of the city that everyone pops into in VR.The idea rings in many other works, for example, in ReadyPlayerOne directed by Steven Spielberg.In recent years, metaverse has become the latest popular word to capture the tech industryʼs imagination so much that one of the best-known Internet platforms is renamed to embrace the futuristic idea—Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently announced that he changed his companyʼs name to Meta.Tech companies are also dedicated to exploring metaverse-related products.Facebook has launched meeting software for companies, called Horizon Workrooms, to use with VR headsets.The headsets cost $300 or more, putting the metaverseʼs most cutting-edge (尖端的) experiences out of reach for many.For users who can afford it, they can enter the virtual worlds created by different companies.Fans of metaverse see it as the next stage in the development of the Internet.So, do you expect the coming of metaverse?1．What can be inferred about metaverse？________A．It is a video game like real life.B．It is a parallel universe imagined by scientists.C．It gives us a real life in a virtual world.D．It can protect yourself from a pandemic.2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？________A．The fiction SnowCrash.B．The origin of metaverse.C．A VR superhero.D．The film ReadyPlayerOne.3．Why did Facebook CEO use Meta as his companyʼs name？________A.Metaverse has become more popular.B．He lives in a virtual world every day.C．Facebook is the best-known Internet platform.D．He has accepted the idea of metaverse.4．What can we know from the text about VR headsets？________A．They are very cheap for most of us.B．Their users can experience a virtual world.C．Horizon Workroom donʼt need them at all.D．They will bring us into the final stage of the Internet.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么是虚拟空间(metaverse)、其产生的由来及运用。
突破高考英语四选一阅读之主旨大意题讲义-高考英语二轮复习
突破高考英语四选一阅读之主旨大意题主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类题目不仅考查考生速读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
该题型主要包括标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
一、标题归纳题【热点考向一】标题归纳题——高度概括定标题)【典例】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B)Turning soil，pulling weeds，and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.And at first it is，says Abby Jaramillo，who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts，a school garden program at four low－income schools.The program aims to help students develop science skills，environmental awareness，and healthy lifestyles.Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores.“The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，”she says.“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful，dirt is awful，insects are awful.”Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt，most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts’ classes，at two middle schools and two high schools，include hands－on experiments such as soil testing，flower－and－seed dissection，tastings of fresh or dried produce，and work in the garden.Several times a year，students cook the vegetables they grow，and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. ...She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetablegardens.Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside，”she says，“and they feel successful.”27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Rescuing School GardensB.Experiencing Country LifeC.Growing Vegetable LoversD.Changing Local Landscape自主解答：________【图解技巧】1.运用4种方法解题2.结合3大特点解题3.排除3种错误选项【实战应用】根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts...and healthy lifestyles.”和最后一段的“Some students get so interestedin gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。
03 阅读专项之主旨大意题-2024高考英语重点题型
wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded
a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing
portions（份）, it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social
influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women
主题句通常在首段
记人
主题句通常在末段
记事
主题句通常在首段或末段
主题句通常在首段或根据小标题来判断
议论文
主题句通常在首段或末段
文章大意题之学以致用
B Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition (认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转 )and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higherincome parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls. The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
高考英语 阅读理解主旨大意题专项突破
阅读理解突破(一)——主旨大意题1．主旨大意题的设题方式(1)What is the passage mainly about?(2)What is the main problem being discussed in the passage?(3)What is the main idea of this passage?(4)The passage is mainly about________.(5)Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?(6)The main idea of the passage is________.(7)Which of the following statements best summarizes the author’s main point?(8)This paragraph centers/focuses on________.(9)This passage is chiefly concerned with________.(10)The author’s p urpose in writing this passage is________.(11)What is the best title for the passage?2．解题策略——如何寻找主题句(1)读首句抓大意。
说明文、议论文等文章的主题句多放在文章开头,抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的中心,因此要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
(2)读尾句抓大意。
有时文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾,作为全篇的总结。
(3)读首尾抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句,这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用的两次点题的写作方法。
通常前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面点题是进一步的总结,是引申,是发展。
(4)从段落中抓大意。
2022届高考英语阅读理解专题突破之主旨大意课件
尾 (结论或总结)
段 (分总分式)主题句有时在段中(前面 中 的话是为引出主题)
无 主 虽无主题句，但可以通过一些关键 题 词或相似结构归纳出主题 句
范例1 (2020全国卷ⅠD)
真题再现
The connection between people and plants has long
been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies
决定。议论文主要是论述作者的某个 观点,往往采用“总—分—总”的模式,即 第一段提出论点,然后是论据部分,最后 一段得出结论(论点的重申),所以主题 句常在第一段或最后一段;
说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或 制作过程,主题句一般在首段; 有时也 在尾段；
而新闻报道却是报道一个人物事 迹或重大事件等,主题句常出现在首段 首句;
记叙文一般没有明显的主题句, 需 要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括 文章大意, 但是如果文章末段出现说 理性的句子,则这个句子很可能为主题 句。
真题再现 （范例6 2020天津）For people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound. Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can’t let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器).
2025届高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及真题练习+课件
标 题
归
段落大意题 纳
文章大意题
题
主旨大意题(段落大意、文章大意、标题归纳) 旨在考查考生对段落大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力 1.段落大意题 ① What does the author tell us in paragraph...? ② Which of the following can best summarize para....? ③ What is the...paragraph mainly about? 2.文章大意题 ① What’s the main idea/point of the passage? ② Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? ③ Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage? 3.标题归纳题 ① Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ② What would be the best title for the passage?
...“I was deeply attracted by the techniques. You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from the very smooth porcelain body, silky glaze(上 釉 )and special blue coloring, which were never reproduced in later dynasties,” McAteer, an auction specialist, said...
广东高考英语阅读理解考点突破----主旨大意
disease and eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the world.
主题句呈现的形式
主题句出现在文章或段落开头 时，先提出主题, 随之用细节 来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所 表达的主题思想. 最常见的演 绎法写作方式。
主题句出现在文章或段落 结尾时， 在表述细节后,归 纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或 结果, 以概括主题. 这是英 语中最常见的归纳法写作 方式。
Sample 2
topic sentence ？
On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates（旱冰鞋）. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time!
Passage Sample 4A English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the world's radio programs are in English. The topic sentence is the
超实用高考英语复习：专题03 第三讲 主旨大意题 (阅读理解题型突破)【易错点】
专题03 主旨大意题---阅读理解题型突破距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【考点解读】主旨大意题主要涉及记叙文、议论文和说明文。
话题广泛，如人物故事类、科普说明类、社会文化类等都可以考查主旨大意。
【命题方向】【设问方式】1.What is the text mainly about?2.What does the passage focus on?3.What message does the author convey in the text?4.What’s the best title of the passage?【选项特征】正确选项：1.范围恰当2.概括性强3.精准到位干扰项：1.以偏概全2.概括过度3.偷梁换柱4.无中生有【解题策略】【主题句定位策略】文章是由段落组成的。
段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。
2022届高考英语二轮复习：主旨大意题专项突破
创新导学案 ·二轮热点聚焦专题突破 ·英语
第一部分 专题突破 创新导学案 ·二轮热点聚焦专题突破 ·英语
第一部分 专题突破 题型2 全文主旨类
在寻找和归纳全文主旨时，我们应注意以下几点： 1．关注文章的首段，尤其是其中符合主题句特点的句 子，留意下文是否有对该句的解释和细节支撑。 2．快速通读文章主体部分的每一段，寻找每一段的主 题句，判断各个段落是否与文章开头或结尾的主题句相 呼应。
创新导学案 ·二轮热点聚焦专题突破 ·英语
第一部分 专题突破 【解析】 通过文章最后一段第一句“we hope that such
attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion”可知，本段主要谈论对未来关于 情商研究的期望。
第一部分 专题突破 【典例】 (2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)．.. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional
intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
2023年高考英语二轮复习第一部分阅读能力突破篇专题一阅读理解第4讲主旨大意题
lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip
Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for
第一部分 专题一 阅读理解
高考二轮总复习 • 英语 新教材
返回导航
【解题示范】 第一步：阅读文章，概括文章大意。文章主要介绍 了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉；
第二步：分析各选项，进行斟酌判断，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主 旨。通读全文，再结合第一段“Coffinʼs cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shaperecognition abilities to a human two-year-old.(科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原 产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似。)”可知， 本 文 主 要 介 绍 了 会 识 别 形 状 的 凤 头 鹦 鹉 。 选 项 “Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为 本文标题。故选D。
第一部分 专题一 阅读理解
高考二轮总复习 • 英语 新教材
返回导航
技法点拨 1．定位主题句确定文章大意 文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找 到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。 一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难 度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细 节内容。
2020高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破一：阅读理解专题之主旨大意.pdf
专题1 阅读理解专题之----主旨大意题【设问形式】1.主旨大意题之标题归纳题常见设问形式：1）What may/can be the best title for the text?2）The best title for the text would be______.3）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?4）What might be the most suitable title for the text?....2.主旨大意题之主题归纳题常见的设问形式：1）The main idea of the passage is…2）The passage is mainly about…3）Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?4）What is the passage mainly about?......【考查方式】高考阅读理解主旨大意题的考查旨在考查学生对一篇文章或一个段落的深层次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题、标题设题。
这类题目一般考查：概括总结文章的主题、文章标题、段落大意等。
它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括和总结，要求学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力，辨别筛选信息的能力。
1.主旨大意题之标题归纳题解题思路：在阅读理解中，通常利用找中心句来确定文章标题。
首先通读文章，找到文章的中心句，根据中心句的关键词来确定最佳标题。
同时，在选标题的时候还要注意以下几个问题：1）首先要在对原文的理解基础上仔细考虑所选标题是否符合文章的中心思想，同时关注标题对文章的内容的覆盖性如何，避免题目范围过大或过小。
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧之主旨大意题讲义
主旨大意题一、总体解题思路1、宏观上分清文章体裁（记叙文、科普类的说明文议论文）和捋清文章行文脉络二、记叙文：主旨一般在首段和尾段出现（扫读重点关注首尾段各段首尾句或第二句以及转折处句子）第1篇I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voiceand they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.and an addedsource(来源) ofAs a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]既然是记叙文一般就从首尾段找主旨I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]从首尾段提取主题词可以快速缩小选择范围提高准确率即微观上要抓住主题词那么主题词特征有以下几个●反复高频出现●绝大多数以名词为主动词和形容词为辅●出现时往往前有铺垫后有解释说明I和library 就是反复出现高频词并且说的就是I和library的关系优先排除A和B 都属于无中生有显然Young属于偷换概念只有D 和主题词切合并且逻辑关系是呼应的即I和library的关系第2篇Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume thatmore is more when it es to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about being a doctor)For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, pletely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.[ 2018全国III卷D ]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子（每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到）Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that提取首尾段首先排除A 和D 显然文中没有提及属于无中生有文中是帮助孩子学习而B的向孩子学习显然属于颠倒逻辑答案C就是直接来自首段尾句其实当文章自问自答或者提出了问题那么后面的回答就是文章的主题三、科普类文章：主旨一般与研究结果或专家建议观点紧密相关快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论第3篇We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.What's the problem? It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's challenging, or we think it's unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big advantages. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social munication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just municate with them."In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to look for an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their waiter reported higher positive (积极的) feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband." says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also."Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a greater sense of belonging (归属感), a relationship with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners." he says [2018II卷D篇]通过每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找出观点结论性的词句We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.首段只是一个铺垫而第二段but转折词后面信息才是关键信息，Small talk是在文中反复出现的高频词文章结构属于总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释科普类文章的一大特点提出一个现象或问题再提出观点结论然后进行解释说明首先就可以排除A和C 那么B和D 那个和主旨更切合呢B和D结构相同都是of结构显然D文中并没有提到ways，而是反复在讲advantages第4篇We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.Oh Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of seadwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea.' In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at highthere were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]显然首段的首句就是一种观点，第二句又用科学研究发现来进一步证实另外evolution及近义词是反复出现的高频词文章属于总分结构：总观点+分别解释这道题难在出题者对选项答案进行了巧妙化处理并没有直接使用文中的词句故意进行了变换增加了难度和迷惑性不过可以先使用排除法B选项skills文中并未提及属于无中生有，偏离文章主题D 选项中的字眼Best绝对化像这样的选项除非文中明确指出来了，否则带有绝对性字眼的选项不要选另外文中说的是better而非best C选项methods文中也未提到属于无中生有正面分析 A 选项关键词就是remodeled 进行拆分re再次ed过去分词表完成状态model 模式模型——再模型化——重构改型含义=evolution出题者为了增加难度往往把正确答案设定成原文词的同义词近义词或短语第5篇Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overing this very tiny big problem? lt's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案). "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers e and really do an inperson review, and..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hoursand..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）首段提出问题but转折之后的尾句才是关键信息而第二段首句直接给出观点回答问题，NASA HUNCH是反复出现的词典型的总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释提出问题解决问题解释说明其实有时候归纳出文章主旨并不难，而难在出题人在选项上故意设置陷阱迷惑我们，刁难大家让你误入歧途所以我们要紧紧抓住主旨去排除错误选项，选择正确选项本文主旨说的是NASA的HUNCH项目与high school classrooms之间关系HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 那么首先可以排除A和C 因为A只讲了NASA 而后面的the home 纯属无中生有而C选项Nature是属于偷换概念用于代替NASA显然不对另外文中也没有提及outdoor classroom那么D中虽然有HUNCH 但后面讲的是大学准入改革而HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. 说的是有影响并不是说HUNCH program就是准入改革风马牛不相及只有B选项提到了Space 与NASA有关对应后面还提到homework与high school classrooms 紧密相关对应B选项同时把space和homework联系起来与文中主旨NASA与high school classrooms联系是呼应的贴合的总结解主旨题要把明确文章体裁握住文章的行文脉络和结构从每段首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找主旨段主旨句主题词从而归纳出主旨还要紧扣主旨去选择和排除那么具有迷惑性的错误答案另外明确了文章了主旨对于读懂文章和做其他题型都有帮助毕竟主旨对全文和所有的题都有统摄作用作者不可能偏离主题去写文章出题者也不可能偏离主题去出题。
专题3 题型突破—主旨大意题-备考2023年高考英语历年阅读理解真题专题解析 (原卷版)(全国通用)
专题03 题型突破—主旨大意题题型分析思维品质体现英语学科核心素养的心智特征，而主旨大意题较好地反映了学生的思维品质。
主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文章正确获取文章主旨，推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意、中心思想的能力，即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。
它既考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力。
此类题目可分为三大类:标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
【选项特征】正确选项特征: 概括性强范围恰当精准到位干扰选项特征: 以偏概全偷梁换柱无中生有概括过度解题策略技法一标题归纳题“高度概括”定标题记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。
【设问方式】1. What is the best title for the text?2. Which of the following is the best title for the text?3. What can be a suitable title for the text?4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?5.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?此类试题的解题流程如下:关键词法--多次出现的词语或观点是体现主旨的关键词主题句法--依主题句定中心词穿珠连串法--从文章细节中找共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，断定标题逆向思维法--考虑四个选项的可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳标题概括精准融合标题统领全文醒目新颖,只含某个细节排除干扰项概括范围宽,超出文章内容包含文中未提及的信息「感悟真题·体验技法」(2022·浙江1月·C)The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever growing list. New research found that middle aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(痴呆症)in later lifeand if they did,it came on a decade later than less sporty women.Lead researcher Dr Helen a Hörder,of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said:“These findings are exciting because it's possible that improving people's cardiovascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”For the study,191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity. The average peak work- load was measured at 103 watts.A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher, while 92 women were in the medium fit- ness category. A total of 59 were of low fitness level,with a peak workload of 80 watts or less,or having their tests stopped because of health problems.These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time,44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia,compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.“However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and de- mentia, it only shows an association,” said Hörder.“More research is needed to see if im- proved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.” She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied,all of whom were from Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent DementiaB.Middle Aged Women Need to Do More ExerciseC. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop DementiaD. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness答案C解析标题归纳题。
高考英语阅读理解专项突破之主旨大意题解答策略与技巧课件
教育部2023高考大纲: 阅读理解部分“要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、 广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能: (1) 理解主旨和要义; (2)理解文中具体信息; (3)根据上下文推断生词的词义; (4)作出简单判断和推理; (5)理解文章的基本结构; (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 下面主要讲我们在最后阶段应如何快速提高解答阅读理解题(主旨大意题)的准确率和速度。
主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式
（2）Main purpose 型
选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到某句话、某段话或者谋篇文章的主要写作目的。 常见以下几种题干形式:
①What’s the purpose of the passage/paragraph 2? ②The passage is meant to ③The purpose of the article/paragraph 1 is to ④In this passage/ paragraph 2, the writer tries to tell us that ⑤The passage/ paragraph 3 tells us that ⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage/ paragraph 1 is to
主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式
（1）Main idea 型
选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。 题干形式大多数为：
2024届高考英语复习：阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧课件
事实依据----层层推理----得出结论(主题)
广告类 哲理性故事
解题方法
1) 主旨大意题
• 主题句在文首 • 主题句在文中 • 主题句在文末
主题句定位法
Hale Waihona Puke 4Everyone can experience anger sometimes. But not everyone can control it properly.
To some people, controlling anger seems like the hardest thing in the world to do. Control these by talking to yourself in your own mind,when you experience unwanted feeling. By talking it over in your own head you can work out how you will best deal with the situation. Anger control can also be achieved by communicating with others with honesty. You can effectively train yourself to respond to situations without getting annoyed about things. It is important to remember it is possible for everyone to get angry and therefore. Controling it is the real challenge. (5) 高频词 围绕某个主题展开的---反复出现的中心词即高频词，也叫做主题词
高中英语攻克阅读理解之主旨题专项讲解及练习
攻克阅读理解之主旨题专项讲解及练习一：分布说明文、议论文、记叙文（BCD）均有考查。
二：类型考查段落大意或者文章大意居多。
三：解决说明文：观察开头、结尾以及段首句，寻找多次出现的词或句。
议论文：开头部分要去选择包含论点的部分+结尾总结部分，少数情况可以再去参考分论点。
记住：不可将分论点作为文章主要内容，避免以偏概全。
记叙文：多跟文章结尾有很大关系，也可参考段落首句。
【可运用假设法，假如文章标题为这个，文章内容应该是什么？与现有文章进行对比也可得出最后结论】四：练习1.Which would be the best title for this passage?A. Identify News StoriesB. Be digital smartC. Research into the InternetD. Be a smart advertiserPicture this: You’re searching the Internet and e across a website with interesting articles. Some are news stories. Their goal is to share information. Others only look like news stories. They’re actually advertisements, or ads. The goal of an ad is to get you to buy something. How do you, the reader, tell the difference between a news story and an ad?…As a reader, you have a right to know who’s behind the information you’re consuming. So look for the phrase sponsored content. (And look carefully. Sometimes, it will be written in tiny letters.) The Internet is a vast sea of information. To use it well, we not only have to know how to swim but also how to avoid the sharks.2. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A. Google was successful in training doctors.B. Google developed artificial intelligence to help doctors.C. Artificial intelligence can study patient data.D. Artificial intelligence will replace doctors in the future.Google previously announced successful tests of machine learning systems designed to assist doctors. In one case, Google reported AI had examined eye diseases with equal accuracy to doctors. Other tests showed that machine learning can be used to study large amounts of patient data to predict future medical events3. What’ s the main idea of the passage?A. Fish possess no level of intelligence.B. Humans are not unique in intelligence.C. AIs will be able to understand our thoughts.D. Selfawareness is a big mystery of the mind.We like to think that the human mind is special. One sign of our superiority is selfawareness, which is generally seen as the peak of consciousness. Only a select group of species has passed the test of being able to recognise themselves in a mirror. Most, including elephants, apes and dolphins, are smart. But now a little fish, the cleaner wrasse has bee the first fish ever to pass the mirror testa classic experiment used to judge selfawareness in animals. What are we to make of this?…Researchers have created a set of tests to look for theory of mind in artificial intelligenceand some systems are on the point of passing. No AIs have passed the tests yet, but one got extremely close. We probably don’t need to worry about robots that can recognise themselves in mirrors. But we might want to be more open to the idea that human intelligence isn’t quite as special as we like to think.4. What might be the best title of the passage?A. A game controlled with mindB. A machine leading to the futureC. Neurable: king of tomorrowD. Neurology: a cuttingedge zoneSAN FRANCISCO When you pull the headset over your eyes and the game begins, you are transported to a tiny room with white walls. Your task is to break out of the room, but you cannot use your hands. There is no joystick or game pad. You must use your thoughts.…At Neurable, which is based in Boston, Alcaide and the member of his team are pushing the limits of EEG headsets. Although sensors can read electrical brain activity from outside the skull, it is very difficult to separate the signal from the noise. Using puter algorithms (算法) based on research that Alcaide originally published as a doctoral student at the University ofMichigan, Neurable works to read activity with a speed and accuracy that is not usually possible. The algorithms learn from your behavior. Before playing the game, you train them to recognize when you are focusing your attention on an object. A pulse of light bounces around the virtual room, and each time it hits a small colored ball in front of you, you think about the ball. At that moment, when you focus on the light and it stimulates your brain, the system reads the electrical spikes of your brain activity. “Once we understand them, we can use them.” Alcaide expects.5. The last paragraph is mainly aboutA. the battle over the widespread use of neonicotinoidsB. the debate about the harm by neonicotinoids to beesC. factors of influence on the present situation of beesD. doubts about current political or regulatory systemsBut industry groups and some scientists say the evidence still isn’t conclusive. The picture is plicated: some studies show harm to some bees in some circumstances, while others find no harm. The results seem to be affected by many factors, including the species of bee and the kinds of crops involved. Scientists working on the question say any new study is instantly picked at by advocates on both sides. Even the results of the largest study on the matter, funded by the agrochemical industry, failed to produce a consensus. It’s likely that political or regulatory decisions will settle the matter before opposing parties agree.6. Which can be the most suitable title for the passage?A. The rise of DinosaursB. Seeking new evidence of CPEC. Footprints in the MudD. Tracking down the truthIt is believed that a period of mass extinction, which happened between 234 and 232 million years ago during the Triassic period, enabled the booming of dinosaurs. This extinction is thought to have been caused by a period of unstable climate called the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE), in which the climate went from dry, to wet, to dry again four times over the course of 2m years.…The result was that Dr Bernardi and his colleagues were able to establish accurate dates for the various ichnoassociations they had catalogued, confirming that those associations precisely run through the Carnian Pluvial Episode, thus matching the bone evidence in South America. That is clear evidence the dinosaurs were indeed the beneficiaries of the CPE, though why they did better than other groups is not yet understood.7. The passage is mainly about ______.A. an appeal against genetic editingB. a new frontier in fertility treatmentC. a controversial policy under discussionD. an anxious couple seeking fertility treatmentWhen Noah Shulman was born a few days after Christmas 2016, his parents Kristelle and Evan had no reason to worry about him. Everything went smoothly. But within a few days of taking his first breath, Noah began to struggle. After a painful month of medical emergencies, the Shulmans learned that their son had a rare genetic disease that affected his mitochondria (线粒体). Unfortunately, there are no treatments for mitochondrial disorders, as it’s not yet possible to repair or alter the affected mitochondrial genes using gene therapy (疗法).…Kristelle and Evan will still have to wait but they believe that time will have been well spent if it leads to new ways for people to have families. “Even if it doesn’t work out for us now, we hope one day it will for everyone affected by mitochondrial diseases,” says Kristelle.8. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.…The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.9. The best title of the passage will most probably be ______A. Train Your BodyB. Think Hard and Work HardC. Make Informed DecisionsD. Train Your Mind.Everyone knows you must exercise regularly to keep good health. Indeed, staying physically fit is a bigpart of our culture. We consider (or rightly so) that healthy people are attractivepeople. Since most of uswant to be attractive, there is no shortage of exercise clubs, training videos, magazines and books offering tohelp us stay physically fit.Unfortunately, however, our culture doesn’t place the same emphasis (重视) on mental fitness. Althoughwe tend to like men and women with strong, healthylooking bodies, we don’t have the same degree of respect or attraction for smart, educated, mentally healthy people. This is a pity, because there are great rewards for people who have developed the ability to think well.…The key to developing such skills is to enjoy learning, and to have the ability and motivation to teach yourself.10. Which of the following might be the best title of this passage?A. The Promotion SatisfactionB. The Promotion CurseC. The Promotion StrategiesD. The Promotion ProspectIs your promotion really necessary? Many workers focus their hopes on climbing the scale of their organizations. The prospect of higher pay helps explain their ambition, but so does the greater status that es with each successive (连续的) title.…So that shiny promotion may not be for everyone. Beware the curse of overwork and dissatisfaction. Some people like to devote their whole lives to their job and be at the centre of events. It is best to let them get on with it.11. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Should we encourage more cycling in the city?B. Should cyclists register and license their bikes?C. What does “sharing the road” mean to cyclists?D. How can road safety be guaranteed for cyclists?We are fortunate to live in a city that encourages bicycling as a means of transportation. Our local government has promoted bicycling by improving bike lanes and increasing the number of them. The growing number of cyclists, however, brings this question to mind: should bicyclists be required to share the responsibilities of the road? Automobile drivers have to take petency tests, follow established regulations, and accept punishment for breaking rules. The city requests drivers to register and license their vehicles to ensure accountability (责任). Bicyclists who use public roadways should be held accountable, too.…Many U.S. cities and towns now implement bike registration and licensing. A statute (法规) from one. California town stats that the laws regulating bicycles have a dual purpose, antitheft and safety. I’m eager to see more bicyclists on the road, and I’m hoping for riders who take their responsibilities seriously.12.The author of this passage aims to ______.A. advocate following new fashionsB. oppose drinking with close friendsC. encourage independent thinkingD. advise seeking help from expertsTruth is subjective. If there is one word of advice I would leave to my children it would be, you’re better off being DIFFERENT. If the majority of people are doing something and you choose to be a part of it then you’re probably on a fast track to selfdestruction.…Find your happiness. Not the temporary satisfaction from substance less material things. Take a break from consulting your many Facebook psychologists. Think on your own for a change. Evaluate your current status and plan for where you want to be.13. What can be a suitable title for the text? ______A. The Books of SummerB. My Summer HolidaysC. To Read or Not to ReadD. It’s Never Too Late to ReadI start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. Often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental: Moby Dick on a threeday crosscountry train trip: The Magic Mountain in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond. Attempting The Man Without Qualities on a return to Hawaii, my native state, however, was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes (册), then decided that I'd got the point and went swimming instead.But this summer I find myself at a loss….And then there’s Stendhal’s The Red and the Black, which happens to be the name of my favorite cocktail (鸡尾酒) of the summer, created by Michael Cecconi at Savoy and Back Forty. It is easy to drink, and knocking back three or four seems like such a delightful idea. Cecconi’s theory: “I take whatever’s fresh at the greenmarket and turn it into liquid.” The result is a pure shot of afternoon in the park, making one feel cheerful and peaceful all at once, lying on uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating through the lids... …14. What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story? ______A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.B. A youth is to be regarded with respect.C. Positive thinking and action result in success.D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied.Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy, By the time she was 13, her pany was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a supersweet treat that could save kids’ teeth, instead of destroying them.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar….With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and toothfriendly….Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground….As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young Entrepreneur…. Meanwhile, with her parents’ help. Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her pany early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.15. According to the author, it is important for dyslexic people ______.A. to develop reading skillsB. not to give up so easilyC. to learn to spell correctlyD. not to get out of schoolIn the seventh grade I realized I was dyslexic, which made it difficult for me to read and spell. I did really badly in my history course, so my mother said to me, “I’ll work with you for a full week. I’m going to show you what you can do if you put in the right amount of effort.” So we did. We worked on history for a full week, an extra hour every day. Then I went to school and failed the test, as always. It was really upsetting.…The real fear that I have for dyslexic people is not that they have to struggle with their reading skills or that they can’t spell correctly, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school.16. What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his family support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too old to learn.A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.…Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.17. The best title of the passage might be ______.A. Love You, Love Your MessB. Love is blind, Love is messyC. The Wedding PhotosD. A Loving Old Couple.Everything was put neatly into my suitcase. I’m a flight attendant. I’m so organized, my half of the closet could be a display at The Container Store. My husband’s half of the closet? Just thinking about it made my headache. I carried my suitcase downstairs. Bill was in the kitchen cooking. Looking at the messy kitchen. I shouted，“Why do you have to be so messy? ” Bill looked hurt, “What?” I sighed and left for the airport.On my last flight, an elderly couple had the seats in my section. …His words circled in my head long after we landed. …I took out my cell phone and called Bill. “I miss you already.” I said. “I miss you too, Kim,” he said. As soon as my flights were over, I rushed home. Bill met me at the door. “I have a surprise for you.” he said and led me into the kitchen. I glanced around the room. He really had worked hard. In spite of the fingerprints on that microwave floor, I could see our reflection in it: my husband and I, our smiles glowing with love for each other, just like in our wedding photos.18. What is the passage mainly about？A. Jessica’s memories of Gisele．B. Gisele’s influence on Jessica．C. The photographs taken by Gisele．D. The achievements made by Jessica．Some photographers have the good fortune to find a mentor in their young years who both inspires and encourages them．Jessica Backhaus found one in Gisele Freund, the great French photographer remembered for her portraits (肖像）of artists, especially writers．Gisele was a wonderful, sensitive portraitist whose pictures of Virginia Woolf，Andre Gide, James Joyce, George Bernard Shaw, Jean Cocteau, and a long list of wellknown artists are unforgettable．Jessica, a young photographer from Germany, was studying photography in Paris when she met the famous Gisele Freund, on November 5, 1992．…One day，before Jessica moved to New York，Gisele suggested that she write about their friendship．…The excellent photographs from her book can be seen in a splendid exhibition at Laurence Miller Gallery，along with a series of pictures from three of her other books：Jesus and the Cherries, portraits taken in a Polish village where time stood still; What Still Remains, pictures of objects left behind; and a new book of light reflections on water, I Wanted to See the World. All are guided by Gisele’s advice and all are quite wonderful．19. What is the best title for the passage?A. NORMAL.B. HEALTHY.C. HOPEFUL.D. PERFECT.The eyeliner makes the dark circles less pronounced. The lip gloss hides the trembling. The ponytail (马尾辫) masks missing patches of hair. I might look at bit thinner, but everyone will ask about my new diet.One hour of preparation and I look like myself. One hour out of 24. Sometimes I wonder if it’s worth it wasting a twentyfourth of my day on a lie.…Keys in hand, I open the door and blink in the early morning sun. Perfect.20. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Miracle of the Coastguard.B. Surviving a Hurricane.C. Dangers in the Wild.D. ing Back from the Dead.When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what es naturally. The fouryearold dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran along the edge of a cliff (悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.…The dog had initially been knocked unconscious (失去知觉的) but had survived by drinking water from a fresh stream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry,” Steve Tregear said. “It was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added.It was, as Mr. Holden admitted, “a minor miracle (奇迹)”.21. What is mainly talked about in the passage?A. The importance of a good wife.B. The influence of a moral example.C. The achievements of Fred and his wife.D. The making of Fred Rogers.Fred Rogers was a curious man, six feet tall and without pretense (虚伪). He liked to pray, to play the piano, to swim, and to write, and he somehow lived in a different world than I did. We became friends for some 20 years, and I made lifelong friends with his wife, Joanne. I remember thinking that it seemed as if Fred had access to another realm (领域) like the way pigeons have some special magnetic pass that helps them find home.…Fred wanted to be like his grandfather. “He taught me all kinds of really neat stuff!” he told me. “I remember one day my grandmother and my mother were telling me to get down, or not to climb, and my grandfather said: ‘Let the kid climb on the wall! He’s got to learn to do things for himself!’ I heard that. I will never forget that. What a support that was. He had a lot of stone walls on his place.” “I think it was when I was leaving one time to go home after our time together,” Fred told me, “that my grandfather said to me: ‘You know, you made this day a really special day. Just by being yourself. There’s only one person in the world like you. And I happen to like you just the way you are.”22. What does the third paragraph talk about?A. A strong desire to be invited to eat out like the rich.B. A mixed feeling of guilt and pleasure about eating out.C. A mixed feeling of guilt and pleasure going into private property.D. A special treat to be able to go into private property for fun.Then I stopped cooking altogether. “She’s joined the leisure class,” my friends said. I disarmed (消解怒气) my critics by inviting them along; nobody I knew could afford to eat out and nobody refused. We went with equal amounts of guilt and pleasure, with a feeling that we were trespassing (入侵) on the playgrounds of the rich.23. What’s the best title of the passage?A. A figure who worked up to her fameB. A girl who asked questionsC. A woman who was ignored by male workmatesD. A scientist who was crazy about mathsAs she ran her eyes over the flighttest calculation sheets the engineer had given her, Katherine Goble could see there was something wrong with them. The engineer had made an error with a square root (平方根). And it was going to be tricky to tell him so. It was her first day on this assignment, when she and another girl had been picked out of the puting pool at the largely aeronautical laboratory, to help the allmale flight research unit.…Do your best, she always said. Love what you do. Be constantly curious. And learn that it isnot dumb to ask a question; it is dumb not to ask it. Not least, because it might lead to the small but significant victory of making a selfproclaimed superior realise he can make a mistake.24. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Say No to Disney PrincessesB. Rescue YourselvesC. Doing Something RightD. Practice Critical ThinkingActors Keira Knightley and Kristen Bell have both mented on their worries about using Disney princesses as role models for their children.On a famous talk show, Knightley said her daughter (who was born in 2015) was “banned” from watching Cinderella,…Knightley added that she had also forbidden The Little Mermaid, the 1989 cartoon…Bell, the star of Frozen, expressed her disapproval of the Snow White fairy tale…Bell, who played a Disney princess in Frozen, said she also used the story to illustrate issues about permission….Bell later responded to criticism on social media. To one user she wrote: “Everything is a message to our children, because they are sponges (海绵) that soak up everything and are learning how to be adults through what they see. I want my girls to see and practice critical thinking and respectful behavior.”25. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Her Sweet FamilyB. Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Her Life ExperienceC. Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Her Great Love StoryD. Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Her Fight For Gender Equality“She’s awfully cute.” That’s what Martin Ginsburg thought when he met his fellow Cornell student Ruth Bader in 1950. Soon he noticed something else. “He thought she’s awfully smart,” says their son James Ginsburg. “Mom said Dad was the only boy who dated her,” James says, “who cared that she had a brain.”…Their love took on a new meaning in 2010, after a tumor (肿瘤) was found in Marty and Ruth became his caretaker again, staying up with him through the night. In his final days Marty left his wife a note: “You are the only person I have loved in my life and I have admired you since the day we first met at Cornell 56 years ago.” He died 10 days later. The next day Ruth returned to work on the bench. Asked why, she had a simple answer: “Marty would have wanted it that way.”。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
阅读理解突破(一)——主旨大意题1．主旨大意题的设题方式(1)What is the passage mainly about?(2)What is the main problem being discussed in the passage?(3)What is the main idea of this passage?(4)The passage is mainly about________.(5)Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?(6)The main idea of the passage is________.(7)Which of the following statements best summarizes the author’s main point?(8)This paragraph centers/focuses on________.(9)This passage is chiefly concerned with________.(10)The author’s p urpose in writing this passage is________.(11)What is the best title for the passage?2．解题策略——如何寻找主题句(1)读首句抓大意。
说明文、议论文等文章的主题句多放在文章开头,抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的中心,因此要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
(2)读尾句抓大意。
有时文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾,作为全篇的总结。
(3)读首尾抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句,这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用的两次点题的写作方法。
通常前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面点题是进一步的总结,是引申,是发展。
(4)从段落中抓大意。
有些文章或段落的主题句居中,这种文章或段落往往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题,在主题句出现以后,再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
(5)归纳分析抓大意。
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,但字里行间无不体现主题。
这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。
1A couple of years ago,before a trip to China,Nicole Davis andher US women’s volleyball teammates were warned about the prominence(显著、突出) of coach “Jenny” Lang Ping in her native country.“I was pushed over by Chinese journalists while I was just tryingto put my luggage on the bus,”said Davis.Known as the “Iron Hammer” for her punishing spikes(扣球),Langmade it possible for China to dominate in the sport in the early1980s.She was a key player on China’s 1984 Olympic gold medal winningteam.When the US team arrived for the Olympics,Lang,48,who is from Beijing,had to take a different route to avoid a crowd of reporters and fans.Then came the greatest moment to Lang：While the US team was playing in a packed gym,at least 8,000 Chinese fans unfurled an American flag.“That really says it all,” Davis said.“They look at her as an icon(偶像)．I’m sure it’s hard for them to see her coaching another country,but they love her so dearly that her success is their success.”The loyalty of the Chinese fans was tested on Friday,when China lost a matchto the US.“It’s a pity that China lost the match,but I’m still glad that Lang Ping’s team won,since she is the pride of China’s volleyball,” said Liu Chengli,a s p e c t a t o r.“W e a l s o c h e e r e d f o r Lang’s victory.”Lang said she just tried to stay professional when the two teams meet.“It doesn’t matter if we play China or any other team.It’s the same.” Lang said.Davis said she and her teammates could not have imagined the passion for volleyball among Chinese because the sport was lack of popularity in the US. The reception from Chinese fans has touched the US players,said US volleyball player Lindsey Berg.“It’s such an honor to be here and play for our coach here in China,”she said.“The amount of support that the Chinese give to her and us has been tremendous.The whole event has been unbelievable.”1．What’s the passage mainly about?A．Staying professional.B．Cheering for the Iron Hammer.C．A match between China and the US.D．Lang Ping’s career as a coach.答案 B解析本篇文章无明显的主题句,但字里行间都在讲述我国著名排球运动员,现美国女排主教练郎平带队到中国参加奥运会并受到了人们的热烈欢迎,故应选B；而D项意为“郎平的教练生涯”,显然不合题意。
但多数学生误选此项,是由于只注意到了局部信息,犯了以偏赅全的错误,而没有真正理解文章主旨。
2．Lang Ping avoided meeting the reporters and fans probably because she ________.A．was afraid to be questioned about her strategyB．didn’t want to be paid much attention toC．disliked to be with her fansD．didn’t want to disturb public order答案 B解析推理判断题。
从文章第四段的内容可以推断出朗平希望不要太被关注。
3．What does the underlined word “unfurled” exactly mean?A．destroyed completelyB．tore into piecesC．spread out to the windD．rolled up答案 C解析词义猜测题。
由文章第五段和第六段可以知道,这里的中国球迷应该是“打开、展开”了一面美国国旗,所以选C项。
4．What does Lang Ping mean by saying “It doesn’t matter if we play China or any other team.”？A．American Volleyball Team will beat any team.B．Chinese Volleyball Team is the same as other teams.C．She just tried to stay professional.D．The results of each match will be the same.答案 C解析推理判断题。
从文章内容可以知道,朗平认为不论是对阵中国队还是其他队,对她来说,这仅仅是一场比赛而已。
由此推断选C项。
5．What impressed the US team players most?A．The tolerance of Chinese people.B．The popularity of volleyball in China.C．Lang Ping’s coaching sk ills.D．The loyalty for volleyball of the Chinese.答案 B解析细节理解题。
从文章倒数第二段的内容可以知道,排球在中国非常受欢迎,所以选B项。
2(2009·北京,E)Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the naturalworld and,at its best,it makes little environmentalinfluence.But with increasing numbers of people wanting toescape into the wilderness,it is becoming more and moreimportant to camp unobtrusively(不引人注目地) and leave nomark.Wild camping is not permitted in many places,particularly in crowded lowland B r i t a i n. Wherever you are,find out about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces,and contact them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building.For example,it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland,but in England you must ask the landowner’s permission,except in national parks.Camping is about having relaxation,sleeping outdoors,experiencing bad weather,and making do without modern conveniences.A busy,fullyequipped campsite(野营地) seems to go against this,so seek out smaller,more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches.Better still,find a campsite with no road access：walking in makes a real adventure.Finding the right spot to ca mp is the first step to guaranteeing a good night’s sleep.Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment.Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot.When camping in woodland,avoid standing dead trees,which may fall on a windy night.Avoid animal runs and caves,and possible homes of biting insects.Make sure you have most protection on the windward side.If you make a fire,do so downwind of your shelter.Always consider what influence you might have on the natural world.Avoid damaging plants.A good campsite is found,not made—changing it should be unnecessary.1．You needn’t ask for permission when camping in ________.A．national parks in EnglandB．most parts of ScotlandC．crowded lowland BritainD．most parts of England答案 A解析细节理解题。