城市之丘适应环境的哥本哈根城市空间_吴丹子

074近几年，哥本哈根的近港区因其充斥着低质量的办公楼、落后的购物中心和自行车和行人使用的基础设施，缺少公共空间而备受批评。

瑞典斯德哥尔摩私人银行（简称SEB）计划在这里利用本斯托费格德街与卡尔波德·布里吉街交汇处地下停车场上方的场地，建设他们的北欧总部。

SLA接受了这项委托，旨在设计一处能将银行总部与周边环境、海港乃至哥本哈根市融为一体的城市空间。

银行大楼前方的开放空间不一定总是要朴实无华、暗淡无光且让人难以靠近。

于是，SLA打破传统，将银行大楼前方的场地设计成一处服务大众和银行工作人员的绿色友好城市空间。

它占地约7 300m 2，具有较强的可持续性和可达性。

这个空间宛若一个巨大的沙丘或雪堆，贯穿于建筑物之间，又紧紧围绕着建筑物，营造出空间的连贯性。

此外，一片高出周围地面7m的绿地，为自行车和行人提供了出行空间。

人们沿着它，可从SEB银行和海港出发，途经丹麦国家档案馆，最终到达蒂沃利国会中心。

只有亲身穿越这座城市之丘，才能获得完整的体验感受。

当你穿越这个区域时，可以发现空间在进行不同方向的转变，从而产生新的空间关系。

从本斯托费格德街一路上升，经过一段300m斜坡时，空间会一点点展现在眼前。

当你回望城市，建筑群以框景的形式将哥本哈根市呈现出来。

从卡尔波德·布里吉街走上来的斜坡，路途相对较短，但坡度也较大。

走到斜坡的末端，你可将海港的美景尽收眼底。

城市之丘是由层叠的白色混凝土构成，它的设计灵感来自丹麦北部沙丘和斯堪地纳维亚冬天的雪丘。

层叠的造型和地形的轮廓是城市之丘最为重要的特征：它从技术和功能层面满足了种植所需的排水、可达性、光照的要求，并能形成对植物根部有利的结构。

场地提供了丰富多样的步行路线，满足行人(包括具有步行障碍的人群)、滑板爱好城市之丘适应环境的哥本哈根城市空间The City DuneAcclimatized Urban Space in Copenhagen图01 建筑和城市景观的总平面图Fig.01 Master plan of buildings and urban landscape 图02 不同水平高度之间的空间用来种植和供游人休憩Fig.02 The space between the different levels are used for plants, trees and places to sit.图03 城市之丘是哥本哈根港口主要开发项目的第一阶段Fig.03 The City Dune is the first stage of a major developmentproject in the Copenhagen harbor.图01图02075076者、SEB银行工作人员和客户的出行需要。

这个地形营造了一种特殊的氛围，让人们去感知体验周边环境甚至更为遥远的地方。

丰富的空间激发我们的动态思辨，这是一种在信息流中航行而不是凝固在已有知识上的智慧。

这种流动的记忆智慧是通过变幻的地形、种植池、天气还有城市空间中的行人来激发的。

每次参观会看到完全不同的景象。

城市之丘就像雪堆一样，当你在其中穿行的时候，它便呈现不一样的空间。

下一次穿行，你又会发现另一条路径。

随着天气、灯光、时间还有观赏者自己的情绪变化，城市之丘又将展示出不一样的面貌了。

种植池的设计在此显得意义重大。

乔木和草本植物的配植，使得整个场地从远处看起来就像一个二维的平面画面。

但是当你亲身穿过这样设计的场地，却能产生三维体验。

这个设计不是将自然编排成图景呈现给人们，而是提供一种在城市中欣赏和体验自然的全新方式。

这个宏大的目标是为了创造一种城市的自然观，一种通过设计把自然作为一种过程同时又辅助城市的适应和其他功能性需求的理念。

空间的融合也是这次设计中最为重要的概念之一。

通过混凝土的层层折叠，其表面已经尽可能地折叠、打开、折叠，能够高效地反射热辐射，营造更凉爽的微气候，在天气较热的时候可以对空气进行降温。

这一机能，还在110个喷雾装置的作用下得到强化。

这些装置将收集到的雨水进行喷雾，并借助风力扩散水雾。

那种凉爽的感受就像是进入到了葱翠舒适的斯堪地纳维亚中部的大自然中一样。

在与建筑物外立面相垂直的地方，每隔一层台地，便设置有一条细细的、与凹槽宽度相似的排水槽。

这些排水槽让雨水沿着混凝土表面最终流入两个大型的雨水收集池中。

雨水通过细孔水管网，被图04 当您穿越其间时，能够深刻真正体验到城市空间的三维变化。

Fig.04 Only when you move through it, the three dimensions ofthe urban space will be truly experienced.图05 城市空间和建筑紧密相连。

Fig.05 The urban space and the building is closely interconnected.图06 城市之丘轻松自如地从街道跃升至第二层楼层的高度。

Fig.06 The City Dune rises from street level to second floor'sheight with organic ease.图07 错落有致的混凝土板块使城市之丘成为哥本哈根滑板青年的好去处。

Fig.07 The use of concrete and differentiated levels have made TheCity dune a popular place for Copenhagen's young skateboarders.077泵吸到种植池和喷雾装置中以备使用。

当遇到强降雨时，多余的水直接流入港湾。

这样，就避免了雨水流入排污管道中或路面上。

这个种植园是建立在藤架和广阔的梧桐林之间的缝隙中。

这里采用落叶和常绿植物以实现全年水分和物质的代谢循环。

设计选用了10种不同高度的多年生草本植物和禾本科植物，它们不仅有助于城市空间内水分和物质的代谢，同时配合自然风以及树荫等条件，加强场地微气候的营造。

通过对混凝土和种植池的持续利用，城市之丘不仅与当地城市环境融合，也为哥本哈根局部增添了长期以来被城市规划师们所忽略的休闲娱乐价值。

The harbor front of Copenhagen has throughthe years been widely criticized for being thehome of low quality office buildings, introvertshopping malls, bad infrastructure for cyclists andpedestrians, and few, if any, public spaces worthusing. Here, above an underground car park on thecorner of Bernstorffsgade and Kalvebod Brygge, theSwedish SEB Bank chose to erect its Scandinavianheadquarters. SLA got the assignment to create theurban space that would tie the headquarter togetherwith the surrounding area, the harbor, and the restof Copenhagen.An open space in front of a bank does notnecessarily need to be anonymous, grey, and voidof people. On the contrary, SLA designed thearea as a green and welcoming urban space for thepublic and employees of the bank alike. The resultis a sustainable and fully accessible urban spacecovering an area of 7,300 m2. Like a giant dune ofsand or snow it slips in between and clings aroundthe buildings, thereby creating a spatial coherencein the design. Simultaneously, the green tract,elevated 7 meters above the surroundings, ensuresthe mobility of pedestrians and cyclists, leadingfrom SEB and the harbor past The Danish NationalArchives and on to the Tivoli Congress Center.To fully experience The City Dune, one has tophysically move through it. When passing throughthe area, the space evolves and opens up in differentdirections, creating new spatial connections in theprocess. When ascending from Bernstorffsgade,the space gradually unfolds as you walk along the300 meter long and winding incline. Looking backagainst the city, the buildings frame a solid cut ofCopenhagen. The ascent from Kalvebod Bryggeis shorter and steeper. Here one will soon rise to asplendid view of the harbor.The City Dune is made of folded whiteconcrete, borrowing its big, folding movementfrom the sand dunes of Northern Denmark and thesnow dunes of the Scandinavian winter. The foldingmovement and the contour of the terrain is the mostimportant spatial characteristic of The City Dune:It handles functional and technical demands fromdrainage, accessibility and lighting to plantationand the creation of a root-friendly bearing layer;it offers a variety of routes suitable for pedestrians,skaters, (and even the walking-impaired) as well asthe customers and employees of SEB; and finallythe terrain creates a special atmosphere by favoringthe sensuous abilities in both the near and farsurroundings. The variety of the space appeal toour ‘flowing intelligence', as the ability to navigatethrough a stream of information, instead of the‘crystallized intelligence' of memorizing knowledgealready known. The flowing intelligence is activatedthrough the shifts in terrain, plantation, weather andother people moving in the urban space. No twovisits will ever be the same. Just like snow, The CityDune is a composition of spaces that differentiates项目位置：丹麦哥本哈根市建设单位：瑞典德哥尔摩私人银行项目预算：4 850 000欧元项目面积：7 300m2景观类型：城市空间景观设计：SLA事务所建筑设计：L&T建筑事务所工程设计：兰姆波尔公司设计时间：2005年至2007年施工时间：2007年至2010年撰文：SLA事务所翻译：吴丹子校对：孙帅图片来源：图01-04 由SLA事务所提供；图05由托奔·比特森 提供；图06-09由金森·林德提供078while moving through them. Next time, one will find another route, and the urban space will appear differently as it changes with the weather, the light, the time, and the visitor’s own frame of mind.The plantation is of great significance in this context. The trees and herbaceous borders are placed so that the design appears flat and two-dimensional when seen from distance. It is not until one move through the design that one grasp the three-dimensional experience. It is not an arrangement that mimes nature. It is a new manner of seeing and experiencing nature in the city. The ambition is to create an urban view of nature through a design that clarifies the presence of nature as a process, while simultaneously supporting acclimatization and other functional conditions.The acclimatization of the space is the most important principle in the design of The City Dune. Through the folding movements of the concrete, the surface has been made as large as possible by being folded up and down, in and out, thereby creating a high Albedo-effect reflecting as much of the incoming radiation as possible. By this a cooler microclimate and a cooling breeze during the warm periods of the year are created. This is further enhanced by 110 water atomizers, utilizing accumulated rainwater and emitting out moist air spread by the wind. The cooling result is the experience of being in the middle of the lush Scandinavian nature. Alongside and perpendicular to the building facades, a narrow linear drain hasbeen put into the covering at every other plateau.The width is identical to the delitation notches. Thisnarrow slit leads the rainwater from the concretesurfaces and into two large rainwater tanks. Fromhere it is pumped to the plantation and the wateratomizers through a fine-meshed network of tubes.During heavy rain, the extra water is led directlyinto the harbor. As such, no rainwater ends up inthe sewers or on the roads.The plantation is established in fissuresbetween the shelving and the horizontal planes.Both deciduous and evergreen plantation hasbeen utilized to achieve great metabolism of waterand substances throughout the year. Ten sorts ofherbaceous perennials and grasses with varyingheights have been used. They, too, contribute tothe metabolism of water and substances in theurban space as well as enhancing the microclimaticenvironment with wind and shelter.All in all, The City Dune provides not onlyacclimatization and utility through the sustainableuse of concrete and plantation; it also gives a muchneeded recreational value to a part of Copenhagenlong neglected by city planners.Location: Copenhagen, DenmarkCommissioned by SEB Bank & PensionBudget: € 4,850,000Area: 7,300 m2Type : Urban SpaceLandscape Design: SLABuildings : Lundgaard & Tranberg ArkitekterEngineer : Rambøll A/SDesign Period: 2005-2007Implementation Period: 2007-2010Text: SLATranslation: WU Dan-ziProofreading: SUN ShuaiPhoto Credit: Fig.01-04 SLA; Fig.05 Torben PETERSEN; Fig.06-09Jens LINDHE图08 冬夜的城市之丘Fig.08 The City Dune in winter at night图09 用于收集雨水的喷雾装置，能够在炎炎夏日降低城市空间的温度。