主谓一致2

二主谓一致

薄冰unit 17

主谓一致是指主语，谓语在语法上（时态，单复数、人称）语义上

语法上

1单复数同形：主语是单数/复数，则谓语用单数/复数形式

（1）就近原则：there be 结构；or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor；whether…or；not…

but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g.

What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。

Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。

Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。

Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。

There are two pens and a book.

There is a book and two pens.

（2）当主语后面跟有with,together with,like,except,but,no less than,as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致.

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating

(3)在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。

e.g. In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。

Within the payground were a group of chidren playing soldiers.

语义

主谓的单复数概念一致：比如有时候单数主语表达复数概念，谓语也要用复数。

（1）主语是短语，从句，抽象概念，谓语要用单数

Keeping a house is a tiring job.

(2) 主语是动名词，不定式，主语从句时，除非用and 连接起来，否则谓语是单数。

Setting fire to public bulidings is seriusly against law.

(3)由and连接的两个名词或短语表示同一概念时，谓语动词也要用单数。

The English teacher and head teacher is a young man.

The singer and the dancer are popular with youngsters.

(4)通常看做单数的词组：a needle and thread 穿了线的针

A watch and chain 带链的手表

A desk and chair 一套桌椅

A kinfe and fork 一套刀叉

One and a half +复数名词

（5）被each ,every ,no ,many a , more than one 即使用and 连接并列做主语，也通常看做单数。(every one of ;each of，没有every of的结构。)

Every teacher and every student wants to go camping.

（6）某些学科名称和疾病名称虽然看似附属，实际上表示单数含义

Electronics mechanics机械学classics languistics economics statistics astronomy等等

（7）表示群岛，山脉，瀑布等等专有名词the Alps,the Philippines,Niagara Falls做主语是，

谓语用复数。

The Philippines lie to the southeast of China.

(8)表示时间，距离，度量，价值等的复数弥昂藏做主语时，如果表示抽象概念或

看做一个整体时，谓语用单数；如果表示具体数量的多少，则用复数。

6 is a large sum of money to her .

25years has passed since I graduated from college.

（9）一些形式是复数，意义为单数的主语如trousers，pants ,shorts,glasses , scissors 等，谓语用复数，除非是a pair of 修饰。

The trousers cost me 75 dollars.

(10)主语指一类人，谓语用复数；但如果指单个人或抽象概念时用单数。

（11）当one of .....的结构做主语时，谓语要用单数，因为这个时候one 是中心词，是核心的主语。

One of my students is from Hangzhou.

One of +名词+定语从句，定语从句中谓语的单复数由它修饰的先行词的书来决定，但如果one of 前面有the only ,the very修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词只能用单数。

He is one of the students who are taller than 1.8m.

He is the only one of the students who is good at playing the paino.

3特殊

（1）单数集体名词做主语时，若表示的事一个集体，那谓语用复数；表示集体的成员时，谓语用单数；如果强调主体是一个不可分割的集体，谓语用单数。

Our group are discussing headly on the subject.

Our group is made of 5 girls and 3 boys.

有单复数意义的集体名词有committee，army ,team .,police, stuff , family ,enemy, clubd等等。

The population of the contury is increasing rapidly.

经常做复数解;people(人民)，police，youth ,cattle,

经常做单数解：equipment ，furniture ,jewelry ,clothing,machinery(以静物为主)表示单数概念。

The police say that have catught the thieves.

All the machinery in the factory is controlled by robots.

（2）由介词短语连接的主语如as well as , in addition to , besides, with ,along with , togrther with ,but ,except , like , as much as ,rather than , more than等，主语仍与主语的人称和数的一致。

An expert ,together with some assistants, was sent to help this work.

(3)有些代词即使语义上是复数谓语有人要用单数。如果Everything,everybody,nothing,nobody ,anyone ,anything ,no one ,nothing, each ,either , neither , Neither likes the friend of the other .

注意：neither of ,either of , none 谓语根据具体情况用单复数。

All做主语表示人用复数，表示物用单数，

All that ends well is well.

(4) a great/good deal of ,amounts of , a large amount of+不可数名词，谓语可用单数

the amount of+不可数名词、名词单数，谓语用单数。

What is the amount of the bill?