2 第二讲 句法类错误

第二讲句法类错误

考点1主谓一致误用

[典例1](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.

[考场思维]

(1)根据and之前的is，可判断include的时态。

(2)找出include的主语：that。

(3)尝试解答：include→includes

[典例2](浙江卷)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.

[考场思维]

(1)主谓判断：主语是we；谓语动词应该使用复数。

(2)尝试解答：was→were

[过关检测]

1．She took the lift to the eleventh floor, and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer was.

was→were 2．(2019·长春外国语学校第二次质量检测)You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class.

know→knows 3．(2019·甘肃兰州一中高三月考)Each student learn a foreign language, mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education.

learn→learns 4．My village lie in the mountains in southwest China.

lie→lies 5．I, together with him, were going to do just what we had discussed.

were→was 6．Selling newspapers not only makes some money but also give us some working experience during the summer vacation.

give→gives [技法点金]

1．判断主谓语是关键

①可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。

②动词-ing形式、不定式或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。注意：名词性从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词应用复数。

③就近原则常见的有：either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., there be等。

④就远原则常见的有：together with，as well as，but，except等。

⑤在倒装句中要找出句子的主语从而判断谓语动词的单复数。

⑥定语从句中的谓语动词要与定语从句所修饰的先行词保持一致。

2．附加成分是难点

对于分隔现象，可利用“减一减”原则：先从整体上把握主干，再去掉句子中的插入语、附加成分等分隔干扰部分，使结构简化。

考点2从句误用

[典例1](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.

[考场思维]

(1)结构分析：先行词是the historical environment，定语从句中缺少主语，故用that或which。what可以引导宾语从句、表语从句等，但不可以引导定语从句。

(2)尝试解答：what→that/which

[典例2](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid that to speak in front of a large group of people.

[考场思维]

(1)结构分析：从句式看，afraid后不是宾语从句；afraid后的动词不定式是原因状语。

(2)尝试解答：去掉afraid后的that

[过关检测]

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.

which→where或在which前加in 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.

that→which 3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in this/the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.

they→that/which 4．(四川卷)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.

what→that/which或去掉what 5．(全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.

that→where 6．(全国卷Ⅱ)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.

how→what