形容词和副词(2)

形容词和副词

1. 形容词的位置

单个形容词修饰名词的时候，一般前置。但是下列情况下形容词却要后置。

1)当形容词修饰由some,no,any,加上thing,body,one构成的复合代词时，总是后置。

【例如】I have something urgent to do, so I have to go now.

There must be something wrong with him.

2)以able或ible结尾的形容词与all, every, only或形容词最高级连用时，常常后置。

【例如】These are the best books available in the university library.

Paris is one of the most beautiful cities imaginable.

3)形容词词组常后置。

【例如】I know a girl good at singing.多个形容词修饰同一名词的顺序

有几个形容词修饰同一名词时，词序无固定规律，一般的顺序为：1)限定词(冠词/代词/数词)→2)性质→3)大小/形状/新旧/年龄/颜色→4)名词性定语(包括动名词)→5)名词。

【例如】

China is a great, modernized socialist country.

Nancy is reading an old, exciting, romantic love story.

Mary has just bought herself a pretty green cotton dress.

My sister knew a tall intelligent young American professor whom she met in college.

2. 作表语的形容词

1)很多以a开头的形容词，如asleep, afraid, awake, alone, aware, alive, ablaze, alike等，一般只作表语。

【例如】He was so tired that he soon fell asleep.

Whether he was alive or dead in the earthquake is still unknown.

2) 这类形容词有时可以放在名词后作后置定语。

【例如】He is one of the persons alive after the flood.

The old man was the only person awake at the moment.

3) 这类形容词中有些像alike(相同)，alone(单独)，amiss(差别)，afire(燃烧着)，adrift(漂流)，afloat(漂浮)， afoot(徒步)等既是表语形容词，又是副词，它们的用法不同。

【例如】 The twins look so much alike that it is difficult to distinguish one from the other. My brother and I alike are funs of pop music.

4)一些表示身体健康情况的形容词，如ill, well, unwell, fit, poorly等，一般作表语。

【例如】I don’t feel well, I need to go to see the doctor.

How to keep fit is a popular topic these days

副词

1. 副词在句中的位置

1)修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在前面。

2)当句子的谓语动词是行为动词时，频度副词一般放在谓语动词之前。句中有be或助动词、情态动词时，放在其后。

【例如】

I often go to the cinema on weekend with my husband.

I can hardly understand him for what he said was really confusing.

I have never been abroad until now.

3)程度副词修饰形容词或副词，通常放在被修饰的形容词之前。但是enough总是放在所修饰的形容词或副词之后。

【例如】

The boy didn’t work hard enough.

He is quite diligent. But his achievement is not good enough.

4) only的位置比较灵活,修饰哪个词，就放在哪个词的前面，以示强调。

【例如】

I only saw John yesterday. I didn’t see his wife.

I have bought two kilos of potatoes only.

Only in the afternoon, can you borrow books from the university library.

5)only too pleased to do sth: 非常想干某事

I only too pleased to go home.

2). 副词的作用与构成

副词用来修饰形容词、副词和动词。大部分副词由“形容词＋ly”构成，如：happy→happily, slow→slowly, wonderful→won derfully等。但有些以ly结尾的词却不是形容词，而是副词，如：friendly, brotherly, likely, lonely等。有些词可以作形容词也可以作副词，如：early, late, fast, hard, low, much, near 等。

3) fairly, quite, rather表示“十分，非常”。fairly语气最弱，放在不定冠词之后；quite语气较强，放在不定冠词之前；rather语气最强，可放在不定冠词前后，也可放在比较级前和too之前。

【例如】

This is a fairly interesting story. I want to tell it to my friends.

You have made quite a few mistakes in you writing. (quite a few = many)

The weather is rather colder today than I have expected. The student was rather too dull.

4). 具有两种形式的副词

英语中有的副词兼有两种形式：一种是与形容词同形；另一种是在该形容词后面加副词词缀ly构成。这两种形式的副词在词义和用法上有一定的差异，有的甚至完全不同。

常见的这类副词有：firm稳固地firmly坚固地direct径直地directly恰好 flat平淡地flatly直截了当地short突然shortly不久even甚至evenly平均地clean完全地，径直地 cleanly清洁地，干净利索地clear隔开，不接触clearly清晰地，明显地close近closely紧密地，接近地easy安适地 easily容易地dead突然地，完全地deadly死一般地，非常fair公平，正直地fairly相当地 right还好，适当地rightly改正地，合理地，正确地 just正好justly 公正地 sharp突然地，急剧地sharply严厉地

【例句】

Don’t come too close. /I closely resemble my father.

The train stopped dead./She turned deadly pale.