六种功能段落总结+(四级写作)

• 万能原因补充： • 1. In addition, social prejudice/ignorance/ emphasis / concern plays a critical role in this matter/issue. • 2. Furthermore, the related policy being carried out in China (does not) enables ____ to attach importance to _____.
• 3. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该…… • (主题句)There are various ways in which parents can help their teenagers to be independent. (建 议1) First, it is suggested that parents should strengthen the awareness of loving children appropriately. (建议2)Then, they should educate, advocate and encourage their kids to deal with their own problems independently in life and study. (展望未来)If all parents can try their utmost to do so, the future of our next generation will be hopeful, promising and rosy.
• 两个提纲 三个提纲 三个功能段落 • 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 • 2. 该现象产生原因 3. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……
• 首段现象描述： 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一 切 • (主题句)In contemporary society, it has become a trend for many parents to do everything for their kids: food, clothes, tuition, and even marriage. (事实描述)In the meanwhile, an increasing number of children find it difficult or troublesome to live on their own without parents. (举例描述)Taking a look around, we can find a great many parents and children like this.
• 3．我的建议
• （主题句）As a customer, I am convinced that there are various ways in which we can enhance online shopping. （建议1） First, it is essential that regulations should be worked out and enforced to regulate the online transactions. （建议2）Then, we should educate, advocate and encourage our friends, classmates, and acquaintances to be alert when shopping online. （展望未来）If we try our utmost to do so, the future of shopping online will be promising, hopeful and rosy.
• 现象、原因、建议、危害、利弊分析逻辑: • 一个中心，四个基本点： • 以孩子（学生、事件）为中心，以家长 （老师、相关人员）、家庭（学校、管理 机构）、社会、法规（道德意识）为基本 点
家长
法规（道德意识）
社会
家庭
老师
法规（道德意识）
社会
学校
买方:顾客
法规（道德意识）
Leabharlann Baidu
社会
卖方
• 2. 该现象产生原因 • (主题句)It is evident that the causes of this phenomenon is diverse. (原因1：家庭)To begin with, the change of family structure is the root cause. (原因1体现)A typical example of this is that in most families, there is only one child who is loved by not only parents, but also grandparents. (原因2)In addition, the incorrect sense of parents„ love constitutes another major cause. (原因2体现)To be specific, as parents, they are convinced that loving means giving children all they want.
• （接上页）(弊) Even so, others hold a different view that online shopping carries some risks. Firstly, it calls for time, energy and money to shop online; however, the quality of goods is not always as satisfactory as expected. Besides, what worries many shoppers is that their private information may be stolen and misused.
2.4 问题解决型必背范文
• Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……
2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境…（现象段：描述）
• 主题句：In addition to the green environment, green campuses also refer to students‟ behaviors or ethics. However, (举 例) taking a look around, we can find a great many examples of inappropriate behaviors： (下页续)
Creating a Green Campus
• 1. 建设绿色校园很重要（意义段：利） • The idea of “Green Life” has gained wide popularity among Chinese people, and it is of great significance for universities to build green campuses. Without green environment, it is impossible for college students to have an enjoyable life in the Ivory Tower. In addition, green campus may broaden/consolidate students‟ awareness of environmental protection.
• （接上页）(排比) some discard litters everywhere; some students cheat in tests; some waste food on canteens; some are always late for classes; some guys even watch pornographic or violent films in dorms. In fact, it has become a trend for many students to turn a blind eye to their own bad acts.
• 2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 • （利）A number of people favor online shopping. In their eyes, without it, it is impossible for them to stay at home and get their favorite clothes, books and so on. In addition, they argue that shopping online can help them expand their scope of shopping choices and enrich their life. (下页续)
2.5 现象阐述型范文(参考)
• Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: • 1. 建设绿色校园很重要（意义段：利） • 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境…（现象段： 描述） • 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…（建议段）
2.3观点对比型作文必背 • • • • • 段落组成：现象+利弊+建议 2011-06: Online Shopping 1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3．我的建议
• 1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 • 现象描述段：思路：引出话题 + 具体描述 • In contemporary society, it has become a prevalent trend for individuals to purchase various goods from the Internet. In the meanwhile, an increasing number of people find it convenient and inexpensive to do so. Taking a look around, we can find a great many shopping websites: Taobao, Dangdang and Amazon.
六种功能段落总结
现象
危害（弊） 原因 建议 观点（利弊） 意义（利）
篇章层面：六种功能段落的排列组合
• 1. 问题解决型：2010年6月( spelling)、 2010年12月( to be independent) • 2. 观点对比型（利弊分析）：2011年6月 (online shopping); 09年6月 (recreational activities) • 3. 现象阐述型：2009年12月(green campus)