美国南北战争PPT英文内容

The start of the American Civil War
The Battle of Fort Sumter（萨姆特堡战役）

This is Fort Sumter, where the shots that started the American Civil War were fired on April 12, 1861.
The first stage of the war
The North had developed industry and larger population than the South, but the South was much well prepared than the North. As a result, the North was defeated easily and suffered great losses in the eastern part of the theater, such as the Battle of Manassas and the Peninsula Campaign, though the North won several battles in the western theater.
In the case of military failures of the North, Republican activists claimed emancipation and arming of blacks. Lincoln was also aware of the necessity of the emancipation of slaves.
The second stage of the war
In 1862, the North attacked the South in the western part of the theater, and won several battles. In June, the North liberated the Kentucky and Tennessee.
The Battle of Sharpsburg (also known as Battle of Antietam) erupted on September 17, 1862, which is the bloodiest single-day battle in American history. Losses for the day were heavy on both sides. The North had 12,401 casualties with 2,108 dead. The South had 10,318 casualties with 1,546 dead.

The South was defeated but the war was still very though to the North.To win the war earlier, Lincoln's Government adopted a series of measures and policies.
Homestead Act was issued in 1862,which helped the North to get solid financial support, and win the war in the end.
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by Lincoln on September 22, 1862, which announced the liberation of slaves and allowed the black people to join the army of the North.This action helped the North to get more supports and attracted more and more black people to flee from and then attack the South.
During 1862 and 1863, black people, who mainly fled from the South, were armed to fight against the South.
On July 1, 1863, the two sides battled at Gettysburg, and the South was defeated finally. Both of the two sides suffered great losses, but the initiative on the battlefield turned into the hands of North and this battle became the turning point of the Ameriacn Civil War.
Almost at the same time, the Confederate defense surrounded by the North since February，1863 at Vicksburg，which was vital to the control the Mississippi River and the railway networks of western America，finally surrendered on July 4. They had eaten up all what they could get, including cats, rats and snakes, before they gave in.

In 1864, the North adopt to new strategy and started attacking the South in two directions at the same time. In the eastern part of the theater, wearing down the enemy forces was the main goal. And in the western part of the theater, the North tried to penetrate enemy hinterland and cut off the links of "Confederacy" between the Northeast and the Southwest.

In September, the North captured Atlanta and two months later the f

amous "March to the sea" began, the March completely destroyed various military and civilian facilities of the enemy, so that the economies of the South came to a standstill. In the east part of the theater, the North drove the enemy to the rebel "capital" Richmond.

In early 1865, the South's plantation economy was just near a crash, because most slaves had fled and the North imposed a naval blockade since 1861, which at last almost cut off the South's trade with Europe. The blockade was the Union Blockade, which was raised by Winfield Scott.

Deserters of the South was growing rapidly. What's more, weapons, food and daily necessities were all scarce. Finally on April 9, 1865, the Confedrate army surrounded by the North gave in. The American Civil War came to the end.