代词知识点

I.普通不定代词及复合不定代词 1. 初中阶段常用普通不定代词表格如下：some, any few, little none many, much either, neither one each, every both , all other 2. 普通不定代词的用法（1）some与any some 与any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词：some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。

但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议时应用some 。

There aren’t any students in the classroom. —Would you like some coffee? —Yes, please. (2) many与much many修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so, too, as, how 连用。

much 修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度so, too, as, how连用。

There are too many mistakes in your exercises. He never eats so much breakfast. He has got too much work to do. (3) either与neither either指两个之中其中一个，neither指两个人或物中一个也不。

常构成固定搭配either / neither of +名（代）词的复数+谓语动词（第三人称单数）；当either…or…和neither…nor…，连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of the books is good. Either you or I am going to America. (4) both 与all both表示“两者都”，常与and连用；all指“三者或三者以上都”Both she and I are students. Both plans are good. All of us should go there. They all agree to stay here. (5) each 与every each和every都表示“每一个”之意，each 强调个体，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

every强调整体情况，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。

另外，each可用来指两个或两个以上的人或事物，而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或事物。

There are trees on each side of the road. Each student passed the exam. Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt. (二) 复合不定代词somebody 某人anybody 任何人nobody 没有人everybody 每个人someone 某人anyone 任何人no one 没有人everyone 每人something 某事anything 任何事nothing 没有东西everything 每件事Do you have anything special to tell me today? 你今天有什么特别的事告诉我吗？Listen to me, boys and girls. I have something to tell you. 同学们，听我说，我有一些事情要告诉你们。

2 —Is there anything in the cup? 杯子里有东西吗？—No, there is nothing. 没有，什么也没有。

注意： 1. 当主句的主语是指人的复合不定代词如everybody, nobody, anyone等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they；当主句中的主语是指物的复合不定代词如everything, anything, nothing, something等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词it. Everybody is here, aren’t they? 大家都在这，是吗？Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了，是吗？ 2. 当形容词或else(另外) 修饰复合不定代词something, everything, everyone等时，形
容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。

Xiao Ming, I have something important to tell you. 小明，我有重要的事情要告诉你。

We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? 我们还需要一个助手。

你能再给我们找一个吗？ 3. everyone 的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one 既可指人也可指物，还可以和of 短语连用。

I would like everyone to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福Everyone / every one likes Mary. 大家都喜欢玛丽。

I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保存了下来。

She took my bottles of whisky and emptied every one down the sink. 我把我的威士忌酒一瓶一瓶全倒进水池子里去了。

II.代词it的用法 1. 指代前面提到过的事物。

This is not my book. It is Jim’s. 2. 用来代替指示代词this 或that —What’s this? —It’s a pencil. 3. 指婴儿或不明身份的人。

Someone is knocking at the door, please go and see who it is. 4. 指时间或季节。

—What’s the time now? —It’s ten o’clock. 5. 表天气。

—What’s the weather like today? —It’s sunny. 6. 表距离。

How far is it from your school to your home? 7. 用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：(1) It is+ adj. + ( for sb.) to do sth. It is important for us to work hard.
(2) It’s time to do / for / that…It’s time to get up / for lunch / that we go home. (3) It seems that …看起来好像……(4) It’s one’s turn to do …轮到某人做……It’s your turn to sing. (5) It’s + adj. + that 从句8. 作形式宾语Do you think it is necessary to learn to wait in line? 9. 引导强调句型“It is / was +被强调部分+that / who / whom+ 其它成份”。

It is our hope that our city becomes more and more beautiful. III. it, one, that作代词时的区别 1. it特指上下文提到的同一对象，是同一事物。

The book is mine. It’s very interesting. 这本书是我的，它很有趣。

2. one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一。

3 —Who has a pen? 谁有钢笔？—I have one. 我有一支。

3. that 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 冬天北京的天气比广州的天气冷。

易混点清单I. both; all; either; any; neither none 类别都任何都不两者both either neither 三者（以上）all any none II. little;
a little; few; a few 类别可数不可数肯定a few（有一些）a little（有一点儿）否定few （几乎没有）little （几乎没有）Would you please buy some salt for me, Tony? There is little left. 托尼，可以给我买些盐吗？已经快没有了。

He has so little money that he can’t afford the work. 他的钱太少了，买不起这本书。

III. other; the other; others; the others; another 不定代词意义用法说明other 另外的只做定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one, my, your, his等
时，则可与单数名词连用the other 两者中另一个常与one 连用，构成“one…,the other…”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余的全部”others 泛指别的人或物是other 的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，构成some…, others…the others 特指其余的人或物是the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物another 任何一个，另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词【课后作业】I.用all 和both填空。

1. ______of us went to see the film because we had money to buy tickets yesterday.
2. Tom and his father are _________ at work now. II.选择最佳答案。

( )1. —When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning? —______ is OK. I’m free these days. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither ( )2. Julie enjoys listening to music very much. She often says to me that ______ is more interesting than music.
A. nothing
B. something
C. everything ( ) 3. —Who is singing in the next room? —______ must be Marie. A. It B. She C. This
D. There ( )4. The machines made in China are cheaper than ______ made in Japan. A. ones B. that C. those D. it ( )5. —Your watch is quite nice. Where did you buy ______? —In Shanghai. Do you want to have ______ like this? A. it; one B. it; it C. one; it D. one; one 4 ( )6. — Harbin is real ly a beautiful city and there’re many places of interest. —So it is. Why not stay here for ______ two days? A. other B. others C. another D. more ( )7. —What a lovely card! Where did you buy it? —I made it by ______. A. me B. himself C. myself D. itself ( )8. —______ are you talking about? —The Olympic Games in Beijing. A. What B. Whom C. How D. Where ( )9. — What a hot day! Have you had a drink? —Yes. But I’d like to have ______ after work. A. it B. one C. other D. another ( )10. Money is important in my life. But it isn’t ______ to me. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything ( )11. Yesterday was Dad’s birthday. I gave ______ a scarf as a present. A. he B. him C. his D. himself ( )11.— The box looks so big. Can I help you? —No, thanks. ______ in it. It’s empty. A. Nothing B. Everything C. Anything D. Something ( )12. — ______ is your maths teacher? — The one in red. A. What B. Where C. Which D.
How ( )13. There are many trees on ______ side of the river. A. both B. either C. all D. every ( )14.—Is there ______ in today’s newspaper? — Yes. Shenzhou VI will be sent up into space in the near future. A. nothing new B. new nothing C. anything new D. new anything。