最新BEC高级全真试题及答案详解汇总
BEC商务英语高级真题及答案(5)
BEC商务英语高级真题及答案(5)In the last few years, managers throughout industry have seen more changes than many of them could have expected to see in their entire working lives having to communicate information which often leads to feelings of insecurity has become a key activity. From being regarded as relatively unimportant in many companies , management employee communication has become a central corporate need.Concordia International provides a good example of a company that has adjusted well to the changing needs for communication . since 1995 , Concordia has been turned inside-out and upside-down, to ensure that it is a marketing –led, customer-responsive business, one that looks outwards at customers and competitors, rather than inwards at its own processes and the way things were done in the past. In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 people - or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing anticipated.From being an engineering company, Concordia is now remaking itself as a service company. The role of employee communication in such a context is to build people’s self-confidence, to persuade them that, although it is inevitable that the changes will go ahead, they also bring with them new opportunities for employees. However, this is not an easy task. People tend to be skeptical of these claims and to feel that they are losing touch with the company they have worked for over many years. This is understandable, since many of the old certainties are being swept away , including the core activities of the company they work for. Above all , they have had to face up to the fact that they no longer have a job for life.Research indicates that people respond to this predicament in a variety of ways. The bulk of employees fall into two main categories in terms of their response to thenew situation: on the one hand there are the “ pragmatists” and on the other “ the highly anxious” the former see their job as a means to an end and have a relatively short-term perspective, with strong loyalty to their local term , rather than the company as a whole . The second category, usually the majority, may respond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down, and even feel anger at the company for what they see as changing the terms of their employment.` The employee communication process needs to be capable of accurately directing its messages at a variety of employee groups and departments within the workforce . this is why middle managers and line managers are so key to communication. They are the people who know about the full rage of concerns among the workforce. The problem in the past was that this crucial area was often the responsibility of a separate, relatively isolated unit. Concordia puts responsibility for communication firmly on line managers. All their research points to the same conclusion: people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers. That is the key relationship and where arguments and hearts and minds –are lost.The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soon as you can. If you can’t provide details, then at least put the news in context and commit yourself to providing greater detail when it becomes available another rule of company communication is that there must be a fit between what the company is telling its employees and what it is telling its shareholders.15 In the last eight years, Concordia hasA made over 80.000 employees reduncdantB completed a period of downsizingC reduced its workforce of 80.000 by 35%D given 35% of departing employees voluntary redundancy16 From Concordia’s point of view, the role of communication is toA win employee support before going ahead with the changesB change the company’s core activities.C emphasise the positive aspects of the changesD explain the need for the changes17 what does research show about most employees’response to change?A they expect it to have a bad effect on the companyB they feel completely powerlessC they become less loyalD they fell they have been treated unfairly18 Concordia’s communication process mainly relies onA printed communicationB departmental headsC personal communicationD a separate, specialized unit19 According to the writer, what is the guiding principle about giving information within an organization?A Never make promises about future developmentsB Give people an overall view at the earliest possible stageC always include plenty of hard informationD Hold back until all the details can be provided20 which of the following would be the most suitable title for the article?A employee attitudes to company communicationB making company communication more effectiveC Researching company commmucationD Making employees feel less powerless文章取材自一本管理手册，说的是一个组织里的有效沟通问题。
最新BEC高级全真试题及答案详解汇总
B E C高级全真试题及答案详解BEC高级全真试题及详解目录BEC Higher 全真试题一 (2)Test of ReadingTest of WritingTest of ListeningBEC Higher 全真试题二 (19)Test of ReadingTest of WritingTest of ListeningBEC Higher全真试题三 (35)Test of ReadingTest of WritingTest of ListeningBEC Higher 全真试题四 (52)Test of ReadingTest of WritingTest of ListeningBEC Higher 全真试题五 (71)Test of ReadingTest of WritingTest of ListeningBEC Higher 全真试题六 (87)Test of ReadingTest of WritingTest of ListeningBECH 全真试题一 TEST OF READING PART ONE Questions 1-8• Look at the sentences below and at the five short articles about people who run their own businesses on the opposite page. • Which article does each sentence refer to?• For each sentence 1-8, mark one letter A, B, C, D or E on your Answer sheet.1 Cutting prices may increase income.2 Education can be a source of profit.3 This firm is planning for rapid expansion lf its market.4 This idea is aimed mainly at children.5 This product is connected with advertising.6 Correspondence can be a key to success.7 This business combines the old and the new.8 A company ’s situation can change in a day.A When Brenda Smith started her Manchester based restaurant, theSalt and Pepper, she was an experienced chef , but had a lot to learn about the marketing needed to make the business do well. Withsupport from her local Business Advisory Agency, she attacked the problem. She wrote to fifty people each week who she thought could generate new business, she also wrote to newspapers asking forreviews and to local businesses. She introduced set menus of twocourses for only £10 with free drinks. Her strategies worked, and she is expecting a large increase on last year’s £40,000 turnover.B Paul Kennedy had the idea of putting brand names of companies onkey-rings and pens as a form of permanent publicity, In May 1995, he approached Interworld Airlines. ”We came out of our first meeting with an order lf 1,000,000 items,” he says. That meeting transformed Kennedy’s three-year-old business, increasing his workforce from two employees to eight. Turnover is expected to increase to £1.2m this year.C Form its base in a small village, Alpha Ltd is exporting its word gameto the rest of the English-speaking world. Gary Walton inventedWordright to help teach his daughter Hannah to spell. According to Walton. “There are Wordrights in Australia, the US and even Papua New Guinea.” The company has just won a contract to supply them to South Africa. “We’re doing very well-we only started the companylast October. There is such a huge demand for tools to help withEnglish.”D Wonderlaces, a shoe lace company, is less than two years old, butentrepreneurs Martin Horne and Carol Hampden already feel they are ready to take on the export market. The partners are looking intobranching out into Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Home says, “Some places don’t have firms who specialize in this sort of thing. If we can provide them with a good deal it should work.” All the work is done by casual labour-from processing orders to packing anddelivering the laces; even the company sales are handled by an agent.E Fly-the Flag produces flags in all colours and sizes. “No order is toobig or too small,” says Sally Blackwell, the owner. ‘Our clients include embassies, hotels and sport-clubs.” What makes the companysuccessful is the application of computer-controlled technology to a traditional craft. Sally studied computers at college. Then she set up Fly-the-Flag, and she’s had to learn about business along the way.And she’s proud of it. “Most of all, I love being my own boss- I could never work for someone else.”PART TWOQuestions 9-14•Read this text from a business magazine.•Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill in each of the gaps.•For each gap 9-14, mark one letter A-H on your Answer Sheet.•Do not mark any letter twice.•There is an example at the beginning (0).Is fashion important in business?According to standard economic theory, Giorgio Armani, a world-famous Italian fashion designer, runs a simple business. His company combines inputs of labour, capital and raw material to make clothes with the best possible balance between cost and quality.enough profit to compensate him for his investment of time and money.The problem with this view is that it ignores the most important thing that designers such as Mr Armaniglance, economists would seem to have little to say about this. They may little or no knowledge of current fashions, let alone what islikely to be fashionable in future.Can economics offer more revealingstart by looking at the pattern of prices for goods affected by fashion, which tends to follow well-established cycles. Prices are high at the start of the buying season, they fall gradually as the season progresses, and then they rise again as new styles are introduced for the next period.The main reason for this isthem for less than is necessary, they initially set higher prices, then lower them if they do not sell well. A good way to measure the importance of fashion, therefore, is to look at the variation in seasonal prices. If you compare prices for men’s andwomen’s clothing during the autumn-winter season, fashion seems to play a more important role in women’s clothing than in men’s.The strength of this pattern canprices in the American car market, which also tend to follow a ‘fashion’cycle, have displayed the opposite trend. Prices in November, the beginning of the new model year, are higher than they are the following September. Since the mid-1950s, however, this seasonal gap has been narrowing steadily. Explaining this is harder than it look. It is no use, for example, simply to say that people’s tastes areeconomists argue that the different trends for cars and clothes are due less to changes in the tastes of consumers than to changes in the technology of production.A In the past few years, seasonal price variations for women’s clothinghave become more noticeable.B So when fashions come and go, they can only say that people’stastes have changed or that they have become more (or less)fashion-conscious.C If so, why do people care more about fashion when buying clothing,but less when choosing cars?D In his field, as in many other industries, the key to success is to workout what is going to be fashionable by the time a new product isready.E When producers introduce new designs, say, for cars or dresses, theydo not know how successful they will be.F As a result, most car makers have been forced to make small changeseach year.G A recent study by three economists argues that it can.H He then calculates what the demand is for his designs, and estimateshow many units he can make without costs exceeding revenues.READINGPART THREEQuestions 15-20•Read the following article from a leisure industry magazine and the questions on the opposite page.•Each question has four suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D.•Mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.Passengers on cruise: ship holidays, as they are portrayed on TV programmes and films, usually appear to be both rich and elderly. Such people do not, however, accurately represent the 6.8m passengers who took this kind of holiday last year. Over the last few years the world cruise industry has concentrated on appealing to younger, less wealthy people, giving them an experience more like a floating disco than the traditional quiet holiday on a luxury ship. Even families with young children are no longer so rare on cruise ships. Partly as a result, the number of passengers taking a cruise has increased by an average of 8.5% a year since 1990.Cruise Star is now the world's largest cruise line, The other two major companies are Intersail and Seaways. Together these three carry nearly half the world's cruise passengers and make almost all the industry's profits. For the 30 or so smaller firms, life is much tougher. That is bf>.cause sheer size brings so many benefits to the large firms. They can negotiate bulk discounts on supplies such as food and fuel, and even, if they order enough of them, on ships. A secondary disadvantage for the smaller operators is that they cannot spread overheads such as marketing as broadly. A significant part of the cost of sending people on a cruise happens before they go on board the ship. The three large companies between them spend more than £ 100m a year on TV advertising in America. They employ armies of salesmen. Delivering passengers tothe ship is part of the package deal and. once again, volume means savings: Cruise Star is the biggest single buyer of airline tickets in America.Cruise Star has ten ships, with four more on order for delivery by 1999. Intersail is building at a similar rate, hoping to expand today's fleet often ships to 14 by 1998. Seaways will add three more ships to its present nine. The 30 ships on order throughout the industry will increase cruising capacity by 40% by 1998. Some analysts suspect that even the big companies will find it difficult to fill all those extra cabins. They make a comparison with the overcapacity in the airline market in the early 1990s, when aircraft ordered at a time of growth arrived during the recession. And they point out that, after steady growth, the American market was flat in 1995, with firms offering discounts up to 30% in order to fill cabins. The big firms reckon that this pessimism is overdone. This year has started well. But if the industry's outlook ends up being rougher than it hopes, many smaller firms will face a choice: go for specialised business, go out of business, or get taken over by a larger business. Already more than 40 small companies offer an increasing variety of cruises, ranging from archaeological tours of the Black Sea to ecological cruises to the Galapagos Islands, This trend seems set to continue, although in fast-growing Asia, a few mid-sized firms may one day rise to challenge the top three. However, in moreestablished markets, smaller firms are being squeezed out. For instance, Gentle Waves, which has debts of $850m, has already been approached by Cruise Star, who wanted to buy a majority share of the company. The negotiations came to nothing, but analysts think they will revive if Gentle Waves' problems continue.15 Cruises are becoming more popular with passengers whoA want a quiet holiday.B demand a high degree of luxury.C want a family holiday.D can afford to pay top prices.16 The main benefit the large firms have is that they canA run large marketing departments.B sell their tickets more cheaply.C afford better quality advertising.D arrange to pay reduced prices.17 What problem do analysts think cruise companies may have?A They will be dependent on the airline business.B They will not be able to sell enough tickets.C They will have to face a recession.D They will not be able to offer discounts.18 What are small firms doing in order to stay in business?A amalgamating with bigger companies.B moving their base to Asia.C offering more specialized types of cruisesD joining together to form new companies19 Cruise Star didn’t buy a share in Gentle WavesA but they might do so in the future.B because its debts were too big.C but they think they should have done.D because it was the wrong size.20 Which would be the best title for this text?A Cruise Business in TroubleB A Triangle of Cruise CompaniesC Smaller is Better Size is the key to successD Size is the Key to SuccessPART FOURQuestions 21-30•Read the article below about bicycles made of bamboo.•Choose the best word from the opposite page to fill each gap.•For each question 21-30 mark one letter A, B, C or D on your AnswerSheet.0 A made B constructedC createdD designed21 A operations B purposes C applicationsD practices22 A across B Up C over D off32 A widely B greatly C hugely D largely 24 A withstandB masterC supportD overcome25 A prove B achieve C work D catch26 A correct B proper C right D fit27 A need B Lack C want D failing28 A progress B motion C movementD advance29 A plan B opportunityC hopeD prospect30 A thoroughly B Fully C entirely D absolutelyExample:PART FIVEQuestions 31-40Read the article below about language learning for small businesses.For each question 31-40 write one word in the space on your Answer Sheet.ExamplePART SIXQuestions 41-50•In most lines of the following text, there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. •For each numbered line41-50, find the unnecessary word and then write the word in the space on your Answer Sheet. Some lines are correct.Indicate these lines with a tick (√).•There are two examples.ExampleTEST OF WRITINGPART ONE•The graph below shows how prices of consumer goods in three European countries have varied over a period of 25 years.•Using the information from the graph, write a short report describing and comparing variations in prices in these countries over this period. •Write about 100 words on your Answer Sheet.Prices of consumer GoodsPART TWO•You have seen a job with a multi-national company advertised in a newspaper.•Write a letter to the company applying for the job. Refer to relevant factors such as the nature of the job and why you are interested in it, your qualifications and experience, what you are doing now and what you could contribute to the position.•Write no less than250 words on your Answer Sheet.TEST OF LISTENINGPART ONEQuestions 1-12•You will hear a speaker addressing a group of business people at the beginning of a training course. He is telling them about the timetable for the first day.•As you listen, for questions 1-12, complete the notes using up to three words or a number.•You will hear the recording twice.PART TWOQuestions 13-22•You will hear extracts from five different people, who all work in the offices of a large company, talking about letters they have just received. •For each extract there are two tasks. For Task One, choose what was in the letter received from the list A-H. For Task Two, choose the response the speaker intends to make from the list I-P.•You will hear the recording twice.TASK ONE –WHAT THE LETTER CONTAINS•For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the descriptions of what was in the letter, listed A-H.•For each extract, choose what was in the letter.•Write one letter A-H next to the number of extract.13┄┄┄┄┄┄┄Array 14┄┄┄┄┄┄┄15┄┄┄┄┄┄┄16┄┄┄┄┄┄┄17┄┄┄┄┄┄┄TASK TWO –RESPONSE•For questions 18-22,match the extracts with theresponses, listed I-P.•For each extract, choose the response the speaker intends to make.•Write one letter I-P next to the number of the extract.22┄┄┄┄┄┄┄PART THREEQuestions 23-30•You will hear a radio interview with Martha Flowers, the Managing Director of the MAX chain of sandwich bars.•Choose the correct phrase to complete each sentence or answer the question.•Mark one letter, A, B, or C, for the phrase you choose.•You will hear the recording twice.23Martha started her business becauseA someone asked her to .B she saw a good opportunity.C she had a lot of experience in fast food.24Martha says the first three years of the business wereA not very successful.B surprisingly good.C very interesting.25How to MAX try to follow the example of fast food chains?A by working fasterB by using cheap productsC by working efficiently26What does Martha say about office diaries?A She thinks that ,unfortunately, they are necessary.B She never uses one at all.C Her secretary keeps one for her.27What does Martha say about her employees?A They must listen more carefully to what customers say.B She finds what they can tell her very useful.C It is difficult to recruit enough good quality staff.28According to Martha, what is the most important factor in MAX’s success?A The same customers keep buying their products.B They only sell the best quality products.C They have a high profit margin.29Martha’s advice to anyone who is starting a new business is toA look for an area with few competitors.B keep yourself well informed about competitors.C try to offer lower prices than your competitors.30What surprises Martha about other companies?A They don’t monitor their competitors’ activities.B They are unaware of their own weaknesses.C They don’t act on the information they have.BEC H 全真题二TEST OF READINGPART ONEQuestions 1 - 8•Look at the sentences below and at the following five book reviews for various business books.•Which book does each sentence refer to?•For each sentence 1 - 8, mark one letter A, B, C, D or E on your Answer Sheet.•You will need to use some of these letters more than once.1 This book follows the progress of various products from the concept tothe selling stage.2 This book includes very few technical terms.3 In this book we are given some detailed inside information oncompanies.4 The writer of this book believes company bosses aim at more thanthe financial improvement of their company.5 The writer of this book feels that success involves the ability to adaptquickly to a new situation.6 It is stated in this book that future business success will involveunderstanding recent thinking in the business area.7 This book shows how to include the input of the consumer in acompany.8 This book is aimed at the workforce as well as management.A Percentage SolutionsPeter FraserAnticipating changes in the marketplace and the competition depends on the ability to quickly reorganize business structures. Percentage Solutions shows that these significant change indicators lie in the 20% of business opportunities that will drive growth and profit into the future. Peter Fraser suggests that companies stay ahead of change by using a "rapid redesign" approach to quickly renew and rethink their business. In the book he details how this redesign could work and gives some examples of how it could be put into practice in a company.£18.99B BUSINESS THOUGHTS Norman Heimes,Sandy DaviesAttaining higher levels of customer satisfaction, increasing speed and efficiency in the product development process, and increasing profits are the goals many managers are struggling to achieve. The basic business philosophy behind this book is Customer Integrated Decision Making, or CIDM, which is a process that shows managers how to reach these goals by integrating the customer into the decision-making process and incorporating the customer's wants and needs into the design of new products and services.C COMMODITIES TO GO Philip M. RodgersThis fascinating and instructive book takes readers behind the scenes of twenty-four of the biggest new product success stories of the past few years and reveals the normally confidential workings of some of the institutions where these products were developed. Each story focuses on a different strategy and offers managers and professionals invaluable insights into how the brightest and best new product ideas were originally thought up, then developed and finally brought to market.£22.50 D A HANDBOOK OF MODERN BUSINESS MATTERS Joyce JamiesonThe incorporation of information technology in the workplace has revolutionised the way people do business. But the revolution has not finished - new technologies are being developed every day. The divide between man and technology is becoming increasingly narrow, and in some societies social and cultural changes are occurring in order to re-engineer business operations for the 21st century. A Handbook of Modern Business Matters will encourage you to think about the new concepts and ideas which often pass by only half understood, but will eventually make the difference between success and failure.E BUSINESS CHOICES Anne JonesThe original book about attitudes towards work is both for individuals in routine jobs seeking to improve the quality of their working lives and for managers who find themselves expected to do more with less in this era of uncertainty. Business Choices reveals a new way of thinking about work that will motivate both employees and companies to reach for higher levels of achievement. In a clear and very readable style that avoids much irritating business jargon, Anne Jones seeks to improve working attitudes at all levels of the workforce.£18.99PART TWOQuestions 9 - 14•Read this text from a business magazine.•Choose the best sentence from the given sentences to fill in each of the gaps.•For each gap 9 - 14, mark one letter A - H on your Answer Sheet.•Do not use any letter more than once. •There is an example at the beginning (0).PART THREEQuestions 15 - 20•Read the following article about a business technique called benchmarking from a business magazine and the questions on the opposite page.•Each question has four suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D.•Mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.15 According to the writer, benchmarking must always involveA changing your activities on the basis of new information.B copying exactly what your competitors do.C identifying the best company in your marketD collaborating with other companies in the same field.16 Some managers may resist benchmarking becauseA it takes their activities for granted.B it makes them examine the way they work.C it makes others question their efficiency.D it gives them a lot of extra work.17 What sort of companies should you compare yours with?A those producing similar goodsB those communicating most effectivelyC those using similar processesD those leading the domestic market18. Arita found that a publishing company couldA make more money than a computer firm.B produce technical manuals for them.C show them how to improve their own manuals.D help them move into new markets.19 Benchmarking specialists agree that in order to succeed there must beA a team of no more than three people.B total support from top managers.C a fixed timetable for the process.D an outside consultant in the team.20 What is the writer's purpose in writing this article?A to recommend the process of benchmarkingB to criticise firms that do not carry out benchmarkingC to give factual information about benchmarkingD to explain why benchmarking does not suit every firmPART FOURQuestions 21 -30•Read the article below about temporary workers.•Choose the best word from the opposite page to fill each gap.•For each question 21 - 30 mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet.•There is an example at the beginning (0).0 A features B points C items D marks21 A expected B thought C presumed D calculated22 A ran B existed C stood D stayed23 A big B wide C vast D enormous24 A own B receive C earn D acquire25 A lessened B declined C reduced D lowered26 A troubles B defects C drawbacks D hardships27 A lacked B missed C failed D lost28 A care B concern C consideration D bother29 A guess B faith C acceptance D assumption30 A total B absolute C sum D completePART FIVEQuestions 31 - 40•Read the article below about flying business class.•For each question 31 - 40 write one word in the space on your Answer Sheet.。
【精品文档】精选商务英语(BEC)考试高级阅读题及答案-范文模板 (3页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==精选商务英语(BEC)考试高级阅读题及答案Questions 21 -30Read the article below about the methods some companies are now using for recruitment.Choose the correct word to fill each gap from (A, B, C or D) on the opposite page.For each question 21-30,mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.There is an example at the beginning, (0)The Scientific Approach to RecruitmentWhen it (0) to selecting candidates through interview, more often than not the decision is made within the first five minutes of a meeting. Yet employers like to (21) themselves that they are being exceptionally thorough in their selectio n processes. In today’s competitive market place, the (22) of staff in many organizations is fundamental to the company’s success and, as a result , recruiters use all means at their disposal to (23) the best in the field.One method in particular that has (24) in popularity is testing , either psychometric testing, which attempts to define psychological characteristics , or ability￡aptitude testing (25) an organization with an extra way of establishing a candidate’s suitability for a role. It (26) companies to add value by identifying key elements of a position and then testing candidates to ascertain their ability against those identified elements.The employment of psychometric or ability testing as one (27) of the recruitment process may have some merit, but in reality there is no real (28), scientific or otherwise, of the potential future performance of any individual. The answer to this problem is experience in interview techniques and strong definition of theelements of each position to be (29) as the whole recruitment process is based on few real certainties, the instinctive decisions that many employers make, based on a CT and the first five minutes of a meeting, are probably no less valid than any other tool employed in the (30)of recruitment.Example :A haveB decideC doD make0 A B C D21.A suggest B convince C advise D believe22.A worth B credit C quality D distinction23.A secure B relies C attain D achieve24.A lifted B enlarged C expanded D risen25.A provides B offers C contributes D gives26.A lets B enables C agrees D admits27. A portion B member C share D component28. A extent B size C amount D measure29.A occupied B met C filled D appointed30 A business B topic C point D affair[NextPage]答案:21 B 22C 23 A 24 D25 A26-30 B D D C A21.这这句话的意思来看，应该是使自己确信……，所以应该选择B. convince22.根据意思理解，肯定是员工的质量对企业的作用，而且质量包含了所有工作需要的方面，所以应该选择C. quality.23.应该是确保他们在这一行业是最好的，应该选择A. secure.。
BEC全真试题参考答案及听力文字材料_BEC_
BEC全真试题参考答案及听力文字材料READING1. C2. B3.A4.B5.A6.D 7C 8.F 9.G 10.E 11.B 12.C 13.D 14.G 15.F 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.G 20.E 21.D 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.C 26.D 27.B 28.A 29.B 30.D 31.B 32.A 33.A 34.B 35.D 36.THERE 37.CORRECT 38.ARE 39.CORRECT 40.TO 41.IMPORTANT 42.FIND 43.INCLUDING 44.IS 45.THOROUGHLYWRITINGLISTENING1.Worldwide Holidays2.invitation cards3.business reception4.4005.Marketing Manager6.Sales Planning7. foreign languages8. 3 July9.rising costs 10. department budgets 11. buildings manager 12. laptop 13. D 14.F 15.C 16.G 17.A 18.C 19.H 20.E 21.A 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.C 26.B 27.B 28.C 29.A 30.BTranscriptsPart I1.F: Good morning, Lewis & Thorn Printers.M: Hello, it’s Oliver Martin here. Can I speak to Mark Hanson?F: I’m afraid he is not in the office now. Can I take a message?M: Yes, I’m phoning from Worldwide Holidays. I made an order recently. Mark was dealing with it. There were several things, mainly brochures and pricelists. We’ve received those and they are fine, but we haven’t got the invitation cards that were ordered.F: When did you order them?M: It was about a week ago, last Thursday, I think. But it’srather urgent now. They’re for a business reception at the end of the month. And they need to be sent to the tour operators and hotel managers.F: We’re quite busy at the moment, but I’m sure he’ll get them to you for tomorrow. How is it for?M: It was originally 300, but can you make that 400? We may need more than we thought.F: Yes. Fine. Has Mark the details?M: He should have. If there’s a problem, I can fax them.F: Thanks, Mr. Martin. I’ll phone you if we need them.2.F: Hello, Mike. It’s Carrion here. I’ve just been reading the paper and the job in there with Alba, the publishing group. I think it will be perfect for you.M: Oh, what’s t he job?F: They want a marketing manager. Isn’t that the kind of thing you’re looking for?M: Yes. Does it say what the job involves?F: There’s a quite a big job description, but the main thing seems to be that you’ll be in charge of sales planning. Sounds quite interesting.M: Well, it will be better than the administration work I’m doing at the moment. What sort of qualifications are they looking for? I suppose they want you to have an MBA.F: No, there’s nothing here about that. But it does say that they’re looking for someone who can speak foreign languages. Well, that’s OK for you because you’ve lived abroad and you speak German, don’t you?M: Yes, and Spanish, too. When do the applications have tobe in by?F: What’s it today? The 9th of June. So you’ve plenty to time. The 3rd of July is the closing date. Do you want me to fax you the adverts so you can see yourself.M: Yes. That’ll be great. Thanks.F: OK. I’ll do it now.3.M: Hello! Mike here.F: Mike. It’s Angela.M: Oh, Hi.M: Oh, look, Mike. I’m phoning because I’m quite worried about last month’s figures.M: They don’t make pretty reading, do they?F: No, they don’t. I think we need to have a meeting to talk about the rising costs.M: Sounds like a good idea. When were you thinking of?F: As soon as possible. I think we should try to put together new department budgets. Each department will then have set limits for their spending.M: Yes. I’m sure that will help. Who would you specially like to have at the meeting?F: Well, us, obviously. And can you make sure that the sales coordinator is available. And also the buildings manager? We’ll need their input.M: Sure. I’ll get on to them. And I’ll book the boardroom.F: Oh, can you make sure that there’ll be a laptop available there on the day. I’d like to show the figures for this year and last year.M: No problem. I’ll get back to you later to confirm the details.F: Fine. Thanks.Part II13. Very useful indeed! The general manager and the research director showed us around their high-tech production unit and there was a presentation of some of the products they’re planning. They’re certainly coming up with plans for some innovative products. I’m fairly sure we can come to some agreement about working together on at least two of them, though there’ll be some hard bargaining, I should think.14. They were really excellent. The best group I’ve ever worked with. I was able to cover the theoretical ground very quickly and got to the practical stuff earlier than I’d expected. This meant that they had much more practice than other groups and won’t need too much support from us, even in the initial stage of using the program.15. They weren’t easy, Mark. They were not easy! They asked us extremely detailed questions about our products and our ability to meet deadlines. In fact, at one point I thought we’re going to have to withdraw because it looked as if we wouldn’t be able to meet all their requirements. But then they made a number of concessions. In the end I think we’ve managed to get a good deal. Certainly it’s the biggest contract I’ve been involved with.16.The first day was particularly useful because there were some interesting speakers, mainly from big multinationals, talking on such as I’m interested in, like the international aspects of industrial relations and employment law. Then in the evening I had some extremely interesting conversations withspeakers. I hope there’ll useful contacts in the future. But other delegates thought it wasn’t very well attended, because the organizers ad decided against having an exhibition area so fewer people came.17. We revealed the month’s work and discussed next month’s targets. We decided that we definitely need some extra help with the personnel selection because there’s just too much for one person. Generally I think we’re a pretty good team. Of course there’re a few problems now and again, but we always discuss them in a very calm and sensible way and come up with solutions that work, so far, anyway.18. All I can say is that I’d stood out as the best applican t straight away or they took an instant dislike to me. I’d expected it to last at least 45 minutes, and possibly to involve 2 sessions. But I left I managed to go for a swim and do some shopping before I got back to the office for lunch.19. I’ve b een over all the obvious things I knew they would ask me with a colleague and I practiced all my answers over and over again. I felt sure I could deal with anything they’d put to me. Well, they started asking me what I though my weaknesses were. I just had n’t prepared for that, but because I had done so much preparation for other questions I managed to come up with a really good answer.20. Well, I got there and I thought I am really well prepared for this. I was wearing my best suit. I arrived on time and so did the other three applicants. But they kept us waiting for an hour and a half while they tried to sort themselves out. By the time I went I was so patient with the company I didn’t want the job any more.21. It’s fine, isn’t it. I can do it now. I knew what they weregoing to ask me. But when you are under all that pressure and all those questions are coming at you, something let you down. And whatever you say, you know you haven’t got the message across right and they haven’t understo od what you really meant. If only could get a second chance.22. I got home late from the meeting than I before () andI was really tired, but I lay awake all night. I guess I should have thought more carefully about wearing the right sort of things. But I was a bit disorganized and rushed out of the flat as if it was just an ordinary day and then felt like an odd one out when I got there and saw everyone else in suits. I was so embarrassed.Part IIIF: With me today is Peter Williams from Kingston University. Welcome! Peter.M: Thank you.F: Peter, you recently a large research study on training in small businesses. What made you focus on small businesses? After all, most of your experience has been with the huge multinational Cleantex. And in fact you eventually you ran their training department, didn’t you?M: Well, you are partly right. You see, when I joined the university a year ago they wanted me to start a training program for small businesses. I’d j ust sold my own small business, which I’d started when I left Cleantex. The 8 years I ran my own business taught me more about training than all my years with Cleantex. But I felt I couldn’t base a training program on my experience alone. So I decided to do research first.F: And how much training did you find in most small companies. Can they afford to do much training?M: Well, firstly small businesses are often accused of notdoing enough training. But that is the opinion of big businesses of course. It’s true that the government is encouraging small firms to increase their training budgets. They’re trying to introduce financial assistance for this. But I have to say I find lots of training going on. The real problem is that most small bu sinesses don’t always know how much training they’re providing or how much it’s actually costing them.F: But surely businesses have budgets and training records.M: Unfortunately most small companies don’t set aside a specific training b udget. It’s not that they don’t want to spend the money but that they operate differently. You see, things change very quickly in small firms and it’s impossible to predict the training needs. An employee can be moved to a new project very suddenly and then training has to be organized within days. And most small businesses prefer to use their experienced staff to do any training on the job.F: Did you manage to work out the costs of training?M: Well, it took time to work out the indirect costs. You see, most small business managers don’t include these costs in their calculations. Most of them keep records of obvious expenses, like, many expenses like external courses, travel, training manual, and videos, etc. But not many firms have specific training accounts and they don’t include the time managers spend on training, waste of materials, lost of productivity and so on. I spent hours with company accountants trying to see where these hidden costs were.F: How much are small firms spending on training?M: More than half of the businesses I surveyed spent at least 1% of their annual salary bill on training. And some of these spentup to 5% of their pay roll. In fact smaller firms are investing on average over 10% more on training per employee than larger firms.F: How good is that training?M: As I said, small firms usually get an experienced employee to show new staff how to do that job. This can be useful if the person is carefully selected and well-trai ned himself. But it’s not really enough. The trainee needs to do the job with the experienced employee on hand for guidance and feedback. This gets trainees much better skills than any packaged courses.F: And has your study helped you plan new courses for small businesses?M: Definitely. I now understand what they want and how they want it delivered. I now know that small firms were only investing in training if it immediately helped their enterprise. But most formal training focuses on long-term business needs. Most small businesses can’t plan far ahead. They want direct results from training in skills they need now. New technologies and IT skills are identified as a priority by all the firms I surveyed.F: What is the first course the university offer small businesses?M: Up till now most of short courses for companies in general have dealt with helping businesses grow. These aren’t really appropriate for small companies as growth can be very risky for them. They obviously need to grow but they’re afraid of fast growth. I’m going to start with courses on IT and software the small companies are likely to require because of the business growth to come later. And they’ll need to be changed to make them more relevant to small businesses.F: Well, I wish you every success with the course.。
BEC高级第二辑真题解析
第二辑Test1做BEC的阅读，可以先看看说明的第一句话，了解这篇文章总的讲的是什么：Look at the statements below and at the five reports about companies on the opposite page。
有关5个公司的报告，介绍了这些公司的股价以及并购等一些发展策略。
很概略，而且抢眼一看，内容都是大同小异，要在这些散而简要的信息中迅速准确的寻找答案，就需要对一些关键词格外敏感，好比表示程度（多和少，大和小）的形容词，还有类似increase和reduce之类的动词。
这种敏锐捕捉答案的能力，只能在不断做题不断总结中积累。
第一题，说这个公司涉及到多样化它的商业活动。
Diversify是关键词，原文中不一定要出现一个类似的动词，但是在意思理解上一定要严格从这个方向上找。
多样化，就是不把鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。
答案在D段，相当的隐晦：Whilst this demand is expected to slow down somewhat during the next year, investors are encouraged by the company’s decision to move into building supermarkets。
这方面的需求（指housing）预计要减少，投资者被公司进军超市建筑市场的决定所鼓舞。
也就是说，这个建筑公司原本是做housing的，在housing的需求下降时，转而开拓了supermarkets的市场。
综合起来，就是diversify。
第二题，说虽然这个公司做的很好，但还是面临很多困难。
这个好把握，所对应的公司一定是讲了一堆成绩后，来一个BUT或者是HOWEVER，说明问题。
答案是B段，关键句子是：However,there is still some way to go.整个B段的逻辑就是，前面一堆成绩，然后以这个however引导的句子为转折句，承上启下，后面说明面对的问题，最后一句也很明显：major problems with integration have yet to be solved.第三题，说公司减少了他们在单个物件上的利润。
2022BEC商务英语高级真题及答案(5)新
2022BEC商务英语高级真题及答案(5)In the last few years, managers throughout industry have seen more changes than many of them could have expected to see in their entire working lives having to communicate information which often leads to feelings of insecurity has become a key activity. From being regarded as relatively unimportant in many companies , management employee communication has become a central corporate need.Concordia International provides a good example of a company that has adjusted well to the changing needs for communication . since 1995 , Concordia has been turned inside-out and upside-down, to ensure that it is a marketing –led, customer-responsive business, one that looks outwardsat customers and competitors, rather than inwards at its own processesand the way things were done in the past. In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 people - or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing anticipated.From being an engineering company, Concordia is now remaking itself as a service company. The role of employee communication in sucha context is to build people’s self-confidence, to persuade them that, although it is inevitable that the changes will go ahead, they also bringwith them new opportunities for employees. However, this is not an easy task. People tend to be skeptical of these claims and to feel that they are losing touch with the company they have worked for over many years. This is understandable, since many of the old certainties are being swept away , including the core activities of the company they work for. Above all , they have had to face up to the fact that they no longer have a job for life.Research indicates that people respond to this predicament in a variety of ways. The bulk of employees fall into two main categories in terms of their response to the new situation: on the one hand there are the第1页/共6页“ pragmatists” and on the other “ the highly anxious” the former see their job as a means to an end and have a relatively short-term perspective, with strong loyalty to their local term , rather than the company as a whole . The second category, usually the majority, may respond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down, and even feel anger at the company for what they see as changing the terms of their employment.` The employee communication process needs to be capable of accurately directing its messages at a variety of employee groups and departments within the workforce . this is why middle managers and line managers are so key to communication. They are the people who know about the full rage of concerns among the workforce. The problem in the past was that this crucial area was often the responsibility of a separate, relatively isolated unit. Concordia puts responsibility for communication firmly on line managers. All their research points to the same conclusion: people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers. That is the key relationship and where arguments and hearts and minds –are lost.The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soon as you can. If you can’t provide details, then at least put the news in context and commit yourself to providing greater detail when it becomes available another rule of company communication is that there must be a fit between what the company is telling its employees and what it is telling its shareholders.15 In the last eight years, Concordia hasA made over 80.000 employees reduncdantB completed a period of downsizingC reduced its workforce of 80.000 by 35%第2页/共6页D given 35% of departing employees voluntary redundancy16 From Concordia’s point of view, the role of communication is toA win employee support before going ahead with the changesB change the company’s core activities.C emphasise the positive aspects of the changesD explain the need for the changes17 what does research show about most employees’ response to change?A they expect it to have a bad effect on the companyB they feel completely powerlessC they become less loyalD they fell they have been treated unfairly18 Concordia’s communication process mainly relies onA printed communicationB departmental headsC personal communicationD a separate, specialized unit19 According to the writer, what is the guiding principle about第3页/共6页giving information within an organization?A Never make promises about future developmentsB Give people an overall view at the earliest possible stageC always include plenty of hard informationD Hold back until all the details can be provided20 which of the following would be the most suitable title for the article?A employee attitudes to company communicationB making company communication more effectiveC Researching company commmucationD Making employees feel less powerless文章取材自一本管理手册，说的是一个组织里的有效沟通问题。
商务英语BEC高级真题及答案
商务英语BEC高级真题及答案商务英语BEC高级真题及答案当前我国迫切需要一大批熟练把握外语,通晓商务知识,熟悉国际商务环境,善于跨文化交际的国际型商务人才，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的商务英语BEC高级真题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!The Negotiating T ableYou can negotiate virtually anything. Projects, resources, expectations and deadlines are all outcomes of negotiation. Some people negotiate deals for a living. Dr Herb Cohen is one of these professional talkers, called in by companies to negotiate on their behalf . He approaches the art of negotiation as a game because, as he is usually negotiating for somebody else, he says this helps him drain the emotional content from his conversation. He is working in a competitive field and needs to avoid being too adversarial. Whether he succeeds or not, it is important to him to make a good impression so that people will recommend him.The starting point for any deal, he believes, is to identify exactly what you want from each other. More often than not, one party will be trying to persuade the other round to their point of view. Negotiation requires two people at the end saying ‘yes”. This can be a problem because one of them usually begins by saying “no”. However, although this can make talks more difficult, this is often just a starting point in the negotiation game. Top management may well reject the idea initially because it is the safer option but they would not be there if they were not interested.It is a misconception that skilled negotiators are smooth operators in smart suits. Dr Cohen says that one of his strategies is to dress down so that the other side can relate to you. Pitchyour look to suit your customer. You do not need to make them feel better than you but, For example, dressing in a style that is not overtly expensive or successful will make you more approachable. People will generally feel more comfortable with somebody who appears to be like them rather than superior to them. They may not like you but they will feel they can trust you.Dr Cohen suggests that the best way to sell your proposal is by getting into the world of the other side. Ask questions rather than give answers and take an interesst in what the other person is saying, even if you think what they are saying is silly. You do not need to become their best friends but being too clever will alienate them. A lot of deals are made on impressions. Do not rush what you are saying---put a few hesitations in , do not try to blind them with your verbal dexterity. Also, you should repeat back to them what they have said to show you take them seriously.Inevitably some deals will not succeed. Generally the longer the negotiations go on, the better chance they have because people do not want to think their investment and energies have gone to waste. However , joint venture can mean joint risk and sometimes , if this becomes too great , neither party may be prepared to see the deal through . More common is a corporate culture clash between companies, which can put paid to any deal. Even having agreed a deal, things may not be tied up quickly because when the lawyers get involved, everything gets slowed down as they argue about small details.De Cohen thinks that children are the masters of negotiation. Their goals are totally selfish. They understand the decision-making process within families perfectly. If Mum refuses their request , they will troop along to Dad and pressure him. If al elsefails, they will try the grandparents, using some emotional blackmail. They can also be very single-minded and have an inexhaustible supply of energy for the cause they are pursuing. So there are lesson to be learned from watching and listening to children.15 Dr Cohen treats negotiation as a game in order toA put people at easeB remain detachedC be competitiveD impress rivals16 Many people say “no” to a suggestion in the beginning toA convince the other party of their point of viewB show they are not really interestedC indicate they wish to take the easy optionD protect their company’s situation17 Dr Cohensays that when you are trying to negotiate you shouldA adapt your style to the people you are talking toB make the other side feel superior to youC dress in a way to make you feel comfortable.D try to make the other side like you18 According to Dr Cohen, understanding the other person will help you toA gain their friendshipB speed up the negotiationsC plan your next move.D convince them of your point of view19 Deals sometimes fail becauseA negotiations have gone on too longB the companies operate in different waysC one party risks more than the other.D the lawyers work too slowly20 Dr Cohen mentions children’s negotiation techniques to show that you shouldA be prepared to try every routeB try not to make people feel guiltyC be careful not to exhaust yourselfD control the decision-making process.关于negotiating techniques的文章。
BEC剑桥商务英语(高级)2_真题(含答案与解析)-交互(619)
BEC剑桥商务英语(高级)2(总分22, 做题时间149分钟)SECTION 1 (Questions 1-8) -Look at the statements (marked 1-8) below and the five extracts from an article (marked A-E). -Which article (marked A-E) does each statement (marked 1-8) refer to? -You will need to use some of these letters (marked A-E) moreAManagers control other employees. This is a vital function of management that varies only in degree and style. One area of change threatens to reduce the degree substantially: the "dilution" of control downward. A key function from the beginning, control shares the collective essence of management with planning, organizing, staffing, and directing. Some would add two more: innovating and representing. Today, many prefer a less autocratic-sounding word, but the logic remains convincing: Somebody must "run things". By implication, monitoring that process is also necessary if an effective, profitable organization is to be realized.BSome control has already been diluted when the authority to make decisions in the boss''s name is delegated. Needed especially as organizations grow larger, delegation almost inevitably generates tension. Managers know they should and must delegate, for many reasons. No matter how skilled and experienced, one person canneither do everything nor make all necessary decisions. Even if that superhuman ability existed, the development of promotable subordinates would be compromised.CRegardless of how necessary and desirable, however, delegation remains difficult. Typically, managers view letting a "less qualified person" do the job as illogical. They also fear potential loss of power and control. Despite such resistance, recent years have seen greater pressure to delegate. Those who like to invent terminology might call the new situation "delegation-plus", or perhaps "macro-delegation". Even the basic word might be ready for retirement.DIn other words, long-existing delegation of authority down the chain of command has been supplemented greatly by widespread "empowerment". Decision-making has been "pushed downward" with a vengeance. Emphasis has been placed on decentralization and multiple teams. Causes are both philosophical and practical. Some see apervasive paradigm shift. A vigorous effort is being made in benchmark firms not only to seek constantly better ways to do things but to do so more democratically, for assumed long-run effectiveness. One way to do this is to push organizational decision-making downward. Practically speaking, this effort is complemented by widespread downsizing. The restructuring that accompanies it: often means reducing the number of middle managers. In the resulting "flat" organizations, those who remain wield broader spans of control or management, meaning they have more people to supervise.EDespite its popularity and even urgency, downward shifting provokes serious questions. Is it possible to reduce a manager''s operational control too much? Is the concept of "diminishing returns" likely, as in economic theory? The trend has been long ongoing! if that point does exist, how close are we? Is endless decentralization logical? Delegation per se does not have to compromise management control; should not, in fact, provided the needed skill exists. But the danger is always present.0. Controlling is significant in management however it changes to some extent. (E)SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.However managers are afraid of losing control, the pressure to delegate has been seen recently.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.With the development of companies, more decision-makings are authorized in the boss's name.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.Companies should place their emphasis on decentralization and group work for philosophical and practical reasons.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:HSSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.Definition of controlling reflects a democratic aspect of management.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN5.Empowerment is a good supplement to the delegation of authority downward.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:HSSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.Though it is popular and urgent, downward shifting in management raises many serious questions.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:ESSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.More rights have to be given to promotable subordinates, even though the boss is competent.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.Though nowadays many people like a more collective-sounding word, running and monitoring is also significant.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:ASECTION 2 (Questions 9-14) -Read the passage below and choose the best sentence from the list (marked A,B,C…) to fill each of the blanks. -DO NOT use any choice more than once. -There is an example at the beginning (0) of the passage.In an uncertain economic environment, top management will be interested in asset management and flow management. (0) . They can represent over 50 percent of manufactures'' total asset, and more than 80 percent of wholesalers'' and retailers'' total assets.When top management mandates a reduction in accounts receivable and/or inventories, its objective is to improve cash flow and reduce **pany''s investment in assets. (9). But reduction in the terms of sale, or even enforcement of the stated terms of sale, in effect changes tile **ponent ofthe firm''s marketing mix. (10).The arbitrary reduction of accounts receivable and/or inventories in the absence of technological change or changes in the logistics system can have a devastating impact on corporate profit performance.(11). First, the change alters the manufacturer''s price and therefore **petitive position of its products, which may lead to decreased sales. Second, it **plicates the cash flow problems of the manufacturer''s customers. Forcing faster payment of invoices causes channel members to improve their cash flow by reducing their inventories of the manufacturer''s products. (12). This situation may also result in stock-out of the manufacturer''s products as the wholesale or retail level of the channel, further reducing sales volume.Similarly, a manufacturer''s policy of arbitrarily reducing inventory level to increase inventory sums, in the absence of a system change, may escalate transportation costs and/or production setup costs as the logistics system scrambles to achieve thespecified customer service levels with lower inventories (assuming**pany was efficiently and effectively distributing products prior to the policy change). (13). In this case, customer service levels would be eroded, and a decrease in market share might result. (14).A. However, if management concentrates on system changes that improve logistics efficiency and/or effectiveness, it may be able to satisfy all of the firm''s objectives.B. Usually, management assumes that revenues and other costs will remain the same.C. They do so by placing smaller, more frequent orders, which may increase total logistics cost for both the manufacturer and its customers.D. In either set of circumstances, the increased cost of transportation and/or production or the lost sales contribution could far exceed the savings in inventory carrying cost.E. If a manufacturer changes its terms of sale, for example, the effect on wholesalers and retailers will be twofold.F. In addition, simply reducing the level of inventory can significantly increase the cost of logistics if current inventories have been set at a level that allows the firm to achieve least total cost logistics for a desired level of customer service.G. Alternatively, pressure to reduce expenses may preclude the use of premium transportation or increased production setups to achieve the desired customer service levels with smaller inventory.H. The two **mon strategies used to improve cash flow and return on assets are: (l) reducing accounts receivable and (2) reducing the investment in inventory, as inventories and accounts receivable are a major portion of corporate assets.EXAMPLE：The correct answer for blank (0) is [H].SSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:FSSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:ESSS_SIMPLE_SIN12.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN13.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:GSSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:HSECTION 3 (Questions 15-20) -Read the article below and answer questions that follow.The tariff-jumping motive for FDI is well developed in the literature. The trade-of foreign firms typically face in these models is based on the level of the tariff when exporting versus the boardcost associated with setting up a manufacturing plant abroad. Other **pare the effects of tariffs with the effects of quota and voluntary export restraints (VERs) and have shown how the profit gain for foreign firms due to VERs lowers the propensity to engage in FDI. While the use of tariffs, quota and VERs has been reduced as a result of multilateral trade negotiations, the use of other trade policy instruments, notably antidumping, has increased. Recent empirical work has confirmed that the FDI response to antidumping actions is certainly not uncommon, in particular in case of antidumping actions targeting Japanese firms, in a recent study, analyses duty-jumping FDI by firms based in other countries than Japan. The antidumping jumping FDI is very limited in scale in case firms without international experience based in developing countries are targeted.Given the demonstrated importance of FDI responses to antidumping actions, it is surprising that the theoretical literature on the effects of antidumping law have by and large ignored the issue of antidumping jumping. In a symmetric model of two countries considering reciprocal (anti-)dumping and reciprocal FDI, they find that producers in both countries would gain from the abolition of antidumping law from the WTO statute. This result is driven by the fact that reciprocal antidumping jumping FDI **petition and reduces profits of domestic firms.All types of international price discrimination with the lower price charged in the EU can classify as dumping, at least for products for which there are close EU substitutes. We explicitly consider a clause in EU antidumping law that allows the EU administration to settle antidumping actions either by levying duties or by demanding price undertakings from the foreign exporting firms. Our model shows that this decision will depend on the objective function of the EU administration, which may vary between protecting the interests of EU industry only (maximizing producer surplus) and also taking into account the interests of consumers and user industries (maximizing EU social welfare). The former corresponds to the direct objective of antidumping law. Pursuing the latter is in line with the public interests'' embedded in EU antidumping law by which the EU Commission is held to consider repercussions on consumers and user industries. A second aspect of EU antidumping incorporated in the model is that the level of duties and price undertakings is typically determined by the degree to which foreign firms undercut EU producers'' prices on the EU market. This rule isapplied to ensure that antidumping measures remove the injury to EU industry. The rule limits the discretionary power of the EU administration in determining duty and price undertaking levels.Contrary to the symmetric model of Haland and Wooton, weexplicitly take on boardcost asymmetries, viz. a cost advantage of the foreign firm. Such a cost advantage is a most likely reason for price undercutting by foreign exporters resulting in antidumping actions. We allow cost advantages to be either ''firm-specific'', in which case they are internationally transferable through FDI, or''location specific''. We show that the occurrence of duty jumping FDI in the EU requires that the foreign firm''s cost advantage is at least partly firm specific. In the next section we present the model for the case of products which are sufficiently close substitutes (''like'' products) and firm-specific cost advantages, assuming that the EU administration is able to commit to antidumping actions before the foreign firm''s investment decision, and allowing two alternative policy objectives (producer surplus and social welfare).For this purpose we used a three-stage model. In the first stage, the EU administration decides whether to take antidumping measures, and if so, whether to levy a duty or allow a price undertaking. In the second stage the foreign firm decides whether to serve the EU market through export or FDI. In the third stage, the foreign firm is engaged in **petition with a local firm on the EU market, whichoffers close substitute products. Injury arises from a production cost advantage of the foreign firm, which may either be location specific, for example, based on lower foreign wages or firm specific like based on a transferable technological advantage.SSS_SINGLE_SEL15.According to the first paragraph, what does the study about tariff-jumping motive show?A The welfare and strategic effects of antidumping laws under alternative market structures.B Industries' incentives to petition for antidumping.C These studies show under which conditions foreign firms prefer to set up local production units over exporting when serving distant markets.D The potential effect of antidumping measures in strengthening collusive practices.该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL16.What does the evidence show in the second paragraph?A The evidence suggests that EU firms show a comparable FDI response if they are targeted by US antidumping actions.B The evidence shows the possibility of a 'protection building equilibrium'.C A foreign firm that intends to engage in second period FDI increases its first period export in order to increase the level of protection faced by the rival foreign firm.D The evidence implies that they are concerned with the effects of economic integration involving the abolition of antidumping law.该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL17.After reading the first three paragraphs, what do you think the two studies deal with?A The two studies examine antidumping jumping FDI in the context of EU antidumping practices.B Two studies deal with the relationship between antidumping and FDI.C They analyze the conditions under which antidumping jumping FDI occurs.D They explain the output and welfare effects of antidumping actions.该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL18.What does the writer imply in the fourth paragraph?A An antidumping duty is akin to a tariff.B A price undertaking is a commitment by the foreign firm to raise its price.C The conditions under which undertakings are allowed are not well articulated in EU antidumping law.D An EU antidumping case can only be initiated when imports are dumped on the European market and cause material injury.该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL19.From the fifth paragraph, in the case of cost advantages, what does FDI imply?A It implies that it is often a feature of exporters based in developing countries.B It implies that foreign firms relinquish their cost advantage and produce at the same marginal cost as those of EU producers.C It implies the differences in FDI responses between firms from developed and developing countries.D It implies that in EU antidumping practice, a substantial number of cases are settled through price-undertakings.该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL20.What is the main theme of this article?A The article is about the effects of EU antidumping policy when foreign firms can jump antidumping duties in the EU.B The article shows that duty jumping or duty pre-empting FDI occurs if the EU administration has broader objectives.C The article is about the expectation of price undertakings reduces the incentives to engage in FDI and may even discourage.D The article shows that FDI as long as products are not too differentiated.该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:ASECTION 4 (Questions 21-30) -Read the article below and choose the best answer to fill each blank from the 4 choices marked A,B,C, and D. -The answer for blank (0) has been given as an example.INTERNET: A COST-EFFECTIVE WAY TO PROMOTE BUSINESSThe Internet is changing the way people shop and purchase goods. It has created a new market (0) great opportunities for people running a small home-business and gives them a big advantage over the typical retail establishment. Before, if a customer wanted to buy a stereo for example, they had to jump into their car, go to a (31) stores to see who has the best price, deal with the traffic and wait in long lines, then make the purchase. With the Internet, (32) is done right from **fort of the consumer''s home. They simply point & click. There is (33) limit to the amount of business that a web merchant can bring in from on-line sales and it can be done right from your home. You are not limited to state or national boundaries. The whole world is your customer base! Compared to say a local flower shop (34) is limited to only the customers within that general area.The World Wide Web has created an avenue for individuals to set up shop and generate high profits (35) the expensive overhead costs of a brick and mortar storefront. It has given an opportunity for small businesses to give the appearance of a large, well-**pany, which puts (36) on a level playing field to compete (37) the**panies. It is a low-maintenance low-cost form of advertising your products and services. To get set up with your own on-line store is extremely easy and inexpensive. In fact, it''s the most cost-effective way to reach many thousands of buyers (38) the globe. Having a website is a must for (39) company doing business today to **petitive and offer convenience to (40) customers. If you don''t have a website, chances are **petitors will, and they will make the sale.EXAMPLE：The correct answer for blank (0) is “WITH ”.SSS_FILL21.该问题分值: 0.1答案:FEWSSS_FILL22.该问题分值: 0.1答案:THIS/ITSSS_FILL23.该问题分值: 0.1答案:NOSSS_FILL24.该问题分值: 0.1答案:THAT/WHICHSSS_FILL25.该问题分值: 0.1答案:WITHOUTSSS_FILL26.该问题分值: 0.1答案:THEMSSS_FILL27.该问题分值: 0.1答案:WITHSSS_FILL28.该问题分值: 0.1答案:ACROSSSSS_FILL29.该问题分值: 0.1答案:ANYSSS_FILL30.该问题分值: 0.1答案:THEIRSECTION 5 (Questions 31-40) -Read the article below, for each question 31-40, write ONE word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the blank (answer area). -There is an example at the beginning, (0).Promotions, Transfers, and SeparationsIn the past, employees stayed with a company for most or all of their working life. Today''s employees, however, are more (0) to change jobs several times as they search for better opportunities. In the United States, most organizations experience (21), costly employee (22) as employees leave for one reason or another. Turnover occurs because of promotions, transfers, and separations.A promotion is an advancement, or (23) movement within an organization to a position with increased authority, responsibility, and salary. In **panies, (24)—the length of time a person has been with **pany—is the key issue in determining who should be promoted.A transfer is a horizontal move from one job to another within a company. Transfers allow workers to obtain new skills or to find a new (25) within an organization when their old position has been (26) because of automation, decreased sales, or some other factors.A separation is the departure of the employee from the organization. Separations occur because of resignation, layoff, and retirement. Resignation is giving up one''s job (27). A layoff is (28) of employment due to slow business conditions, the elimination of specific jobs, or the closing of work facilities. Retirement is separation because of age or after a specified number of years of service.A well-organized human resources department strives to (29) losses due to separations and transfers because recruiting and training new employees is very expensive. A high turnover (30) in an organization may signal problems with the selection or training process or with **pensation program.A. ableB. impossibleC. aboutD. likelyEXAMPLE：The correct answer for blank (0) is D.SSS_SINGLE_SEL31.A considerableB considerateC consolableD comprehensive该问题分值: 0.1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SELA workB transferC separationD turnover该问题分值: 0.1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL 33.A horizontalB flatC verticalD fluctuating该问题分值: 0.1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL 34.A numberB seniorityC experienceD sense该问题分值: 0.1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL 35.A roleB positionC dutyD responsibility该问题分值: 0.1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL 36.A evaluatedB changedC turnedD eliminated该问题分值: 0.1SSS_SINGLE_SEL37.A voluntarilyB by oneselfC automaticallyD passively该问题分值: 0.1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL38.A decreaseB sensibilityC suspensionD pause该问题分值: 0.1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL39.A reduceB increaseC minimizeD black out该问题分值: 0.1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL40.A speed-upB rateC degreeD grade该问题分值: 0.1答案:BSECTION 6 (Questions 41-52) -Read the text below. -In most of the lines (41-52) there is ONE EXTRA WORD which is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct. -If a line is correct, writ0. Leadership is not about getting to do what they want to. If they did what TO00. they want, you wouldn''t be needed as a leader. Instead, leadership is about getting CORRECT41. people to do what they don''t want to do (or don''t think they can do so)—and be42. **mitted to doing it. This paradox lies at the heart of all great leadership.43. Unlike management, about which involves simply the care and feeding of your44. organizational elephant, great leadership gets that elephant to jump up. Anyone45. who knows anything about elephants knows about that they may run, they may46. stand on their hind legs, and they may kneel on their fore legs, they may roll over;47. but they don''t jump. And that''s what leadership is all aboutits getting organizations48. to do what they usually can''t do, i.e., getting out greatresults consistently. Now,49. you can''t do the jumping yourself. The elephant must do it out. You can''t push the50. elephant into the air. It must jump out of its own volition. Making the elephant51. jump involves that cultivating a special relationship between the leader and the52. people of the organization. Many misunderstand that relationship. They try to use fear and pain to spur the activity needed to achieve consistently great results. "Sure, I''ll get this elephant to jump. Just give me a cattle prod!" But inducing fear and pain are habit forming and ultimately destructive both to the leader and the people.SSS_FILL41.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:SOSSS_FILL42.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:CORRECTSSS_FILL43.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:ABOUTSSS_FILL44.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:UPSSS_FILL45.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:ABOUTSSS_FILL46.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:ANDSSS_FILL47.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:ITSSS_FILL48.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:OUTSSS_FILL49.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:OUTSSS_FILL50.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:OUTSSS_FILL51.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:THATSSS_FILL52.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:CORRECTPART 2 WRITING （45 MIN） SECTION 153.? The bar chart below shows the sales figures of two stores during a 9-year period.? Using the information of the chart, write a **paring the performances of the two stores.? Write 120—140 words on your Answer Sheet.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1答案:The aim of this report is to compare the performances of two stores, namely Robinsons and Olsons. The report is based on the sales figures between 1994 and 2003.In 1994, sales of Robinsons were at $ 10 million. During the following 5 years sales increased steadily and peaked at $15 million in 1999 . They then decreased significantly and ended down at $5 million in 2003.In contrast, sales of Olsons began lower at almost $ 5 million in 1994, then by 1999 had doubled and continued to perform well. In 2003 sales reached the margin of $ 16 million.To sum up, we can say that **panies performed well at the beginning of the period but then Olsons continued to increase whereas Robinsons dropped and ended at a lower point than at the beginning of the 9 year period.54.Question 2**pany hopes to get insights into the hiring of adults with mild mental retardation and its effects on the running of **pany. You have been asked to write a proposal for strategies of employing mentally disabled people in **pany.Write your proposal, including the following:a brief description of the current policy of **pany regarding the hiring of disabled peoplean analysis of mentally disabled people''s capability of performing certain tasks in **panya description of the benefits from hiring these people recommendations for training strategiesQuestion 3**pany, an international hotel business, has been considering expansion in a foreign country. You have been asked to write a brief report which evaluates a particular city''s potential of being the site for a new hotel.Write the report for your manager, including the following information:why the city is a good location for a new hotelwhat merit special attention if the hotel has to be successfulwhat needs further noticeQuestion 4Your manager has received a request from one employee for reimbursement for expenses of a business visit to customers. The manager has decided that some of the expenses should not be covered by **pany. You have been asked to write a letter informing this employee of this decision.Write the letter to the employee,acknowledging his right for reimbursement for some business expensesclarifying the expenses that will not be covered and explaining whystating the procedure for getting reimbursement from **panySSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 0答案:Sample answer to question 3:Why New Horizons Hotels Should Develop a Hotel in PragueThis report is intended to imply a decision that New Horizons Hotels should open a five-star hotel in Prague staffed by an international management team and international workers. It is also suggestible that additional research be made to decide whether to build a new hotel or buy an existing property.Both a tourist and business destination, Prague is an attractive site for a new hotel. Prague needs many more hotel rooms than it has; occupancy is high.Competition for a five-star hotel is limited. TheIntercontinental is too old to be a **petitor) the Panorama and Park are not in the center of the city; and the International is a leisure spa, not a business hotel. To have the **petitive advantage. New Horizons' hotel should be located in the shopping and business center of the city with ample banquet and conference space, parking, and modem facilities such as a health center, sauna, pool, and squash court.The number of trained personnel to work in the tourism industryis insufficient. Managers do not understand Western management methods. Workers have not been trained to give friendly, high-quality service. And only a few people speak English and other Western languages. New Horizons should bring in an international management team and international workers to provide the service international travelers expect in a five-star hotel.More information is needed to decide whether to build a new hotel or buy an existing property. Building a new hotel would be the simplest option, since any existing building would need extensive revision. However, an existing building would have architectural and perhaps historic interest and might be more appealing to tourists.PART 3 LISTENING （30 MIN） NOTE: IN THE REAL TEST, YOU WILL HAVE EXTRA 10 MINUTES TO TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO YOUR ANSWER SHEET. SECTION 1 (Questions 1-12) -You will hear 3 conversations or messages. -Write ONE or TWO words or a number in the numberedBUSINESS PRESENTATION。
BEC商务英语高级真题及解析
BEC商务英语高级真题及解析1 Genuine feedback would release resources to be used elsewhere.2 Managers are expected to enable their staff to work effectively.3 Experts are unlikely to facilitate a move to genuine feedback.4 There are benefits when methods of evaluating performance have been negotiated.5 Appraisals tend to focus on the nature of the face-to-face relationship between employees and their line managers.6 The idea that employees are responsible for what they do seems reasonable.7 Despite experts’ assertion, management structures prevent genuine feedback8 An increasing amount of effort is being dedicated to the appraisal process.APerformance appraisal is on the up and up. It used to represent the one time of year when getting on with the work was put on hold while enormous quantities of management hours were spent in the earnest ritual of rating and ranking performance. Now the practice is even more frequent. This of course makes it all the more important how appraisal is conducted. Human resources professionals claim that managersshould strive for objectivity and thus for feedback ratherthan judgement. But the simple fact of the matter is that the nature of hierarchy distorts the concept of feedback because performance measure are conceived hierarchically. Unfortunately, all too many workers suffer from theinjustices that this generates.BThe notion behind performance appraisal- that workers should be held accountable for their performance-is plausible. However, the evidence suggests that the premise is wrong. Contrary to assumptions appraisal is not an effective meansof performance improvement- it is judgement imposed ratherthan feedback, a judgement imposed by the hierarchy. Useful feedback , on the other hand, would be information that told both the manager and worker how well the work system functioned, and suggested ways to make it better.CWithin the production system at the car manufacturer Toyota, there is nothing that is recognizable as performance appraisal. Every operation in the system has an associated measure. The measure has been worked out between theoperators and their manager. In every case, the measure is related to the purpose of the work. That measure is the basis of feedback to the manager and worker alike. Toyota’s basic idea is expressed in the axiom “bad news first” . Both managers and workers are psychologically safe in the knowledge that it is the system- not the worker –that is the primary influence on perf ormance. It is management’s。
剑桥商务英语高级BEC模拟试题及答案
剑桥商务英语高级BEC模拟试题及答案剑桥商务英语高级BEC模拟试题及答案Keep conscience clear,then never fear.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的剑桥商务英语高级BEC模拟试题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!Read the text about career-planning services.Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps .For each gap 9– 14, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet .Do not use any letter more than once .There is an example at the beginning .(0)Your Career Path Can Lead You AnywhereWe used to be advised to plan our careers. We were told to make a plan during the later stages of our education and continue with it through our working lives.(0)_____ some people still see careers in this way. However, to pursue a single option for life has always been unrealistic.Planning for a single career assumes that we set out with a full understanding of our likes and dislikes and the employment opportunities open to us. (9)____ For most people this degree of certainty about the future does not exist.Our initial choice of career path and employer is often based on inadequate knowledge and false perceptions. But with age and experience, we develop new interests and aptitudes and our priorities alter. The structure of the employment market and, indeed of employment itself, is subject to change as both new technologies and new work systems are introduced (10) _____ We must face the uncertainties of a portfolio career.It is clear from the recent past that we cannot foresee the changes which will affect our working lives. The pace of change is accelerating , as a result of which traditional career plans will be of very limited use. (11)_____ They will need updating to reflect changes in our own interests as well as in the external work environment. Flexible workers already account for about half the workforce. (12)______ We are likely to face periods as contract workers, self-employed freelances, consultants, temps or part-timers.Many employers encourage staff to write a personal development development (PDP) (13)_____ Although some people use it only to review the skills needed for their job, a PDP could be the nucleus of wider career plan –setting out alternative long-term learning needs and a plan of self-development.A report issued by the Institute of Employment Studies advises people to enhance their employability by moving from traditional technical skills towards the attainment of a range of transferable skills. (14)_____ Instead, special schemes should be established to encourage people to examine their effectiveness and to consider a wider range of needs.0 A B C D E F G HA This dual effect means that the relationship between employers and workers has evolved to such and extent that we can no longer expect a long-term relationship with one employer.B. It carries an implicit assumption that we ourselves, and the jobs we enter, will change little during our working lives.C. This growth suggests that a career plan should not be expressed only in terms of full-time employment but should make provision for the possibility of becoming one of the.D this is a summary of one’s personal learning needs andan action plan to meet them.E Consequently, they must now accommodate a number of objectives and enable us to prepare for each on a contingency basis.F However, it warns that employers often identify training needs through formal appraisals, which take too narrow a view of development.G . Such a freelance of consultant would be constantly in demand.H We were expected to work towards that one clear goal and to consider a career change as a bad thing.参考答案:9 B 10 A 11E 12C 13D 14F9.本段是说在职业生涯中设立一个单独的目标的'影响。
bec商务英语真题及答案解析
bec商务英语真题及答案解析BEC商务英语真题及答案解析商务英语考试（Business English Certificate，简称BEC）是指专门为那些需要运用英语进行商务沟通的人士而设计的考试。
该考试覆盖了商务英语的各个方面，包括商务写作、商务沟通、商务听力和商务阅读等。
通过BEC考试，考生能够提升自己的商务英语水平，增加在职场中的竞争力。
为了帮助考生更好地准备BEC考试，本文将结合真题来分析常见题型及答案解析，以期为考生提供一定的帮助。
第一部分：商务阅读（Reading）商务阅读是BEC考试中的重要组成部分，主要考察考生对商务文本的理解和应用能力。
下面以一道题目为例进行解析。
题目：A company wants to reduce its carbon emissions as part of its corporate social responsibility initiatives. The company is considering implementing various measures, including switching to renewable energy sources and improving energy efficiency in its facilities. It has sought the advice of a consulting firm to help evaluate the cost-effectiveness and feasibility of these measures. Based on the report provided by the consulting firm, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The company wants to increase its carbon emissions.B. The company is not concerned about reducing its carbon emissions.C. The consulting firm will evaluate the potential benefits of switching to renewable energy sources.D. The consulting firm will not provide any suggestions on improving energy efficiency.解析：根据题目，公司希望减少碳排放作为企业社会责任的一部分，并考虑实施一些措施，包括转向可再生能源和提高设施的能源效率。
BEC高级阅读精选题目及参考答案
BEC高级阅读精选题目及参考答案bec的阅读题相对来说不难拿分，为了帮助大家积累更多做题经验，下面小编给大家带来BEC高级阅读精选题目及参考答案。
BEC高级阅读精选题目Issues in the recruitment worldIn the competitive world of investment banking, good senior executives are not easy to find. So what should the industry's hard-pressed directors do when they need to find senior staff? Increasingly, they decide to call in the headhunters. These are busy and profitable times for the recruitment agencies that dominate the world of executive search and selection.(0) .....They needed new people to revitalise their operations, and the result has been a boom in the recruitment market. Pinnacle, a leading recruitment agency, has helped various UK investment banks to rebuild their entire senior management teams. It is hard to overstate the significance of this. (8)............But now everything has changed, and Pinnacle is not the only major player in the field. Some analysts believe that rival recruitment specialists ALT Associates has a larger share of the market. However, there is little doubt that over its 13-year history, Pinnacle and its chairman, Matthew Edwards, have built up an impressive reputation.Edwards estimates that his company controls between 10 and 15 per cent of the headhunting market for senior investment banking jobs in the UK. (9)............Rather, it is the high-calibre jobs and people that Pinnacle deals with that define the company's success. For example, the company was recently commissioned to find a new chairman for NBS Bank, a vacancy that was one of the most talked about in the banking world.Most HR directors recognise that headhunters such as Pinnacle play a valuable role in the recruitment process.(10)............Some are concerned that a few companies, including Pinnacle, have too much power over high-level recruitment.(11)............As Tim Davidson, HR Director at Cawfield Bank, explains, They can be kingmakers. These are the people who decide who gets a future and who doesn't. If Edwards forms a view about an individual, it can affect their ability to get a particular job. That view could just have been formed on a bad day.' (12)............ Final decisions in the selection process are always taken by his clients, he says, whoever they are.The role of headhunters should not be exaggerated. Many companies never use them. But as top executives are hard to find, there will always be a role for people like Matthew Edwards.A Although others may put it lower, it is important to remember that the company's reputation is not based on market share alone.B Their chief worry is that the headhunters can now make or break managerial careers.C According to Edwards, this is a further indication that the way Pinnacle searches for a candidate tends to favour a certain type of manager.D But this acceptance does not mean they are universally happy, either with the state of the market or with Pinnacle's role within it.E Until a few years ago, even the biggest companies were unlikely to use headhunters to fill more than one or two jobs a year.F Edwards objects to this suggestion, claiming that all he does is find candidates and encourage them to apply for aparticular post.G A number of big investment banks recently decided to make changes to their management boards after disappointing end-of-year results.BEC高级阅读答案解析《Issues in the recruitment world》，招聘世界里的话题。
剑桥商务英语证书考试（BEC）-第2章剑桥商务英语证书考试（BEC）高级真题及详解（第3辑）-Te
剑桥商务英语证书考试（BEC）-第2章剑桥商务英语证书考试（BEC）高级真题及详解（第3辑）-TeTest 2READING 1 hourPART ONEQuestions 1-8Look at the statements below and at the five extracts on the opposite page from an article about how employees are motivated.Which section of the article (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement (1-8) refer to? ? For ea ch statement (1-8), mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet. ? You will need to use some of these letters more than once.There is an example at the beginning, (0).Example:0 One of the biggest difficulties that managers face is motivating staff.1 People may perceive the same type of work very differently.2 It is important that staff gain recognition for what they have done.3 The behaviour of staff may be influenced by disappointment with what their organization provides.4 Traditional ways of motivating staff cannot be put into practice these days.5 A good salary alone is no longer enough to motivate staff.6 It is desirable for staff and their employers to have similar objectives.7 Staff should be able to improve their abilities through their work.8 Not all companies see a need to find out what motivates their staff.AEnsuring employees arrive at work geared up and ready to give their all is a major challenge facing managers today. It used to be so easy. A fat pay cheque and the promise of promotion was all that was needed to keep people committed, loyal and happy. But the world of work has changed, and nowadays, organizations cannot rely on the corporate cheque book to give them the edge. Numerous employee surveys have shown that although pay still makes people tick, a whole raft of other issues have entered the motivation equation.BOne of the pro blems is that managers often don’t appreciate they are playing in a completely new ball game, and a reliance on old-style motivational techniques just won’t work in today’s technology-driven, fast-paced business environment. For example, an employee could be working in South Africa, with a boss sitting inLondon and the main client they are dealing with based in Asia. So for someone who is very motivated by face-to-face contact and a collegiate environment, that could be a huge problem.CWhat most employees expect is the chance to work flexibly, on interesting and stimulating tasks that give them the opportunity to develop their skills and talents. Managers on the ground may not always be able to influence pay and working practices but, if they are to extract top performance from their teams, they need to know how to press the right buttons and create a culture that will inspire their workforce, a culture in which achievement is acknowledged and people feel valued.DOrganizations should focus on asking people what they want a relatively simple task that is too often considered unnecessary. However, questions about motivation have to be asked skil lfully, or you won’t get to the bottom of what really makes people go that extra mile. Two people may both say they want an interesting and stimulating job, but have widely divergent ideas of what would constitute such a position: a city trader would probably find business consultancy boring, and a consultant might be scared by the city trader’s job, but both may b e very satisfied with their own job.EThere are huge gaps between what employees expect from employers and what they actually get. For instance, employers” emphasis on employability (equipping workers with “marketable” skills) may be somewhat misguided. One study showed that what people really wanted was not employability but job security. As a result, employees had the feeling that t heir employer wasn’t delivering, which had a detrimental effect onthe employees” workplace performance and attitudes. Th e problem lies partly in a lack of communication: to ensure mutual understanding and to align employees” values and goals with those of the organization, much more conversation is needed.【答案与解析】1. D 人们对同一种工作会有不同的看法。
bec高级试题及答案
bec高级试题及答案BEC高级试题及答案一、听力部分1. 听下面一段对话，回答以下问题：(A) What is the main topic of the conversation?(B) What does the woman suggest they do next?(C) Why does the man agree with her suggestion?答案：(A) The main topic of the conversation is about organizing a team-building event.(B) The woman suggests they should invite an external trainer for the event.(C) The man agrees because he believes an external trainer can provide a fresh perspective.2. 听下面一段独白，回答以下问题：(A) What is the speaker's opinion on remote working?(B) What is the potential issue with remote working according to the speaker?(C) What solution does the speaker propose?答案：(A) The speaker believes that remote working can increase productivity.(B) The potential issue is the lack of face-to-face interaction which can lead to communication problems.(C) The speaker proposes regular video conferences to maintain team cohesion.二、阅读部分1. Read the following passage and answer the questions:(A) What is the primary purpose of the article?(B) According to the article, what are the benefits of using renewable energy?(C) What challenges does the author mention regarding renewable energy?答案：(A) The primary purpose of the article is to discuss the advantages and challenges of renewable energy.(B) The benefits include reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting energy independence.(C) Challenges include the high initial cost of renewable energy technologies and the intermittent nature of some renewable energy sources.2. Read the following business report and answer the questions:(A) What was the main reason for the company's decline in profits?(B) What measures did the company take to address the issue?(C) What was the outcome of these measures?答案：(A) The main reason for the company's decline in profits was increased competition in the market.(B) The company took measures such as reducing costs and investing in new marketing strategies.(C) The outcome was a gradual recovery in profits over the next year.三、写作部分1. Write an email to a potential client introducing your company's new product. Include the following points:- Briefly describe the product.- Explain the benefits of using the product.- Suggest a meeting to discuss further details.答案：Dear [Client's Name],I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to introduce our latest product, the [Product Name], which we believe could be of great interest to your company.The [Product Name] is designed to [brief description of the product]. It offers several benefits, including [list of benefits], which we believe could significantly enhance your operations.We would be delighted to arrange a meeting to discuss how the [Product Name] could meet your specific needs. Please let us know a convenient time for you.Looking forward to your response.Best regards,[Your Name][Your Position][Your Company]2. Write a report summarizing the key findings of a recent market research study on consumer behavior. Include the following:- The main objective of the study.- The methodology used.- The key findings and their implications for businesses.答案：The main objective of the study was to understand the changing consumer behavior in the digital age. The methodology involved conducting surveys and analyzing data from online transactions.The key findings revealed that consumers are increasingly preferring online shopping due to convenience and better deals. They also value personalized experiences and are more likely to engage with brands that offer them.These findings imply that businesses should focus on enhancing their online presence, offering personalized services, and providing competitive pricing to stay ahead in the market.四、口语部分1. Describe a situation where you had to solve a problem at work. Explain the steps you took to resolve it.答案：In a situation where I had to solve a problem at work, I first identified the root cause of the issue. Then, I gathered all relevant information and consulted with my team members. After discussing potential solutions, we decided on the most feasible one and implemented it. Finally, we monitored the results to ensure the problem was resolved.2. Discuss the importance of effective communication in a business environment.答案：Effective communication is crucial in a business environment as it ensures that all team members are on the same page. It helps in avoiding misunderstandings, promotes collaboration, and leads to better decision-making. Clear communication also contributes to a positive work culture and enhances productivity.。
BEC高级全真试题参考答案及听力材料2
ＢＥＣ高级全真试题参考答案及听力材料2Sample WritingsTask 1The number of complaints increased in most of the sectors. In 1997, there were 18,000 complaints about package holidays abroad, 12.7% up on 1994, when the number was around 15,000. The number of complaints about electric goods went up by 9.2% from 65,000 in 1994 to 70,000 in 1997. Complaints about second-hand cars, financial services increased by 6.7% and 5.2% respectively. The former increased from 80,000 in 1994 to nearly 85,000 in 1997 and the latter rose from roughly 49,000 to above 50,000 over the three years.Also obvious from the chart is that clothing is the only sector where the number of complaints dropped over the period. In 1994, there were around 45,000 co mplaints. However the number decreased to about 43,000 in 1997.Task TwoTo: Board of DirectorsFrom: Marketing DepartmentDate: November 15, 2001Re: An Increased Budget for MarketingAccording to the overall plan of the company, our department has a budget of $50,000 for the next financial year. We find it hardly enough for us to expand our business and we think another $50,000 is needed for this purpose.As is obvious to all, our company has had a very successful year, recording a sales figure of $2m in the last 12 months. And we are considering taking some measures to expand our market so as to stay competitive in the time to come.First, we are in an urgent need of employing a few more sales people who have a good command of English. We are thinking of breaking into the European market and we find it necessary to have our sales reps in the European market if we are to secure any substantial order from the customers there. The problem we have now is that none of the present staff members can speak fluent English. That s why we need to recruit some staff members with fluency in English.An expansion into such a market means more than just a few more sales people who can use English. We need to give our office space a facelift too because we have reason to expect more visitors to our company. Apart from that, the computers in our office need to be upgraded.With these done, we can even try to enter the American market after our success in the Europe. At a rough estimate, our sales figure is likely to increase by around 20% in the next year if the proposed investment is approved.。
bec商务英语试题及答案
bec商务英语试题及答案BEC商务英语试题及答案一、听力理解部分（共20分）1. What is the main topic of the meeting?A. Product developmentB. Marketing strategyC. Financial reportD. Staff trainingAnswer: B2. What is the reason for the delay in the project?A. Lack of resourcesB. Technical difficultiesC. Poor communicationD. Unforeseen circumstancesAnswer: D3. What is the woman's role in the company?A. Sales managerB. HR managerC. Finance directorD. Operations managerAnswer: A4. What is the man's opinion about the new marketing campaign?A. He thinks it's too expensive.B. He thinks it's too risky.C. He thinks it's too conservative.D. He thinks it's too innovative.Answer: C5. What is the woman's suggestion for improving customer satisfaction?A. Reducing pricesB. Offering discountsC. Enhancing product qualityD. Improving customer serviceAnswer: D二、阅读理解部分（共30分）Passage 16. According to the article, which of the following is a key factor in business success?A. LocationB. CapitalC. ManagementD. Market demandAnswer: C7. What is the author's view on the importance of a business plan?A. It is essential for every business.B. It is only necessary for large businesses.C. It is not important for small businesses.D. It is only necessary for new businesses.Answer: A8. What does the author suggest as a way to reduce business risks?A. Diversifying productsB. Expanding marketsC. Investing in technologyD. Collaborating with partnersAnswer: DPassage 29. What is the main purpose of the seminar?A. To promote a new productB. To discuss industry trendsC. To provide training on leadershipD. To introduce a new management systemAnswer: B10. Who is the target audience for the seminar?A. Business ownersB. ManagersC. EmployeesD. StudentsAnswer: A11. What is the registration fee for the seminar?A. $100B. $150C. $200D. $250Answer: B12. What is included in the seminar package?A. Lunch and refreshmentsB. AccommodationC. TransportationD. All of the aboveAnswer: A三、语法与词汇部分（共20分）13. The company has announced that it will ________ a new product next month.A. launchB. landC. dropD. releaseAnswer: A14. Despite the economic downturn, our sales ________ by 15% this year.A. have increasedB. have decreasedC. have remainedD. have fluctuatedAnswer: A15. The manager asked her team to ________ the project report before the meeting.A. finalizeB. summarizeC. reviewD. reviseAnswer: A16. The new policy will come into ________ on January 1st.A. effectB. useC. practiceD. operationAnswer: A17. The company's profits have ________ significantly due to the successful marketing campaign.A. soaredB. plummetedC. stabilizedD. fluctuatedAnswer: A四、写作部分（共30分）Task 1: Write an email to a potential client introducing your company and its services. (10 points)Dear [Client's Name],Subject: Introduction to [Your Company Name] and Our ServicesI hope this email finds you well. My name is [Your Name] and I am the [Your Position] at [Your Company Name]. I am writing to introduce our company and the services we offer, which I believe could be of great benefit to your business.[Your Company Name] is a leading provider of [industry or service type], with a strong focus on [specific area or service]. We have been in operation for [number of years] and have built a reputation for [key strengths, such as quality, innovation, customer service, etc.]. Our team consists of [number of employees] dedicated professionals who are experts in their respective fields.We offer a range of services, including [list key services], and we pride ourselves on our ability to tailor our solutions to meet the unique needs of each client. Some of our recent successes include [briefly mention any notable projects or clients].I would be delighted to discuss how [Your Company Name] can assist your company in achieving its goals. Please let me know if you would be interested in setting up a meeting or a call to explore our services further.Thank you for considering [Your Company Name]. I look forward to the opportunity to work with you.Best regards,[Your Name][Your Contact Information]Task 2: Write a report on the recent company retreat and its impact on team morale and productivity. (20 points)[Your Company Name][Date]Report on Recent Company RetreatIntroduction:The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the recent company retreat and to analyze its impact on team morale and productivity. The retreat was held on [date] at [location] and was attended by [number of participants].Objectives of the Retreat:The main objectives of the retreat were to [list objectives, such as team building, strategy planning, etc.]. The retreat was designed to [describe how the retreat was structured to meet these objectives].Activities and Events:During the retreat, a variety of activities and events were organized to [describe activities and their purposes]. These included [list specific activities], which aimed to [explain how these activities contributed to the objectives].Feedback and Evaluation:Feedback from participants was overwhelmingly positive, with many expressing that the retreat was a valuable experience. [Include any specific quotes or feedback]. A post-retreat survey was conducted to measure the impact on team morale and productivity. The results showed that [describe the results, including any improvements or changes observed].Conclusion:The retreat was a success in achieving its objectives and had a positive impact on team morale and productivity. It is recommended that similar retreats be organized in the future to continue fostering a positive work environment and enhancing team collaboration.[Your Name][Your Position]请注意，以上试题及答案仅供参考，实际BEC考试内容和格式可能有所不同。
商务英语(BEC)高级真题
商务英语(BEC)高级真题为了让大家更好的准备商务英语BEC考试，给大家整理一下剑桥BEC商务英语考试高级真题,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
历年商务英语(BEC)高级真题及参考答案一Text 1Reading 1 hour PART ONEQuestions 1 – 8Look at the statements below and at the five reports about companies on the opposite page from an article giving advice to self-employed consultants about negotiating fees for their services.Which book (A, B, C,D or E) dose each statement 1 –8 refer to ?For each statement ! – 8, make one letter (A, B, C,D or E) on your Answer Sheet .You will need to use some of these letters more than once .Example :Lack of self-confidence will put you at a disadvantage in a negotiation .0 A B C D EThis company has been involved in diversifying its business act6ivities.Although this company is doing well, it has a number of internal difficulties to deal withThis company has reduced the profits it makes on individual itemsOne statistic is a less accurate guide to this company’s performance than anotherThe conditions which have helped this company are likely to be less favourable in the futureThis company’s share price has been extremely volatile over the last twelve monthsThis company is likely to be the subject of a takeover bid in the near futureThis company’s performance exempl ifies a widely held belief历年商务英语(BEC)高级真题及参考答案二8Look at the sentences below and at the five extracts from a book about staff appraisals and feedback on the opposite page .Which new item (A, B, C ,D or E) dose each statement 1 – 8 refer to ? examwFor each statement 1 – 8 , make one letter(A, B, C ,D or E) on your Answer Sheet .You will need to use some of these letters more than once .1 Genuine feedback would release resources to be used elsewhere.2 Managers are expected to enable their staff to work effectively.3 Experts are unlikely to facilitate a move to genuine feedback.4 There are benefits when methods of evaluating performance have been negotiated.5 Appraisals tend to focus on the nature of the face-to-face relationship between employees and their line managers.6 The idea that employees are responsible for what they do seems reasonable.7 Despite experts’ assertion, management structures prevent genuine feedback8 An increasing amount of effort is being dedicated to the appraisal process.APerformance appraisal is on the up and up. It used to represent the one time of year when getting on with the work was put on hold while enormous quantities of management hours were spent in the earnest ritual of rating and ranking performance. Now the practice is even more frequent. This of course makes it all the more important how appraisal is conducted. Human resources professionals claim that managers should strive for objectivity and thus for feedback rather than judgement. But the simple fact of the matter is that the nature of hierarchy distorts the concept of feedback because performance measure are conceived hierarchically. Unfortunately, all too many workers suffer from the injustices that this generates.BThe notion behind performance appraisal- that workers should be held accountable for their performance-is plausible. However, the evidence suggests that the premise is wrong. Contrary to assumptions appraisal is not an effective means of performance improvement- it is judgement imposed rather than feedback, a judgement imposed by the hierarchy. Useful feedback , on the other hand, would be information that told both the manager and worker how well the work system functioned, and suggested ways to make it better.CWithin the production system at the car manufacturer Toyota, there is nothing that is recognizable as performance appraisal. Every operation in the system has an associated measure. The measure has been worked out between the operators and their manager. In every case, the measure is related to the purpose of the work. That measure is the basis of feedback to the manager and worker alike. Toyota’s basic idea is expressed in the axiom “bad news first” . Both managers and workers are psychologicall y safe in the knowledge that it is the system- not the worker –that is the primary influence on performance. It is management’sresponsibility to ensure that the workers operate in a system that facilitates their performance.DIn many companies , performance appraisal springs from misguided as assumptions. To judge achievement, managers use date about each worker’s activity, not an evaluation of the process or system’s achievement of purpose. The result is that performance appraisal involves managers’ judgement overruling their staff’s, ignoring the true influences on performance. Thus the appraisal experience becomes a question of pleasing the boss, particularly in meetings, which is psychologically unsafe and socially driven, determining who is “in” and who is “ out”.EWhen judgement is replaced by feedback in the true sense, organizations will have a lot more time to devote to their customers an历年商务英语(BEC)高级真题及参考答案三8Look at the sentences below and at the five managers’ comments on leadership on the opposite pageWhich new item (A, B, C ,D or E) dose each statement 1 – 8 refer to ?For each statement ! – 8 , make one letter(A, B, C ,D or E) on your Answer Sheet .You will need to use some of these letters more than once .1、Successful leadership involves making sure that employees accept new ideas.2、A good leader can bring success to a company in difficulties3、Leaders should be assessed on the basis of their achievements Examw4、The personalities of good leaders are generally different from those of other managers5、Patience is a valuable quality in a successful leader6、Leaders consider potential changes in what their company does for others7、Good leaders will encourage their staff if their organization is in difficulties8、Leaders need to adapt their behaviour to suit different circumstancesAMaurizio VernaLong-term, visionary business leaders must be prepared to invest to get what they want for their company. They know when and how to apply pressure and to take risks, when they need to display a more hands-off approach. I have a pretty clear view of my ideal business leader, and of course that’s where I ‘m trying to head: he or she should start up and grow a cash-rich, multi-interest international organization of tremendous strength and depth.BSue TuckerThe pace of technological change, and the rate at which businesses are changing , requires leaders to have a particular aptitude for technology and an understanding of the internet. A lot of people are aware of the opportunities here ,but awareness alone isn’t enough: in a true leader this needs to be coupled with clever marketing, product design and technological innovation, and keeping abreast of everything going on in the company. In fact theacid test , I think , is being able to use all of these skills to turn around a failing company.历年商务英语(BEC)高级真题及参考答案四、Multiple choices. (15%)1. _____ these advantages we do not think there is any difficulty in pushing sale.A. WithB. Together withC. WithoutD. As2. The goods are urgently needed. We ______ hope you will deliver them immediately.A. in the caseB. henceC. thereforeD. for3. The market report indicates there is ______ market in South America for about 40 tons a year.A. bigB. noC. aD. the中华考试网4. Thanks to the ______ work of our sales department, your last consignment has been all sold out.A. acceptableB. reasonableC. outstandingD. tolerable5. ______ our general agent, you would also have to look after the advertising.A. To beB. AsC. BeingD. For。
最新商务英语(BEC)考试高级阅读真题及答案
商务英语(BEC)考试高级阅读真题及答案题目PART ONEQuestions 1 – 8Look at the statements below and at the five reports about companies onλ the opposite page from an article giving advice to self-employed consultants about negotiating fees for their services.Which book (A, B, C,D or E) dose each statement 1 –8 refer to ?λFor each statement ! – 8, make one letter (A, B, C,D or E) on your Answerλ Sheet .You will need to use some of these letters more than once .λExample :0 Lack of self-confidence will put you at a disadvantage in a negotiation .0 A B C D E1. This company has been involved in diversifying its business activities.2. Although this company is doing well, it has a number of internal difficulties to deal with3. This company has reduced the profits it makes on individual items4. One statistic is a less accurate guide to this company’s performance than another5. The conditions which have helped this company are likely to be less favourable in the future6. This company’s share price has been extremely volatile over the last twelve months7. This company is likely to be the subject of a takeover bid in the near future8. This company’s performance exemplifies a widely held beliefAChemical CompanyMasterson’s interim pre-tax profits growth of 20% was somewhat inflated as a result of the income received from the disposal of several of the company’s subsidiaries. The underlying 8% rise in operating profits is a more realistic gauge of the company’s true progress. However, Masterson’s impending merger with Bentley and Knight and its appointment of a new chief executive should mean that the company will be able to sustain growth for the foreseeable fut5ure. The share price has varied little during the course of the year and now stands at ￡ 6.75BHotel GroupDuring the past year the Bowden Hotel Group has acquired 77 new properties, thus doubling in size . last week the group reported pre-tax profits of ￡ 88 million in the first six months of the year, ahead of expectations and helped by a strong performance from its London-based hotels and newly expanded US business. However. There is still some way to go. Integration of the new acquisitions is still not complete and, while the share price has risen recently, major problems with integration have yet to be solved.CHigh-tech CompanyThis time last year a share in Usertech was worth just over ￡ 1. six months ago it was worth ￡ 40. today it is priced at under ￡ 8 . if proof were need, here is an illustration of how much of a lottery the technology market can be. But some technology companies are fighting back and Usertech is one of them . What has renewed excitement in the company is the opening of its new American offices in Dallas and its ambitious plans to expand its user base in both North and Latin America.DBuilding CompanyRenton’s share price has risen gradually over the past year from ￡2.4 to ￡ 3.8 . The company has been successful in choosing prime location for its buildings and has benefited from the buoyant demand for housing. Whilst this demand is expected to slow down somewhat during the next year, investors are encouraged by the company’s decision to move into buildingsupermarkets. Work has already begun on two sites in London, and the company is expected to sign a contract within the next month for building four large supermarkets in Scotland.EPottery ManufacturerMilton Dishes has been through a shake-up over the past year. The group, which has been cutting margins and improving marketing, may post a small profit this year. The many members of the Milton family, who between them own 58 per cent of the business, have been watching the share price rise steadily and several are looking to sell. Trade rival Ruskin has bought up just over 17 percent of the shares and could well be spurred into further action by the signs of a recovery at the firm.[NextPage]答案:1 D2 B3 E4 A5 D6 C7 E8 C这种类型的题不过是一个句子换一种说法，关键是看对每一段话的理解。
商务英语bec高级考试考试题及
商务英语BEC高级考试试题及答案一、阅读理解（每题2分，共40分）Part 1: 人力资源策略1. What is the main challenge faced Company X's human resources department?A. Attracting skilled workersB. Managing employee performanceC. Implementing new training programsD. Restructuring the department答案：APart 2: 市场营销策略6. What is the primary goal of Company Y's new marketing strategy?A. To increase brand awarenessB. To target an older demographicC. To reduce marketing costsD. To expand into new markets答案：A二、写作（共20分）Part 1: 商务报告Part 2: 商务邮件三、听力理解（每题2分，共20分）Section A: 短对话理解1. Listen to the following conversation and choose the best answer:M: I think we should invest in new software to streamline our operations.W: ________. Let's discuss it at the next board meeting.B. That's a great ideaC. We don't need any changesD. I'm not sure about that答案：BSection B: 长对话理解1. Listen to the following conversation and answer the question:What is the main topic of the conversation between the two speakers?A. Company restructuringB. Employee benefitsC. Marketing strategiesD. Product development答案：A四、口语表达（共20分）Part 1: 角色扮演场景：你是一家咨询公司的项目经理，你的同事John因为个人原因无法参加即将到来的客户会议。
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B E C高级全真试题及答案详解BEC高级全真试题及详解目录BEC Higher 全真试题一 (2)Test of ReadingTest of WritingTest of ListeningBEC Higher 全真试题二 (19)Test of ReadingTest of WritingTest of ListeningBEC Higher全真试题三 (35)Test of ReadingTest of WritingTest of ListeningBEC Higher 全真试题四 (52)Test of ReadingTest of WritingTest of ListeningBEC Higher 全真试题五 (71)Test of ReadingTest of WritingTest of ListeningBEC Higher 全真试题六 (87)Test of ReadingTest of WritingTest of ListeningBECH 全真试题一 TEST OF READING PART ONE Questions 1-8• Look at the sentences below and at the five short articles about people who run their own businesses on the opposite page. • Which article does each sentence refer to?• For each sentence 1-8, mark one letter A, B, C, D or E on your Answer sheet.1 Cutting prices may increase income.2 Education can be a source of profit.3 This firm is planning for rapid expansion lf its market.4 This idea is aimed mainly at children.5 This product is connected with advertising.6 Correspondence can be a key to success.7 This business combines the old and the new.8 A company ’s situation can change in a day.A When Brenda Smith started her Manchester based restaurant, theSalt and Pepper, she was an experienced chef , but had a lot to learn about the marketing needed to make the business do well. Withsupport from her local Business Advisory Agency, she attacked the problem. She wrote to fifty people each week who she thought could generate new business, she also wrote to newspapers asking forreviews and to local businesses. She introduced set menus of twocourses for only £10 with free drinks. Her strategies worked, and she is expecting a large increase on last year’s £40,000 turnover.B Paul Kennedy had the idea of putting brand names of companies onkey-rings and pens as a form of permanent publicity, In May 1995, he approached Interworld Airlines. ”We came out of our first meeting with an order lf 1,000,000 items,” he says. That meeting transformed Kennedy’s three-year-old business, increasing his workforce from two employees to eight. Turnover is expected to increase to £1.2m this year.C Form its base in a small village, Alpha Ltd is exporting its word gameto the rest of the English-speaking world. Gary Walton inventedWordright to help teach his daughter Hannah to spell. According to Walton. “There are Wordrights in Australia, the US and even Papua New Guinea.” The company has just won a contract to supply them to South Africa. “We’re doing very well-we only started the companylast October. There is such a huge demand for tools to help withEnglish.”D Wonderlaces, a shoe lace company, is less than two years old, butentrepreneurs Martin Horne and Carol Hampden already feel they are ready to take on the export market. The partners are looking intobranching out into Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Home says, “Some places don’t have firms who specialize in this sort of thing. If we can provide them with a good deal it should work.” All the work is done by casual labour-from processing orders to packing anddelivering the laces; even the company sales are handled by an agent.E Fly-the Flag produces flags in all colours and sizes. “No order is toobig or too small,” says Sally Blackwell, the owner. ‘Our clients include embassies, hotels and sport-clubs.” What makes the companysuccessful is the application of computer-controlled technology to a traditional craft. Sally studied computers at college. Then she set up Fly-the-Flag, and she’s had to learn about business along the way.And she’s proud of it. “Most of all, I love being my own boss- I could never work for someone else.”PART TWOQuestions 9-14•Read this text from a business magazine.•Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill in each of the gaps.•For each gap 9-14, mark one letter A-H on your Answer Sheet.•Do not mark any letter twice.•There is an example at the beginning (0).Is fashion important in business?According to standard economic theory, Giorgio Armani, a world-famous Italian fashion designer, runs a simple business. His company combines inputs of labour, capital and raw material to make clothes with the best possible balance between cost and quality.enough profit to compensate him for his investment of time and money.The problem with this view is that it ignores the most important thing that designers such as Mr Armaniglance, economists would seem to have little to say about this. They may little or no knowledge of current fashions, let alone what islikely to be fashionable in future.Can economics offer more revealingstart by looking at the pattern of prices for goods affected by fashion, which tends to follow well-established cycles. Prices are high at the start of the buying season, they fall gradually as the season progresses, and then they rise again as new styles are introduced for the next period.The main reason for this isthem for less than is necessary, they initially set higher prices, then lower them if they do not sell well. A good way to measure the importance of fashion, therefore, is to look at the variation in seasonal prices. If you compare prices for men’s andwomen’s clothing during the autumn-winter season, fashion seems to play a more important role in women’s clothing than in men’s.The strength of this pattern canprices in the American car market, which also tend to follow a ‘fashion’cycle, have displayed the opposite trend. Prices in November, the beginning of the new model year, are higher than they are the following September. Since the mid-1950s, however, this seasonal gap has been narrowing steadily. Explaining this is harder than it look. It is no use, for example, simply to say that people’s tastes areeconomists argue that the different trends for cars and clothes are due less to changes in the tastes of consumers than to changes in the technology of production.A In the past few years, seasonal price variations for women’s clothinghave become more noticeable.B So when fashions come and go, they can only say that people’stastes have changed or that they have become more (or less)fashion-conscious.C If so, why do people care more about fashion when buying clothing,but less when choosing cars?D In his field, as in many other industries, the key to success is to workout what is going to be fashionable by the time a new product isready.E When producers introduce new designs, say, for cars or dresses, theydo not know how successful they will be.F As a result, most car makers have been forced to make small changeseach year.G A recent study by three economists argues that it can.H He then calculates what the demand is for his designs, and estimateshow many units he can make without costs exceeding revenues.READINGPART THREEQuestions 15-20•Read the following article from a leisure industry magazine and the questions on the opposite page.•Each question has four suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D.•Mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.Passengers on cruise: ship holidays, as they are portrayed on TV programmes and films, usually appear to be both rich and elderly. Such people do not, however, accurately represent the 6.8m passengers who took this kind of holiday last year. Over the last few years the world cruise industry has concentrated on appealing to younger, less wealthy people, giving them an experience more like a floating disco than the traditional quiet holiday on a luxury ship. Even families with young children are no longer so rare on cruise ships. Partly as a result, the number of passengers taking a cruise has increased by an average of 8.5% a year since 1990.Cruise Star is now the world's largest cruise line, The other two major companies are Intersail and Seaways. Together these three carry nearly half the world's cruise passengers and make almost all the industry's profits. For the 30 or so smaller firms, life is much tougher. That is bf>.cause sheer size brings so many benefits to the large firms. They can negotiate bulk discounts on supplies such as food and fuel, and even, if they order enough of them, on ships. A secondary disadvantage for the smaller operators is that they cannot spread overheads such as marketing as broadly. A significant part of the cost of sending people on a cruise happens before they go on board the ship. The three large companies between them spend more than £ 100m a year on TV advertising in America. They employ armies of salesmen. Delivering passengers tothe ship is part of the package deal and. once again, volume means savings: Cruise Star is the biggest single buyer of airline tickets in America.Cruise Star has ten ships, with four more on order for delivery by 1999. Intersail is building at a similar rate, hoping to expand today's fleet often ships to 14 by 1998. Seaways will add three more ships to its present nine. The 30 ships on order throughout the industry will increase cruising capacity by 40% by 1998. Some analysts suspect that even the big companies will find it difficult to fill all those extra cabins. They make a comparison with the overcapacity in the airline market in the early 1990s, when aircraft ordered at a time of growth arrived during the recession. And they point out that, after steady growth, the American market was flat in 1995, with firms offering discounts up to 30% in order to fill cabins. The big firms reckon that this pessimism is overdone. This year has started well. But if the industry's outlook ends up being rougher than it hopes, many smaller firms will face a choice: go for specialised business, go out of business, or get taken over by a larger business. Already more than 40 small companies offer an increasing variety of cruises, ranging from archaeological tours of the Black Sea to ecological cruises to the Galapagos Islands, This trend seems set to continue, although in fast-growing Asia, a few mid-sized firms may one day rise to challenge the top three. However, in moreestablished markets, smaller firms are being squeezed out. For instance, Gentle Waves, which has debts of $850m, has already been approached by Cruise Star, who wanted to buy a majority share of the company. The negotiations came to nothing, but analysts think they will revive if Gentle Waves' problems continue.15 Cruises are becoming more popular with passengers whoA want a quiet holiday.B demand a high degree of luxury.C want a family holiday.D can afford to pay top prices.16 The main benefit the large firms have is that they canA run large marketing departments.B sell their tickets more cheaply.C afford better quality advertising.D arrange to pay reduced prices.17 What problem do analysts think cruise companies may have?A They will be dependent on the airline business.B They will not be able to sell enough tickets.C They will have to face a recession.D They will not be able to offer discounts.18 What are small firms doing in order to stay in business?A amalgamating with bigger companies.B moving their base to Asia.C offering more specialized types of cruisesD joining together to form new companies19 Cruise Star didn’t buy a share in Gentle WavesA but they might do so in the future.B because its debts were too big.C but they think they should have done.D because it was the wrong size.20 Which would be the best title for this text?A Cruise Business in TroubleB A Triangle of Cruise CompaniesC Smaller is Better Size is the key to successD Size is the Key to SuccessPART FOURQuestions 21-30•Read the article below about bicycles made of bamboo.•Choose the best word from the opposite page to fill each gap.•For each question 21-30 mark one letter A, B, C or D on your AnswerSheet.0 A made B constructedC createdD designed21 A operations B purposes C applicationsD practices22 A across B Up C over D off32 A widely B greatly C hugely D largely 24 A withstandB masterC supportD overcome25 A prove B achieve C work D catch26 A correct B proper C right D fit27 A need B Lack C want D failing28 A progress B motion C movementD advance29 A plan B opportunityC hopeD prospect30 A thoroughly B Fully C entirely D absolutelyExample:PART FIVEQuestions 31-40Read the article below about language learning for small businesses.For each question 31-40 write one word in the space on your Answer Sheet.ExamplePART SIXQuestions 41-50•In most lines of the following text, there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. •For each numbered line41-50, find the unnecessary word and then write the word in the space on your Answer Sheet. Some lines are correct.Indicate these lines with a tick (√).•There are two examples.ExampleTEST OF WRITINGPART ONE•The graph below shows how prices of consumer goods in three European countries have varied over a period of 25 years.•Using the information from the graph, write a short report describing and comparing variations in prices in these countries over this period. •Write about 100 words on your Answer Sheet.Prices of consumer GoodsPART TWO•You have seen a job with a multi-national company advertised in a newspaper.•Write a letter to the company applying for the job. Refer to relevant factors such as the nature of the job and why you are interested in it, your qualifications and experience, what you are doing now and what you could contribute to the position.•Write no less than250 words on your Answer Sheet.TEST OF LISTENINGPART ONEQuestions 1-12•You will hear a speaker addressing a group of business people at the beginning of a training course. He is telling them about the timetable for the first day.•As you listen, for questions 1-12, complete the notes using up to three words or a number.•You will hear the recording twice.PART TWOQuestions 13-22•You will hear extracts from five different people, who all work in the offices of a large company, talking about letters they have just received. •For each extract there are two tasks. For Task One, choose what was in the letter received from the list A-H. For Task Two, choose the response the speaker intends to make from the list I-P.•You will hear the recording twice.TASK ONE –WHAT THE LETTER CONTAINS•For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the descriptions of what was in the letter, listed A-H.•For each extract, choose what was in the letter.•Write one letter A-H next to the number of extract.13┄┄┄┄┄┄┄Array 14┄┄┄┄┄┄┄15┄┄┄┄┄┄┄16┄┄┄┄┄┄┄17┄┄┄┄┄┄┄TASK TWO –RESPONSE•For questions 18-22,match the extracts with theresponses, listed I-P.•For each extract, choose the response the speaker intends to make.•Write one letter I-P next to the number of the extract.22┄┄┄┄┄┄┄PART THREEQuestions 23-30•You will hear a radio interview with Martha Flowers, the Managing Director of the MAX chain of sandwich bars.•Choose the correct phrase to complete each sentence or answer the question.•Mark one letter, A, B, or C, for the phrase you choose.•You will hear the recording twice.23Martha started her business becauseA someone asked her to .B she saw a good opportunity.C she had a lot of experience in fast food.24Martha says the first three years of the business wereA not very successful.B surprisingly good.C very interesting.25How to MAX try to follow the example of fast food chains?A by working fasterB by using cheap productsC by working efficiently26What does Martha say about office diaries?A She thinks that ,unfortunately, they are necessary.B She never uses one at all.C Her secretary keeps one for her.27What does Martha say about her employees?A They must listen more carefully to what customers say.B She finds what they can tell her very useful.C It is difficult to recruit enough good quality staff.28According to Martha, what is the most important factor in MAX’s success?A The same customers keep buying their products.B They only sell the best quality products.C They have a high profit margin.29Martha’s advice to anyone who is starting a new business is toA look for an area with few competitors.B keep yourself well informed about competitors.C try to offer lower prices than your competitors.30What surprises Martha about other companies?A They don’t monitor their competitors’ activities.B They are unaware of their own weaknesses.C They don’t act on the information they have.BEC H 全真题二TEST OF READINGPART ONEQuestions 1 - 8•Look at the sentences below and at the following five book reviews for various business books.•Which book does each sentence refer to?•For each sentence 1 - 8, mark one letter A, B, C, D or E on your Answer Sheet.•You will need to use some of these letters more than once.1 This book follows the progress of various products from the concept tothe selling stage.2 This book includes very few technical terms.3 In this book we are given some detailed inside information oncompanies.4 The writer of this book believes company bosses aim at more thanthe financial improvement of their company.5 The writer of this book feels that success involves the ability to adaptquickly to a new situation.6 It is stated in this book that future business success will involveunderstanding recent thinking in the business area.7 This book shows how to include the input of the consumer in acompany.8 This book is aimed at the workforce as well as management.A Percentage SolutionsPeter FraserAnticipating changes in the marketplace and the competition depends on the ability to quickly reorganize business structures. Percentage Solutions shows that these significant change indicators lie in the 20% of business opportunities that will drive growth and profit into the future. Peter Fraser suggests that companies stay ahead of change by using a "rapid redesign" approach to quickly renew and rethink their business. In the book he details how this redesign could work and gives some examples of how it could be put into practice in a company.£18.99B BUSINESS THOUGHTS Norman Heimes,Sandy DaviesAttaining higher levels of customer satisfaction, increasing speed and efficiency in the product development process, and increasing profits are the goals many managers are struggling to achieve. The basic business philosophy behind this book is Customer Integrated Decision Making, or CIDM, which is a process that shows managers how to reach these goals by integrating the customer into the decision-making process and incorporating the customer's wants and needs into the design of new products and services.C COMMODITIES TO GO Philip M. RodgersThis fascinating and instructive book takes readers behind the scenes of twenty-four of the biggest new product success stories of the past few years and reveals the normally confidential workings of some of the institutions where these products were developed. Each story focuses on a different strategy and offers managers and professionals invaluable insights into how the brightest and best new product ideas were originally thought up, then developed and finally brought to market.£22.50 D A HANDBOOK OF MODERN BUSINESS MATTERS Joyce JamiesonThe incorporation of information technology in the workplace has revolutionised the way people do business. But the revolution has not finished - new technologies are being developed every day. The divide between man and technology is becoming increasingly narrow, and in some societies social and cultural changes are occurring in order to re-engineer business operations for the 21st century. A Handbook of Modern Business Matters will encourage you to think about the new concepts and ideas which often pass by only half understood, but will eventually make the difference between success and failure.E BUSINESS CHOICES Anne JonesThe original book about attitudes towards work is both for individuals in routine jobs seeking to improve the quality of their working lives and for managers who find themselves expected to do more with less in this era of uncertainty. Business Choices reveals a new way of thinking about work that will motivate both employees and companies to reach for higher levels of achievement. In a clear and very readable style that avoids much irritating business jargon, Anne Jones seeks to improve working attitudes at all levels of the workforce.£18.99PART TWOQuestions 9 - 14•Read this text from a business magazine.•Choose the best sentence from the given sentences to fill in each of the gaps.•For each gap 9 - 14, mark one letter A - H on your Answer Sheet.•Do not use any letter more than once. •There is an example at the beginning (0).PART THREEQuestions 15 - 20•Read the following article about a business technique called benchmarking from a business magazine and the questions on the opposite page.•Each question has four suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D.•Mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.15 According to the writer, benchmarking must always involveA changing your activities on the basis of new information.B copying exactly what your competitors do.C identifying the best company in your marketD collaborating with other companies in the same field.16 Some managers may resist benchmarking becauseA it takes their activities for granted.B it makes them examine the way they work.C it makes others question their efficiency.D it gives them a lot of extra work.17 What sort of companies should you compare yours with?A those producing similar goodsB those communicating most effectivelyC those using similar processesD those leading the domestic market18. Arita found that a publishing company couldA make more money than a computer firm.B produce technical manuals for them.C show them how to improve their own manuals.D help them move into new markets.19 Benchmarking specialists agree that in order to succeed there must beA a team of no more than three people.B total support from top managers.C a fixed timetable for the process.D an outside consultant in the team.20 What is the writer's purpose in writing this article?A to recommend the process of benchmarkingB to criticise firms that do not carry out benchmarkingC to give factual information about benchmarkingD to explain why benchmarking does not suit every firmPART FOURQuestions 21 -30•Read the article below about temporary workers.•Choose the best word from the opposite page to fill each gap.•For each question 21 - 30 mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet.•There is an example at the beginning (0).0 A features B points C items D marks21 A expected B thought C presumed D calculated22 A ran B existed C stood D stayed23 A big B wide C vast D enormous24 A own B receive C earn D acquire25 A lessened B declined C reduced D lowered26 A troubles B defects C drawbacks D hardships27 A lacked B missed C failed D lost28 A care B concern C consideration D bother29 A guess B faith C acceptance D assumption30 A total B absolute C sum D completePART FIVEQuestions 31 - 40•Read the article below about flying business class.•For each question 31 - 40 write one word in the space on your Answer Sheet.。