能力提升题组训练(A) (14) 高中英语(译林版)一轮复习

Unit 2 The environment能力提升题组训练(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2018无锡高三三模) Fed up with constantly having to recharge or replace batteries in your ever-expanding electronic devices? The solution may be just a few steps away.“Energy harvesting” promises to power countless consumer devices,often with nothing more than your body’s movement or heat.Dozens of companies around the world already offer such products,but many experts believe the market for the technology could explode due to electronic devices being developed for the Internet of Things.“It’s huge,” said Graham Martin,CEO of the EnOcean Alliance,a San Ramon-based group of businesses that promotes wireless energy-harvesting technologies.With the Internet of Things expected to combine billions of devices,“if they are all battery-powered,we’ll have a problem because there’s not enough lithium(锂) in the world,” he added.“So a lot of them will have to use energy harvesting.”Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power. When certain materials are squeezed or stretched,the movement of their atoms creates an electrical charge.Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades,for example,by winding themselves when their user moves their arm.Now,the concept is being considered for a number of other devices.In a contest seeking visionary ideas for wearable technologies,Intel awarded $5,000 for a concept to change the temperature difference between a person’s body and a special piece of clothing they’d wear into electricity for mobile devices.Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation.Stanford University engineers are testing smart microchips that create electricity from ultrasound to power implantable devices that can analyze a person’s nervous system or treat their diseases.A textile research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves that flow around everyone to power sensors sewn into clothes,which can monitor a person’s heartbeat or other vital signs.Research firm IDTechEx has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit $2.6 billion by 2024,while WinterGreen Research predicts sales of $4.2 billion by 2019.Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex,however.For one thing,the motion that generates the electricity has to be constant to be useful. Moreover,the amount of power the devices produce depends on the person using them,according to a Columbia University study. It determined that taller people on average provide about 20 percent more power than shorter ones when walking,running or cycling.It’s also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products.While such devices are expected to cost less than battery-powered alternatives when compared over many years,experts say,people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term. 1.Which “explode” in the following sentences has the most similar meaning to the word “explode” in Paragraph 2?A.They were clearing up when the second bomb exploded.B.The continued tension could explode into more violence.C.The population exploded to 5,000 during the last tourist season.D.The boss exploded when he heard of the resignation of the secretary.2.What makes “energy harvesting” necessary according to the passage?A.The waste of lithium in the world.B.The increasing number of electronic devices.C.The development of technology.D.The pollution caused by batteries.3.It can be learned from the passage that .A.energy-harvesting products will be popular in the long runB.taller people can surely produce a larger amount of powerC.automatic watches harvest energy from the users’ body heatD.two ways of harvesting energy are mentioned in the passage语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几种能够代替锂电池为电子设备提供电源的能量收集产品,该类产品不仅功能强大,还很环保。

答案及剖析:1.C 词义猜测题。

根据第二段第二句话可知“explode”在句中表示“发展,增加”;C项中“explode”与文中词义一致,表示“游客激增到5 000”;故选C。

2.B 推理判断题。

根据第二段第一句话可知能量收集为无数的消费者设备提供能量,由此可推知,正因电子设备数量的激增,才使能量收集成为必要。

故选B。

3.A 推理判断题。

根据倒数第三段可知,从长远来看,能量收集产品会很受欢迎,故选A。

Ⅱ.七选五(2018南昌高三二模) Last week the electricity in my flat went out.I had just got home from work and was happily making my tea,when all of a sudden I was surrounded by complete darkness.I tried to fix it but failed.I had to wait for an electrician to come in the morning.1.I sat down to eat my half-cooked dinner.And then I wasn’t really sure what to do.My typical evening is spent watching TV and looking through social media.2.So for me it was an early night.And I couldn’t help but think,do we rely too much on electricity?That night,losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity.As basic as running water.3. I use electricity all the time,even when it’s not really necessary.4. It contributes to global warming.It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it.Not only that,but if we continue to use the same large amount of energy we will soon run out.So,shouldn’t we start preparing for it now?Cutting back on our use of electricity would make losing it slower,and also save energy resources so that they could last for longer.5. And if everyone does the same,we can make a big difference.A.Tonight this wasn’t possible.B.Obviously,we can’t survive without it.C.Our overuse of electricity is a big problem.D.This left me a whole night without any electricity.E.Electricity brings us convenience and trouble.F.But really,electricity is a luxury that we’ve grown to take for granted.G.I know for sure that I could cut down on my use of electricity.答案:1—5 DAFCGⅢ.完形填空Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity,even minor distractions (分心) can have a huge effect.According to a study,regaining our 1 drive following an interruption can take about 20 minutes.Multitasking(多任务),as many studies have shown,is a myth(谬论).A more accurate_2 of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that we’re rapidly___3 between activities,sucking our mental energy.And the 4 can be surprisingly serious.An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points whenwe allow our work to be 5 by distractions like emails and text messages.The 6 is that multitasking is enjoyable.It’s fun to satisfy your curiosity. Who knows what that next email or text message holds 7 ?Finding out provides immediate satisfaction. 8 ,resisting distractions and staying on task requires9 and mental effort.So,what are we to do?Our strategy is to change the 10 to move temptation further away:shut down your email program or 11 your phone.It’s a lot easier to stay on task when you’re not 12 fighting off mental desires.The alternative,which most of us consider common,is 13 to dieting in a bakery.We all need the willpower to resist the temptations,but doing so comes with14 costs to our limited supply of willpower.Another worthwhile 15 is to collect similar activities together,keeping transition(转换) time to a 16 point.Instead of spreading phone calls,meetingsand emails throughout your day,try 17 related tasks so that there are fewer transitions.In some jobs,multitasking is 18 .Some of us truly do need to stay 19 toour clients,colleagues and managers.So it’s worth noting that limiting disruptionsis the only solution.Remember the more you do to minimize task-switching over the course of the day,the more ability you’ll have for activities that actually 20 .Even small changes can make a big difference.1.A.initial B.personal C.inner D.ambitious2.A.plan B.account C.prediction D.insight3.A.switching B.swinging C.swapping D.shuttling4.A.benefits B.reasons C.consequences D.challenges5.A.guided B.changed C.adapted D.interrupted6.A.advantage B.emphasis C.trouble D.practice7.A.in stock B.in store C.in check D.in possession8.A.As a rule B.As a result C.In short D.In contrast9.A.patience B.discipline C.courage D.attention10.A.expectation B.task C.environment D.vision11.A.replace B.silence C.answer D.pick12.A.continuously B.finally C.passionately D.directly13.A.similar B.relevant C.superior D.opposite14.A.affordable B.basic C.considerable D.modest15.A.research B.aspect C.reaction D.approach16.A.minimum B.maximum C.turning D.fixed17.A.analyzing B.grouping C.assigning D.undertaking18.A.disturbing B.annoying C.unavoidable D.unnecessary19.A.sympathetic B.loyal C.accustomed D.connected20.A.matter B.function C.work D.interfere语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文,根据研究显示,当我们全神贯注于某一活动时,即便是小小的一个分心都会产生巨大的影响。