初中宾语从句讲义

初中宾语从句：第一讲

导入：（在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语）I kown the man.

（而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语）I know that the man is a policeman

The man is a policeman.

1.基本概念

宾语：动作的承受者

从句：主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。

宾语从句：是主从复合句的一种。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语

2.考试题型：

宾语从句是中考的重点语法项目，其主要的考试形式出现在“选择填空和短文改错”中。

3.引导词：

(1)由从属连词that引导的宾语从句:

e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.

注：that 在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。

(2)由疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what和疑问副词where, when, why,how引导的宾语从句:

e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is ?（谁的，作定语）

2)Could you tell me why the train is late? （为什么，作状语）

3)He asked who could answer the question.（谁，作主语）

注：这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。

(3)由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句:

if/whether 引导宾语从句表示“是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。

e.g. I want to know if/whether she is right .

They didn’t know whether Tom could come back or not .

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

If 与whether 的区别

（1）与or not 连用只能用whether

Eg: I don’t know _____ he will come or not.

（2）介词后只能用whether

Eg: I don’t care of ______ he is handsome.

（3）与to do 不定式连用只能用whether

Eg: He wondered ______ to stay here the next week.

（4）当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导

Eg: ____ he will come is not decided.

三、宾语从句的语序

无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。

I think (that) you will like this school soon.

Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

四、宾语从句种的时态变化

I hear (that) Jim was ( be ) a worker two years ago.

Jim is ( be ) an English teacher now .

Jim will cook ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .

Jim is singing ( sing )a popular song now.

Jim has been ( be ) to the Great Wall twice .

Jim was playing ( play ) basketball when his father came back.

Jim had learned ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.

He said what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

He said that he would go back to the U.S.A. soon.

He asked if you had written to Peter.

He told me (that)summer is after Spring .

I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon.

My parents told me (that)no news is good news.

1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）

2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）

3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）

一、三类词引导的宾语从句：

that

疑问词：8个“W”,1个“H”

从属连词whether/if

二、宾语从句的语序

三、宾语从句的时态

1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．

A. if; Whether

B. whether; Whether

C. if; That

D. if; If

2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.

A. when does he come

B. how will he come

C. if he comes

D. whether he'll come

3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?