锰酸锂正极材料研究现状评述

锰酸锂正极材料研究现状评述

摘要

锂离子电池是二十世纪末发展起来的一种新型的绿色环保电池。正极材料作为锂离子电池整体系的锂源，其设计与选材对锂离子电池的发展尤为重要。目前，对它的研究主要集中在LiNiO2、层状LiCoO2和尖晶石LiMn2O4三种材料及其衍生物上。三种材料比较之下，Mn资源在自然界中丰富，LiMn2O4的尖晶石相结构又相对稳定，制备简单，且对环境友好，因此，制备性能优良的锰酸锂正极材料，对于锂离子电池的进一步商业化有着重要的意义。

本论文主要对锰酸锂的基本晶体学性质、锰酸锂的生产、制备方法和改性研究进行了描述。

锰酸锂主要是尖晶石结构的LiMn2O4，它是一种典型的离子晶体，具有Fd3m 对称性。尖晶石结构LiMn2O4价格低、电位高、环境友好、安全性能高，是未来很有前途的环保电池正极材料。制备尖晶石结构LiMn2O4主要有固相法和液相法。固相合成法包括：高温固相法、机械化学法、熔盐浸渍法、微波烧结法和固相配位法等。而液相合成法有：Pechini法、溶胶凝胶法、离子交换法、共沉淀法、水热合成法等。为改善尖晶石结构的LiMn2O4高温容量衰减和循环性能差的问题，国内外研究人员对尖晶石型正极材料进行大量的改性研究，主要的改性方法有合成工艺改进、掺杂改性和表面修饰。

关键词：锰酸锂正极材料制备容量衰减改性

Abstract

Lithium ion batteries are new type of green environmental protection batteries developed in twentieth century .The positive materials as the lithium source of the whole lithium ion battery , its design and material selection are particularly important for lithium batteries development.At present,the research of this mainly concentrated in the LiNiO2, layer LiCoO2 and spinel LiMn2O4three kinds of materials and its derivatives.Three kinds of materials is under, Mn resources in nature is rich, the LiMn2O4 spinel phase structure and relative stability, simple preparation, and friendly to environment,so,it has important meaning for further commercial lithium ion batteries to prepare excellent properties manganese acid lithium battery anode materials.

This thesis mainly describes the basic crystal learn properties, manganese acid lithium production, method of preparation and modification methods of lithium manganese acid.

Manganese acid lithium is mainly spinel structure of the LiMn2O4,It is a kind of typical ion crystals, with Fd3m symmetry.Spinel structure LiMn2O4is the very promising environmental protection batteries battery anode materials with low price, high potential, environment friendly, high safety performance .Preparation spinel structure LiMn2O4 main have solid phase method and the liquid phase method.Solid agree the diagnosis include: high temperature solid phase method, mechanization the research method, the plasma-nitriding immersion method, microwave sintering and solid match a method, etc.Liquid synthesis: Pechini method, sol-gel, ion exchange method, total precipitation, hydrothermal synthesis, etc.To improve the problem of high temperature capacity attenuation and circulation of the poor performance of the spinel structure LiMn2O4,Researchers at home and abroad go on a large number of modified for spinel positive materials. The main modification methods are synthetic process improvement, doping modification and surface modification.

Key words:LiMn2O4Battery anode materials Preparation

Capacity attenuation Modification