Chapter 5 Semantics语义学
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Chapter 5 Semantics 语义学
5.1 What is semantics?
1. Semantics is the study of _____. (p.62)
5.2 Some views concerning the study of meaning
5.2.1 The naming theory 命名论 1. proposer 2. what is the naming theory? 3. what are the limitations of the naming theory
3. Predication analysis述谓结构分析
4. predicate谓词 5. argument变元
5.2 Some views concerning the study of meaning
5.2.2 The conceptualist view 概念论 1. What is the conceptualist view of meaning? 2. Use an example to explain the semantic triangle. 语义三角（说） thought/ reference 所指 symbol/ form 语言形式 referent 指称对象
6. Term definition: hyponymy下义关系 superordinate上义词 hyponym下义词 co-hyponyms并列下义词
5.3.2 Major sense relations
7. (True or false): Antonymy is used for opposites of meaning.
5.4 Sense relations between sentences
1. entailment蕴含
2. presupposition预设
5.4 Sense relations between sentences
1. componential analysis成分分析法
2. semantic features语义特征
5.3.2 Major sense relations
1. what is synonymy? 2. True or false: words that are opposite in meaning are called synonyms. 3. Different groups of synonyms according to the way they differ: (1) dialectal synonyms (2) stylistic synonyms (3) synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning (4) Collocational synonyms (5) semantically different synonyms
5.3.2 Major sense relations
11. Use examples to define gradable antonyms.（分 级反义词）
12. Use examples to define complementary antonyms. （互补反义词） 13. Use examples to define relational antonyms.（关 系反义词）
5.2 Some views concerning the study of meaning
5.2.4 behaviorism 语境的行为主义观 1. What is the proposer of the behaviorist view of meaning? 2. What is the behaviorism view of meaning? 3. Use the story of Jack and Jill to illustrate the behaviorist view of meaning.
5.2 Some views concerning the study of meaning
5.2.3 Contextualism语义的语境观 1. what is the contextualist view of meaning? 2. (True of False): J. R. Firth is a representative linguist of contextualism. 3. There are two kinds of context. They are ______ and ______. 4. What is the situational context? 情景语境 5. What is the linguistic context? 语言语境
8. (True or false): Words that are opposite in meaning are synonyms. 9. The three kinds of antonyms are ______, _______, and ______. 10. Use examples to define gradable antonyms.（分 级反义词）
5.3.2 Major sense relations
4. (True or false) Polysemy is that the same one word has more than one meaning. a polysemic or polysemous word 5. Term definition: homonymy homophones, homographs, complete homonyms
5.3 LexicHale Waihona Puke Baidul meaning
5.3.1 Sense and reference 意义和所指 1. Give the definition of sense. 2. Give the definition of reference.
There are also occasions when linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense. E.g. morning star and evening star 均指金星Venus，在东边时是morning star启明星， 在西边时是evening star长庚星
5.1 What is semantics?
1. Semantics is the study of _____. (p.62)
5.2 Some views concerning the study of meaning
5.2.1 The naming theory 命名论 1. proposer 2. what is the naming theory? 3. what are the limitations of the naming theory
3. Predication analysis述谓结构分析
4. predicate谓词 5. argument变元
5.2 Some views concerning the study of meaning
5.2.2 The conceptualist view 概念论 1. What is the conceptualist view of meaning? 2. Use an example to explain the semantic triangle. 语义三角（说） thought/ reference 所指 symbol/ form 语言形式 referent 指称对象
6. Term definition: hyponymy下义关系 superordinate上义词 hyponym下义词 co-hyponyms并列下义词
5.3.2 Major sense relations
7. (True or false): Antonymy is used for opposites of meaning.
5.4 Sense relations between sentences
1. entailment蕴含
2. presupposition预设
5.4 Sense relations between sentences
1. componential analysis成分分析法
2. semantic features语义特征
5.3.2 Major sense relations
1. what is synonymy? 2. True or false: words that are opposite in meaning are called synonyms. 3. Different groups of synonyms according to the way they differ: (1) dialectal synonyms (2) stylistic synonyms (3) synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning (4) Collocational synonyms (5) semantically different synonyms
5.3.2 Major sense relations
11. Use examples to define gradable antonyms.（分 级反义词）
12. Use examples to define complementary antonyms. （互补反义词） 13. Use examples to define relational antonyms.（关 系反义词）
5.2 Some views concerning the study of meaning
5.2.4 behaviorism 语境的行为主义观 1. What is the proposer of the behaviorist view of meaning? 2. What is the behaviorism view of meaning? 3. Use the story of Jack and Jill to illustrate the behaviorist view of meaning.
5.2 Some views concerning the study of meaning
5.2.3 Contextualism语义的语境观 1. what is the contextualist view of meaning? 2. (True of False): J. R. Firth is a representative linguist of contextualism. 3. There are two kinds of context. They are ______ and ______. 4. What is the situational context? 情景语境 5. What is the linguistic context? 语言语境
8. (True or false): Words that are opposite in meaning are synonyms. 9. The three kinds of antonyms are ______, _______, and ______. 10. Use examples to define gradable antonyms.（分 级反义词）
5.3.2 Major sense relations
4. (True or false) Polysemy is that the same one word has more than one meaning. a polysemic or polysemous word 5. Term definition: homonymy homophones, homographs, complete homonyms
5.3 LexicHale Waihona Puke Baidul meaning
5.3.1 Sense and reference 意义和所指 1. Give the definition of sense. 2. Give the definition of reference.
There are also occasions when linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense. E.g. morning star and evening star 均指金星Venus，在东边时是morning star启明星， 在西边时是evening star长庚星