全国通用2010届高考二轮复习：阅读理解百篇强化系列(八)

全国通用2010届高考二轮复习：阅读理解百篇强化系列（八）（071）
The temperature of the sun is over 5000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center．The sun is so much hotter than the earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core．In the core of the sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core．However, no one really knows, since the center of the sun can never be directly observed．
Solar astronomers do know that the sun is divided into five layers or zones．Starting at the outside and going down into the sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zone and finally the core．The first three zones are regarded as the sun’s atmosphere．But since the sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the sun begins．
The sun’s outermost layer begins about 10000 miles above the visible(可见的) surface and goes outward for millions of miles．This is the only part of the sun that can be seen during an eclipse (食) such as the one in February 1979．At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the sun’s rays．The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full moon．Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse．The corona’s rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spikelike (一束束穗状) rays near the sun’s north and south poles．The corona is thickest at the sun’s equator．
The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit．The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets．By the time the sun’s corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible．
1．Matter on the sun can exist only in the form of gas because of the sun’s ______．
A．size B．age C．location D．temperature
2．With what topic is the second paragraph mainly concerned?
A．How the Sun evolved．
B．The structure of the Sun．
C．Why scientists study the Sun．
D．The distance of the Sun from the planets
3．All of the following are parts of the sun’s atmosphere EXCEPT the ______．
A．corona B．chromosphere C．photosphere D．core
4．According to the passage, as the corona rays reach the planets, they become ______．A．hotter B．clearer C．thinner D．stronger
5．The paragraphs following the passage most likely discuss which of the following?
A．The remaining layers of the sun．
B．The evolution of the sun to its present form．
C．The eclipse of February 1979．
Keys: 1-5 DBDCA
（072）
Having no language, infants cannot be told what they need to learn．Yet by the age of three they will have mastered the basic structure of their native language and will be well on their way to communicative competence (能力)．Acquiring (取得) their language is a most impressive intellectual feat．Students of how children learn language generally agree that the most remarkable aspect (方面) of this feat is the rapid acquisition of grammar．Nevertheless, the ability of children to conform to grammatical rules is only slightly more wonderful than their ability to learn words．It has been reckoned that the average high school graduate in the United States has a reading vocabulary of 80000 words, which includes idiomatic expressions and proper names of people and places．This vocabulary must have been learned over a period of 16 years．From the figures, it can be calculated that the average child learns at a rate of about 13 new words per day．Clearly a learning process of great complexity goes on at a rapid rate in children．
1．What is the main subject of the passage?
A．Language acquisition in children．
B．Teaching languages to children．
C．How to memorize words．
D．Communicating with infants．
2．The underlined word “feat”is closest in meaning to which of the following? A．experiment B．idea C．activity D．accomplishment
3．The underlined word “reckoned”is closest in meaning to which of the following? A．suspected B．estimated C．proved D．said
4．The underlined word “which”refers to ______ ．
A．their ability B．reading vocabulary
C．idiomatic expression D．learning process
5．According to the passage, what is impressive about the way children learn vocabulary? A．They learn words before they learn grammar．
B．They learn even very long words．
C．They learn words very quickly．
D．They learn the most words in high school．
Keys: 1-5 ADBBC
（073）
Two American scientists told the people in industrial nations that they would be much healthier if they ate more of the same kind of foods eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago．The scientists say that the human body has changed very little since human first appeared on earth, but the way we live has changed greatly．Our body has not been able to deal with these changes in life style and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times．So they are called “diseases of civilization（文明）”．Many cancers（癌）and diseases of the blood system, including heart attacks and strokes（中风）are examples of such diseases．
Scientists noted that early stone-age people used very little alcohol（酒精）or tabacco, probably none．Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise, but a change in food is one of the
main differences between life in ancient times and life today．
Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than farm animals．They also ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables, and fruits．They did not use milk and other dairy products（乳制品）, and they made very little use of grains．But today, we eat a large amount of dairy products and grain foods．We eat six times more salt than stone-age people．We eat more sugar．We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein（蛋白质）and much less vitamin（维生素）C．
People today probably do not want to live as people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate as those ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet foods．
1．The people in industrial nations would be much healthier if they ate ______．
A．more foods as humans living 10,000 years ago did
B．as humans living 10,000 years ago ate
C．more kinds of food eaten by people living over 10,000 years ago
D．more of the same kinds of foods eaten by people over 10,000 years ago
2．New kinds of sicknesses have been found because ______
A．the human body has changed compared with human first appeared on earth
B．the way we live has changed a little
C．our body can’t deal with the changes in life style
D．the way we live today are proper for the human body
3．What is the main cause mentioned in the article why people suffer from a lot of new sicknesses? A．Ancient people did a great deal of physical exercise．
B．People today have a lot of alcohol．
C．People today have more tobacco．
D．Food is quite different between life today and life in ancient times．
4．Stone-age people were much healthier than people today because they ate a lot of ______．A．milk and other dairy products
B．grain foods and farm animals
C．salt and sugar
D．wild animals, fresh wild vegetables and fruits
5．From this article, we know that ______ are not good to our health．
A．protein and vitamin C
B．milk and grain foods
C．wild animals, vegetables and fruits
D．a huge amount of fatty, salty and sweet foods
Keys: 1-5 DCDDD
（074）
Shanghai is the largest city in China．About eleven million people make their homes in Shanghai and its suburbs（郊区）．This enormous（巨大的)city spreads out along the banks of the Huang Pu River, which flows into the mouth of the Yangtze River about fourteen miles north of here．Large oceangoing ships travel to Shanghai by way of the Yanggze and the Huang Pu．
Shanghai was a small, unimportant city until 1842 when China lost a war with Great Britain．The British realized that Shanghai was in an excellent location（位置）to serve as a seaport for the densely（密集）populated Yangtze River Plain．They forced the Chinese to allow English traders to settle on the wastelands outside the city walls．Later, French, American, and Japanese traders also came to Shanghai．The foreigners built whole new sections of Shanghai, including homes, stores, factories, and office buildings．Thousands of Chinese poured into Shanghai in search of jobs．Most of them settled in the old part of the city．As time passed, shanghai became one of the busiest seaports in the world．
1．According to the article, the population inside the city of Shanghai is ______
A．eleven million B．less than eleven million
C．more than eleven million D．about eleven million
2．The Huang Pu River is connected with ______ at a spot about fourteen miles ______ of the city．
A．the Yangtze……north
B．the city…north
C．the mouth of Huang Pu River…north
D．Yangtze River…south
3．Before 1842, the Yangtze River Plain was ______．
A．very developed
B．densely populated
C．at a war with Great Britain
D．a small, unimportant city
4．The British first settled on the land because ______．
A．they wanted to build stores here
B．they thought the place was beautiful
C．they realized that it was a very good location for a seaport
D．they wanted to have a war here
5．A lot of Chinese came into Shanghai to ______．
A．visit the city
B．trade with foreigners
C．build one of the busiest seaports
D．look for jobs
Keys: 1-5 BABCD
（075）
In 1986, Willie Mays was paid $ 125,000 to play baseball, but the $ 80,000 a year earned by Babe Ruth, the homerun king of the early 1930’s, went a great deal farther．The two men paid greatly different amounts for federal taxes and consumer goods．read what Dr Lawrence Ritter had to say on this matter．Dr Ritter is chairman of the department of finance（财政）at New York University’s graduate school of business．
“On his $ 80,000 Ruth paid $ 11,500 in federal income taxes, giving him a takehome pay of $ 68,500．On his $ 125,000 Mays paid a federal income tax of $ 73,000, leaving $ 52,000 in
take-home pay．In addition, consumer prices today are about 2．2 times as high as they were in 1931．At today’s prices, Mays’$ 52,000 takehome bay would buy what $ 23,000 would have bought in 1931．In terms of purchasing（购买）power, Mays’Salary（薪水）was worth only about one-third of Ruth’s．”
1．The best title for this passage is ______．
A．Poor Willie B．Rich Babe
C．Rising Price D．Too Much Tax
2．The passage seems truthful because ______．
A．it is about real people
B．Dr Ritter is a famous professor
C．it gives exact figures（数字）
D．it is well written
3．Which of the following is true?
A．Ruth had bigger salary．
B．Mays got more take-home pay．
C．Ruth had bigger purchasing power．
D．Mays could spend less money on consumer goods．
4．Mays’federal income tax is ______ higher than Ruth’s．
A．14．4% B．58．4% C．44% D．16．8%
5．From the passage we can conclude that ______．
A．the United States is getting richer and richer
B．the dollar today is worth less than it was in the thirties
C．American people are paid today less than in 1931
D．Amercian sportsmen become poorer and poorer
Keys: 1-5 ACCCB
（076）
The Antarctic（南极地区）is actually a desert．It is the only continent on the earth without a river or a lake．
The Antarctic is all ice all year round．The warmest temperature ever recorded there is zero, at the south Pole．Explorers used to think that a place so cold would have a heavy snowfall．But less than ten inches of snow falls each year．That is less than half an inch of water．Ten times that much moisture（水分）falls in parts of the Sahara．
The little snow that falls in Antarctica（南极）never melts．It continues to pile up deeper and deeper year after year and century after century．When the snow gets to be about eighty feet deep, it is turned to ice by the weight of the snow above it．
1．Antarctica is called a desert because it ______．
A．is sandy
B．has the same temperature as desert
C．has little moisture and no lakes or rivers
D．all of the above
2．The Antarctic has ______．
A．ten times as much moisture as the Sahara
B．the same amount of moisture as the Sahara
C．about one-tenth the moisture of the Sahara
D．none of these
3．The snow in Antarctica is very deep because it ______．
A．never stops falling B．piles up year after year
C．never melts D．both B and C
4．The snow turns to ice when ______．
A．it gets wet
B．the temperature gets colder
C．the next snowfall comes
D．the snow above it is heavy enough
5．The best title for this passage is ______．
A．A Strange Continent
B．the AntarcticAn Ice
C．Snowfall at the South Pole
D．the World’s Greatest Desert
Keys: 1-5 CCDDB
（077）
By following the footsteps on the muddy road，the dog guided us to a small house．I waved to my comrades and we came near to a window．Looking in we found a man turning his radio set or operating some other instruments，possibly trying to get in touch with someone．He suddenly turned round．He must have sensed that there was something wrong．The danger he was in hit him．He picked up his gun，opened the door as quickly as possible，and rushed out，trying to flee．He was out of breath when he saw us closing in and let out a cry in despair(绝望)．1．What does the phrase “closing in”in this passage mean?
A．“Shooting at”B．“Coming nearer in order to attack”
C．“Making a quick attack”D．“Asking someone to give in”
2．From the story we can infer that ______
A．the police searched for a spy and caught him in the end
B．a group of children were playing the game of hide and seek
C．the police found the man by chance
D．the man was brave enough to face those people
3．From the passage，we can imagine that in the end ______．
A. the man was caught easily
B．the man was caught after a good fighting
C．the man was shot dead
D．the man would rather die than give in
Key: 1─3 BAA
（078）
When my first wartime Christmas came，I was in basic training in New Jersey and not sure if I could make it home for the holidays．Only on the afternoon of December 23 was the list of men who would have three-day passes posted．I was one of the lucky soldiers．It was Christmas Eve when I arrived home，and a light snow had fallen．Mother opened the front door．I could see beyond her，into the corner of the living room where the tree had always stood．There were lights，all colors，and ornaments(装饰物)shining against the green of a pine．“Where did it come from?”I asked．
“I asked the Gates boy to cut it，”my mother said．“I wouldn’t have had one just for myself，but when called-oh，such a rush！He just brought it in this afternoon…”The pine reached to the proper height，almost to the ceiling，and the Tree Top Krystal Star was its place．A few green branches reached about a little awkwardly(不够美观地)at the side，I thought，and there was a bit of bare trunk showing in the middle．But the tree filled the room with warm light and the whole house with the pleasant smell of Christmas．“It’s not like the one you used to find，”my mother went on．“Yours were always in good shape．I suppose the Gates boy didn’t know where to look．But I couldn’t be fussy(挑剔的)．”
“Don’t worry，”I told her．“It’s perfect.”It wasn’t，of course，but at the moment I realized something for the first time：all Christmas trees are perfect．
1．From the passage，we can infer that ______．
A．the writer spent his first Christmas during the war
B．soldiers did not all go home for Christmas during the war
C．all the soldiers had three-day passes
D．the writer could not go home for Christmas
2．When the writer got home，______．
A．it was December 23
B．it was snowing heavily
C．he found a Christmas tree in the living room
D．the Gates boy was cutting a Christmas tree for his mother
3．From this passage，we can conclude that ______．
A．the writer used to cut very beautiful Christmas trees
B．his mother didn’t like perfect trees
C．his mother didn’t want to have a tree
D．the writer wouldn’t have a tree cut by someone else
4．“All Christmas trees are perfect”，because they can remind you of ______．
A．the wartime B．the green of a pine
C．the pleasant smell D．the sweet home
5．The best title for this passage would be “______”．
A．How to Choose a Christmas Tree
B．How Soldiers Spent Christmas
C．The Perfect Christmas Tree
D．The Christmas Without a Tree
Key: 1-5 BCADC
（079）
Nowadays，most employees of local high-tech industries are below the age of 35，and for newly rising industries such as computer software and the Internet，the figure is below 30．People in this age bracket(阶层) are known as Generation-X，which is made up of those born between 1963 and 1981(i. e. those aged between 17
and 35)．Compared with those born from 1946 to 1960，Generation-X are typically independent，they also have their shortcomings．Employers often complain that Generation-X are a group hard to manage．Although willingness and enthusiasm(热情)are highly valued by Generation-X，they will not accept orders blindly．In short，Generation-X will not accept authoritarian(权力主义) leadership．They expect their leaders to have a detailed understanding of the job，and most importantly，to treat them as an important member of them-as partners．
As a result，managing Generation-X employees is not only a science but also an art．There are basic guidelines to follow in managing them and helping them perform at their best：
1．Support them in their quest(追求)for knowledge skills；
2．Room for creativity and failure：
3．Provide frequent and timely feedback(反馈)；
4．Provide communication channels
If managers follow these basic guidelines，they may find that the
employees they once considered as young，selfish and uncontrollable turn out to be responsible，energetic team players．
1．Generation-X in this article refers to the group of people who are______．
A．educated employees below the age of 35
B．young hard-working workers in factories
C．disliked by the managers
D．born after the year of 1963
2．From the article we know that the writer ______．
A．thinks highly of Generation-X
B．feels disappointed with Generation-X
C．has a perfect understanding of Generation-X
D．suggests that the managers be strict with Generation-X
3．Employers often complain about Generation-X because ______．
A．these young people will not accept their leadership
B．they don’t understand their employees’job
C．managing this group of people is no easy job
D．they don’t know how to manage and help this group of people
4．If you were a manager working with Generation-X，you should ______．
A．treat them as equals and encourage them to try new ideas
B．give them orders frequently and make them work hard
C．let them know they are selfish and uncontrollable
D．warn them that they may lose jobs at any time
Key: 1─4 ACDAD
（080）
A spell checker is a program that checks the spelling of every word in a document by looking up each word in its dictionary．If the word does not appear in the dictionary，the user is alerted to a possible misspelling，and possible corrections are often suggested．Many word processing(处理) programs include spell checkers．An effective spell checker needs to store a large number of words using efficient data(数据) compression(压缩) techniques，and it must be able to search the list quickly with a binary(二进位的) search．A spell checker will not recognize unusual proper names or specialized terms，but it will often allow you to create your own personal dictionary of specialized words you often use．Spell checkers are valuable aids to proofreading，but they cannot catch the substitution of one correctly spelled word for another(such as form for from，or to for too)．Thus they do not make sure that a document is free of spelling errors．
1．Which of the following words will a spell checker not be able to recognize?
A．maximum B．minibus C．Mickey D．Mathilde
2．Which of the following mistakes cannot a spell checker find?
A．Tom is watiting for Mary outsyde the school gate．
B．Tom is waiting or Mary outside the school gate．
C．Tom is waitting or Mary outside the school gate．
D．Tum is waiting for Mary outside the school gate．
3．What does the word “alerted”in the passage probably mean?
A．suggested B．warned C．reminded D．led
Key: 1-3 DBB。