牛津英语模块七第四单元所有知识点详解11

Unit 4 Public transportWelcome to the unitphr v to begin to sleepShe kept dropping off at her desk.I must have dropped off to sleep .drop sb/sth⇔offto take someone or something to a place by car and leave them there on your way to another placeI'll drop you off on my way home.to fall to a lower level or amountThe number of graduates going into teaching has dropped off sharply.Reading2.Because it linked with other lines at almostevery station, making the system moreuser-friendly.3.He is the architect that designed many of thestations between 1918 and 1938. Many of therailway tracks did not go into theLondon city centre, so buses were required.This increased traffic on the road. Theunderground system transported morepeople without increasing traffic on theroad.2.The carriages did not have windows andwere pulled by steam engines throughnarrow tunnels.3.He bought many of the different lines andset up the Underground Group.4.It has functioned as a bomb shelter, anaeroplane factory, anti-aircraft centre,meeting rooms for the governmentadministration.5.More lines were added because morepeople traveled on the underground.6.It means that many of the lines are linkedat many stations. Therefore, it is veryconvenient for riders to go to differentplaces in the city from any station.Event1854 An underground railway was decided to be built1863 The first tunnels were opened1868 The next section of the underground system was opened1884 The underground service was provided in the middle of the city1933 A public organization was created1918-1938 London transport was expandedAfter 1945 More people traveled on the underground and more lines were added1977 The last line was addedadj. far awayin the distant past/future: far away in the past or future:distance n. [C or U] the amount of space between two places:He travels quite a distance (= a long way) to work every day.Does she live within walking distance of her parents?1.boundaryn. -- the edge (Line5)The mountain becomes the national ~ for both countries.The fence serves as a ~ between the two buildings.the boundaries of knowledge2.historicadj. -- having importance in or influence on history (Line 6)11 November 1918 is a ~ day as it represents the end of World War I.Can you tell me when the ~ meeting between the two great leaders was held?Historic refers to what is important in history:the historic first voyage to outer spaceIt is also used of what is famous or interesting because of its association with persons or events in history:a historic houseHistorical refers to whatever existed in the past, whether regarded as important or not:a historical characterHistorical refers also to anything concerned with history or the study of the past:a historical novelhistorical discoveriesThe differentiation between the words is not complete. They are often used interchangeably: historic times or historical times3.choke (Line8)n. [C] v. 窒息；堵塞；阻塞1). The child swallowed a pen and chocked to death.2). The roads to the coast were choked with traffic.3). At lunchtime the streets were choked with traffic.4). Children can choke on peanuts.引申: chock back 忍住，抑制chock up 因激动等说不出话来4.link (Line21)v. [T] to make a connection between two or more people, things or ideas:1) The explosions are not thought to be linked in any way.•link up: to form a connection, especially in order to work or operate together:2)The organization's aim is to link up people from all over the country who are suffering fromthe disease.3)They linked up two areas by telephone.用法拓展:be connected with 与……相接，和……有联系5.place (Line 36)v. --to be in a state or situation1) She placed a tape recorder in front of her on the table.2) His uncooperative attitude placed us in an embarrassing situation.3) This job places great demands on the workers, which can be quite stressful.6.be responsible for (L39)be in charge of1)The driver is responsible for the passengers’ safety.2) Philip is the project manager. He is responsible for anything concerning the project.3) Who is responsible for making the dinner reservation?7.function as (L42)serve as1) My living room also functions as a study.2) The room functioned as a store room for keeping all our collection.3) The beautiful leaf functioned as a bookmark8.honor (L51)a quality that combines respect, pride and honesty:a man of honorWe fought for the honor of our country.n. [C] a reward, prize or title that publicly expresses admiration or respect:She received an honor for her services to the community.in honor of sb./ sth. in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or sth.:a banquet in honor of the president9.permit (L57)v. -tt- [T] to allow sth.:The regulations do not permit much flexibility.[+do ing] The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month.[+ object + to infinitive] The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.10.beneathpreposition (formal)in or to a lower position than sb/sth; under sb/sth:They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves. ◆The boat sank beneath the waves.not good enough for sb: He considers such jobs beneath him.◆They thought she had married beneath her (= married a man of lower social status).UNDERbeneath adverb: Her careful make-up hid the signs of age beneath.11.ordern. [U] 顺序in order of: 以……的顺序out of order：杂乱无序The children lined up in order of age/height.I can't find the file I need because they're all out of order (= they are no longer arranged in the correct way).Put the files in alphabetical order.12.discountn. [C] a reduction in the usual price:折扣They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies.They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.at a discount(a) at a reduced price 打折扣; 减价.(b) (fig 比喻) not highly valued; unfashionable 不受重视的; 不时兴的:Concern for others seems to be at (something of) a discount today. 如今好像不兴关心别人了.Word PowerLanguage Points1.rely on sb./sth.1) 依靠，依赖[+ ing form of verb] The success of this project relies on everyone making an effort.[+ to infinitive] I'm relying on the garage to fix the car by tomorrow.2) to trust someone or sth. or to expect them to behave in a particular way指望，期待British weather can never be relied on - it's always changing.[+ ing form of verb] Don't rely on finding me here when you get back (= I might have gone).I. 分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词。