主谓一致英语语法考点知识总结

主谓一致

周容发布时间：2010-8-6 10:10:19

英语中主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。这种一致关系一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则、概念（意义）一致原则、毗邻一致原则。在用英语表达时，必须注意主谓一致，否则就容易出错。本文以三条原则为基础对英语主谓一致进行论述。

1、语法上一致（grammatial concord）。主要指动词和主语在数和人称上的一致。传统语法规则大多符合这个原则。

1〉主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：

This girl is clever enough to study maths well.

The masses have full confidence in the their leaders

2〉、一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具，作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式，如glasses （眼镜），clothes，trousers，shoes，compasses(圆规)，shopsticks，scissors，scales(天平)，spectacles（眼镜），gloves，stochings，pants等。例如：

His trousers have worn out .

My glasses are new .

但如果主语由“a kind of ,a pair of , a series of 等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：A pair of shoes was in the box .

“pair , piece + of + 名词或物主代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair 和piece 等词保持一致，与of 之后的名词或代词无关。例如：

The pieces of stone were then carried to the new place for the temple , 60 metres higher up the hill .

They watched pairs of people who were sitting in college coffee—shops for at least an hour . 3〉、如果主语被more than one….或many a ….修饰时，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。这符合语法一致原则。例如：

More than one student has seen the film .

Many a ship has been damaged in the storm .

但是，“more + 复数名词+ than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。例如：More members than one are against your plan .

4〉、each , every , no 所修饰的名词即使以and 或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如：

Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people.

No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in such a stormy discussion .

In our country every boy and every girl has the right to education .

5〉、由and 或both…and连结的主语有复数意义时，用复数动词。这是遵循语法上一致原则的。例如：

A hammer and a saw are to be used .

Both my sister and my cousin study in Shanghai .

Plastics and rubber never rot .

Walking and riding are good exercises .

但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如：

The director and chief engineer is an experienced person .

A knife and fork is on the table .

The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor .

Truth and honesty is the best policy .

To love and to be loved is the great happiness .

6〉、this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书)

其谓语用单数；短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men 作主语，谓语用单数，men of this kind 和these kind of men 的谓语用复数。all kinds of 后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。例如：

This kind of men is dangerous .

Men of this kind are dangerous .

This kind of man annoys me .

There are three kinds of computer .

Some new types of bus are on show .

7〉、不定代词each , either , neither ,none , all, one , the other , anyone , anything ,someone , some , more…等作主语，因其有单数意义，谓语动词可用单数，以符合语法上一致原则。但在某特定情况下，不定代词也有复数概念，这时一般用复数动词。这样，语言流畅自然而且也符合概念上一致和紧邻一致原则。例如：

Each takes a cup of coffee .

Nobody is listening .

Now all has been changed .

All are present .

I invited both Peter and John , but neither have come .

I wonder if either are coming .

The speech was tedious . Nobody , not even the teacher , were listening .

但Either , none , any , 和neither 后面如果有“of + 复数名词或代词”，动词可以用复数，也可以用单数；在正式文体中，单数形式更常用。例如：

Do(es) any of you know his address .

None of them has (have) seen the film .

We are expecting guests from the country , but none of them has arrived .

8〉、当主语后跟有as well as , as much as , no less than , along with , with ,like , rather than ,togeter with , but , except , besidees , including , in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语中心词的单、复数而定。例如：

The teacher as well as the students was excited .

An iren and steel works , with some satellite factories , is to be built here .

He , like you and Xiao Li is very clever .

Nobody but Smith and John was in the laboratory yesterday .

Every picture except these two has been sold .

No one , besides Helen , Joan , Mary , and Alice ,is willing to help me .

The factory , including its machines , was burnt last night .

His sister no less than you is wrong .

The father , rather than the brothers , is responsible for the accident .

但以下两例除外，把它们可以看做受紧邻关系影响。

No one except his own supporters agree . (张道真语法第426页)（GCE,7.24）