中职英语（基础模块）1生活与文化原文及翻译

中职英语（基础模块）1生活与文化原文及翻译The Most Common Family Name 最常见的姓氏Smith is the most common family name in the United Kingdom and the United States .More than 3 million p，eople in the United States share this name ,and more than half a million share it in the United Kingdom .史密斯是英国和美国最常见的姓氏。

美国有300多万人分享这个名字，英国有50多万人分享这个名字。

Smith is the name of a job .A smith ( orblacksmith )is a man who works with metal .It is one of the earllest jobs in all countries .As a result ,Smith becomes the most common of all family names .史密斯是一份工作的名字。

铁匠（或铁匠）是一个用金属工作的人。

这是所有国家最早的工作之一。

因此，史密斯成为所有姓氏中最常见的。

The"Magic Word"“魔法词”"Please" is the first and most useful " magic word ".It's the first word taught in homes in the West .During a meal ,a kid may say ，"Mommy !Give me some milk !"The mother quickly responds，"What's the magic word ?"The kid never answers ," Abracadabra."He says，"Please".“请”是第一个也是最有用的“魔法词”。

这是西方家庭教的第一个词。

吃饭的时候，孩子可能会说：“妈妈！给我一些牛奶！”母亲很快回答，“神奇的词是什么？”孩子从不回答，“Abracadabra(魔术师所说的咒语)。

”他说，“请”。

" Please"is the easiest way to make an informal request smooth and kind .Nobody gets upset because the word " please " is used . But many people get angry because it is not used.“请”是使非正式请求顺利和友好的最简单的方法。

没有人会因为使用“请”这个词而生气。

但许多人会生气，因为它没有被使用。

“Black Friday 黑色星期五Black Friday is the Friday after Thanksgiving in the US .It is the beginning of the traditional holiday shopping season .Black Friday used to mean heavy traffic ,but that day ,it means the early opening and late closing of shops .黑色星期五是美国感恩节后的星期五。

是传统节日购物季的开始。

黑色星期五过去意味着繁忙的交通，但那天，它意味着商店的早开放和晚关闭。

On that day ,many people would take the day off to go shopping ,because many things are on sharp discount that day . In many cities ,people line up hours before stores open . Electric appliances，clothes and toys are often the most popular items .Many people buy Christmas gifts for their friends and families ,some others buy items at a very low price and resell them online .在那一天，许多人会请假去购物，因为那天很多东西都打折。

在许多城市，人们在商店开业前几个小时排队。

电器、衣服和玩具往往是最受欢迎的物品。

许多人为他们的朋友和家人购买圣诞礼物，有些人以很低的价格购买物品并在网上转售。

Meeting and Greeting 见面与问候In some countries people greet each other by ssing and embracing.Avoid this in Britain .The way to greet a British person for the first time is to shake hands with him or her.There should be no more than three shakes up and down .Don't pat him or her on the back-this is not British .在一些国家，人们通过唱歌和拥抱互相问候。

在英国不要这样。

第一次问候英国人的方法是与他或她握手。

上下摇动不应超过三次。

不要拍他或她的背-这不是英国人。

Kissing is not common except in the case of elderly ladies .They will incline their heads ,and you should lean towards their left side and kiss the air an inch or so above the cheek .Do not actually TOUCH the cheek with your lips .接吻是不常见的，除了老年妇女。

他们会把头倾斜，你应该靠在他们的左边，亲吻空气在脸颊上方一英寸左右。

实际上不要用你的嘴唇来舔脸颊。

Hobby爱好In the 16th century ,a favorite toy for children of aⅡ ages w as the hobbyhorse.A hobbyhorse could be as simple as a stick ,o r it could have a wooden horse's head on ter ,the hobbyhors e became not very popular ,but the pleasure of doing somethin g outside the routine activites or daily life brought a new word i nto the language .The word"nooby"is the shortened form of ho bbyhorse .在16世纪，所有年龄段的孩子最喜欢的玩具是木马。

木马可以像棍子一样简单，也可以有一匹木头马的头。

后来，木马不太受欢迎，但在日常活动或日常生活之外做一些乐趣的事情，给语言带来了一个新的词。

“noby”一词是业余爱好者的缩写形式。

Hobbies today include many activities .But it does not inclu de spectator activities like watching television .It also excludes s chooling and work done to make a living .今天的爱好包括许多活动。

但它不包括观众活动，如看电视。

它还不包括学校教育和谋生工作。

TheOriginof"Sandwich"“三明治”的由来An English nobleman，the Earl of Sandwich ( 1718-1792),liked gambling.When he gambled he had no time for a meal .But he was hungry for some food .Sok always ordered a waiter to bring him roast-beef between two slices of bread.With the bread ,he wouldn't get his fingers greasy,and he could continue his gambling .Later people named that fast food product sandwich after the Earl.英国贵族，桑威奇伯爵（1718-1792）喜欢赌博。

他赌博时没有时间吃饭。

但他渴望一些食物。

索克总是命令一个侍者把烤牛肉夹在两片面包之间。

有了面包，他不会让手指油腻，他可以继续赌博。

后来人们以伯爵的名字命名了快餐食品三明治。

TheOlympicMotto奥林匹克格言The Olympic motto is made up of three Latin words , " Citius,Altius ,Fortius ",which means " Swifter,Higher , Stronger ".These three words encourage the athletes to do their best during the competition ,and to view this effort as a victory in itself .It can apply equally to athletes and to each one of us . 奥林匹克格言由三个拉丁词组成，即“Citius、Altius、Fortius”，意思是“更快、更高、更强”。