4初级语法1

Be动词的形式：

be、is、am、are、（一般现在时）was、were、（过去时）being、(现在分词)been、（过去分词）

1.The man is back.

2.They are back.

3.He was back.

4.They were back.

5.They have been back.

Be动词的用法

后面接名词、形容词、地点副词或短语作补足语,be动词启连接前面主语和后面补主语成分的作用。

1.The man is a teacher.(补充说明前面的The man)

2.Mary’s new dresses are colorful.(补充说明前面的Mary’s new dresses)

3.My mother was in the kitchen.(说明主语位置的作用)

Be动词的否定及回答

在am,is,are,was,were,后面加not.缩略式am not,isn’t,aren’t,wasn’t,weren’t。

1.The man isn’t back.

2.I am not back.

3.They aren’t back.

4.He wasn’t back.

5.They weren’t back.

使用be动词提问和回答把be动词提到主语前构成疑问句。否定句在be动词后直接加not. Is he a teacher?Yes,he is./No,he isn’t.

Are you a teacher?Yes,I am/No,I am not.

Were they teachers?Yes,they were.No,they weren’t

练习

1.他是医生吗？Is he a doctor?

2.他们昨天在教室吗？Were they in the classroom yesterday?

3.他们昨天不在教室。They weren’t in the classroom yesterday?

代词的主格和宾格

主格代词：I,he,she,it,you,we,they在句中作主语。

宾格代词:me,him,her,it,you,us,them在句中作宾语。

1.He likes me.

2.We like her.

3.I like them.

4.They know him.(他们认识他)

形容词性物主代词：my,your,his/her/its,one’s,our,your,their修饰形容后面的名词

1.This is my book.

2.We love our motherland.

3.Those are your socks.

名词性物主代词：mine,yours,his/its/hers,one’s ours,yours,theirs后面不能再修饰名词。

1.The book is ours.

2.The apple is hers.

练习

我的老师是中国人。My teacher is Chinese.

3.这个电脑是他们的。This computer is theirs.

4.我们的书在书架上。Our book is on the shelf.

反身代词：myself yourself herself himself itself yourselves ourselves themselves

反身代词有两个作用作宾语、同谓语表示某人自己，通常是主语自己。

1.Please help yourself to some fish.随便吃些鱼吧。

2.We enjoyed ourselves last night.我们昨天晚上玩的很愉快。

3.The thing itself is not important.这件事本身不重要。（在名词后面代替前面的The thing做

同谓语）同谓语解释说明前面名词的成分。

练习 1.Take good care of yourself.照顾好你自己。

2.She gained(获得)control of herself.他最后控制住了自己。

实意动词的特征动作有实际意义的动词称为实意动词

动词有时态的变化

come read go watch play fly

1.He comes from Shenyang.(谓语)后面接宾语也可以不接宾语from Shenyang是介词短语。

2.She is reading story books.（一般现在）

3.They went to America yesterday.（一般过去时）他们昨天去美国了。

4.We have watched the game for three time.(现在完成时)这个游戏我们已经看了三遍了。

5.My mother will fly back to China next month.(将来时)我妈妈将在下个月飞回中国。

练习

他昨天来上海了。

He came to Shanghai yesterday.因为时态是一般过去时所以动词不做第三人称单数的变化。我们正在写作业。We are writing homework.

这本书他们已经读了三遍了。They have read this book three times.

实意动词的否定

使用助动词进行否定do does(一般现在时)did(一般过去时)

在助动词后加not构成否定缩略式为don’t、doesn’t、didn’t

一般现在时主语是第三人称单数用dose/dosen’t,主语是非第三人称单数用do/don’t

一般过去时主语不论是单数还是复数都用did/didn’t

1．I don’t go to school bu bus.

2.She doesn’t watch TV everday.

3.They didn’t swim last night.

使用助动词进行提问

1.He often plays golf.Does he often play golf?Yes,he does./No,he doesn’t.

2.They go to school bu bus.Do they go to school by bus?Yes,they do./No,they don’t.