直译和意译

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Literal Translation and Free Translation
直译法 literal translation
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• Literal translation is “made on a level lower than is sufficient to convey the content unchanged while observing TL norms. (Barkhudarov) • According to Dictionary of Translation Studies, literal translation is the direct transfer of a source language text into a grammatically and idiomatically appropriate target language text. • Lu Xun believed that literal translation means faithfulness and expressiveness.
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• 意译就是要在超越译出语文本词汇等语言符号的 基础上,尽可能的传达原文本中的精神。意译法 主要通过生成语言上和使用习惯上都趋向于译入 语的文本,以此适合译入语读者的口味。 (Shuttleworth&Cowie1997:151)
使用意译的情况 • 1. 包含典故的文化习语
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• 英语和中文表达的语义有较大差异,需要按照汉语习惯进 行表达,以避免违反文化习惯。
LOGO Literal translation is not equal to translating word for word
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
• black tea • bull’s eye • talk horse • catch a cold
• 红茶 • 靶心
• 吹牛 • 感冒
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• 一、直译法经常用于一些短语和习语的翻译。 • • • • hot line go into the red cold war Blood is thicker than water. 热线 出现赤字 冷战 血浓于水。
• Waterloo Bridge • 魂断蓝桥
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as timid as a hare
• 胆小如鼠
a land of honey and milk
a white elephant
• 鱼米之乡
• 无用而累赘的东西
to laugh off one’s head
Achilles’ heel
• 笑掉大牙
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• Don’t take the low-fat label as a license to eat.
• 不能因为食品表明低脂肪,就可以敞开大吃。
• 别把标有“低脂肪”的标签看成是“可敞开食用”的许可 证。
短文翻译(讨论)
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• As we topped the hill, the clouds lifted and the harbor looked most beautiful in its semicircle of hills and halflights. The color of a pale pearl grey and of a fairy texture. Quite indescribable and unpaintable, the air crisp and fresh. This Arctic scenery has a beauty which is the exact antithesis of the Christmas card of tradition. Soft, melting halftones. Nothing brittle or garish.
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• Free translation is more TL-oriented than literal translation. It reproduces the matter without the manner and the content without the form of the original. (Newmark)
The benefits of literal translation
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• 1. reflecting the sense and flavor of the foreign country concerned • 2. absorbing some exotic expressions (loan words and borrowed words)
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• It means killing two birds with one stone. • A: 这意味着一石二鸟。 • B: 这意味着一举两得。
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• 你不要班门弄斧。
• A: Don’t display your axe at Lu Ban’s door.
• B: Never offer to teach fish to swim.
Thank you!
According to Dictionary of Translation Studies, free translation is defined as a type of translation in which more attention is paid to producing a natural TL than to preserving the SL wording intact.
直译和意译
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• 直译法:忠实于原文内容为第一位;忠实于原文形式在第 二位;通顺的译文形式放在第三位。 • 意译法:忠实于原文内容为第一位;通顺的译文形式在第 二位,不拘泥于原文的形式。 • 直译和意译二者是互为补充、相辅相成的。在翻译过程中, 译者往往无法部分具体情况自始至终一味坚持直译,或者 仅仅采用意译一种方法。
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• “ Really, you carry your age astonishingly well, Nancy.” Said the doctor, for he saw no change whatever in her.
• “南希,你可是一点儿也不见老啊”, 医生说道, 因为他看不出她有什么变化。
直译法 literal translation
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• 一般认为,译文形式和内容都与原文一致的谓之 直译。(方梦之,2011:101) • 直译就是不仅忠实于原文内容而且忠实于原文形 式的翻译方法。
• 1.忠于原文内容。 • 2. 忠于原文形式。在保持原文内容前提下,力求使译文和 原文在选词用字、句法结构、修辞及风格特征等方面尽可 能的趋同。
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• 【译文】我们到了山顶,云消雾散,只见海港在围成半圆 形的小山丛中,朦朦胧胧,煞是好看。这一带充满着珍珠 似的银灰色,宛如仙境,无法形容,也无法描绘。空气清 新宜人。这北极地区景色之美,同传统的圣诞节卡适成对 照,它浓淡交融,光影柔和,清雅绝俗。
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• 【赏析】原文简明易读,这样的文字难译。再读译文,译 者不拘泥于原文形式,处理得一气呵成,毫无欧化和生硬 之感。他根据原文的意思适度加了些字,因而句子连接得 非常自然。如翻译the clouds lifted时加了“雾散”, 翻译第二句时加了“这一带充满着”。这类加字符合原文 精神,令译文更加符合汉语习惯。读这段译文,足见译者 中文底蕴之深,遣词造句皆恰到好处。这也提醒我们,学 习英语时千万不要忽略加强汉语修养,否则英语再好也难 出好译文。
• 致命的要害
put the cart before the horse
• 本末倒置
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• 二、英译汉时能找到汉语的对等含义,但是语义有所差异, 必须按照汉语的语言习惯表达。 • One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.
意译法 free translation
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Free translation is “made on a level higher than is necessary to convey the content unchanged while observing TL norms. (Barkhudarov)
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• In the court action, Ray sprang his trump card by calling a surprise witness. • 在法庭诉讼中,雷突然打出了他的王牌——请出 一位意想不到的证人。
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• 三、英语句子结构与中文较为接近的时候,直译 能使译文显得通顺自然。 • Speech is silver, silence is golden. • 雄辩是银,沉默是金。
• 一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。
Literal translation V.S. Free translation
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• 1. Both should be faithful to the original ideas of the original work. • 2. Literal translation and free translation is complementary to each other. • 3. There are some limitations for both.
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• 二、含义广为流传,读者较为熟悉的短语和习语, 直译可以丰富译语语言。 • He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. • 他走在送葬队伍的前头,还不时用一条大手绢抹 去那鳄鱼的眼泪。
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• Literal translation preserves in the version both the original form and content including sentence structures, style and the figure of speech.
• Literal translation treats sentences as basic units and take the whole text into consideration.
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