初二语文优质课教案一等奖课件-文言文《湖心亭看雪》《三峡》

湖心亭看雪湖心亭位于杭州西湖之中，据说是宋代整修西湖时，以湖泥堆成小山，成为一岛，是西湖三岛之一，后于山上建成亭阁，叫湖心亭。

这是观赏西湖风景的好地方，因此常有文人墨客到此赏景。

中国四大名亭-----安徽滁县醉翁亭湖南长沙爱晚亭浙江杭州湖心亭北京先农坛陶然亭考点1：文学常识张岱，字宗子，又字石公，号陶庵(ān)，别号蝶庵居士，明末清初文学家。

他出身仕宦世家，少为富贵子弟。

清兵南下灭亡了明朝，他入山隐居、著书，他喜游山玩水，在文学、戏剧、音乐方面有很深的修养，主要著作有《陶庵梦忆》、《西湖寻梦》，风格流丽清新，写家破人亡之痛，寓情于景，字里行间流露出明亡之后怀旧的伤感情绪。

《湖心亭看雪》张岱崇祯五年十二月，余住西湖。

大雪三日，湖中人鸟声俱绝。

是日更定，余挐(ráo)一小舟，拥毳〔cuì〕衣炉火，独往湖心亭看雪。

雾凇沆砀，天与云与山与水，上下一白。

湖上影子，惟长堤一痕、湖心亭一点、与余舟一芥，舟中人两三粒而已。

到亭上，有两人铺毡对坐，一童子烧酒，炉正沸。

见余大喜，曰：“湖中焉得更有此人！”拉余同饮。

余强(qiǎng)饮三大白而别。

问其姓氏，是金陵人，客此。

及下船，舟子喃喃曰：“莫说相公痴，更有痴似相公者！”【考点2：重点字词句】是：代词，这。

更定：指初更以后,晚上八点左右。

更：古代夜间计时，一夜分为五更，每更大约两小时。

定：开始。

挐(ráo)：通“桡”，划。

【拥毳〔cuì〕衣炉火】穿着细毛皮衣，带着火炉乘船。

毳衣，细毛皮衣。

毳，鸟兽的细毛。

【雾凇沆砀(hàng dàng)】雪夜寒气弥漫。

雾凇，云、水气；雾，是从天空下罩湖面的云气；凇，是从湖面上蒸发的水汽，这时因为天寒，凝成冰花。

沆砀：白气弥漫的样子。

沆，形容大水。

一：全、都。

【一芥】一棵小草。

芥，小草，比喻轻微纤细的事物。

【焉得更有此人】意思是想不到还会有这样的人。

焉得，哪能。

更，还。

【强(qiǎng)饮】尽力地喝。

强：尽力。

【大白】大酒杯。

白：古人罚酒时用的酒杯，也泛指一般的酒杯,这里的意思是三杯酒。

【客此】客，做客。

在此地客居。

【舟子】船夫。

【相公】原意是对宰相的尊称，后转为对年轻人的敬称。

【更】还。

【痴似】痴于，痴过。

痴，特有的感受，来展示他钟情山水，淡泊孤寂的独特个性，本文为痴迷的意思。

考点3：一词多义是：1．是日更定：这2．问其姓氏，是金陵人：判断动词，是更：1．是日更定：古代夜间的计时单位，音gēng2．湖中焉得更有此人：还，音gèng白：1．上下一白：白色2．余强饮三大白而别：古时罚酒用的，泛指酒杯。

大：1．见余大喜：非常2．余强饮三大白而别：大余：1．余住西湖：我，指作者2．江干上下十余里间：多考点4：内容理解(1) 写湖心亭景色的句子及特点？2．这些景物描写是否运用了大量的形容词加以修饰？有什么特点？写作手法：文字简练朴素，不加渲染，这种写作手法就是白描。

白描是一种描写的方法。

原是中国画的一种技法，是指一种不加色彩或很少用色彩，而只用墨线在白底上勾勒物象的画法。

作为一种描写方法，是指抓住事物的特征，以质朴的文字，寥廖几笔就勾勒出事物形象的描写方法。

白描用于写人，只需三言两语即可勾画出人物的外貌和神态，使读者如见其人。

白描用于写景，只需几笔就可勾勒出一幅鲜明的图画，使人如临其境。

白描用于写事，也只要几笔就可使事态毕现，生动形象。

白描手法写人范例:“一个凸颧骨,薄嘴唇,五十岁上下的女人站在我面前,两手搭在髀间,没有系裙,张着两脚,正像一个画图仪器里细脚伶仃的圆规。

”——鲁迅《故乡》中的杨二嫂白描写景范例，如马致远的《天净沙秋思》：枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。

夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。

(2) 点明主旨的句子，如何理解？《湖心亭看雪》考点总结考点1：张岱的文学常识考点2：重点字词句的翻译考点3：一词多义考点4：白描手法Seasons In The SunGoodbye to you, my trusted friend,we've known each other since we were nine or ten;together we've climbed hills and trees,learned of love and a-b-c`s,skinned our hearts and skinned our knees．goodbye my friend, it's hard to die,when all the birds are singing in the sky;now that the spring is in the air,pretty girls are every where;think of me and I’ll be there．we had joy, we had fun,we had seasons in the sun;but the hills that we climbwere just seasons out of time．Goodbye, papa, please pray for me,i was the black sheep of the family;you tried to teach me right from wrong,too much wine and too much song,wonder how i got along.goodbye, papa, it's hard to die,when all the birds are singing in the sky;now that the spring is in the air,little children every where,when you'll see them, I’ll be there.we had joy, we had fun,we had seasons in the sun;but the wine and the song,like the seasons have all gonewe had joy, we had fun,we had seasons in the sun;but the wine and the song,like the seasons have all gonegoodbye, Michelle, my little one,you gave me love and helped me find the sun;and every time that i was down, you would always come around and get my feet back on the ground.Goodbye, Michelle, it's hard to die,when all the birds are singing in the sky;now that the spring is in the air,love the flowers every whereI wish that we could both be there.we had joy, we had fun, we had seasons in the sun;but the hills that we climb were just seasons out of time.we had joy, we had fun,we had seasons in the sun;but the wild and the song,like the season has all gonewe had joy, we had fun,we had seasons in the sun;……背景知识：三峡是万里长江一段山水壮丽的大峡谷，为中国十大风景名胜区之一。

它西起重庆奉节县的白帝城，东至湖北宜昌市的南津关，由瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡组成，全长191公里。

三峡郦道元(北魏)自三峡七百里中，两岸连山，略无阙(quē)处；重岩叠嶂(zhàng)，隐天蔽(bì)日，自非亭午夜分，不见曦(xī)月。

作者简介：郦道元，字善长，范阳涿县人，北魏地理学家、散文家。

三峡翻译下列句子直译法！！！1．自非亭午夜分，不见曦月。

________________________________________________2．至于夏水襄陵，沿溯阻绝。

_________________________________________________________________________ 3．虽乘奔御风，不以疾也。

______________________________________能力升级——理解从全文看，结尾引用渔歌的作用是什么？自我检测按原文语句填空1．总写山势连绵不断的语句是_________________，_________，__________。

2．正面写山高大险峻的语句是__________，__________。

3．侧面烘托三峡山势高峻的语句是______________，_____________。

4．描写三峡夏季江水暴涨、水势浩大的语句是______________，___________。

5．写三峡夏季水流湍急的语句是_________________，__________，_____________，____________，_____________。

6．运用夸张、对比的手法强调水流湍急的语句是______________，____________。

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