供应链管理-第五章课后习题1-计算

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供应链管理计算题

供应链管理计算题1.期望损失最小法期望损失最小法就是比较不同订货量下的期望损失，取期望损失最小的订货量作为最佳订货量。

假设库存物品的单位成本为C ，单位售价为P 。

若在预定的时间内销售不出去，则单价降为S （S<C ）处理掉，单位超储损失为C 0=C-S 0 若需求量超过存货，则单位缺货损失为C u=P - C 0订货量为Q 时的期望损失为E L (Q)，需求量为d 时的概率为P(d)，则模型为：E L (Q)=∑>Qd Cu (d-Q ）P(d)+ ∑<Qd Co (Q-d)P(d)【例】某面包店过去的面包需求分布概率参见表1.已知每个面包的进价为C=5元，售价为P=8元，若当天销售不出去就必须当晚处理掉，则每个面包按S=3元卖出，求该面包店的最佳进货策略。

表1 某面包店的面包需求分布概率解：设该面包店买进Q 个面包为最佳，则当实际需求d<Q 时，将有一部分面包卖不出去，每个面包的超储损失为C 0=C-S 0=5-3=2（元）当实际需求d>Q 时，将有机会损失，每个面包的欠储损失为C u=P - C 0=8-5=3（元）当Q=30时，则E L (Q)=[3⨯(40-30)⨯0.20+3⨯(50-30)⨯0.15]+[2⨯(30-0)⨯0.05+2⨯（30-10）⨯0.15+2⨯（30-20）⨯0.20]=28（元）当Q 取其他值时按同样方法算出E L (Q)，结果参见表2 表2 期望损失计算2.期望利润最大法期望利润最大法就是比较订货量下的期望利润，取期望利润最大的订货量作为最佳订货量。

假设库存物品的单位成本为C ，单位售价为P ，单位产品利润为R=P-C 若在预定的时间内销售不出去，则单价降为S （S<C ）处理掉，单位超储利润为R 。

=S-C 。

需求量为d 时的概率为P(d),设订货量为Q 时的期望利润为E p (Q)则模型为：E p (Q)= )(d -Q d P R Rd Qd ∑<+）。

供应链管理课后习题答案

供应链（S C）第一章1、供应链：生产及流通过程中，设计将产品或服务提供给最终用户的上游和下游企业所形成的网链结构2、供应链特征：复杂性动态性交叉性面向客户需求3 、供应链类型：1）稳定SC的和动态的SC 2）平衡SC的和倾斜的 SC3）有效性SC和反应性SC4、使用环节法分析供应链流程:1)顾客订购环节（顾客抵达，顾客订单递交，顾客订货接收，顾客订单完成） 2）补充库存环节（零售订货的发起，零售订单的递交，零售订单的完成，零售订货的接收）3）生产环节（订单到达，生产安排，生产和运输，订货5、接收）4）原料获取环节5、推拉法分析供应链流程：依据相对于顾客需求的执行顺序，供应链上的所有流程可以分为两类：推动流程和拉动流程。

对顾客订单的反应启动拉动流程；对顾客订购预期的反应启动推动流程。

在拉动流程执行过程中，需求是已知的、确定的；而在推动流程执行过程中，需求是未知的，因此必须进行预测。

由于拉动流程是对顾客需求的反应，因而也可以被视为反应性流程；相应地，推动流程可以被视为推测性流程。

供应链上的推/拉边界将推动流程和拉动流程区别开来。

在戴尔公司，个人计算机组装线的起点就是推/拉边界。

个人计算机组装前的所有流程是推动流程，而所有组装过程中和此后的所有流程均是对顾客需求的反应，因而是拉动流程。

6 、供应链管理（SCM）：利用计算机网络技术全面规划供应链中的商流、物流、信息流，并进行组织、协调与控制。

7 、SCM内涵：1）信息管理 2）客户管理 3）库存管理 4)关系管理 5)风险管理8、 SCM特点：（一）与传统管理方法相比较的特点： 1）以客户为中心2)跨企业的贸易伙伴之间密切合作、共享利益和共担风险 3）集成化管理4)供应链管理是对物流的一体化管理（二）与物流管理相比较的特点1）供应链管理的互动特性2）供应链管理成为物流的高级形态 3 ）供应链管理决策的发展 4）供应链管理的协商机制 5）供应链管理强调组织外部一体化6)供应链管理对共同价值的依赖性7)供应链管理是“外源”整合组织 8）供应链管理是一个动态的响应系统9 、SCM的目标： 1）总成本最低化 2）客户服务最优化 3)总库存成本最小化4)总周期最短化5)物流质量最优化第二章1 、建树价值链的九种价值活动分为哪两类，分别包含哪些内容一）基本活动：内部物流生产作业外部物流市场和销售服务二）辅助活动：采购技术开发人力资源管理企业基础设施2 、价值分析的主要内容：1）识别价值活动 2）确定活动类型每种基本和辅助活动由三种类型：直接活动简介活动质量保证3、核心竞争力形成过程：1）锁定目标。

供应链管理第五章习题答案

供应链管理第五章习题答案供应链管理第五章习题答案供应链管理是一门涉及到物流、采购、运输、仓储等多个领域的学科，它旨在通过优化供应链中的各个环节，提高企业的运营效率和竞争力。

在供应链管理的学习过程中，习题是检验自己对知识掌握程度的重要途径。

下面将为大家提供第五章习题的详细答案，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

1. 什么是供应链可见性？为什么供应链可见性对企业至关重要？供应链可见性是指企业能够实时获取和监控整个供应链中各个环节的信息，并能够对其进行分析和处理的能力。

供应链可见性对企业至关重要，主要有以下几个方面的原因：首先，供应链可见性可以帮助企业实现及时调整和决策。

通过实时获取供应链中的信息，企业可以迅速发现问题和风险，并及时采取措施进行调整和决策，从而避免或减少损失。

其次，供应链可见性可以提高供应链的运作效率。

通过对供应链中各个环节的信息进行分析和处理，企业可以发现瓶颈和问题所在，并对其进行优化和改进，从而提高供应链的整体效率。

最后，供应链可见性可以增强企业与供应链伙伴之间的合作和协调。

通过共享供应链中的信息，企业和供应链伙伴可以更好地进行沟通和协作，从而实现供应链的协同管理，提高整个供应链的效益。

2. 请列举几个提高供应链可见性的方法。

提高供应链可见性的方法有很多，下面列举几个常见的方法：首先，建立信息系统和技术平台。

通过建立信息系统和技术平台，可以实现供应链中各个环节的信息共享和交流，从而提高供应链的可见性。

其次，加强与供应链伙伴的合作和协调。

通过与供应链伙伴建立良好的合作关系，共享信息和资源，可以提高供应链的可见性。

再次，建立供应链绩效评估和监控机制。

通过建立供应链绩效评估和监控机制，可以对供应链中各个环节的表现进行监控和评估，及时发现问题和风险，并采取相应的措施进行调整和改进。

最后，加强数据分析和挖掘。

通过对供应链中的数据进行分析和挖掘，可以发现隐藏在数据背后的规律和问题，从而提高供应链的可见性。

供应链管理课后习题答案

供应链管理课后习题答案供应链管理课后习题答案一、概述供应链管理是现代企业管理的重要组成部分，它涉及到从原材料采购到产品销售的整个流程。

通过对供应链的管理，企业可以实现资源的优化配置，提高生产效率和产品质量，从而增加竞争力和利润。

以下是一些供应链管理课后习题的答案，希望能对大家的学习有所帮助。

二、供应链设计1. 什么是供应链设计？供应链设计是指在满足客户需求的前提下，通过合理的供应链网络设计和流程优化，实现企业资源的最优配置和供应链效率的最大化。

2. 供应链设计的关键要素有哪些？供应链设计的关键要素包括供应链网络结构、物流配送策略、库存管理策略、合作伙伴选择等。

3. 供应链网络结构有哪些类型？常见的供应链网络结构包括集中式供应链、分散式供应链、混合式供应链和虚拟供应链等。

4. 如何选择合适的供应链网络结构？选择合适的供应链网络结构需要考虑产品特性、市场需求、成本效益、风险管理等因素，综合评估不同结构的优缺点，以实现最佳的供应链设计。

三、供应链协调1. 什么是供应链协调？供应链协调是指通过信息共享、合作伙伴关系管理、业务流程优化等手段，实现供应链各环节之间的协同和协作，以提高供应链整体效能。

2. 供应链协调的重要性是什么？供应链协调可以减少信息滞后、降低库存水平、提高交付准确率，从而提高供应链的灵活性、响应速度和客户满意度。

3. 如何实现供应链协调？实现供应链协调需要建立有效的沟通机制、共享信息平台，加强合作伙伴之间的信任和合作，同时优化业务流程和决策机制。

四、供应链风险管理1. 什么是供应链风险管理？供应链风险管理是指通过识别、评估和应对供应链中的各种风险，以保障供应链的稳定运行和业务连续性。

2. 常见的供应链风险有哪些？常见的供应链风险包括市场需求波动、供应商倒闭、物流延误、自然灾害等。

3. 如何进行供应链风险管理？供应链风险管理需要建立风险识别和评估机制，制定相应的风险应对策略，同时建立灵活的供应链网络和备份计划，以应对不同的风险情况。

供应链管理(第5版)课后习题答案

供应链管理课后习题答案第一章、供应链管理导论1.供应链的结构特征是什么？将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。

2.何谓供应链管理？简述供应链管理与传统企业管理的区别和联系。

供应链管理就是使以核心企业为中心的供应链运作达到最优化，以最低的成本，另供应链从采购开始，到满足最终用户的所有过程，包括工作流、实物流、信息流、资金流等均高效率运作，把合适的产品，以合理的价格，及时准确的送到消费者手中。

区别：①传统企业的运营思想是生产是为了销售，而供应链企业运营的思想是按订单准时生产、快速响应客户需求②传统企业的管理手段是控制库存、降低库存成本，而供应链管理的手段是供应链企业协同创新、共创价值③传统企业提高生产效率的主要方法是扩大批量、增加规模效应，而供应链企业提高效率的主要方法是提升企业的柔性和敏捷性联系：供应链管理主要是以物流运行作为流程的，是开放性的，传统企业只是供应链管理中的一个环节，是闭环的。

3.供应链管理的关键在于实现企业内部及企业之间资源的集成。

从这个角度，分析互联网在供应链管理中的重要地位。

从管理难度的角度：现在的客户关系管理、企业资源计划等系统使得管理更加容易，尤其是对于一些全球性企业和跨区域企业从效率的角度：通过IT系统，从客户需求到计划、采购、生产、运输等供应链的整个过程更加迅速、高效。

当然也包括上下游企业和核心企业之间的沟通。

从成本的角度：管理难度下降，效率提升，这实际上降低了企业的成本4.电子商务将成为21世纪最主要的商业模式之一，它将对企业传统的业务流程带来巨大变革。

请阐述供应链管理对我国企业成功实施电子商务的重要意义。

基于电子商务的供应链的管理的主要内容涉及订单处理、生产组织、采购管理、运输与配送管理、库存管理、客户服务、支付管理等，供应链管理可促进电子商务的发展，使资源在供应链网络中合理流动，来缩短交货周期、降低库存，并且通过提供自助交易的自助式服务以降低成本，提高速度和精确性，增强企业竞争力。

供应链管理课后习题答案

供应链管理课后习题答案第一章课后习题答案一、判断题题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10√× √×√√√√√××√页码P4 P5 P7 P9 P9 P11 P20 P8 P23 P25 二、名词解释SCP:分别指市场结构(Structure )，市场行为(Conduct)，市场绩效(Performance)。

哈佛学派认为. 市场结构(Structure )，市场行为(Conduct)，市场绩效(Performance)之间存在着必然的联系.並建立了SCP分析框架來分析行业与企业的发展情況P5三、简答题1答：分析汽车供应链结构简图：（1）汽车行业全球供应链的形成与发展在激烈的市场竞争中，汽车制造业是一个复杂程度和集成度非常高的行业，汽车制造业需要懂得合作与共享，并且在不同的环节有着不同的侧重点，满足不同客户需求，不断完善汽车产业全球价值链的分工体系，才能在激烈的市场中成为佼佼者。

（2）汽车供应链的利益分配及影响因素“微笑曲线”价值分布汽车供应链中有不同的侧重点，对于整车装配、非关键零部件的生产加工、流通环节等均为低附加值环节；对于产品设计与研发、品牌推广和关键零部件的生产和采购等则划分为高附加值环节，汽车企业应重视“微笑曲线”所带来的价值，针对不同的区域有不同的侧重点，有利于节省成本，提高质量。

特征：多种生产策略组合；典型的生产滚动计划；整车厂的生产计划实施，驱动整个供应链；普遍注重精益的物流运作；物流业务外包成主流；严格的零部件供应商准入机制与供应商分级管理；基于框架协议下的全球化采购；汽车售后供应链体系备受关注。

汽车产业发展新趋势汽车产业发展呈现规模化、集群化发展趋势，产业集群化使产业链纵向延伸发展，同时提高了与相关产业进行横向竞争与合作的效率2、答：分析服装供应链结构简图：先分析服装供应链的工艺流程，再分析服装供应链的类型。

服装供应链有四种主要类型的企业：（1）单纯的生产加工企业（2）自有品牌的“虚拟企业”（3）供、产、销一体化的企业（4）服装贸易公司特征：（1）服装产品的生命周期短(2)服装消费需求变动性大(3)服装消费需求的可预测性低(4)服装购买的冲动性高(5)服装产品被模仿的情况严重P14-15发展趋势：（1）产品个性化需求增大消费能力、消费心理与社会的进步三个因素，共同催生了个性化定制这个基于人自身表达诉求的概念。

供应链管理习题集

供应链管理习题集目录第一章 (2)单选 (2)判断题 (3)第二章 (4)单选题 (4)判断题 (5)第三章 (7)单选题 (7)判断题 (8)第四章 (9)单选题 (9)判断题 (10)第五章 (12)单选题 (12)判断题 (13)第六章 (14)单选题 (14)判断题 (15)第一章单选1.随着企业之间的竞争不断加剧，物流管理已成为（）A.第一利润源泉B. 第二利润源泉C. 第三利润源泉D.以上都不对2.（）是指，将物流概念侧重于同商品销售有关的一些物流活动，流通领域中只包含商品实体从供方到需方的转移。

A.广义物流B.狭义物流C.综合物流D. 以上都不对3.在社会生活中，企业作为经济实体为社会提供产品或服务，在生产产品或提供服务过程中形成的物品实物运动，即()A.狭义物流B.广义物流C.企业物流D.社会物流4.（）是企业为实现产品销售，组织产品送达到用户或市场的外部物流A.供应物流B.生产物流C.销售物流D.回收物流5.商流通过交易关系解决生产与消费的（）A.社会间隔问题B.场所间隔问题C.时间间隔问题D.交易间隔问题6.（）是物流系统和物流活动中最活跃的因素A.物B.人C.信息D.资金7.企业将原有的非核心业务外包出去，自己集中资源发展核心能力，通过共同的市场利益和业务与相关企业结成战略联盟，这就是所谓的（）运作模式A纵向一体化B横向一体化C横向合作联盟D以上都不对8. 供应链不仅是一条联结供应商到用户的物料链、信息链、资金链，而且是一条（）A加工链B运输链C分销链D增值链9.一条供应链上必定存在一个()，通过供应链的有效运作使物流、信息流、价值流达到最优化。

A核心企业B中心企业C运输企业D生产企业10.（）就是把资源的概念外延到合作伙伴，将上游企业、下游企业甚至客户的资源看作自己资源的扩展。

A实有资源B虚拟资源C扩展资源D客户资源11.狭义物流只重视商品（），忽视了与生产有关的其他物流活动A生产过程B供应过程C分销过程D回收过程12.供应链从上、下游关系来理解，不可能是单一链状结构，而是交错链状的（）A网络结构B闭环结构C星状结构D总线结构13.供应链管理是一种（）的管理思想和方法A集成B松散C积极D消极14.供应链管理的目标呈现出（）特征A一体化B集成化C多元化D一元化15.关于物流的概念。

CPLM 供应链管理2015-5完整70分背诵版(附试题库及答案)

第一章绪论❝横向一体化与外包的概念p7横向一体化战略：也叫水平一体化战略，是指为了扩大生产规模、降低成本、巩固企业的市场地位、提高企业竞争优势、增强企业实力而与同行业企业进行联合的一种战略。

外包：是供应链思想的进一步发展，在讲究专业分工的20世纪末，企业为维持组织竞争核心能力，且因组织人力不足的困境，可将组织的非核心业务委派给外部的专业公司，以降低营运成本，提高品质，集中人力资源，提高顾客满意度。

❝供应链中的物流、资金流、信息流p11物流：从供应商的供应商道客户的客户这个一过程的实物的流动。

它是物理形态，包括了运输、库存、装卸、搬运、包装等活动，商品在不同的场所之间进行流动。

资金流：是指整个供应链上资金的流动。

它可以是物理形态，也可以是虚拟形态。

传统的资金流是用户在购买商品过程中具体的资金流动，网络环境下资金流是指用户确认购买商品后，将自己的资金转移到商家账户的过程。

信息流：指整个供应链上的信息流动。

它是虚拟形态，包括供应链上的供需信息和管理信息，它伴随着物流的运作而不断产生。

❝推式和拉式供应链p13推式供应链：是指企业根据对顾客需求的预测进行生产，然后将产品推向下游经销商，再由经销商逐级推向市场的运作过程。

它是以生产为主导的运作模式。

拉动式供应链：是指企业根据所获得的客户订单来进行生产，由消费者的需求来激发最终产品的供给，企业根据用户的实际需求来生产定制产品的运作过程。

它是以市场为主导的运作模式。

它的理念是以客户为中心。

❝集成供应链、分散式供应链、敏捷供应链含义p15集成化供应链：是由相互间提供原材料、零部件、产品和服务的供应商、合作商、制造商、分销商、零售商、顾客等集成起来所形成的网络。

分散式供应链：是指彼此相互独立、不同利益主体构成的供应链。

其特点：供应链成员的自治性利益要求（自身利益最大化）；供应链信息的不对称（出于自身利益隐瞒，谎报数据）。

敏捷供应链：是指在不确定、持续变化的环境下，为了在某一特定的市场机会中获得价值最大化而形成的基于一体化的动态联盟和协同运作的供应链，以核心企业为中心，通过对资金流、物流、信息流的控制，将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商及最终的消费者用户整合到一个统一的、无缝化程度高的功能网络链条，以形成一个极具竞争力的战略联盟。

供应链管理第五章练习与答案

一、单选题问题 1 集成化供应链管理的核心是（）正确答案：建立战略性合作伙伴关系问题 2 企业赢得竞争的关键在于（）正确答案：速度问题 3下列不能缩短总周期的是（）正确答案：合作伙伴的选择时间问题 4 供应链管理中，要有效发挥群体协商机制的作用，需要解决的问题，下列不是的是（）正确答案：利益分配问题问题 5 精细供应链的目的是实现（）正确答案：零库存和零缺陷问题 6 供应链合作关系的主要特征是正确答案：从以产品/物流为核心转向以集成/合作为核心二、判断题问题7 质量功能开发（Quality Function Development，QFD）思想是实现供应链质量保证的有效方法。

正确答案：对问题8 供应链集成的最高层次是企业间的战略协作问题，当企业以动态联盟的形式加入供应链时，即展开了合作对策的过程，企业之间通过一种协商机制，谋求一种双赢的目标。

正确答案：对问题9 直观判断法是一种选择合作伙伴的方法，这种方法主要是倾听和采纳有经验的采购人员意见，或者直接由采购人员凭经验作出判断。

常用于选择企业主要原材料的合作伙伴。

正确答案：错问题10 招标方法竞争性强，企业能在更广泛的范围内选择适当的合作伙伴，以获得供应条件有利的、便宜而适用的物资。

适应范围广，是一种很理想的选择合作伙伴的方法。

正确答案：错问题11 从经济学、营销学的角度看，进入20世纪90年代以来，企业经营策略由原来的敌对性竞争发展成为合作性竞争是全球竞争趋势。

正确答案：对三、名词解析问题12 供应链合作关系正确答案：供应链合作关系（Supply Chain Partnership，SCP），也就是供应商-制造商（Supplier-Manufacturer）关系，或者称为卖主/供应商-买主（V endor/Supplier-Buyer）关系、供应商关系（Supplier Partnership）。

供应链合作关系可以定义为供应商与制造商之间，在一定时期内的共享信息、共担风险、共同获利的协议关系。

供应链管理课后习题答案

供应链管理课后习题答案【篇一：供应链管理课后习题答案】xt>第一章1.纵向一体化的企业拥有、管理并运作所有相关的业务职能。

横向一体化的企业由一些独立运营的企业组成，公司总部提供品牌、指导和一般战略。

比较并对比这两种类型企业的供应链战略。

答：纵向一体化企业旨在使公司各业务成分之间的互动更紧密，而且经常集中地管理它们。

这样的结构，可以更容易地通过中央决策除去供应链中的不同部分之间的冲突来实现系统的整体目标。

在横向一体化公司，协调公司内部各业务的供应链通常是没有效益的。

事实上，如果横向一体化中的每个企业都专注于它的核心功能，并以最佳状态运行，就可能达到总体的全局最优效果。

2.考虑一个企业重新设计其物流网络。

为数不多的几个集中仓库的优点是什么？大量靠近最终用户的仓库的优点是什么？司利用风险分担，以提高服务水平并降低库存水平和成本。

不过，对外运输成本通常较高，交货间隔期较长。

另一方面，企业可以通过建立更多的靠近最终用户的仓库，以减少对外运输成本和交货间隔期。

然而，这种类型的系统将会使总库存水平和成本增加、规模经济下降、仓储费用增加，并且可能增加对内运输费用。

3.考虑一个企业选择运输服务提供商。

使用卡车承运商的优点是什么？使用诸如ups这样的包裹速递公司的优点是什么？答：企业对运输服务的选择在很大程度上取决于公司要运输的产品的类型和大小，库存和交付的策略，和对灵活性的需求：1.如果是大量而稳定的运送大件物品或小件物品从仓库到需求点（店），货车运输会更好。

一个很好的例子就是仓库到超市之间的杂货送货。

要注意，在本例中，我们希望的是卡车满载时货物达到卡车装载量。

2.如果由制造商/仓库直接递送顾客的是相对低成本的项目，那么用快递公司更合适。

此外，快递公司可以根据客户的个人需要灵活的提供不同的运输方式。

【篇二：供应链管理考试复习题及答案(给力版)】供应链管理？供应链是围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。

SCM供应链管理课后练习题答案

实验项目名称：供应链设计规划技术应用实验项目性质：普通所属课程名称：供应链管理（英文教材）实验计划学时：6一、实验目的1、在理解供应链战略及网络设计的基础上，熟悉供应链设施规划建模及求解2、掌握供应链需求预测的基本方法，包括静态、动态时间序列法，用Excel提供的预测统计工具，进行需求统计分析及预测，为供应链综合规划作基础；3、建立供应链综合规划模型，用Excel提供的规划工具，进行优化求解。

二、实验内容和要求请上机利用Excel求解以下题目，要求独立求解，课后形成实验报告上交。

1.教材第五章课后练习题1-2.（（2学时）三、实验主要仪器设备和材料微型计算机，Excel程序实验报告要求要求每位学生各自将以上各题的实验成果简要记录下来，形成.xls 和.doc文档，内容包括：1、所采用的工具、函数或公式；2、主要结果及图表表示、主要结论。

第五章第一题第一小题答案如下：1.设置环境：打开Excel-文件-选项-加载项-转到-规划求解加载项-确定2.输入数据3.设置决策变量初始值为04.约束条件y= 100000*B40-SUMPRODUCT(B4:B19,B24:B39)consultants number=SUM(B24:B39)/255.目标函数：cost=SUMPRODUCT(B4:E19,B24:E39)+SUMPRODUCT(B40:E40,B20:E20)总花6．选择“数据”-规划求解-选择单纯线性规划的方法求解7．结果截图8．规划求解得到的报告9．结论：如果一个地点的顾问数量没有约束而且目标是使成本最小化，那么总部选址应该选在Denver，每个办公机构应该配备27个顾问，年设备和差旅成本为219,500美元。

第二小题答案如下：1．思路同上，截图如下：3．规划求解参数设置4．结果截图5．结论：如果总部最多配10个顾问，那么总部应该设在Los Angeles，办公机构分别设为Tulsa、Denver、Seattle，配备顾问数目分别为7、10、10人。

(完整版)供应链管理第三版Unit5习题与答案

Chapter 5Network Design in the Supply ChainTrue/False1. Supply chain network design decisions include the location of manufacturing,storage, or transportation-related facilities and the allocation of capacity and roles to each facility.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2. Decisions concerning the role of each facility are significant because theydetermine the amount of flexibility the supply chain has in changing the way itmeets demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. Decisions concerning the role of each facility are significant because theydetermine the amount of rigidity the supply chain has in changing the way itmeets demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate4. Facility location decisions have a long-term impact on a supply chain’sperformance because it is cost effective to shut down a facility or move it to adifferent location.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy5. Capacity allocation decisions have a significant impact on supply chainperformance because they tend to stay in place for several years.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate6. The allocation of supply sources and markets to facilities has a significant impacton performance because it affects total production, inventory, and transportation costs incurred by the supply chain to satisfy customer demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy7. The allocation of supply sources and markets to facilities does not need to bereconsidered on a regular basis so that the allocation can be changed as market conditions or plant capacities change.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. Network design decisions have a significant impact on performance becausethey determine the supply chain configuration and set constraints within whichinventory, transportation, and information can be used to either decrease supply chain cost or increase responsiveness.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate9. Network design decisions have a significant impact on performance becausethey determine the supply chain conflagration and set constraints within whichinventory, transportation, and information can be used to either increase supplychain cost or reduce responsiveness.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy10. Firms focusing on cost leadership tend to find the lowest cost location for theirmanufacturing facilities, but only if that means locating very far from the markets they serve.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy11. Firms focusing on responsiveness tend to locate facilities closer to the marketand may select a high-cost location if this choice allows the firm to quickly reactto changing market needs.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. If production technology displays significant economies of scale, many locallocations are the most effective.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. If facilities have lower fixed costs, many local facilities are preferred because thishelps lower transportation costs.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate14. If the production technology is very inflexible and product requirements vary fromone country to another, a firm has to set up local facilities to serve the market in each country.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard15. If the technology is flexible, it becomes more difficult to consolidatemanufacturing in a few large facilities.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard16. Tariffs have a minor influence on location decisions within a supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy17. High tariffs lead to more production locations within a supply chain network, witheach location having a lower allocated capacity.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard18. When designing supply chain networks, companies must build appropriateflexibility to help counter fluctuations in exchange rates and demand acrossdifferent countries.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate19. Inventory and facility costs increase as the number of facilities in a supply chainincrease.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. Transportation costs increase as the number of facilities is increased.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21. A firm may increase the number of facilities beyond the point that minimizes totallogistics cost to improve the response time to its customers.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy22. When faced with a network design decision, the goal of a manager is to design anetwork that minimizes the firm’s costs while satisfying customer needs in terms of demand and responsiveness.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard23. The supply chain network is designed to maximize total profits, taking intoaccount the expected margin and demand in each market, various logistics and facility costs, and the taxes and tariffs at each location.Answer: TrueDifficulty: EasyMultiple Choice1. Supply chain network design decisions includea. only the location of manufacturing, storage, or transportation-relatedfacilities.b. only the allocation of capacity and roles to each facility.c. both the location of manufacturing, storage, or transportation-relatedfacilities and the allocation of capacity and roles to each facility.d. neither the location of manufacturing, storage, or transportation-relatedfacilities nor the allocation of capacity and roles to each facility.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy2. Supply chain network design decisions classified as facility role are concernedwitha. what processes are performed at each facility.b. where facilities should be located.c. how much capacity should be allocated to each facility.d. what markets each facility should serve and which supply sources shouldfeed each facility.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate3. Supply chain network design decisions classified as facility location areconcerned witha. what processes are performed at each facility.b. where facilities should be located.c. how much capacity should be allocated to each facility.d. what markets each facility should serve and which supply sources shouldfeed each facility.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy4. Supply chain network design decisions classified as capacity allocation areconcerned witha. what processes are performed at each facility.b. where facilities should be located.c. how much capacity should be allocated to each facility.d. what markets each facility should serve and which supply sources shouldfeed each facility.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy5. Supply chain network design decisions classified as market and supply allocationare concerned witha. what processes are performed at each facility.b. where facilities should be located.c. how much capacity should be allocated to each facility.d. what markets each facility should serve and which supply sources shouldfeed each facility.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy6. Decisions concerning the role of each facility are significant becausea. they determine the amount of flexibility the supply chain has indemanding change.b. they determine the amount of flexibility the supply chain has in changingthe way it meets demand.c. they determine the amount of capacity the supply chain has in changingthe way it meets demand.d. they determine the amount of inventory the supply chain has indemanding change.e. None of the above are true.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate7. Facility location decisions have a long-term impact on a supply chain’sperformance becausea. it is very expensive to shut down a facility or move it to a different location.b. it is not expensive to shut down a facility or move it to a different location.c. it is advisable to shut down a facility or move it to a different location.d. it is cost effective to shut down a facility or move it to a different location.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate8. Capacity allocation decisions have a significant impact on supply chainperformance becausea. capacity decisions tend to be permanent.b. capacity decisions tend to be changed frequently.c. capacity decisions do not tend to stay in place for several years.d. capacity decisions tend to stay in place for several years.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate9. Allocating too much capacity to a location results ina. permanent damage.b. poor utilization, and as a result, higher costs.c. high utilization, and as a result, higher costs.d. poor utilization, and as a result, lower costs.e. high utilization, and as a result, lower costs.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate10. Allocating too little capacity results ina. temporary damage.b. good responsiveness if demand is not satisfied or low cost if demand isfilled from a distant facility.c. good responsiveness if demand is not satisfied or high cost if demand isfilled from a distant facility.d. poor responsiveness if demand is not satisfied or low cost if demand isfilled from a distant facility.e. poor responsiveness if demand is not satisfied or high cost if demand isfilled from a distant facility.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate11. The allocation of supply sources and markets to facilities has a significant impacton performance becausea. it cannot affect total production, inventory, and transportation costsincurred by the supply chain to satisfy customer demand.b. it cannot affect customer demand.c. it affects total production, inventory, and transportation costs incurred bythe supply chain to satisfy customer demand.d. it cannot satisfy customer demand.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate12. The allocation of supply sources and markets to facilities should be reconsideredon a regular basis so thata. the allocation can be held constant as market conditions or plantcapacities expand.b. the allocation can be changed as market conditions or plant capacitiesstagnate.c. the allocation can be held constant as market conditions or plantcapacities change.d. the allocation can be changed as market conditions or plant capacitieschange.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate13. Network design decisions have a significant impact on performance becausetheya. determine the supply chain configuration.b. determine the supply chain conflagration.c. set constraints within which inventory, transportation, and information canbe used to either decrease supply chain cost or increase responsiveness.d. set constraints within which inventory, transportation, and information canbe used to either increase supply chain cost or decrease responsiveness.e. a and c onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Hard14. Customer order entry isa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocating product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate15. Which of the following is not a factor influencing network design decisions insupply chains?a. Strategic factorsb. Tactical factorsc. Macroeconomic factorsd. Political factorse. Infrastructure factorsAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate16. Firms focusing on cost leadership tend toa. locate facilities close to the market they serve.b. locate facilities very far from the market they serve.c. find the lowest cost location for their manufacturing facilities.d. select a high-cost location to be able to react quickly.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate17. Firms focusing on responsiveness tend toa. locate facilities close to the market they serve.b. locate facilities very far from the market they serve.c. find the lowest cost location for their manufacturing facilities.d. select a high-cost location to be able to react slowly.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate18. Which of the following is not one of Kasra Ferdows’ classifications of possiblestrategic roles for various facilities in a global supply chain network?a. Offpost facilityb. Source facilityc. Server facilityd. Contributor facilitye. Outpost facilityAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate19. A facility that serves the role of being a low-cost supply source for marketslocated outside the country where the facility is located isa. an offshore facility.b. a source facility.c. a server facility.d. a contributor facility.e. an outpost facility.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate20. A facility that also has low cost as its primary objective, but its strategic role isbroader than that of an offshore facility isa. an offshore facility.b. a source facility.c. a server facility.d. a contributor facility.e. an outpost facility.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate21. A facility built because of tax incentives, local content requirement, tariff barriers,or high logistics cost to supply the region from elsewhere with the objective tosupply the market where it is located isa. an offshore facility.b. a source facility.c. a server facility.d. a contributor facility.e. an outpost facility.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate22. A facility located primarily to obtain access to knowledge or skills that may existwithin a certain region isa. an offshore facility.b. a source facility.c. a server facility.d. a contributor facility.e. an outpost facility.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate23. A facility that serves the market where it is located but also assumesresponsibility for product customization, process improvements, productmodifications, or product development isa. an offshore facility.b. a source facility.c. a server facility.d. a contributor facility.e. an outpost facility.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate24. A facility that creates new products, processes, and technologies for the entirenetwork isa. an offshore facility.b. a source facility.c. a server facility.d. a lead facility.e. an outpost facility.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate25. If production technology displays significant economies of scale,a. many high-capacity locations are the most effective.b. few high-capacity locations are the most effective.c. few high-capacity locations are the least effective.d. few low-capacity locations are the most effective.e. few low-capacity locations are the least effective.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate26. If facilities have lower fixed costs,a. a few high-capacity facilities are preferred because this helps lowertransportation costs.b. a few local facilities are preferred because this helps lower transportationcosts.c. many high-capacity facilities are preferred because this helps lowertransportation costs.d. many local facilities are preferred because this helps lower transportationcosts.e. one central facility is preferred because this helps lower transportationcosts.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate27. If the production technology is very inflexible and product requirements vary fromone country to another, a firm has to set upa. local facilities to serve the market in each country.b. a few high-capacity facilities to serve the market in each country.c. many local facilities because this helps lower transportation costs.d. a few high-capacity facilities because this helps lower transportation costs.e. many high-capacity facilities because this helps lower transportation costs.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard28. If the technology is flexible,a. it becomes more difficult to consolidate manufacturing in a few largefacilities.b. it becomes more difficult to distribute manufacturing in many localfacilities.c. it becomes easier to consolidate manufacturing in a few large facilities.d. it becomes easier to consolidate manufacturing in many local facilities.e. the firm should have one central facility.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard29. Which of the following is a macroeconomic factor influencing network designdecisions?a. Taxesb. Tariffsc. Exchange ratesd. all of the abovee. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy30. Duties that must be paid when products and/or equipment are moved acrossinternational, state, or city boundaries are referred to asa. taxes.b. tax incentives.c. tariffs.d. incentives.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate31. If a country has very high tariffs,a. companies either do not serve the local market or set up manufacturingplants within the country to save on duties.b. companies do not serve the local market.c. companies set up manufacturing plants within the country to save onduties.d. companies will not serve the local market or set up manufacturing plantswithin the country to save on duties.e. companies will serve the local market by setting up regionalmanufacturing plants.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate32. Developing countries often create free trade zones wherea. duties and tariffs are imposed as long as production is used primarily forexport.b. duties and tariffs are imposed as long as production is used primarily forimport.c. duties and tariffs are relaxed as long as production is used primarily forexport.d. duties and tariffs are relaxed as long as production is used primarily forimport.e. duties and tariffs are increased as long as production is used primarily forexport.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy33. Building some over-capacity in the supply chain network and making the capacityflexible allows a firm to alter production flows within the supply chain toa. produce less in facilities that have a lower cost based on currentexchange rates.b. produce more in facilities that have a lower cost based on currentexchange rates.c. produce more in facilities that have a higher cost based on currentexchange rates.d. produce less in facilities that have the same cost based on currentexchange rates.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate34. Positive externalities are instances wherea. the collocation of multiple firms benefits all of them.b. the dispersion of multiple firms benefits all of them.c. the cooperation of multiple firms benefits all of them.d. the coordination of multiple firms benefits all of them.e. the disagreement of multiple firms benefits all of them.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate35. Inventory and facility costsa. decrease as the number of facilities in a supply chain increases.b. increase as the number of facilities in a supply chain increases.c. increase as the number of facilities in a supply chain decreases.d. are stable as the number of facilities in a supply chain increases.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate36. Transportation costsa. decrease as the number of facilities is decreased.b. decrease as the number of facilities is increased.c. increase as the number of facilities is decreased.d. remain stable as the number of facilities is increased.e. All of the above are accurate.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy37. Total logistics costs are a sum of thea. inventory and facility costs.b. transportation and facility costs.c. inventory and transportation costs.d. inventory, transportation, and facility costs.e. inventory, transportation, and faculty costs.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy38. The facilities in a supply chain network musta. at least maximize total logistics cost.b. at least equal the number that maximizes total logistics cost.c. at least equal the number that minimizes total logistics cost.d. at least minimize total logistics cost.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy39. When faced with a network design decision, the goal of a manager is to design anetwork thata. maximizes the firm’s profits.b. minimizes the firm’s costs.c. satisfies customer needs in terms of demand and responsiveness.d. maximizes the firm’s profits while satisfying customer needs in terms ofdemand and responsiveness.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate40. Which of the following is not a phase in the design of a global supply chainnetwork?a. Define a supply chain strategy.b. Define the regional facility configuration.c. Select desirable sites.d. Location choices.e. Implement supply chain strategy.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate41. Which of the following is the first phase in the design of a global supply chainnetwork?a. Define a supply chain strategy.b. Define the regional facility configuration.c. Select desirable sites.d. Location choices.e. Implement supply chain strategy.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate42. The objective of the first phase of network design is toa. maximize total profits, taking into account the expected margin anddemand in each market.b. select a precise location and capacity allocation for each facility.c. select a set of desirable sites within each region where facilities are to belocated.d. identify regions where facilities will be located, their potential roles, andtheir approximate capacity.e. specify what capabilities the supply chain network must have to support afirm’s competitive strategy.Answer: eDifficulty: HardThe objective of the first phase of network design is to define a firm’s supply chain strategy. The supply chain strategy specifies what capabilities the supply chain network must have to support a firm’s competitive strategy (see Chapter 2).The objective of the second phase of network design is to identify regions where facilities will be located, their potential roles, and their approximate capacity.The objective of Phase III is to select a set of desirable sites within each region where facilities are to be located. The set of desirable sites should be larger than the desired number of facilities to be set up so that a precise selection may be made in Phase IV. The objective of this phase is to select a precise location and capacity allocation for each facility. Attention is restricted to the desirable sites selected in Phase III.43. The objective of the second phase of network design is toa. maximize total profits, taking into account the expected margin and demandin each market.b. select a precise location and capacity allocation for each facility.c. select a set of desirable sites within each region where facilities are to belocated.d. identify regions where facilities will be located, their potential roles, and theirapproximate capacity.e. specify what capabilities the supply chain network must have to support afirm’s competitive strategy.Answer: dDifficulty: Hard44. The objective of the third phase of network design is toa. maximize total profits, taking into account the expected margin and demandin each market.b. select a precise location and capacity allocation for each facility.c. select a set of desirable sites within each region where facilities are to belocated.d. identify regions where facilities will be located, their potential roles, and theirapproximate capacity.e. specify what capabilities the supply chain network must have to support afirm’s competitive strategy.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard45. The objective of the third phase of network design is toa. maximize total profits, taking into account the expected margin and demandin each market.b. select a precise location and capacity allocation for each facility.c. select a set of desirable sites within each region where facilities are to belocated.d. identify regions where facilities will be located, their potential roles, and theirapproximate capacity.e. specify what capabilities the supply chain network must have to support afirm’s competitive strategy.Answer: bDifficulty: HardFacilities last a long time and have an enduring impact on a firm’s performance. Therefore, it is very important that long-term consequences be thought through when making facility decisions.Network design decisions regarding facility location and facility role have a significant impact on the culture of each facility and the firm. The culture at a facility will beinfluenced by other facilities in its vicinity. Network designers can use this fact to influence the role of the new facility and the focus of people working there.The location of a facility has a significant impact on the extent and form of communication that develops in the supply chain network. Locating a facility far from headquarters will likely give it more of a culture of autonomy.The quality of life at selected facility locations has a significant impact on performance because it influences the work force available and their morale.Managers making facility location decisions should carefully consider tariffs and tax incentives. When considering international locations, it is astounding how often tax incentives drive the choice of location, often overcoming all of the other cost factors combined.46. It is very important that long-term consequences be thought through whenmaking facility decisions, becausea. network designers can use this fact to influence the role of the new facilityand the focus of people working there.b. facilities last a long time and have an enduring impact on a firm’sperformance.c. it is astounding how often tax incentives drive the choice of location.d. the location of a facility has a significant impact on the extent and form ofcommunication that develops in the supply chain network.e. the quality of life at selected facility locations has a significant impact onperformance.Answer: bDifficulty: Hard47. The implications of culture should not be glossed over becausea. tariffs and tax incentives should be carefully considered.b. facilities last a long time and have an enduring impact on a firm’sperformance.c. it is astounding how often tax incentives drive the choice of location.d. the location of a facility has a significant impact on the extent and form ofcommunication that develops in the supply chain network.e. the quality of life at selected facility locations has a significant impact onperformance.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard48. The quality of life at selected facility locations has a significant impact onperformance becausea. network designers can use this fact to influence the role of the new facilityand the focus of people working there.b. facilities last a long time and have an enduring impact on a firm’sperformance.c. it is astounding how often tax incentives drive the choice of location.d. the location of a facility has a significant impact on the extent and form ofcommunication that develops in the supply chain network.e. it influences the work force available and their morale.Answer: eDifficulty: Hard。

采购与供应链管理习题库05第五章习题及参考答案

同步测试一、单项选择题1.JIT采购的根本目的是（）CA.提高质量B.减少供应商数量C.消除库存，减少不必要的浪费D、充分交流信息2.JIT采购的实施要求与供应商的距离是（）CA．越远越好B．适中C．越近越好D．没有要求3. 对产品设计人员来说，质量是（）AA．产品满足功能要求的性质B．意味着性能，外观方面能够满足其需要的产品C．意味着以最小成本生产出符合订单规格要求的产品D．意味着在价格方面能满足其需要的产品4. 使用“性价比”是来衡量（）之间的关系AA．质量与成本B．数量与成本C．数量与质量D．质量与价格5. 采购成本是指（）DA、买价B、订购费用C、采购人员的工资费用D、买价、运杂费及相关的采购费用6. 学习曲线所描绘的是生产数量与生产这些数量所需（）之间的经验关系。

DA、制造费用B、工资率C、工资成本D、工时7. 如果每一千个的工时能降低20%,,，我们说这是（）AA、80%的学习曲线；B、20%的学习曲线C、120%的学习曲线D、10%的学习曲线8. 在进行重大的资本性设备采购或选择战略伙伴型供应商时，主要通过（）去真正了解供应商。

BA.研究供应商提供的资料B.实地考察供应C.发放调查问卷D.向大型的调查企业购买相关资料9．企业在选择供应商的过程中，不重要的指标为（）DA产品价格B服务C产品质量D股权结构10.（）是企业评价供应商的最低标准。

CA. 供应商是否具备基本的职业道德B. 供应商是否具备良好的沟通与协调能力C. 供应商是否具有在规定时间内提供符合采购企业要求的货品能力D. 供应商是否具有良好的企业风险意识和风险管理能力二、多项选择题1．采购过程的质量控制可以从以下（）方面进行阐述BCDA．初选供应商的质量控制B．样件试制采购的质量控制C．中试采购的质量控制D．批量采购的质量控制2. 来料检验的优点有（）BCDA.来料检验通常比进货检验成本高许多B.供应商对产品符合质量要求应承担的责任减少了C.缩减了拒收、退货、再加工和再交货的周期D.供应商的专业检验程序和检测设备得到了充分应用。

供应链与物流管理第5章作业答案

1.物流业务主要有哪几种模式？它们各有何特点？答：企业物流一般可以分为生产阶段的内部物流和采购销售阶段的外部物流，一般可以将它分为企业自营物流、第三方物流、物流联盟和第四方物流等几种模式。

2. 企业应该怎样选择适合自身的物流业务模式？企业应该怎样选择适合自身的物流业务模式？答：从企业竞争战术的角度来考虑，决定企业采用自营还是外包物流最重要的决策变量有两个：一是物流外包和自营比较，是否能够提高企业物流运营效率；二是物流外包和自营比较，是否能够降低企业物流运营成本。

决策标准可以归结为两个因素，即物流对于企业成功与否的关键度（与战略考虑一致）和企业管理物流的能力（与战术考虑一致）。

这两个因素共同决定了企业应该采用怎样的物流模式。

3. 第三方物流具有什么经济效益？第三方物流具有什么经济效益？答：第三方物流是提供多种服务功能的，非常个性化的物流活动。

成功的第三方物流要求双方建立长期战略合作伙伴关系。

第三方物流服务商既是战略投资人，又是风险承担者。

4. 第三方物流有哪些类型，各自有什么特点？第三方物流有哪些类型，各自有什么特点？答：从全球范围看，第三方物流服务商可以根据其核心能力和历史背景分为基于运输服务的、基于仓储/配送服务的、基于货运代理服务的、基于港口/铁路终端服务的、基于信息与系统集成等五大类。

特点：基于运输服务：这类一般由海运、陆运和空运公司等运输部门建立起物流能力，充分利用广大的运输终端网络提供仓库和转运服务，并在提供运输服务的基础上提供全面的、一系列的增值服务。

基于仓储/配送服务：这类一般是仓储公司的基础上发展起来的，其提供公用的或共享的仓储服务，通过与承运商/或独立船队的关系提供配送服务。

基于货运代理服务：这类公司通常本身并不拥有可用于物流服务的资产，主要侧重货运过程的协调，寻求通过管理实物、财务和海关/管制制度来提供“综合物流服务”的机会，在此基础上提供增值服务。

基于港口/铁路终端服务：这类公司主要基于终端运作服务，并将业务延伸至运输和配送，其通常为散伙、消费类和工业类产品提供仓储、转运、分运、以及终端配送服务。

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