中学考试英语语法-复合句
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人教版中考英语专项练习复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句为句子的主体,从句只是做句子的一个成分。根据从句在句子中的作用,可以把从句分为名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句),定语从句和状语从句(时间,地点,原因,条件,让步,方式,比较等)三类。
一.宾语从句
1.宾语从句根据引导词的不同分为三种类型
⑴由that引导的宾语从句,其中that不做成分,可省略。
We all knew (that) we should learn from each other.
⑵由if/whether引导的宾语从句。
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
⑶由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?
2.宾语从句“三关”
⑴引导词关
注意:whether与if的区别
只用whether的情况
①在介词后面 We don`t think about whether it would rain the
next day.
②在动词不定式前 They asked me whether to sit at the front.
③当与or not连用,或提出两种选择时 Mary asked whether I was
doing my homework or not at that time
④宾语从句提前时 Whether this is true or not, I can`t say
⑤在动词discuss后的宾语从句中 We discussed whether we should
have a sports meeting next week.
⑥引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether
The question was whether he went there last night
只用if的情况
①引导否定概念的宾语从句时
He asked me if I had`t finished my homework
②引导条件状语从句时,if意为“如果”
We`ll go hiking if it doesn`t rain tomorrow
⑵语序关
①宾语从句若为陈述句,语序不变
②宾语从句若为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,语序还原为陈述语序
⑶时态关
①如果主句是现在的时态,从句时态据实际情况而定
②如果主句是过去某种时态,从句时态一定变为过去某时态
注意:宾语从句表述的是客观真理,自然现象时,只能用一般现在时
3.人称变化:
4.从句简化
⑴当主句谓语动词是find, see,watch,hear等时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为省to不定式或v+ing形式
She found that the wallet lay/lying on the ground.→
She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
⑵当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句简化为不定式结构
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →
She agreed to help me with my maths.
⑶在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构
Can you tell me how I can get to the station? →
Can you tell me how to get to the station?
5.否定转移
如果主句的谓语动词是believe,think,guess,suppose等,且主句主语是一人称时,后面所接宾语从句的否定词通常前移到主句中。
I don`t think that she can finish this work on time.
注意:①这种否定前移的宾语从句,在变成反意疑问句时,反意疑问句的主谓要与从句一致
I don`t think he is interested in that, is he?
③如果主句主语是二三人称时,宾语从句否定词不前移,反意疑问
句反问主句
She thought that film was not interesting, didn`t she? 二.状语从句
1.时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since,
till, until, as soon as等来引导。在时间状语从句中,通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到…时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到…才…”, “在…以前不…”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Since引导的时间状语从句,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用过去时。While引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词,不能是短暂性动词。as, when, while都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生。as强调两动作同时进行,并表示对比;发生时间较短,且由“一边…一边…”的意思。When还可表示从句动词的动作在主句动词的动作“之前”或“之后”发生。While用于时间较长时。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
2.条件状语从句
通常用if, unless引导。在条件状语从句中,谓语动词通常用现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
I`m waiting for my friend. If she doesn`t come, I`ll go shopping alone.
3.原因状语从句
通常用because, since, as(由于)引导。because表示直接原因,语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。as和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的从句多放在句首。because