中学考试英语语法-复合句

人教版中考英语专项练习复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。

主句为句子的主体，从句只是做句子的一个成分。

根据从句在句子中的作用，可以把从句分为名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式，比较等）三类。

一.宾语从句1.宾语从句根据引导词的不同分为三种类型⑴由that引导的宾语从句，其中that不做成分，可省略。

We all knew (that) we should learn from each other.⑵由if/whether引导的宾语从句。

Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.⑶由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。

Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?2.宾语从句“三关”⑴引导词关注意：whether与if的区别只用whether的情况①在介词后面 We don`t think about whether it would rain thenext day.②在动词不定式前 They asked me whether to sit at the front.③当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时 Mary asked whether I wasdoing my homework or not at that time④宾语从句提前时 Whether this is true or not, I can`t say⑤在动词discuss后的宾语从句中 We discussed whether we shouldhave a sports meeting next week.⑥引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whetherThe question was whether he went there last night只用if的情况①引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked me if I had`t finished my homework②引导条件状语从句时，if意为“如果”We`ll go hiking if it doesn`t rain tomorrow⑵语序关①宾语从句若为陈述句，语序不变②宾语从句若为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，语序还原为陈述语序⑶时态关①如果主句是现在的时态，从句时态据实际情况而定②如果主句是过去某种时态，从句时态一定变为过去某时态注意：宾语从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象时，只能用一般现在时3.人称变化：4.从句简化⑴当主句谓语动词是find, see,watch,hear等时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为省to不定式或v+ing形式She found that the wallet lay/lying on the ground.→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.⑵当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句简化为不定式结构She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.⑶在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构Can you tell me how I can get to the station? →Can you tell me how to get to the station?5.否定转移如果主句的谓语动词是believe,think,guess,suppose等，且主句主语是一人称时，后面所接宾语从句的否定词通常前移到主句中。

I don`t think that she can finish this work on time.注意：①这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓要与从句一致I don`t think he is interested in that, is he?③如果主句主语是二三人称时，宾语从句否定词不前移，反意疑问句反问主句She thought that film was not interesting, didn`t she? 二．状语从句1.时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since,till, until, as soon as等来引导。

在时间状语从句中，通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。

在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到…时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。

如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到…才…”, “在…以前不…”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。

Since引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用过去时。

While引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词，不能是短暂性动词。

as, when, while都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生。

as强调两动作同时进行，并表示对比；发生时间较短，且由“一边…一边…”的意思。

When还可表示从句动词的动作在主句动词的动作“之前”或“之后”发生。

While用于时间较长时。

When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.2.条件状语从句通常用if, unless引导。

在条件状语从句中，谓语动词通常用现在时表示将来的动作或状态。

I`m waiting for my friend. If she doesn`t come, I`ll go shopping alone.3.原因状语从句通常用because, since, as（由于）引导。

because表示直接原因，语气最强。

because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。

回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。

as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。

由as和since引导的从句多放在句首。

because和so不能同时出现。

As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our match.4.结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that 引导。

so…that与such…that 可以互换。

如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时,只能用so. so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to…或not…enough to代替such+形容词+不可数名词/复数可数名词+thatsnch+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+that=so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+thatLast night Judy worked so late that she didn`t catch the early bus this morning.5.比较状语从句通常由as…as, than等连词引导Though the player is over thirty, he can still run as fast as some young players6.目的状语从句通常用so that, in order that引导。

so that即可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。

区别是：目的状语从句中往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等，从意义上看，目的状语从句表示的目的很明确。

Pass the cake round so that everyone can take a piece.7.让步状语从句通常由though, although, as等连词引导。

although, though与but 不同时出现。

Though he is old, he is very strong.8.地点状语从句通常由where, wherever引导Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.9.方式状语从句通常由as, as if, as though等引导Always do to the others as you would be done by.希望别人怎样待你，你就怎样待人三．定语从句指在主从复合句中充当定语的句子，在句中修饰名词、代词，常由关系代词which, that, who(m), whose及关系副词when, where, why 等引导。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

定语从句放先行词后做后置定语1.当先行词表示人时，定语从句用关系代词that, who, whom引导。

当先行词表物时，定语从句用关系词that或which。

当关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。

⑴that可指人，也可指物，在从句中可作主语，宾语。

作宾语可省⑵which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，作宾语时可省，可以引导非限制性定语从句，有时可与that互换。

⑶who, whom, whose指人，who在从句中做主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose在从句中作定语He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.The package which/that you are carrying is too heavy.Please pass me the book whose/of which cover is green. 2.当引导词在句中作状语时不可用that, which, who(m)等关系代词，而应用关系副词。

表示时间用when,表示地点用where, 表示原因用why。

但这些关系副词可转换为“介词+关系代词”形式。

Beijing is the place where/in which I was born.3.其他注意事项⑴表示物时只能用that引导定语从句的情况①当先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything,little, much none, the one等不定代词时②先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等词修饰时（当先行词是人时，也可用关系代词who或whom）④当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时⑤当先行词同时含有物和人时⑥主句中已有疑问词who或which时 Which is the bike that youlost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?⑵表示物时只用which不用that的情况①当关系代词前使用介词时②在非限制性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主语隔开，若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句）中⑶指人时，当先行词为everybody, anybody, everyone, anyone等时要用who,不用that⑷一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个用whoThe boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个用thatEdison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before注意：⑴关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数要和先行词一致⑵one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数谓语动词the (only) one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数谓语动词Titanic is one of the best movies that have been produced in Hollywood.Titanic is the (only) one of the best movies that has been produced in Hollywood四．主语从句在句中作主语的名词性从句叫主语从句。