语法复习(倒装句)

语法复习•倒装句

在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时谓语的全部或者一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）却提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做“倒装”。

倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要，一是为了强调。

英语中的倒装，分为部分倒装和完全倒装。

一、部分倒装：

1. 否定意义的词或短语，位于句首，需部分倒装。

如否定词no, not, never；半否定词hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, few；no合成的代词或副词nobody, nothing, nowhere；否定的短语not until, by no means, in no way, in no time, under no circumstances。

No word did he say before he left.

Never had I heard or seen such a thing.

Little did I know about it.

Nowhere will you find better roses than theses.

Not until he went abroad did he know the truth.

By no means shall we give up.

2. not only (merely, alone, simply)…(but) also 连接两个并列分句，前一分句需倒装。

Not only did we lose our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.

Not simply is this book interesting but also instructive.

注意：Not only you but also I（连接并列主语不倒装）will attend the meeting.

3. neither…nor连接两个并列分句，前后两个分句都倒装。

Neither did they write nor did they telephone.

Neither is he wrong nor are you.

Neither could I help you, nor could he.

Neither French nor German do I know.

Neither on Saturday nor on Sunday do we have lessons.

注意：Neither you nor I（连接并列主语不倒装）like this book.

4. Only + 状语，位于句首，需部分倒装。

Only when I got there did I know the truth.

Only in the morning can you meet him.

Only him did I see yesterday.

注意：Only Li Lei（修饰主语不倒装）can answer this question.

5. 在含有were, had, should的if虚拟条件句中，省略if，将were, had, should移到句首，需部分倒装。

Were he here, we would have no difficulty with it.

Had you worked hard, you would have finished it early.

Should it rain, the crops would be saved.

6. as / though引导让步状语从句时，用部分倒装。

Old as / though he is, he works like a young man.

Much as I admire her, I can’t forgive her faults.

Try again as / though he will, he can’t succeed.

In the classroom as / though he stays, he doesn’t read his texts.

注意：Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.

（表语是单数可数名词，倒装时省略名词前的a/an）

7. so…that…和such…that…引导状语从句，当so或such提到句首时，主句需用倒装语序。

So interesting is that story that everyone wants to read it.

So good a girl is she that we all like her.

Such a good girl is she that we all like her.

8. to such an extent, to such a degree, to such lengths介词短语位于句首时，需倒装。

To such lengths did he speak that everyone got bored.

To such an extent did they fight that they broke up.

9. so 位于后一分句句首，表示“也一样”，需倒装。

He has been to Beijing, and so have I.

Tom will go there next summer, and so will I.

He can speak French. So can I.

She respected me. So did I.

Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.

10. neither, nor, no more 位于后一分句句首，表示“也不”，需倒装。

He didn’t see the film, neither did she.

I don’t enjoy singing, nor did I like computer games.

She is not into music, nor am I.

He can’s drive a c ar. No more can I.

11. be动词引导的让步状语从句需倒装。

Be he rich or poor, I will love him for the rest of my life.

12. as引导的方式状语从句中，可采用倒装，也可不用。

My uncle, as did other hunters, had a dog team.

He was honest and diligent, as were most of his classmated.

13. 在比较状语从句中因主语较长，或带有较长的修饰语时可倒装，也可不用。

He ran as fast as did the person who came from England.

American consumed more energy than did our country.

二、完全倒装：

1. 以here, there, now, then或out, in, up, down, off, away, below, back 等方向性副词开头的句子，需完全倒装。

Here comes the bus.

Now comes your turn.

Then came a new difficulty.

In came an old man with a white beard.

Out rushed a cat from under the table.

Off went the horse.

注意：The door opened and in she came.

Here you are.

Out he rushed. （主语为代词不倒装）

2. 用在“There be “结构中，需完全倒装。

There are different forms of energy.

There stands a high building by the river.

3. 表地点的介词短语位于句首，需完全倒装。

Around the lake are some tall tree.

At the end of the valley lies a small lake.

Under the table sleeps a brown cat.

4. 表语位于句首时，需完全倒装。

Seated on the ground are a group of young people.

Hanging on the wall was a painting by Qi Baishi.

Gone are the days when we were together.

Happy are those who are contended.

注意：在表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。