冀教版八年级上册英语语法知识点总结

冀教版八年级上册英语语法知识点总结Simple Present Tense III

*一般现在时态的否定和疑问形式．

否定和疑问形式都要借助do/does.

I like my picture.

--- I don’t like my picture.

--- Do you like your picture?

---What do you like?

She likes purple.

--- She doesn’t like purple.

---Does she like purple?

--- What does she like?

The Present Perfect Tense.

1.构成:助动词have/has+动词的过去

分词,即:have/has done, 现在以动词

work为例子将现在完成时态的肯定

形式, 否定形式和疑问形式及简略答

语讲解一下.

肯定形式:

I /You have worked.

He/She/It has worked.

We/You/They have worked.

*否定形式:

I /You have not worked.

He/She/It has not worked.

We/You/They have not worked. 疑问形式及简略答语:

Have I /you worked?

Yes, you/I have.

No, you/I have not.

Has he/she/it worked?

Yes, he/she/it has.

No, he/she/it has not.

Have we/you /they worked?

Yes, you/we/they have.

No, you/we/they have not.

2. 基本用法:

A: 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成影响或结果.

I have just washed my clothes.

* 洗衣服是过去发生的动作, 对现在造成的结果是“衣服洗干净了” .

B:表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态, 常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在包括“现在” 在内的一段时间状语连用.

We have learned English for two years.

3. 现在完成时常和already, yet, sometime, always, never, ever, before, just等词连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的this morning, today, this week, this year等时间状语连用.

I have written 3 English e-mails today.

今天我已经写了三封英文电子邮件了.

I have painted six new pictures this week.

这周我已经画了六幅新画.

I have seen you before.

我以前见过你.

4. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:

现在完成时态表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 强调的是现在的情况, 所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用, 如:yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now, in 2000等.而一般过去时态只表示过去的动作或状态, 和现在不发生关系, 要和表示过去的时间状语连用. 试比较:

I have read the book.

我已经读过这本书.

I read the book last year.

我去年读了这本书(只说明去年读了这本书, 不涉及现在的情况.)

He has worked here since 1998.

1998年以来他一直在这里工作.(他现在还在这里工作)

He worked here in 1998.

1998年他在这里工作.(不涉及现在他是否在这里工作)

She has been a teacher for twenty years.

她当老师20年了.(她现在还是老师)

She was a teacher for twenty years.

她当了20年老师.(不涉及现在是不是老师)

5. 动词过去分词的构成:

*规则变化: 和过去式变化规则相同

A: 动词原形+ed: played, wanted, worked

B: 以不发音的e结尾的词加d: loved, liked, used

C: 以辅音字母+y结尾的词, 先变y加为i, 再加ed:

study—studied, try—tried, worry--worried

D:末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词, 先

双写这个辅音字母，再加ed:

stopped, planned, dropped,

不规则变化：需掌握规律, 逐一熟记.

Ａ:词形不变: cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, let-let-let

B:过去式和过去分词相同:

dig-dug-dug, feel-felt-felt

C:过去式加n /en构成过去分词:

speak-spoke-spoken, break-broke-broken

choose-chose-chosen

D:动词原形中间元音字母i改a变为过去

式,i改u变为过去分词:

begin-began-begun, drink-drank-drunk

E:从原形变为过去分词:

come-came-come, do-did-done,

go-went-gone

反意疑问句:

1.概念: 反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见, 但没有把握,希望对方来证实.

2.构成:反意疑问句由两部分构成, 前一部分是对事物的陈述, 后一部分是简短提问.如

果前一部分用肯定形式，后一部分就用否定形式，如果前一部分用否定形式, 后一部分就用肯定形式. 两部分的人称和时态要一致.

3.语调:反意疑问句陈述部分用降调, 提问者对陈述部分把握大时,后一部分用降调, 把握不大时, 用升调.

4.例句:

---The weather here in summer is very hot,

isn’t it?

---Yes, it is.

---You like swimming, don’t you?

---No, I don’t.