赫拉克利特哲学残篇

赫拉克利特HERACLITUS0. 我们踏入，又不踏入，这同一条河流。

1.我描述过LOGOS后，人们看来还是不理解LOGOS。

尽管事情按LOGOS而发展发生，有过某些事情经验的人们，就像那些没有经验的人那样，在我按LOGOS的各个构成部分，加以区分每件事情后，人们还是意识不到LOGOS。

但是其余一些人拒绝去认识他们醒后的所作所为，就像他们睡着时，不记得他们的行为那样。

2.因此有必要遵从常识，尽管LOGOS是常识，然而每个人都有他独自的见解。

3.不要听我的，听LOGOS的，他明智地赞成所有的事物是一个整体的。

4.事情的真正构成部分，惯于将其自身隐藏。

5.人类的意向没有真实判断，而神有。

6.对于事情的所见所闻和理解，这些是我所宁可尝试的。

7.罪恶的见证是人的眼睛，耳朵，如果他们有灵魂，他们的灵魂不懂他们的语言。

8.向上的道路也就是向下的道路。

他们是相同的。

9.病痛使得健康安乐，饥饿满足，疲倦休息。

10.海是最纯洁也是最受污染的水，对鱼来说海水是可饮用的和有益健康的，对人来说，海水是不可饮用的和有害的。

11.我们生，我们死；我们睡和醒；我们年轻和年老，其中所存在的是一回事，因为那些，循环改变成这些，这些，循环又改变成那些。

12.事物被聚集在一起是一个整体，又不是一个整体，事物被聚集又被分离，所有的事物之外组成一个整体，而整体之外又是所有事物。

13.上帝是白天也是黑夜，冬天也是夏天，战争也是和平，饥渴也是饱足。

14.15.战争是万物之王。

16.赫拉克利特指责有些作者说，“战争会破坏神和人之间的关系”，因为除非有高低之存在，音乐的和玄将不存在，互为对立的男人和女人也将不存在。

17.世界的秩序不是由神和人类制定的，但他就是像他的那样存在着，一把永恒地燃烧着的火把。

18.火的转变：最初是海，海的一半是陆地，陆地使海散开，并被测量了。

19.所有的东西的交换都是一回事，对火与火的交换是这样，对所有事都是这样，东西和金的交换是这样，金和其他东西的交换也是这样。

20.霹雳掌控了其他的所有事。

21.赫拉克利特说，所有的事物都是有秩序的，没有东西是静止的，比如河水的流淌，他说人不能两次踏入同一条河流。

22.有人说不是所有的东西都是运动的，但是所有的东西在任何时刻都是运动着的，然而这是难以察觉的。

23.对那些踏入同一条河流的人来说，不同的水在流淌，分散和聚集，流近，又流远。

24.智慧就是，事物被正确的判断所认识，事物是怎样和其他事物联系的。

25.唯一的真智慧，不会满足于被称为神王宙斯。

26.对灵魂来说，死就是变成水，对水而言，死就是意味着变成大地，水由大地生成，灵魂由水生成。

27.干燥的灵魂是最好和最具智慧的。

28.一个醉酒的人的灵魂是湿的。

29.对你来说，将不可能找到灵魂的外壳。

30.在暴怒的时候打仗是困难的。

31.我进行内省。

32.傲慢比大火更应该扑灭。

33.人的性格就是他的命运。

34.人们必须为法律的利益而战斗，就像为保卫城墙而战斗一样。

35.有见识的人说话必须依赖众识，就像城市必须要依赖于法律，对人类来说，所有的法律都来源于神的法律。

36.人们以非神圣的方式举行的神秘的仪式。

37.当他们受伤流血时，他们用血来净化他们；就如一个人踏入泥沼时，又用泥沼洗澡，如果他被人看到这样在做，会被认为发疯了的，再有，当他们向神像祷告时，就像他们在和房子交谈，而没有认识到那是神或半神。

e.HERACLITUS0. We step and do not step into the same river, we are and we are not.1. Of the logos which is as I describe it men always prove to be uncomprehending, both before they have heard it and when once they have heard it. For although all things happen according to this logos men are alike people of no experience, even when they experience such words and deeds as I explain, when I distinguish each thing according to its constitution and declare how it is; but the rest of men fail to notice what they do after they wake up just as they forget what they do when asleep.(Fr.1)2. therefore it is necessary to follow the common; but although the logos is common the many lives as though they had a private understanding.(Fr. 2)3. Listening not to me but to the logos it is wise to agree that all things are one.(Fr. 50)4. The real constitution of things is accustomed to hide itself.(Fr. 123)5. Human disposition does not have true judgement, but divine disposition does.(Fr. 78)6. The things of which there is seeing and hearing and perception, these do I prefer.(Fr. 55)7. Evil witnesses are eyes and ears for men, if they have souls that do not understand their language.(Fr. 107)8. The path up and down is one and the same.(Fr. 60)9. Disease makes health pleasant and good, hunger satiety, weariness rest.(Fr. 111)10. Sea is the most pruer and most polluted water; for fishes it is drinkable and salutary, for men it is undrinkable and deleterious.(Fr. 61)11. And as the same thing there exists in us living and dead and the waking and the sleeping and young and old: for these things having changed round are those, and those having changed round are these.(Fr.10)12. Things taken together are whole and not whole, something which is being brought together and brought apart, which is in tune and out of tune; out of all things there comes a unity, aand out of a unity all things.1.God is day night, winter summer, war peace, satiety hunger; he undergoes alteration in the way that fire, when it is mixed with spices, is named according to the scent of each of them.(Fr.67)2.They do not apprehend how being at variance it agrees with itself; there is a back-stretched connection, as in the bow and the lyre.(Fr. 51)3.War is father of all and king of all, and some he shows as gods, others as men, some he makes slaves, others free.(Fr. 53)4.Heraclitus rebukes the author of the line would that strife might be destroyed from among gods and men; for there would be no musical scale unless high and low existed, nor living creatures without female and male, which are opposites(Aristotle Eudemian Ethics 123a 25)5.This world-order did none of gods or men make, but it always was and is and shall be: aneverlasting fire, kindling in measure and going out in measures.(Fr. 30)6.Fire’s turnings: first sea, and of sea the half is earth, earth is dispersed as se, and ismeasured so as to form the same proportion as existed before it became earth.(Fr.31)7.All things are an equal exchange for fire and fire for all things , as goods are for gold and goldfor goods.(Fr. 90)8.Thunderbolt steers all things.(Fr. 64)9.Heraclitus somewhere says that all things are in process and nothing stays still, and likeningexisting things to the stream of a river he says that you would not step twice into the same river.(Plato Cratylus 402a)10.And some say not that some existing things are moving, and not others, but that all thingsare in motion all the time, but that this escapes our perception.(Aristotle Physics 253b 9)11.Upon those that step into the same rivers different and different waters flow…it scattersand ….gathers….it comes together and flows away… approaches and departs.(Fr. 12)12.The wise is one thing, to be acquainted with true judgement, how all things are steeredthrough all.(Fr. 41)13.One thing , the only truly wise, does not and does consent to be called by the name ofZeus.(Fr.32)14.For souls it is death to become water, for water it is death to become earth; from earthwater comes-to-be, and from water, soul.(Fr.36)15. A dry soul is wisest and best.(Fr.118)16. A man when he is drunk is led by an unfledged boy, stumbling and not knowing where hegoes, having his soul moist.(Fr. 117)17.For you would not find out the boundaries of soul, even by travelling along every path: sodeep a measure does it have.(Fr.45)18.It is hard to fight with anger; for what it wants it buys at the price of soul.(Fr.85)19.I sought for myself.(Fr.10)20.Insolence is more to be extinguished than a conflagration.(Fr.43)21.Man’s character is his daimon fate.(Fr. 119)22.The people must fight on behalf of the law as though for the city wall.(Fr.44)23.Those who speak with sense must rely on what is common to all, as a city must rely on itslaw, and with much greater reliance. For all the power as it wishes and is sufficient for all and is still left over.(Fr. 114)24.The secret rites practiced among men are celebrated in an unholy manner.(Fr. 14)25.They vainly purify themselves with blood when they are defiled with blood, as though onewho had stepped into mud sere to wash with mud; he would seem to be mad, if any of men noticed him doing this. Further, they pray to statues, as if one were to carry on a conversation with houses, not recognizing the true nature of gods or demi-gods.(Fr. 5)。