浅析明清翻译高潮出现的原因

陈墨

08级3班

0801010301

Course: The History of Translation

Instructor:潘旭州

Date: 22/06/2010

Analysis of the reasons why there existed

a translation climax during late Qing dynasty

Abstract: Many translation works are charged to be unfaithful in modern translation climax, especially in the late Qing dynasty from 1840 to 1911.They are

lack of background of western language culture, which lead to the

mistranslation in the translation climax during late Qing dynasty. In order

to seize a better understanding of the translation climax during late Qing

dynasty, I will talk about it from social cultural background and analysis its

reasons, processes and characters.

Key words: translation, climax during late Qing dynasty,

The school of Westernization Movement

The school of Constitutional Reform and Modernization

Brief Introduction:

The disadvantages of study of the reasons why there existed a translation climax

during late Qing dynasty

Ⅰ.The reason of introduction of western learning in the late 20th century

ⅰ.The internal reason of the translation climax during late Qing dynasty

ⅱ.The external reason of the translation climax during late Qing dynasty

Ⅱ. The school of Westernization Movement and the school of Constitutional Reform and Modernization promoted the translation climax during late Qing dynasty.

ⅰ.The school of Westernization Movement promoted the translation climax during late Qing dynasty

ⅱ.The school of Constitutional Reform and Modernization promoted the translation climax during late Qing dynasty.

Ⅲ.The characters of the translation climax during late Qing dynasty.

ⅰ.The ways of translation were special, especially in the beginning period----foreigners interoperated the works and Chinese took records.

ⅱ.The change of works types

ⅲ. The strategies of translation changed a lot.

Analysis of the reason why there existed

a translation climax during late Qing dynasty

For a long time, the study of translation has followed the严复’s “信，达，雅”, which focuses on the analysis of language and text control, rarely involves the problems of translation activities in the culture of target language. So many translation works are charged to be unfaithful in modern translation climax, especially in the late Qing dynasty from 1840 to 1911.They are lack of background of western language culture,

which lead to the mistranslation in the translation climax during late Qing dynasty when thousands of famous western works being translated into Chinese, mainly in the areas of economy, technology, political, philosophy, history, literature, and influence modern China society deeply and widely. This kind of action, which judge a work whether faithful or not just according to if it is faithful to its original on the literal level, is unfair。We cannot ignore the culture request and background. In order to seize a better understanding of the translation climax during late Qing dynasty, I will talk about it from social cultural background and analysis its reasons, processes and characters.

Ⅰ.The reason of introduction of western learning in the late 20th century

From the 18th century, Qing government secluded the country from the outside world, so the international communication was limited greatly. After nearly 200 years separation from the outside world, China was forced to open its gate to western countries. Many Chinese scholars thought of the situation China was in, and decided to safe China through learning advanced western countries. The first thing to do is to learn their language.

ⅰ.The internal reason of the translation climax during late Qing dynasty

First, a large amount of translators and interpolators were needed in the increasing foreign affairs during that period .In 1861,Qing government set up a special agency named 总理衙门, which was aiming to deal with foreign affairs and to train professional translators and interpreters. In 1862, 奕 a greed to set up 京师同文馆in Beijing, considering the Language barrier between China and foreign countries. This agency also paid much attention on training translators, interpreters and diplomats, and it was a branch of总理衙门.Secondly, in the economy aspect, Capitalism had developed in Chain in some degree, there existed some potential readers of western works. Publishing had become a industry, and translator and interpreter had become special jobs. All above reasons promoted the appearance of the translation climax during late Qing dynasty.

ⅱ.The external reason of the translation climax during late Qing dynasty

The series of losing made some officers aware that western countries were beyond