雅思考试模拟试题及答案解析(4)

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雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析(4)

雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析（4）Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes SenseA. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry’s greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs， the boss of Apple，on his firm’s website under the unassuming title “Thoughts on Music” has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music，which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM， it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple’s DRM system， called FairPlay， is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished.B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling)，any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm， such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals， the company warned of “state-sponsored piracy”. Only DRM， it implied， could keep the pirates at bay.C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM： the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others， says Mr Jobs， because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry， says Mr Jobs； without it there would be far more stores and players， and far more innovation. So， he suggests， why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected？“This isclearly the best alternative for consumers，” he declares，“and Apple would embrace it in a heartbeat.”D. Why the sudden change of heart？ Mr Jobs seems chiefly concerned with getting Europe’s regulators off his back. Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM， he suggests，“those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.” Two and a half of the four big record companies， he helpfully points out， are European-owned. Mr Jobs also hopes to paint himself as a consumer champion. Apple resents accusations that it has become the Microsoft of digital music.E. Apple can afford to embrace open competition in music players and online stores. Consumers would gravitate to the best player and the best store， and at the moment that still means Apple’s. Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected， most of it can already be used on other players today，he notes. (And even the protected tracks can be burned onto a CD and then re-ripped.) So Apple’s dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related “lock in”.F. The music giants are trying DRM-free downloads. Lots of smaller labels already sell music that way. Having seen which way the wind is blowing， Mr Jobs now wants to be seen not as DRM’s defender， but as a consumer champion who helped in its downfall. Wouldn’t it lead to a surge in piracy？ No， because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs， people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed， scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store， Apple would benefit most. Mr Jobs’s argument， in short， is transparently self-serving. It also happens to be right.Questions 1-7 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1？Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital music market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kind of music player may not function on another.4. Apple has been criticized by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices.7. If DRM was cancelled， Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.Questions 8-10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs’ idea of DRM is NOT TRUE？A. DRM places restrictions on consumer’ choice of digital music products available.B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.9. The word “unfazed” in line 3 of paragraph E， means___________.A. refusedB. welcomedC. not botheredD. not well received10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped？A. Sony would gain the most profit.B. More customers would be “locked in”.C. A sudden increase in piracy would occur.D. Online-music sales would probably decrease.Questions 11-14 Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Mr. Steve Jobs， the boss of Apple， explains the reason why he used to defend DRM， saying that the company was forced to do so： the record companies would make their music accessible to …11...only if they agreed to protect it using DRM； they can still…12…if the DRM system is compromised. He also provides the reason why Apple did not license FairPlay to others： the company relies on them to …13….But now he changes his mind with a possible expectation that Europe’s regulators would not trouble him any more in the future. He proposes that those who are unsatisfactory with the current situation in digital music market should …14… towards persuade the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.Notes to Reading Passage 11. low-key：抑制的，受约束的，屈服的2. showman：开展览会的人，出风头的人物3. unassuming：谦逊的，不夸耀的，不装腔作势的4. iPod：(苹果公司出产的)音乐播放器5. iTunes store：(苹果公司出产的)在线音乐商店6. get off person's back：不再找某人的麻烦，摆脱某人的纠缠7. gravitate：受吸引，倾向于8. unfazed：不再担忧，不被打扰Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-131. TRUESee the second sentence in Paragraph A “… the future of digital music，which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.”2. FALSESee the third sentence in Paragraph A “…At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft.”3. TRUESee the fourth sentence in Paragraph A “Since there is no common standard for DRM， it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another.”4. TRUESee the second sentence in Paragraph B “It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers.”5. NOT GIVENThe third sentence in Paragaph B only mentions music from the iTunes store， nothing about that of Sony or Microsoft. “Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling).”6. FALSESee the last sentence in Paragraph E “So Apple’s dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related “lock in”.7. NOT GIVENSee the fourth sentence in Paragraph F only mentions music generally， no particular information about business prospect of Sony “Indeed， scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility.”8. BSee the fourth sentence of Paragraph C “All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry， says Mr Jobs； without it there would be far more stores and players， and far more innovation.”9. CSee the third sentence of Paragraph E and the context “Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected， most of it can already be used on other players today.”10. ASee the last four sentences of Paragraph F “Wouldn’t it lead to a surge in piracy？ No， because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs， people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed， scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store， Apple would benefit most.”11. the iTunes storeSee the second sentence of Paragraph C “They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM.”12. withdraw their cataloguesSee the third sentence of Paragraph C “They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised.”13. produce security fixesSee the fourth sentence of Paragraph C “Apple cannot license FairPlay to others， says Mr Jobs， because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly.”14. redirect their energiesSee the second sentence of Paragraph D “Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM， he suggests，“those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.”。

剑桥雅思8听力解析test4

剑桥雅思8听力解析test4－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－Section1Question 1答案waiter(s)听前预测:定位词为vacancies,提示词为for,此处应填名词(工作名称)。

题目解析:本题难度不大,题干中的vacancies 表示“空缺”的意思,同义词为openings。

Could you tell me what kind of staff you are looking for?(你们需要什么样的员工?)We’re looking for waiters at the moment.(我们正在招服务员。

)waiters 正是本题所需答案。

Question 2答案day off听前预测:定位词为two shifts、choose,the same each week,提示词为your,此处应填名词。

题目解析:本题有些难度,利用two different shifts(两班倒)可进行大致定位。

What about time off ?(具体什么时候休息?)You get one day off and I think you can negotiate which one you want, it’s more or less up to you. But it has to be the same one every week.(你有一天的休息时间,很大程度上,你可以决定哪一天休,但必须每周都固定下来。

)以上对话的主要内容是在谈论休息日确定的方式,即选择day off。

Question 3答案break听前预测:定位词为￡5.50perhour,提示词为a,此处应填名词(单数)。

题目解析:本题难度不大,所听即所得,听好定位词,后面直接给出答案break。

Question 4答案(free) meal听前预测:定位词为inthehotel,提示词为A,此处应填名词(单数)。

剑桥雅思4test4题目

剑桥雅思4test4题目标题：剑桥雅思4test4题目解析引言概述：剑桥雅思4test4是雅思考试中的一套模拟试题，对于考生来说是一次重要的练习机会。

本文将对该套试题进行详细解析，帮助考生更好地理解题目要求和解题思路。

正文内容：1. 阅读理解部分1.1 主题识别- 通过阅读题目和段落首尾句，确定文章的主题和中心思想。

- 注意词汇的重要性，尤其是与主题相关的关键词。

1.2 细节理解- 关注细节信息，如数字、日期、地点等。

- 通过对比、推理等方式，找出正确答案。

- 注意排除干扰选项的技巧。

1.3 推理判断- 根据文章中的线索和信息，进行推理判断。

- 注意逻辑关系和上下文的提示。

2. 听力部分2.1 主旨理解- 注意听力材料的整体思路和主旨。

- 关注关键词和重要信息。

2.2 细节理解- 注意听力材料中的细节信息，如数字、日期、地点等。

- 注意听力材料中的转折、对比等关键词。

2.3 推理判断- 根据听力材料中的线索和信息，进行推理判断。

- 注意逻辑关系和上下文的提示。

3. 写作部分3.1 题目理解- 仔细阅读题目，确保理解题目要求。

- 注意关键词和限制词。

3.2 论点构建- 根据题目要求，构建清晰明确的论点。

- 使用合适的论据和例子来支持论点。

3.3 结构组织- 合理组织文章结构，包括引言、主体和结论部分。

- 注意段落之间的逻辑连接。

4. 口语部分4.1 题目理解- 仔细听题，确保理解题目要求。

- 注意关键词和限制词。

4.2 思路整理- 快速构思回答思路，明确主题和要点。

- 使用适当的词汇和语法结构。

4.3 表达流利- 注意语速和语调，保持流利的表达。

- 使用适当的连接词和过渡词。

总结：综上所述，剑桥雅思4test4题目解析主要包括阅读理解、听力、写作和口语四个部分。

在解题过程中，考生需要注意主题识别、细节理解和推理判断等技巧。

此外，合理构建论点和组织文章结构，在口语表达中保持流利和清晰也是关键。

通过对这些方面的理解和实践，考生可以提高解题能力，更好地应对雅思考试。

雅思考试阅读全面解析及答案(4)

雅思考试阅读全面解析及答案(4)
雅思阅读解析及答案：竹子

讲竹子：讲了竹子其实也是濒危物种，但是没有得到大家应有的重视，大家忽视了竹子对生态的作用和生产价值。一开始说竹子是某些地方动物和人的重要食物来源，但竹子由于人口等问题而大大减少。然后说对于竹子的研究还处于基础阶段，然后是竹子对大自然的好处，竹子的商业价值，与其他脆弱的植物比较等等。
第一部分，说竹子是大猩猩等动物的重要食物来源，但由于人口增长等因素的影响，大大削减了竹子的生存空间。
第二部分，是某做的一个关于竹子的研究，并指出研究不够，还处于基础阶段；
第三部分，讲竹子的作用，主要其根部的生态作用。
第四部分，竹子的商业价值，比喻用竹子造纸等；
第五部分，有一些人认为竹子的生长对其他生物构成了威胁，一个专家不同意；
13.销量最大的竹子用品？paper
第六部分，展望未来！
题目类型
M+（NB段落匹配 1-7）
M （人名匹配 8-11）
ASQ （12-13）
参考答案
M:
不记得题目顺序了，只能大概回忆出其中几部分的段意
A人类活动给竹子造成威胁B？C竹子如何保持水土D竹子的商用价值E？F？
M：四个人，四道题
有一个人名没用过，有一个人名用过两次
SAQ：
12.竹子的根防止什么？Soil erosion

详细解答雅思阅读模拟试题

详细解答雅思阅读模拟试题一、题目1解答：题目：根据文章，下列哪项陈述是正确的？选项：A. 人类的智力在过去的几千年中没有发生变化。

B. 人类的智力在过去的几千年中有所下降。

C. 人类的智力在过去的几千年中有所提高。

D. 人类的智力在过去的几千年中有所波动。

解答：根据文章内容，我们可以得出正确答案为C，即人类的智力在过去的几千年中有所提高。

文章提到了人类智力的发展和进化，并且指出了人类智力在历史上的不断演化和提高。

二、题目2解答：题目：根据文章，下列哪项陈述是错误的？选项：A. 大脑的大小与智力水平成正比。

B. 教育对智力发展起到重要作用。

C. 智力的遗传因素主导了人类智力的发展。

D. 社会环境对智力发展有一定影响。

解答：根据文章内容，我们可以得出错误答案为A，即大脑的大小与智力水平成正比。

文章提到了大脑的大小与智力水平之间并没有直接的正比关系，而是有很多其他复杂的因素影响智力的发展。

三、题目3解答：题目：根据文章，下列哪项陈述是正确的？选项：A. 遗传因素是唯一影响智力的因素。

B. 教育对智力的发展没有任何作用。

C. 大脑的发育与智力水平无关。

D. 社会环境对智力的发展有重要影响。

解答：根据文章内容，我们可以得出正确答案为D，即社会环境对智力的发展有重要影响。

文章提到了智力发展受到遗传因素和社会环境的共同影响，社会环境对智力的发展起到了重要作用。

四、题目4解答：题目：根据文章，下列哪项陈述是错误的？选项：A. 人类的智力在过去的几百年中发生了显著变化。

B. 大脑的发育和智力的发展是相关的。

C. 教育对智力的发展起到了关键作用。

D. 遗传因素对智力的发展有一定影响。

解答：根据文章内容，我们可以得出错误答案为A，即人类的智力在过去的几百年中发生了显著变化。

文章提到了人类智力的发展和进化是一个长期的过程，并没有明确提及过去几百年中智力的变化。

五、题目5解答：题目：根据文章，下列哪项陈述是正确的？选项：A. 大脑大小是决定智力水平的唯一因素。

雅思考试模拟试题(含答案)

ITELS Test4CompletionComplete each sentence or statement.INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the sentences with one word for each blank.1. A ____________________ is a period of time which covers ten years, such as the 1930s or 1950s.2. Teachers give lessons to pupils in schools, but at colleges students are given lectures and tutorials by college____________________.3. ____________________ went all over North America to seek and gather examples of popular folk music;they were looking for the true music of the people.4. A ____________________ is a single part of a collection or set of reference books in which poems, folkmusic or stories are brought together.5. Written material such as stories, poems or songs which have been collected together but not printed in a bookor made widely available to the public are known as ____________________ collections.6. Another three-word hyphenated phrase for 'state-of-the art' is____________________-____________________-____________________.7. Someone who gives advice to an organisation for no payment, or a very small token sum, is called an____________________ consultant.8. The serious shortage of trained musicians caused a ____________________ in the supply of violin playersfor the city orchestra, and only two could be found.9. If someone doesn't want to make money out of their research or their interests and they give their services toan organisation for nothing, they can be said to have a no ____________________ ____________________for their activities.10. In the United Kingdom, the head of a prison is a governor, but in the USA, a ____________________ is thehighest figure of authority.11. When I had chosen the books I wanted to borrow from the library, I gave them to the____________________ to check them out to me.12. The rebels were described as ____________________ because their ideas and activities were secret and theyintended to damage or destroy the established system of government.13. To survive in the wild, animals like lions have purely ____________________ reactions, and it is inevitablethat they will attack and kill weaker animals.14. If people are treated badly by the government in power, they are likely to behave in a____________________ way, by disobeying laws, becoming angry and trying to illegally overthrow theestablished order.15. Sometimes books like the Harry Potter stories ____________________ equally to both children andgrown-ups, and they are therefore difficult to classify as either children's literature or adult fiction.16. The female equivalent of the word 'hero' is ____________________.17. One of the tasks an ____________________ is responsible for, is checking a writer's work for errors before itis sent to a publisher.18. Many children's books deal with the ____________________ for treasure, where the characters set out todiscover valuable items such as diamonds or money.19. The publishers printed too many books and they had to sell the ____________________ production atreduced prices.20. The ____________________ is the chief character in a play or story, around whom the action takes place.21. ____________________ is the branch of knowledge dealing with scientific and industrial methods and theirpractical use in industry.22. Our ____________________ are the people who lived in past times and passed on their ideas and culture toour modern civilisations.23. A ____________________, for example a donkey, is a living thing produced from the parents of differentbreeds.24. In electronic circuits, the various components such as resistors, transistors or capacitors are not drawn exactlyas they are, but are represented by ____________________.25. A ____________________ is a set of beliefs, which could be religious or scientific, which people areexpected to accept without challenging it.26. The results of the experiment were uncertain and it is now ____________________ whether we shall receivefurther funding from the university to continue our research.27. An ____________________ is produced by artists when they use knives or chisels to cut their designs into ametal or wooden surface which is later inked and printed onto paper.28. Many travelling families who previously lived their lives in mobile caravans, moving from place to place, arenow building ____________________ camp sites to find a more settled way of life.29. The ____________________ is the bone structure which surrounds and protects our brains.30. ____________________ is the term used for trees which are taken from forests to provide wood for use in theconstruction of buildings.Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.INSTRUCTIONS: Read the sentence and decide which answer: a, b, or c, best matches the meaning of theunderlined words. Write your answer: a, b, or c, in the space provided.____ 31. Someone who is thought of highly could be an academic who is well-known by the public and respected nationally.a. has a good reputeb. enjoys a good reputationc. has a reputation____ 32. To undertake market research, researchers often conduct nationwide surveys to gather as much balanced and in-depth information as possible.a. research in local area onlyb. research in more than one countryc. research throughout their own country only____ 33. The professor's library research reinforced his belief that there was a serious shortage of certain types of folk song material.a. field workb. academic study workc. telephone enquiries____ 34. Great children's books may be described as great pieces of written works of art.a. literateb. literaturec. literal____ 35. The changing of the behaviour of two characters in The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett represents a paradigm.a. a very clear or typical exampleb. an exceptionc. something rare and valuable____ 36. Adult fiction usually deals with three themes: sex, money and death. But the first, sex, is absent from classic children's literature.a. always includedb. never includedc. sometimes included____ 37. Our ancestors began to adorn their bodies with beads, pendants and tattoos in the Stone Age.a. decorateb. hidec. camouflage____ 38. Humans have inhabited the African continent for millennia.a. hundreds of yearsb. thousands of yearsc. millions of years____ 39. Genetics does not tell the whole story of the shaping of the modern human brain.a. the study of ancient objectsb. the study of historyc. the development of living things through substances passed on through their cells____ 40. The huge collection of artefacts on loan to the museum required them to have a mathematical system to keepa tally of what was owned by whom.a. to keep a count ofb. to describec. to labelMatchingMatch the beginnings of sentences with the appropriate endings.a. The professor wanted to embark onb. Funds are sometimes given to researchers byc. Some critics say that books for children should be taken seriously becaused. In the world of childhood, as shown by childrens books,e. 40,000 years ago people decorated their bodies with designs and artefacts____ 41. such as tattoos and beads.____ 42. a pastoral convention is maintained.____ 43. a nationwide collecting project to gather information.____ 44. this kind of writing is sometimes subversive.____ 45. academic institutions such as libraries or learned societies.Essay46. Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic.In some countries, mainly in the east, such as China and Japan, old people are still shown respect by youngpeople. Seats will still be given up on buses to older citizens or doors held open for them. Behaving this wayin public contributes to a stable and well-mannered, respectful society where old people are valued.However, in the west, such as in the United Kingdom and the USA, respect for the older generation isdeclining. It is, for example, unusual for grandparents to live in the same house as their children. Rather thanlook after elderly parents, many families choose to place them in old folks' homes, leaving their care to otherpeople. Old people are seen as a burden and a nuisance and have little value in a modern, materialistic society.Discuss both these views and give your opinion.You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples andrelevant evidence.Write at least 250 words.47. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show how sending text messages by mobile phone affects the daily lives of young people.The text message has led to a social revolution in the way we communicate simple messages as well asinfluencing our emotional contact with each other. In October this year, 2004, Britain's 52 million mobilephone users sent 2.3 billion text messages.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.Write at least 150 words.The rapid growth in text messaging.Results of Mori PollTotal number of people with mobile phones = 687Other48. Read the topic card below carefully. You will have to talk about the topic for 1 to 2 minutes. You have oneminute to think about what you are going to say. You can make notes to help you if you wish.Describe the most beautiful place you have visited.You should say:where it was - the country or locationwhat it was likewho you went with and explain what impressed you most and why you remember it so well.ITELS Test4Answer SectionCOMPLETION1. ANS: decadeREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion2. ANS: professorsREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion3. ANS: CollectorsREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion4. ANS: volumeREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion5. ANS: unpublishedREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion6. ANS: up-to-dateREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion7. ANS: honoraryREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion8. ANS: dearthREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion9. ANS: profit motiveREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion10. ANS: wardenREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion11. ANS: librarianREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion12. ANS: subversiveREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion13. ANS: instinctiveREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion14. ANS: rebelliousREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion15. ANS: appealREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion 16. ANS: heroineREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion 17. ANS: editorREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion 18. ANS:questsearchREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion 19. ANS: surplusREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion 20. ANS: protagonistREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion 21. ANS: TechnologyREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 22. ANS: ancestorsREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 23. ANS: hybridREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 24. ANS: symbolsREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 25. ANS: dogmaREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 26. ANS: doubtfulREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 27. ANS: engravingREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 28. ANS: permanentREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 29. ANS: skullREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 30. ANS: TimberREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completionMULTIPLE CHOICE31. ANS: B REF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice32. ANS: C REF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice33. ANS: B REF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice34. ANS: B REF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice35. ANS: A REF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice36. ANS: B REF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice37. ANS: A REF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice38. ANS: B REF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice39. ANS: C REF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice40. ANS: A REF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice MATCHING41. ANS: E REF: Test 1: Reading passages 1-3 TOP: Sentence matching42. ANS: D REF: Test 1: Reading passages 1-3 TOP: Sentence matching43. ANS: A REF: Test 1: Reading passages 1-3 TOP: Sentence matching44. ANS: C REF: Test 1: Reading passages 1-3 TOP: Sentence matching45. ANS: B REF: Test 1: Reading passages 1-3 TOP: Sentence matching ESSAY46. ANS:Various answersREF: Test 1: Writing Task 2 TOP: Essay47. ANS:Answers will varyREF: Test 1: Writing Task 1 TOP: GraphOTHER48. ANS:Various answersREF: Test 1: Speaking Part 2 TOP: Long turn topic card。

雅思4真题答案大全及解析

雅思4真题答案大全及解析雅思考试是全球范围内最受欢迎的英语水平测试之一。

无论是留学、移民还是就业，雅思成绩都是很多人必备的证明之一。

然而，由于考试的难度和复杂性，许多考生对于雅思的真题答案和解析都有很大的需求。

在这篇文章中，我们将为大家提供一份雅思4真题的答案大全及解析，希望能够帮助大家更好地备考雅思。

第一部分：听力（Listening）雅思听力部分是考试中的第一项内容，也是一项相对较难的任务。

在这一部分中，考生需要通过听录音来回答一系列的问题。

以下是一份雅思4听力部分的答案及解析。

Section 1:1. C Explanation: The speaker mentioned that the party would be held in the garden.2. B Explanation: The speaker stated that the swimming pool would be open on weekends only.3. A Explanation: The speaker mentioned the price of the membership.4. C Explanation: The speaker discussed the different activities available at the club.5. A Explanation: The speaker mentioned the importanceof booking in advance.Section 2:6. B Explanation: The speaker talked about the new art exhibition at the museum.7. A Explanation: The speaker mentioned the time and location of an upcoming lecture.8. C Explanation: The speaker stated that theexhibition would run for a month.9. A Explanation: The speaker discussed the discounts available for senior citizens.10. B Explanation: The speaker mentioned that guided tours are provided on Tuesdays.Section 3:11. B Explanation: The speaker mentioned the importance of the research topic.12. A Explanation: The speaker discussed thedifficulties they faced during the research.13. C Explanation: The speaker talked about the method they used for data collection.14. B Explanation: The speaker mentioned thesignificance of their findings.15. A Explanation: The speaker stated the implications of the research.Section 4:16. C Explanation: The speaker discussed the characteristics of different types of plants.17. B Explanation: The speaker mentioned the benefits of gardening for mental health.18. A Explanation: The speaker stated that gardening isa popular hobby in the country.19. C Explanation: The speaker discussed the importance of soil quality for plant growth.20. B Explanation: The speaker mentioned the upcoming gardening workshop.以上是雅思4听力部分的答案及解析。

剑桥雅思4阅读解析-Test4

READING PASSAGE 1文章结构体主裁题说明文如何提高运动员的成绩段落概括第一段第二段第三段第四段第五段第六段第七段第八段第九段人类的运动成绩一直在不断提高。

基因对提高成绩的影响。

合理训练方法的重要性。

肌肉增强训练的简要介绍。

营养的重要性。

针对性训练的作用。

生物力学对运动成绩的影响。

运动员自身的创造性。

我们对运动的理解还很浅显。

本节考查词汇第一段 steady hurl massive endurance explosive marathon [ [ [ [ [ [ ] 第二段 performance genetics invoke [ [ [ ] ] ] n. n. v. 表现基因学调用，使用 ] ] ] ] ] adj. v. adj. n. adj. n. 稳定的投掷巨大的耐力爆发性的马拉松adage appreciably complement[ [ ’ [] ] ] 第三段n. adv. v.谚语，格言略微，一点点补充，互补identify duplicate[ [] ] 第四段v. v.确认（身份），找出复制sprinter devoted to interval brief[]n. v. n. adj.短跑运动员致力于间歇短暂的，简洁的[ [ ]]第五段 nutrition deficiency injury [ [ [ ] 第六段 focused training apply [ [ ] 第七段 methodology digitize dimension take-off 第八段 [ [ [ ] ] ] n. v. n. n. 方法把…数字化维度起飞，起跑 ] n. v. 针对性训练应用 ] ] n. n. n. 营养营养不良受伤contradiction instantly dub flop unorthodox complex cushion pit foam[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ ] ] 第九段 ] ] ] ] ] ]]n. adv. v. n. adj. adj. n. n. n.矛盾，抵触立即命名跳跃不正统的复杂垫子坑泡沫humble vexing issue mundane fundamental[ [ [ [ [ ]]v. adj. n. adj. adj.使相形见拙令人惊讶的问题世俗的基本的，基础的] ] ]考题精解Questions 1-6 『题型』T/F/NG 『解析』 1. 定位词/关键字原文重现第一段首句 Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records,…. records/date from/ about 1900参考译文题解答案 2. 定位词/关键字原文重现题解答案 3. 定位词/关键字原文重现参考译文题解从国际运动联合会在二十世纪初开始记录运动成绩到现在…. 原文中，since 相当于题干中 date from，early twentieth century 相当于 about 1900， record 则在题干中原形重现。

雅思考试模拟试题及答案解析(4)

●Biotechnology→GM or GE→bio-prospecting (bio-piracy) i.e. large companies steal samples of native plants to use the 5 for their own crop improvement
●6 is responsible for less food and higher prices
Term Deposit
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6NoneOne interest rate, calculated
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INVESTMENT OPTIONS
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rates for bigger
balances3 tiers plus 5 .
Calculated daily and paid
monthlyUnlimited withdrawals

雅思(写作)历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析)

雅思（写作）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. WRITING TASK 1WRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.1．The charts below give information on the ages of the populations of Yemen and Italy in 2000 and projections for 2050. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.正确答案：The pie charts describe the changes of percentages of different age groups’ population in Yemen and Italy. In Yemen, the population of 15-59 age group is expected to reach 57.3% in 2050, outpacing children and becoming the majority of the total population. Accordingly, the percentage of children population is predicted to fall to 37% from more than half in 2000. In addition, the population of senior people was and is projected to be the minority of the country with 3.6% in 2000 and estimated 5.7% in 2050. In Italy, the significant change would happen on the percentage of senior people, which is predicted to reach 42.3%. Compared with the proportion of 2000 (24.1%), it is nearly doubled. Correspondingly, the percentages of children and 15-59 year olds would decrease from 14.3% to 11.5% and 61.6% to 46.2% respectively to make room for the increase of proportion of senior people. To sum up, it can be concluded that Yemen is expected to be a young and middle-aged people dominated country, while Italy is on the way to be an aging society. 涉及知识点：小作文（看图作文）2．The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparison where relevant.正确答案：The line graph describes how US energy consumption by six different fuels changed since 1980 and projections to 2030. It is clear to see that the energy derived from petrol and oil was and is projected to be the major consumption source in the US. The developing trend of such energy consumption is, generally speaking, increasing and predicted to reach a little under 50 quadrillion in 2030 from 35 quadrillion in 1980, though there were some fluctuations in the first 15 years. The energy consumption produced by coal and natural gas nearly follows the same developing trend in this 50-year period. From 1980 till the present day, the energy consumptions based on these two fuels both fluctuated with a rising trend and reached 25 quadrillion in 2015. From this point onwards, the energy produced by coal is predicted to continue growing and hit over 30 quadrillion in 2030, while that of natural gas should remain stable at 25 quadrillion. The energy generated by nuclear, solar/wind and hydropower plays a much less significant role in Americanpeople’s life. They all started at 4 quadrillion in the beginning and small fluctuations are the main feature for all of them throughout the time period. Till 2030, the energy consumptions from nuclear and solar/wind power are expected to reach 6 and 5 quadrillion respectively, whilst that of hydropower should be stabilised at 4. Overall, the energy consumption in the US is projected to increase for most of these six fuels with petrol and oil always performing the most significant part. 涉及知识点：小作文（看图作文）3．The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.正确答案：There are two figures: the line graph illustrates how the water consumption in three different sectors developed in the 20th century, while the table compares the difference of water use of 2000 in two countries. From the line graph it is clear that the water used in agriculture, industry and household all increased throughout the 20th century. Starting from about 500 km3 in 1900, the agricultural water use went up slowly to above 1000 km3 around 1950; then a steep rise was witnessed hitting 3000 km3 in 2000. For industrial and domestic water use, they both increased minutely till 1950; afterwards, one climbed mildly and the other rose marginally reaching about 300 km3 and 1000 km3 respectively. Water use climbed in different sectors; however, it was consumed off-balanced in different counties. In 2000, the water consumption per person in Brazil with 26,500 km2 irrigated land was as high as 359 m3, compared with only 8m3 in D. R. C, which has just 100 km2 irrigated land. If the water consumption per person is multiplied by the population (176 million and 5.2 million individually), we can find out how great the difference can be. Overall, in the last century worldwide water use kept rising no matter in which domains, while Brazil consumed much more water than Congo in 2000. 涉及知识点：小作文（看图作文）4．The charts below show the number of Japanese tourists travelling abroad between 1985 and 1995 and Australia’s share of the Japanese tourist market. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.正确答案：The bar chart illustrates the number of Japanese tourists who took international travels and the graph indicates the percentage they accounted for in Australia’s market between 1985 and 1995. Generally speaking, from 1985 to 1995 the number of Japanese tourists increased sharply except a transient dip between 1990 and 1991. It is clear to see that the number in 1995 (over 15 million) was three times that of 1985’s (5 million). It is also worth mentioning that between 1992 and 1993 the rise was very minimal. Similarly, the proportions of Japanese people in Australia’s tourist market also showed an overall growing trend except two falls. The increase was even more evident in the first four years during which the percentage more than doubled from 2% to slightly less than 5%. After one year drop to slightlyover 4%, it resumed the climbing tendency, and finally hit the highest point of over 6% in 1993 before it dipped again in the following year. To conclude, both the numbers of Japanese tourists and the percentages in Australia’s market kept growing, though, with occasional fluctuations. 涉及知识点：小作文（看图作文）。

剑桥雅思5Test4听力Section 4答案+解析

剑桥雅思5Test4听力Section 4答案+解析谈话场景：面向大学新生的讲座。

人物身份：讲话者为新生培训督导员。

谈话话题：介绍图书馆资源使用方法。

交际与语言表达1. OK, are you all settled? 都坐好了吗?这句话一般是讲话或讲座的开场白，意思是“我马上准备开始讲了，请做好准备”。

2. Some of you have asked about a guided tour but we find this rather muddles people. 你们有人想让人带着在图书馆里走一遍，但是我们发现这反而会使你们摸不着头脑。

rather 用在动词前表示“或多或少;相当地”，如：I rather suspect we’re making a big mistake. 我有些怀疑我们可能犯了个大错。

3. You’ll also find that to get the most out of this library you really do need to be computer literate. 你也会发现，为了能最大限度地利用图书馆，你必须会使用电脑。

在这个句子里有一个作状语成分的不定式短语to get the most out of，这个短语的意思是“最大限度地从某事物/ 某人处得到或获得”;literate 本来是“有知识的;博学的”，如果前面加了一个作定语的名词修饰的话，就是指“具备某方面的知识”。

4. Clearly some of you will find the printed version more accessible as it sits on the shelves but I’m afraid the intention is to phase these out eventually. 很显然你们有人会觉得印刷版本更容易取得，因为它就在书架上，但是恐怕将来这些都会被逐渐取代。

剑桥雅思阅读6原文及答案解析（test4）

剑桥雅思阅读6原文及答案解析(test4)雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。

下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读4test1原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。

剑桥雅思阅读6原文(test4)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages.Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Not all doctors are persuadedii Choosing the best offersiii Who is responsible for the increase in promotions?Iv Fighting the drug companiesv An example of what doctors expect from drug companies vi Gifts include financial incentivesvii Research shows that promotion worksviii The high costs of researchix The positive side of drugs promotionx Who really pays for doctors’ free gifts?1 Paragraph A2 Paragraph B3 Paragraph C4 Paragraph D5 Paragraph E6 Paragraph F7 Paragraph GDoctoring salesPharmaceuticals is one of the most profitable industries inNorth America. But do the drugs industry’s sales andmarketing strategies go too far?A A few months ago Kim Schaefer, sales representative of a major global pharmaceutical company, walked into a medical center in New York to bring information and free samples of her company’s latest products. That day she was lucky — a doctor was available to see her. ‘The last rep offered me a trip to Florida. What do you have?’ the physic ian asked. He was only half joking.B What was on offer that day was a pair of tickets for a New York musical. But on any given day, what Schaefer can offer is typical for today’s drugs rep — a car trunk full of promotional gifts and gadgets, a budget that could buy lunches and dinners for a small country, hundreds of free drug samples and the freedom to give a physician $200 to prescribe her new product to the next six patients who fit the drug’s profile. And she also has a few $1,000 honoraria to offer in exchange for doctors’ attendance at her company’s next educational lecture.C Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical judgement. Salespeople like Schaefer walk the line between the common practice of buying a prospect’s time with a free mea l, and bribing doctors to prescribe their drugs. They work in an industry highly criticized for its sales and marketing practices, but find themselves in the middle of the age-old chicken-or-egg question —businesses won’t use strategies that don’t work, so are doctors to blame for the escalating extravagance ofpharmaceutical marketing? Or is it the industry’s responsibility to decide the boundaries?D The explosion in the sheer number of salespeople in the field — and the amount of funding used to promote their causes —forces close examination of the pressures, influences and relationships between drug reps and doctors. Salespeople provide much-needed information and education to physicians. In many cases the glossy brochures, article reprints and prescriptions they deliver are primary sources of drug education for healthcare givers. With the huge investment the industry has placed in face-to-face selling, salespeople have essentially become specialists in one drug or group of drugs — a tremendous advantage in getting the attention of busy doctors in need of quick information.E But the sales push rarely stops in the office. The flashy brochures and pamphlets left by the sales reps are often followed up with meals at expensive restaurants, meetings in warm and sunny places, and an inundation of promotional gadgets. Rarely do patients watch a doctor write with a pen that isn’t emblazoned with a drug’s name, or see a nurse use a tablet not bearing a pharmaceutical company’s logo. Millions of dollars are spent by pharmaceutical companies on promotional products like coffee mugs, shirts, umbrellas, and golf balls. Money well spent? It’s hard to tell. ‘ I’ve been the recipient of golf balls from one company and I use them, but it doesn’t make me prescribe their me dicine,’ says one doctor. ‘I tend to think I’m not influenced by what they give me.’F Free samples of new and expensive drugs might be the single most effective way of getting doctors and patients to become loyal to a product. Salespeople hand out hundreds ofdollars’ worth of samples each week —$7.2 billion worth of them in one year. Though few comprehensive studies have been conducted, one by the University of Washington investigated how drug sample availability affected what physicians prescribe.A total of 131 doctors self-reported their prescribing patterns —the conclusion was that the availability of samples led them to dispense and prescribe drugs that differed from their preferred drug choice.G The bottom line is that pharmaceutical companies as a whole invest more in marketing than they do in research and development. And patients are the ones who pay — in the form of sky-rocketing prescription prices —for every pen that’s handed out, every free theatre ticket, and every steak dinner eaten. In the end the fact remains that pharmaceutical companies have every right to make a profit and will continue to find new ways to increase sales. But as the medical world continues to grapple with what’s acceptable and what’s not, it is dear that companies must continue to be heavily scrutinized for their sales and marketing strategies.Questions 8-13Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agree with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this8 Sales representatives like Kim Schaefer work to a very limited budget.9 Kim Schaefer’s marketing technique may be open tocriticism on moral grounds.10 The information provided by drug companies is of little use to doctors.11 Evidence of drug promotion is clearly visible in the healthcare environment.12 The drug companies may give free drug sample to patients without doctors’ prescriptions.13 It is legitimate for drug companies to make money.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Do literate women make better mothers?Children in developing countries are healthier and more likely to survive past the age of five when their mothers can read and write. Experts in public health accepted this idea decades ago, but until now no one has been able to show that a woman’s ability to read in itself improves her children’s chances of survival.Most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family’s wealth or that it values its child ren more highly. Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children’s health and survival.In 1979, the government of Nicaragua established a number of social programmes, including a National Literacy Crusade. By 1985, about 300,000 illiterate adults from all over the country, many of whom had never attended primary school, had learnt how to read, write and use numbers.During this period, researchers from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the Central American Institute of Health in Nicaragua, the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua and the Costa Rican Institute of Health interviewed nearly 3,000 women, some of whom had learnt to read as children, some during the literacy crusade and some who had never learnt at all. The women were asked how many children they had given birth to and how many of them had died in infancy. The research teams also examined the surviving children to find out how well-nourished they were.The investigators’ findings were striking. In the late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births. At this point in their lives, those mothers who later went on to learn to read had a similar level of child mortality (105/1000). For women educated in primary school, however, the infant mortality rate was significantly lower, at 80 per thousand.In 1985, after the National Literacy Crusade had ended, the infant mortality figures for those who remained illiterate and for those educated in primary school remained more or less unchanged. For those women who learnt to read through the campaign, the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand, an impressive 21 points lower than for those women who were still illiterate. The children of the newly-literate mothers were also better nourished than those of women who could not read.Why are the children of literate mothers better off? According to Peter Sandiford of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, no one knows for certain. Child health was not on the curriculum during the women’s lessons, so he and his colleagues are looking at other factors. They are working with thesame group of 3,000 women, to try to find out whether reading mothers make better use of hospitals and clinics, opt for smaller families, exert more control at home, learn modern childcare techniques more quickly, or whether they merely have more respect for themselves and their children.The Nicaraguan study may have important implications for governments and aid agencies that need to know where to direct their resources. Sandiford says that there is increasing evidence that female educatio n, at any age, is ‘an important health intervention in its own right’. The results of the study lend support to the World Bank’s recommendation that education budgets in developing countries should be increased, not just to help their economies, but also to improve child health.‘We’ve known for a long time that maternal education is important,’ says John Cleland of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. ‘But we thought that even if we started educating girls today, we’d have to wait a generati on for the pay-off. The Nicaraguan study suggests we may be able to bypass that.’Cleland warns that the Nicaraguan crusade was special in many ways, and similar campaigns elsewhere might not work as well. It is notoriously difficult to teach adults skills that do not have an immediate impact on their everyday lives, and many literacy campaigns in other countries have been much less successful. ‘The crusade was part of a larger effort to bring a better life to the people,’ says Cleland. Replicating these conditions in other countries will be a major challenge for development workers.Questions 14-18Complete the summary using the list of words, A-J, below.Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.The Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusade aimed to teach large numbers of illiterate 14............... to read and write. Public health experts have known for many years that there is a connection between child health and 15............... . However, it has not previously been known whether these two factors were directly linked or not. This question has been investigated by 16............... in Nicaragua. As a result, factors such as 17............... and attitudes to children have been eliminated, and it has been shown that 18............... can in itself improve infant health and survival.A child literacyB men and womenC an international research teamD medical careE mortalityF maternal literacyG adults and children H paternal literacy I a National Literacy CrusadeJ family wealthQuestions 19-24Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 19-24 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agree with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what writer thinks about this19 About a thousand of the women interviewed by the researchers had learnt to read when they were children.20 Before the National Literacy Crusade, illiterate women hadapproximately the same levels of infant mortality as those who had learnt to read in primary school.21 Before and after the National Literacy Crusade, the child mortality rate for the illiterate women stayed at about 110 deaths for each thousand live births.22 The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade showed the greatest change in infant mortality levels.23 The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade had the lowest rates of child mortality.24 After the National Literacy Crusade, the children of the women who remained illiterate were found to be severely malnourished.Question 25 and 26Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.Which TWO important implications drawn from the Nicaraguan study are mentioned by the writer of the passage?A It is better to educate mature women than young girls.B Similar campaigns in other countries would be equally successful.C The effects of maternal literacy programmes can be seen very quickly.D Improving child health can quickly affect a country’s economy.E Money spent on female education will improve child health.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 27-30Reading Passage 3 has six sections, A-F.Choose the correct heading for sections A-D from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi The role of video violenceii The failure of government policyiii Reasons for the increased rate of bullyingiv Research into how common bullying is in British schools v The reaction from schools to enquiries about bullyingvi The effect of bullying on the children involvedvii Developments that have led to a new approach by schools27 Sections A28 Sections B29 Sections D30 Sections DPersistent bullying is one of the worst experiences a child can face. How can it be prevented?Peter Smith, Professor of Psychology at the University of Sheffield, directed the SheffieldAnti-Bullying Intervention Project, funded by the Department for Education.Here he reports on his findings.A Bullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbal —being taunted or called hurtful names ?—to the physical —being kicked or shoved — as well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter ofpupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly recalcitrant.B Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare. Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.C Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. ‘There is no bullying at this school’ has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying: ‘There is not much bullying here, but when it occur s we have a clear policy for dealing with it.’D Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain. For example, the Scottish Council for Research in Education produced a package of materials, Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland in summer 1992, with a second pack, Supporting Schools Against Bullying, produced the following year. In Ireland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Post-Primary Schools was published in 1993. Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something. This comes from carefully conducted ‘before and after’ evaluationsof interventions in schools, monitored by a research team. In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period, bullying was halved. The Sheffield investigation, which involved sixteen primary schools and seven secondary schools, found that most schools succeeded in reducing bullying.E Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what is meant by bullying, and giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs, what records will be kept, who will be informed, what sanctions will be employed. The policy should be developed through consultation, over a period of time —not just imposed from the head tea cher’s office! Pupils, parents and staff should feel they have been involved in the policy, which needs to be disseminated and implemented effectively.Other actions can be taken to back up the policy. There are ways of dealing with the topic through the curriculum, using video, drama and literature. These are useful for raising awareness, and can best be tied in to early phases of development, while the school is starting to discuss the issue of bullying. They are also useful in renewing the policy for new pupils, or revising it in the light of experience. But curriculum work alone may only have short-term effects; it should be an addition to policy work, not a substitute.There are also ways of working with individual pupils, or in small groups. Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile, and certain approaches to group bullying such as ‘no blame’, can be useful in changing the behaviour of bullying pupils without confronting them directly,although other sanctions may be needed for those who continue with persistent bullying.Work in the playground is important, too. One helpful step is to train lunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting, and help them break up conflicts. Another possibility is to improve the playground environment, so that pupils are less likely to be led into bullying from boredom or frustration.F With these developments, schools can expect that at least the most serious kinds of bullying can largely be prevented. The more effort put in and the wider the whole school involvement, the more substantial the results are likely to be. The reduction in bullying — and the consequent improvement in pupil happiness — is surely a worthwhile objective.Questions 31-34Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 31-34 on your answer sheet.31 A recent survey found that in British secondary schoolsA there was more bullying than had previously been the case.B there was less bullying than in primary schoolsC cases of persistent bullying were very common.D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.32 Children who are bulliedA are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.B find it more difficult to relate to adults.C are less likely to be violent in later life.D may have difficulty forming relationships in late life.33 The writer thinks that the declaration ‘There is no bullying at this school’A is no longer true in many schools.B was not in fact made by many schools.C reflected the school’s lack of concern.D reflected a lack of knowledge and resources.34 What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?A Bullying declined by 50% after an anti-bullying campaign.B Twenty-one schools reduced bullying as a result of an anti-bullying campaign.C Two years is the optimum length for an anti-bullying campaign.D Bullying is a less serious problem in Norway than in the UK.Questions 35-39Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet.What steps should schools take to reduce bullying?The most important step is for the school authorities to produce a 35............... which makes the school’s attitude towards bullying quite clear. It should include detailed 36...............as to how the school and its staff will react if bullying occurs.In addition, action can be taken trough the 37.............. . This is particularly useful in the early part of the process, as a way of raising awareness and encouraging discussion. On its own, however, it is insufficient to bring about a permanent solution.Effective work can also be done with individual pupils and small groups. For example, potential 38............... of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident. Or again, in dealing with group bullying, a ‘no blame’ approach, which avoids confronting the offender too directly, is often effective.Playground supervision will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognize the difference between bullying and mere 39...............Questions 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading passage 3?A Bullying: what parents can doB Bullying: are the media to blame?C Bullying: the link with academic failureD Bullying: from crisis management to prevention剑桥雅思阅读6原文参考译文(test4)PASSAGE 1 参考译文：Doctoring salesPharmaceuticals is one of the most profitable industries in North America. But do the drugs industry’s sales and marketing strategies go too far?医药营销制药业是北美地区利润最大的行业之一。

剑桥雅思阅读4原文翻译及答案解析（test4）

剑桥雅思阅读4原文翻译及答案解析(test4)推荐文章剑桥雅思阅读6原文及答案解析(test4) 热度：剑桥雅思阅读4原文翻译及答案解析(test3) 热度：剑桥雅思阅读翻译及答案解析11(test4) 热度：剑桥雅思阅读11(test1)答案精讲热度：剑桥雅思阅读10原文翻译答案精讲(test3) 热度：雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。

下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读4test4原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。

剑桥雅思阅读4原文解析(test4)Question 1答案：TRUE关键词：record,1900定位原文：第1段第1句“Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space.”解题思路：“自从20世纪早期国际田联开始记录成绩以来……”，题干说现代官方运动员记录始于大约1900年。

因此答案为TRUE。

Question 2答案：NOT GIVEN关键词：before the twen?tieth century定位原文：第1段第1句“Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space.”解题思路：很明显体感说的与原文说的相反，故答案为FALSE。

剑桥雅思阅读9原文答案解析（test4）

剑桥雅思阅读9原文答案解析(test4)剑桥雅思阅读部分的题目可以进行一些分类总结，因为考试的常见内容一般都会在下次考试中出现的。

下面就是今天小编给大家带来的剑桥雅思阅读9(test4)的内容，希望能够帮助同学们备考雅思考试。

剑桥雅思阅读9原文(test4)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1—13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.The life and work of Marie CurieMarie Curie is probably the most famous woman scientist who has ever lived. Born Maria Sklodowska in Poland in 1867, she is famous for her work on radioactivity, and was twice a winner of the Nobel Prize. With her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, she was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics, and was then sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.From childhood, Marie was remarkable for her prodigious memory, and at the age of 16 won a gold medal on completion of her secondary education. Because her father lost his savings through bad investment, she then had to take work as a teacher. Form her e arnings she was able to finance her sister Bronia’s medical studies in Paris, on the understanding that Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education.In 1891 this promise was fulfilled and Marie went to Paris and began to study at the Sorbonne (the University of Paris). She often worked far into the night and lived on little more than bread and butter and tea. She came first in the examination in the physical sciences in 1893, and in 1894 was placed second in the examination in mathematical sciences. It was not until thespring of that year that she was introduced to Pierre Curie.Their marriage in 1895 marked the start of a partnership that was soon to achieve results of world significance. Following Henri Becquerel’s discovery in 1896 of a new phenomenon, which Marie later called ‘‘radioactivity’, Marie Curie decided to find out if the radioactivity discovered in uranium was to be found in other elements. She discovered that this was true for thorium.Turning her attention to minerals, she found her interest drawn to pitchblende, a mineral whose radioactivity, superior to that of pure uranium, could be explained only by the presence in the ore of small quantities of an unknown substance of very high activity. Pierre Curie joined her in the work that she had undertaken to resolve this problem, and that led to the discovery of the new elements, polonium and radium. While Pierre Curie devoted himself chiefly to the physical study of the new radiations, Marie Curie struggled to obtain pure radium in the metallic state. This was achieved with the help of the chemist Andre-Louis Debierne, one of Pierre Curie’s pupils. Based on the results of this research, Marie Curie received her Doctorate of Science, and in 1903 Marie and Pierre shared with Becquerel the Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery of radioactivity.The births of Marie’s two daughters, lrène and Eve, in 1897 and 1904 failed to interrupt her scientific work. She was appointed lecturer in physics at the Ecole Normale Supérieure for girls in Sèvres, France (1900), and introduced a method of teaching based on experimental demonstrations. In December 1904 she was appointed chief assistant in the laboratory directed by Pierre Curie.The sudden death of her husband in 1906 was a bitter blow to Marie Curie, but was also a turning point in her career:henceforth she was to devote all her energy to completing alone the scientific work that they had undertaken. On May 13, 1906, she was appointed to the professorship that had been left vacant on her hu sband’s death, becoming the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne. In 1911 she was awarded the Noble Prize for Chemistry for the isolation of a pure form of radium.During World War I, Marie Curie, with the help of her daughter Irène, devoted herself to the development of the use of X-radiography, including the mobile units which came to be known as ‘Little Curies’, used for the treatment of wounded soldiers. In 1918 the Radium Institute, whose staff Irène had joined, began to operate in earnest, and became a centre for nuclear physics and chemistry. Marie Curie, now at the highest point of her fame and, from 1922, a member of the Academy of Medicine, researched the chemistry of radioactive substances and their medical applications.In 1921, accompanied by her two daughters, Marie Curie made a triumphant journey to the United States to raise funds for research on radium. Women there presented her with a gram of radium for her campaign. Marie also gave lectures in Belgium, Brazil, Spain and Czechoslovakia and, in addition, had the satisfaction of seeing the development of the Curie Foundation in Paris, and the inauguration in 1932 in Warsaw of the Radium Institute, where her sister Bronia became director.One of Marie Curie’s outstanding achievements was to have understood the need to accumulate intense radioactive sources, not only to treat illness but also to maintain an abundant supply for research. The existence in Paris at the Radium Institute of a stock of 1.5 grams of radium made a decisive contribution to the success of the experiments undertaken in the years around1930. This work prepared the way for the discovery of the neutron by Sir James Chadwick and, above all, for the discovery in 1934 by lrène and Frédéric Joliot Curie of artificial radioactivity.A few months after this discovery, Marie Curie died as a result of leukaemia caused by exposure to radiation. She had often carried test tubes containing radioactive isotopes in her pocket, remarking on the pretty blue-green light they gave off.Her contribution to physics had been immense, not only in her own work, the importance of which had been demonstrated by her two Nobel Prizes, but because of her influence on subsequent generations of nuclear physicists and chemists.Questions 1—6Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1—6 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 Marie Curie’s husband was a joint winner of both Marie’s Nobel Prizes.2 Marie became interested in science when she was a child.3 Marie was able to attend the Sorbonne because of her sister’s financial contribution.4 Marie stopped doing research for several years when her children were born.5 Marie took over the teaching position her husband had held.6 Marie’s sister Bronia studied the medical uses of radioactivity.Questions 7—13Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 7—13 on your answer sheet.Marie Curie’s research on radioactivityWhen uranium was discovered to be radioactive, Marie Curie found that the element called 7______ had the same property.Marie and Pierre Curi e’s research into the radioactivity of the mineral known as 8_______ led to the discovery of two elements.In 1911, Marie Curie received recognition for her work on the element 9_______Marie and lrène Curie developed X-radiography which was used as a medical technique for 10 ______Marie Curie saw the importance of collecting radioactive material both for research and for cases of 11 ______.The radioactive material stocked in Paris contributed to the discoveries in the 1930s of the 12 ______ and of what was know as artificial radioactivity.During her research, Marie Curie was exposed to radiation and as a result she suffered from 13 ______.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14—26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Y oung children’s sense of identityA. A sense of self develops in young children by degrees. The process can usefully be thought of in terms of the gradual emergence of two somewhat separate features: the self as a subject, and the self as an object. William James introduced the distinction in 1892, and contemporaries of his, such as Charles Cooley, added to the developing debate. Ever since thenpsychologists have continued building on the theory.B. According to James, a child’s first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists. This is an aspect of the self that he labeled ‘self-as-subject’, and he gave it various elements. These included an awareness of one’s own agency (i.e. one’s power to act), and an awa reness of one’s distinctiveness from other people. These features gradually emerge as infants explore their world and interact with caregivers. Cooley (1902) suggested that a sense of the self-as-subject was primarily concerned with being able to exercise power. He proposed that the earliest examples of this are an infant’s attempts to control physical objects, such as toys or his or her own limbs. This is followed by attempts to affect the behaviour of other people. For example, infants learn that when they cry or smile someone responds to them.C. Another powerful source of information for infants about the effects they can have on the world around them is provided when others mimic them. Many parents spend a lot of time, particularly in the early months, copying their infant’s vocalizations and expressions. In addition, young children enjoy looking in mirrors, where the movements they can see are dependent upon their own movements. This is not to say that infants recognize the reflection as their own image (a later development). However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest that infants’ developing understanding that the movements they see in the mirror are contingent on their own, leads to a growing awareness that they are distinct from other people. This is because they, and only they, can change the reflection in the mirror.D. This understanding that children gain of themselves asactive agent continues to develop in their attempts to co-operate with others in play. Dunn (1988) points out that it is in such day-to –day relationships and interactions that the child’s understanding of his-or herself emerges. Empirical investigations of the self-as-subject in young children are, however, rather scarce because of difficulties of communication: even if young infants can reflect on their experience, they certainly cannot express this aspect of the self directly.E. Once children have acquired a certain level of self-awareness, they begin to place themselves in whole series of categories, which together play such an important part in defining them uniquely as ‘themselves’. This second step in the development of a full sense of self is what James called the ‘self-as-object’. This has been seen by many to be the aspect of the self which is most influenced by social elements, since it is made up of social roles (such as student, brother, colleague) and characteristics which derive their meaning from comparison or interaction with other people (such as trustworthiness, shyness, sporting ability).F. Cooley and other researchers suggested a close connection between a person’s own understanding of their identity and other people’s understanding of it. Cooley believed that people build up their sense of identity form the reactions of others to them, and form the view they believe others have of them. He called the self-as-object the ‘looking-glass self’, since people come to see themselves as they are reflected in others. Mead (1934) went even further and saw the self and the social world as inextricably bound together: ‘Th e self is essentially a social structure, and it arises in social experience… it is impossible to conceive of a self arising outside of socialexperience.’G. Lewis and Brooks-Gunn argued that an important developmental milestone is reached when children become able to recognize themselves visually without the support of seeing contingent movement. This recognition occurs around their second birthday. In one experiment, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) dabbed some red powder on the noses of children who were playing in front of a mirror, and then observed how often they touched their noses. The psychologists reasoned that if the children knew what they usually looked like, they would be surprised by the unusual red mark and would start touching it. On the other hand, they found that children of 15 to 18 months are generally not able to recognize themselves unless other cues such as movement are present.H. Finally, perhaps the most graphic expressions of self-awareness in general can be seen in the displays of rage which are most common from 18 months to 3 years of age. In a longitudinal study of groups of three or four children, Bronson (1975) found that the intensity of the frustration and anger in their disagreements increased sharply between the ages of 1 and 2 years. Often, the children’s disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disputing ownership rather than wanting to play with it. Although it may be less marked in other societies, the link between the sense of ‘self’ and of ‘ownership’ is a notable feature of childhood in Western societies.Questions 14—19Reading Passage 2 has eight paragraphs, A—H.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A—H, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.14 an account of the method used by researchers in a particular study15 the role of imitation in developing a sense of identity16 the age at which children can usually identify a static image of themselves17 a reason for the limitations of scientific research into ‘self-as-subject’18 reference to a possible link between culture and a particular form of behaviour19 examples of the wide range of features that contribute to the sense of ‘self-as-object’Questions 20—23Look at the following findings (Questions 20—23) and the list of researchers below.Match each finding with the correct researcher or researchers, A—E.Write the correct letter, A—E, in boxes 20—23 on your answer sheet.20 A sense of identity can never be formed without relationships with other people.21 A child’s awareness of self is related to a sense of mastery over things and people.22 At a certain age, children’s sense of identity leads t o aggressive behaviour.23 Observing their own reflection contributes to children’s self awareness.List of ResearchersA JamesB CooleyC Lewis and Brooks-GunnD MeadE BronsonQuestions 24—26Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 24—26 on your answers sheet.How children acquire a sense of identityFirst, children come to realize that they can have an effect on the world around them,for example by handling objects, or causing the image to move when they face a 24 ______. This aspect of self-awareness is difficult to research directly, because of 25______ problems.Secondly, children start to become aware of how they are viewed by others. One important stage in this process is the visual recognition of themselves which usually occurs when they reach the age of two. In Western societies at least, the development of self awareness is often linked to a sense of 26 ______, and can lead to disputes.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 27-30Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A—F.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B—E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i—vii, in boxes 27—30 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Commercial pressures on people in chargeii Mixed views on current changes to museumsiii Interpreting the facts to meet visitor expectationsiv The international dimensionv Collections of factual evidencevi Fewer differences between public attractionsvii Current reviews and suggestionsExample AnswerParagraph A v27 Paragraph B28 Paragraph C29 Paragraph D30 Paragraph EThe Development of MuseumsA. The conviction that historical relics provide infallible testimony about the past is rooted in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when science was regarded as objective and value free. As one writer observes: ‘Although it is now evident that artefacts are as easily altered as chronicles, public faith in their veracity endures: a tangible relic seems ipso facto real’. Such conviction was, until recently, reflected in museum displays. Museums used to look — and some still do — much like storage rooms of objects packed together in showcases: good for scholars who wanted to study the subtle differences in design, but not for the ordinary visitor, to whom it all looked alike. Similarly, the information accompanying the objects often made little sense to the lay visitor. The content and format of explanations dated back to a time when the museum was the exclusive domain of the scientific researcher.B. Recently, however, attitudes towards history and the way it should be presented have altered. The key word in heritage display is now ‘experience’, the more exciting the better and, if possible, involving all the senses. Good examples of this approach in the UK are the Jorvik Centre in York; the National Museum of Photography, Film and Television in Bradford; and the Imperial War Museum in London. In the US the trend emerged much earlier: Williamsburg has been a prototype for many heritage developments in other parts of the world. No one can predict where the process will end. On so-called heritage sites the re-enactment of historical events is increasingly popular, and computers will soon provide virtual reality experiences, which will present visitors with a vivid image of the period of their choice, in which they themselves can act as if part of the historical environment. Such developments have been criticized as an intolerable vulgarization, but the success of many historical theme parks and similar locations suggests that the majority of the public does not share this opinion.C. In a related development, the sharp distinction between museum and heritage sites on the one hand, and theme parks on the other, is gradually evaporating. They already borrow ideas and concepts from one another. For example, museums have adopted story lines for exhibitions, sites have accepted ‘theming’ as a r elevant tool, and theme parks are moving towards more authenticity and research-based presentations. In zoos, animals are no longer kept in cages, but in great spaces, either in the open air or in enormous greenhouses, such as the jungle and desert environ ments in Burgers’ Zoo in Holland. This particular trend is regarded as one of the major developments in the presentation of natural history in the twentieth century.D. Theme parks are undergoing other changes, too, as they try to present more serious social and cultural issues, and move away from fantasy. This development is a response to market forces and, although museums and heritage sites have a special, rather distinct, role to fulfil, they are also operating in a very competitive environment, where visitors make choices on how and where to spend their free time. Heritage and museum experts do not have to invent stories and recreate historical environments to attract their visitors: their assets are already in place. However, exhibits must be both based on artefacts and facts as we know them, and attractively presented. Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus in difficult position, as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of ‘evidence’ and ‘attractiveness’, especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry for income-generating activities.E. It could be claimed that in order to make everything in heritage more ‘real’, historical accuracy must be increasingly altered. For example, Pithecanthropus erectus is depicted in an Indonesian museum with Malay facial features, because this corresponds to public perceptions. Similarly, in the Museum of Natural History in Washington, Neanderthal man is shown making a dominant gesture to his wife. Such presentations tell us more about contemporary perceptions of the world than about our ancestors. There is one compensation, however, for the professionals who make these interpretations: if they did not provide the interpretation, visitors would do it for themselves, based on their own ideas, misconceptions and prejudices. And no matter how exciting the result, it would contain a lot more bias than the presentations provided by experts.F. Human bias is inevitable, but another source of bias in the representation of history has to do with the transitory nature of the materials themselves. The simple fact is that not everything from history survives the historical process. Castles, palaces and cathedrals have a longer lifespan than the dwellings of ordinary people. The same applies to the furnishing and other contents of the premises. In a town like Leyden in Holland, which in the seventeenth century was occupied by approximately the same number of inhabitants as today, people lived within the walled town, an area more than five times smaller than modern Leyden. In most of the houses several families lived together in circumstances beyond our imagination. Yet in museums, fine period rooms give only an image of the lifestyle of the upper class of that era. No wonder that people who stroll around exhibitions are filled with nostalgia; the evidence in museums indicates that life was so much better in past. This notion is induced by the bias in its representation in museums and heritage centres.Questions 31—36Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 31-36 on your answer sheet.31 Compared with today’s museums, those of the past.A did not present history in a detailed way.B were not primarily intended for the public.C were more clearly organised.D preserved items with greater care.32 According to the writer, current trends in the heritage industryA emphasise personal involvement.B have their origins in York and London.C rely on computer images.D reflect minority tastes.33 The writer says that museums, heritage sites and theme parksA often work in close partnership.B try to preserve separate identities.C have similar exhibits.D are less easy to distinguish than before.34 The writer says that in preparing exhibits for museums, expertsA should pursue a single objective.B have to do a certain amount of language translation.C should be free from commercial constraints.D have to balance conflicting priorities.35 In paragraph E, the writer suggests that some museum exhibitsA fail to match visitor expectations.B are based on the false assumptions of professionals.C reveal more about present beliefs than about the past.D allow visitors to make more use of their imagination.36 The passage ends by noting that our view of history is biased becauseA we fail to use our imagination.B only very durable objects remain from the past.C we tend to ignore things that displease us.D museum exhibits focus too much on the local area.Questions 37—40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 37—40 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this37 Consumers prefer theme parks which avoid serious issues.38 More people visit museums than theme parks.39 The boundaries of Leyden have changed little since the seventeenth century.40 Museums can give a false impression of how life used to be.剑桥雅思阅读10原文参考译文(test4)Passage 1参考译文：加利福尼亚州的特大火灾干旱，房屋的大量扩建，易燃物的过度供给导致美国西部发生更大更热的火灾。

2019-雅思阅读模拟试题(四)(附答案)-范文word版 (1页)

2019-雅思阅读模拟试题（四）(附答案)-范文word版本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读模拟试题（四）(附答案)A . Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to extract maximum benefit from any situation . Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision - making is rational . But that contradicts growing evidence that decision - making draws on the emotionseven when reason is clearly involved .B . The role of emotions in decisions makes perfect sense . For situations met frequently in the past ， such as obtaining food and mates ， and confronting or fleeing from threats ， the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome . Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes ，evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases . But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity ?C . One of the people who thinks that it does not is George Loewenstein ， an economist at Carnegie Mellon University ， in Pittsburgh . In particular ， he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision - making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt . To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists ， Brian Knutson of Stanford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ， to look at what happens in the brain when it is deciding what to buy .。

2023年雅思考试模拟卷(4)

2023年雅思考试模拟卷（4）本卷共分为1大题29小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。

一、单项选择题（共29题，每题2分。

每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I____ an hour before the discussion begins.A：goB：shall goC：will goD：would go2.—Why didn’t you buy a new car? —I would have bought one if I____ enough money.A：hadB：have hadC：would haveD：had had3.If she could sew,____A：she make a dressB：she would have made a shirtC：she will make a shirtD：she would had made a coat4.His doctor suggested that he____ a short trip abroad. A：will takeB：would takeC：takeD：took5.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,____ at the station.A：we’d meet themB：we’ll meet themC：we’d have met themD：we’ve met them6.We might have failed if you____ us a helping hand. A：have not givenB：would not giveC：had not givenD：did not give7.The law requires that everyone____ his car checked at least once a year.A：hasB：hadC：haveD：will have8.It is strange that he____ so.A：would sayB：would speakC：should sayD：will speak9.Had I known her name,____A：or does she know mine?B：and where does she live?C：she would be beautiful.D：I would have invited her to lunch10.____ today, he would get there by Friday.A：Would he leaveB：Was he leavingC：Were he to leaveD：If he leaves11.If you had told me in advance, I____ him at the airport.A：would meetB：would had metC：would have metD：would have meet12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he____ me how.A：teachesB：will teachC：has taughtD：would teach13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I____ so busy then.A：had beenB：wereC：wasD：would be14.He’s working hard for fear that he____A：should fall behindB：fell behindC：may fall behindD：would fallen behind15.If it____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.A：had rainedB：would have rainedC：have seenD：rained16.He suggested that they____ use a trick instead of fighting.A：shouldB：wouldC：doD：had17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he____ there.A：not wentB：won’t goC：not goD：not to go18.I would have gone to the meeting if I____ time. A：had hadB：have hadC：hadD：would have had19.Would you rather I____ buying a new bike?A：decided againstB：will decide againstC：have decidedD：shall decide against20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you____A：go to sleepB：went to sleepC：go to bedD：went to bed21.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I____ the book from which it was made.A：have readB：had readC：should have readD：are reading22.You are late. If you____ a few minutes earlier, you____ him.A：come; would meetB：had come; would have metC：come; will meetD：had come; would meet23.The two students talked as if they____ friends for years.A：should beB：would beC：have beenD：had been24.It is important that I____ with Mr. Williams immediately.A：speakB：spokeC：will speakD：to speak25.He looked as if he____ ill for a long time.A：wasB：wereC：has beenD：had been26.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not____A：have laid there for two hoursB：have been lied there for two hoursC：have lied there for two hoursD：have lain there for two hours27.I wish that I____ with you last night.A：wentB：could goC：have goneD：could have gone28.Let’s say you could go there again, how____ feel? A：will youB：should youC：would youD：do you29.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he____ everything.A：knewB：knowsC：has knownD：had known。

雅思参考答案04

雅思参考答案04雅思参考答案04雅思考试是全球范围内最受欢迎的英语能力测试之一。

对于许多考生来说，了解雅思考试的参考答案是提高他们的考试成绩的关键。

本文将为大家提供一些雅思考试常见题型的参考答案，希望能对大家的备考有所帮助。

听力部分：1. 完形填空题答案：B. 20th century解析：在听力材料中，提到了"the most significant invention of the 20th century"，因此答案为B. 20th century。

2. 听力选择题答案：C. The man is not interested in going to the concert.解析：在对话中，女士提到她想去听音乐会，而男士回答说他对音乐会不感兴趣，因此答案为C. The man is not interested in going to the concert。

阅读部分：3. 判断正误题答案：False解析：在文章中提到"According to recent studies, people who exercise regularly are less likely to develop chronic diseases."，而题目中说"Exercising regularly does not have any health benefits."，两者相反，因此答案为False。

4. 多选题答案：A. It helps to improve memory and concentration.C. It reduces stress and anxiety.解析：在文章中提到了"reading can improve memory and concentration"以及"reading can reduce stress and anxiety"，因此答案为A. It helps to improve memory and concentration.和C. It reduces stress and anxiety。

雅思听力(综合)模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)

雅思听力（综合）模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Listening ModuleListening Module (30 minutes & 10 minutes transfer time)听力原文：M: So, let’s look in detail at how you gathered your data. Let’s start with lesson observation.W: Well, it generally went quite smoothly. I chose my focus and designed my checklist. Then teachers allowed me into their classes without any problems, which surprised me. It was afterwards that the gruelling work started!M: Yeah, it’s very time consuming, isn’t it? Making sense of... analysing... your observation notes.W: Absolutely. Much more so than interview data, for example... that was relatively easy to process, though I wanted to make sure I used a high-quality recorder... to make transcription easier and I had to wait until one became available.M: Right. And did you interview some kids as well?W: In the end, yes, I talked to ten, and they were great. I’d imagined I’d be bored listening to them, but...M: So it was easy to concentrate?W: Sure. One of the teachers was a bit worried about the ethics, you know, whether it was right to interview young pupils, and it took a while for him to agree to let me talk to three of the kids in his class but he relented in the end.M: Good. What other methods did you use?W: I experimented with questionnaires, but I really regret that now. I decided to share the work with another student but we had such different agendas it ended up taking twice as long.M: That’s a shame... it might be worth you reflecting on ways you might improve on that for future projects.W: You’re right, yeah.M: OK.W: And the other thing I did was stills photography. I didn’t take as many pictures as I’d hoped to.M: Lack of time?W: It’s pretty easy just snapping away... but I wanted each snap to have a purpose, you know, that would contribute to my research aims and I found that difficult.M: Well, that’s understandable, but remember...What did the woman find difficult about the different research techniques she used?Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter A-G, next to questions 1-5.DifficultiesA obtaining permissionB deciding on a suitable focusC concentrating while gathering dataD working collaborativelyE processing data she had gatheredF finding a suitable time to conduct the researchG getting hold of suitable equipmentResearch techniques1．Observing lessons正确答案：E2．Interviewing teachers正确答案：G3．Interviewing pupils正确答案：A4．Using questionnaires正确答案：D5．Taking photographs正确答案：B听力原文：W: Can you tell us, minister, what your government plans to do if they are returned to office after the next election? Particularly in the areas of health, research and education.M: We certainly plan to raise the level of funding for public hospitals, including providing funds to create more hospital beds.W: So that means building more hospitals?M: Yes. That is definitely on our agenda.W: And would your health package include an increase to the subsidy on prescription drugs? Many essential medicines are terribly expensive and some people can’t afford them at all.M: We already have a very high level of subsidy for prescription medicines, and negotiations are currently taking place with the major drug companies to try to get them to improve efficiency and lower their prices. We see this as a more useful approach, which should result in less government money being spent on this.W: Oh. OK. Education is another very important area. Do you anticipate allocating more money to build schools, in particular primary schools, some of which are now very old?M: Yes, we do of course see education as important, but we feel that the current level of funding is appropriate and we hope that by closing some schools in areas where the population has dropped, that we’ll be able to find the money to subsidise schools that are in need.W: And what about R&D, research and development? Compared to many other countries, the amount of money provided for scientific research in this country is extremely low. So much so that many of our best scientists are forced to go overseas.M: This is an area of serious concern, and we are planning to allocate over 3 billion dollars in university research grants over the next five years. We accept that this is an area that has been under-funded.W: Finally, minister, let’s look at our road transport system. The current trend seems to be for the government to seek private funding for the construction of major roads... which the drivers then pay to use. Do you see this as fair?M: Basically, it makes sense. If a road or tunnel is built by a private company, then that company must be entitled to charge motorists to use it. This allows us to have a safe, modern road system at no additional cost to the state, which in turn means that we, as a government, don’t have to set any additional funds aside for public work of this nature.W: I think there are many drivers who would disagree with you there, minister, but we’ll have to leave it there for this evening. I’m afraid. Thank you for coming into the studio.M: Thank you.What does the politician say the government will do in the following areas?A increase expenditureB maintain the same level of expenditureC reduce expenditure 6．hospitalsA．B．C．正确答案：A7．prescription drugsA．B．C．正确答案：C8．schoolsA．B．C．正确答案：B9．research and developmentA．B．C．正确答案：A10．public worksA．B．C．正确答案：B听力原文：W: OK, Peter, we need to decide about our presentation next week.M: Er, yes, Katya. I was thinking maybe we could do something on the Internet. I’d say the Internet was really important in terms of globalisation.W: I think anyone on the planet can get hold of all that information, and all you need is a computer, a modem and a phone line. Peter. And apparently, I was reading, the Internet and mobile telephones allow developing countries to leapfrog steps in the development of their infrastructure.M: What does that mean?W: Well, for example, the Philippines has a poor landline telephone system, but with a mobile phone and computer, you don’t need to use it.M: I don’t even know anyone here who uses a computer with their mobile!W: But in my book, the Internet has moved too far from its non-commercial roots. When it was created it was meant to be a tool for people to communicate with each other. These days it’s dominated by big business which is only interested in selling you yet more stuff. I get so much junk mail, and all those pop-ups!M: Oh, that doesn’t bother me. I rather like to know what’s on offer.W: The Internet could also be seen as divisive.M: In what way?W: Well-off countries have much greater access to the Internet and communication services in general. What we are witnessing is an information revolution and less well-off countries are getting left behind.M: Up to a point. Yes, not everyone has, access to the Internet at home. But many places have shared communal access - some villages in Africa, for example. But on the whole, it’s such a great way of exchanging ideas.W: Ha! I think you’ll find it’s a one-way street. The vast majority of websites are in English and western values dominate.M: I know, I know. You think it’s a kind of cultural imperialism.W: I think that’s a fair assessment, don’t you?M: I think you’ve exaggerating the situation there, Katya. For me, and millions of other people, it’s just an easy way of keeping in touch with family and friends, even when you are thousands of miles away.W: Ah, that reminds me. It’s my mum’s birthday today. I forgot to send her a card!M: Why not send her an electronic card?W: Great idea! Where would we be without the Internet?Who thinks the following?A KatyaB PeterC both Katya and Peter11．The Internet has aided globalisation.A．B．C．正确答案：C12．The Internet has helped people in some developing countries.A．B．C．正确答案：A13．The Internet is not too commercial.A．B．C．正确答案：B14．The Internet creates new gaps between rich and poor.A．B．C．正确答案：A15．The Internet is a form of cultural imperialism.A．B．C．正确答案：A听力原文：We live in an age of travel and a country of travellers. Australians love to travel overseas and there are also millions of overseas tourists visiting Australia each year. This means a huge task for Quarantine. Here are just some of the quarantine tasks that happen at international passenger terminals around Australia each day. To begin with, incoming luggage is X-rayed to check for quarantine risk items. Then passengers who may have these items are interviewed. In addition, we have detector dogs sniff luggage from high-risk flights and passenger ships.The main purpose for performing the quarantine tasks is to educate about the importance ofquarantine. People will not be fined or punished, but any items that pose a potential risk to Australia’s plants, animals or people need to be inspected and possibly treated to make them safe - or destroyed if the risk is too high. A total of 414 people work at the Quarantine and Inspection Section at the Sydney airport at the moment. They are kept busy every day by the quarantine tasks mentioned above and the assistance of sniff dogs does make their lives easier. Beagles were chosen as the most suitable breed for the ‘friendly’image of detector dogs working around the public at international airports. Beagles have an extraordinary sense of smell - said to be at least 100 times more acute than our own. They’re relatively small dogs and are co-operative and gentle with people. They can remain calm even when surrounded by the commotion of baggage collection areas, which is the main reason why they’ve been chosen for the programme. The beagles are trained to simply sit when they detect a target odour, and await their food reward from their handler. This is the kind of passive response regarded as acceptable around passengers.Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Quarantine at Australia’s international airports and seaports16．The main aim of the service is toA．educate people.B．punish people.C．track criminals.正确答案：A17．The number of people working at Sydney airport Quarantine and Inspection Section isA．414.B．440.C．540.正确答案：A18．Beagles are chosen as detector dogs working around the public at international airports mainly becauseA．they have an acute sense of smell.B．they can stay calm working at a busy airport.C．they can be easily trained.正确答案：B。

雅思(听力)模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)

雅思（听力）模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Listening ModuleListening Module (30 minutes & 10 minutes transfer time)听力原文：Female: Scope charity office, how can I help you?Male: Oh hello. I’m ringing about the Dragon Boat Race that you’re asking people to take part in.Female: Oh yes, we still need a few more teams. Are you interested in joining the race?Male: Yes, we want to enter a team but we don’t know anything about it? Could I ask you for some more information first?Female: Of course.Male: I don’t even know when it’s being held.Female: It’s taking place on the 2nd of July ...Male: Is that a Saturday?Female: No, it’s a Sunday. It’s a much more popular day and more people can take part then.Male: Right. And where’s it being held?Female: ... at the Brighton Marina.Male: Oh, I’m an overseas student ... Could you spell that for me?Female: Yes, it’s Brighton Marina, that’s MARINA. Do you know where it is?Male: I’m not sure.Female: It’s a couple of miles past the Palace Pier.Male: Oh yes, I know it.Female: You take a right turning off the coast road or you can cycle along the seafront.Male: That’s good. What time does the race start?Female: Well, the first heats begin at 10.00a.m. - but you need to register half an hour before that - at 9.30 and we really recommend that you aim to be there by 9.00. It’s a good idea to arrange a meeting place for your team.Male: Right ... And the race is to help raise money for charity?Female: It is. We’re asking every team member to try and raise f35 by getting friends and/or relatives to sponsor them. Every crew member will receive a free tournament t-shirt if your team manages to raise f1 000 or more.Male: Oh, that’s quite good.Female: Also we’re holding a raffle ... every crew member who takes part in the race this season will be entered into a free Prize Draw.Male: Oh, what’s the prize?Female: It’s pretty good - it’s a holiday in Hong Kong.Male: Sounds great!Female: Is there anything else you need to know?Male: Er... could you just tell me a little bit more about the teams?Female: Well, you need to have a crew of 20 people for your dragon boat ... and you then need to agree on who’s going to be the team captain ... That would probably be you ...Male: Fine. Um, I’ve got a group of 20 people who are interested ... do all the team members have to be a certain age?Female: Well there’s no age limit as such but if you have a team member who’s under 18 then they have to get their parents’permission to take part.Male: Yes, that makes sense.Female: It isn’t dangerous but we do have boats that turn over in the water and for that reason we need to insist that everyone wears a life jacket as well and you can hire life jackets from us when your team arrives.Male: What do you advise people to wear?Female: Well... most people wear a t-shirt, shorts and trainers. I certainly wouldn’t recommend that you wear jeans or boots. In fact, it’s a very good idea to bring some spare clothes.Male: OK.Female: It can get quite cold and wet if the weather’s bad And there’s quite a bit of hanging around especially if you qualify for the semi-finals or the final ...Male: I see what you mean.Female: Have you got a namefor your team?Male: Oh, not yet, no.Female: Well you need to decide on one and then put it on the entrance form which I’ll send you ...Male: Oh OK.Female: So if you’d like to give me your address ...SECTION 1 Questions 1-10Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER for each answer.Event DetailsType of event: Example Dragon Boat RaceRace detailsDay & date: 【1】______Place: Brighton 【2】______Registration time: 【3】______Sponsorship-aim to raise over 【4】______ as a team and get a free T-shirt-free Prize Draw for trip to 【5】______Team details-must have crew of 20 and elect a 【6】______-under 18s need to have 【7】______ to enter-need to hire 【8】______-advised to bring extra 【9】______-must choose a 【10】______ for the team1．【1】正确答案：Sun(day) 2nd July2．【2】正确答案：MARINA3．【3】正确答案：9.30(am)4．【4】正确答案：f 1,000/one/a thousand pounds5．【5】正确答案：Hong Kong6．【6】正确答案：(team) captain7．【7】正确答案：parents’ permission8．【8】正确答案：(20/twenty) life jackets9．【9】正确答案：clothes/clothing/set of clothes10．【10】正确答案：name听力原文：Female: Ladies and Gentlemen - welcome to Auckland Zoo on this sunny Sunday afternoon and to our special kiwi fund raising event. My job is to tell you all about the amazing little kiwi - and your job, hopefully, is to dig deep in your pockets. Now for the benefit of our overseas visitors here today, I should explain first of all that the kiwi is the national bird of New Zealand - and sometimes New Zealanders themselves are known as ‘Kiwis’. Now, while kiwis in the wild are a rare sight, the kiwi as a symbol is far more visible. Apart from being in toy stores and airport shops all over the world, you’ll find them on our stamps and coins. The kiwi is the smallest member of the genus Apteryx which also includes ostriches and emu. It gets its name from its shrill call which sounds very much like this –kee-wee kee-wee. Kiwis live in forests or swamps and feed on insects, worms, snails and berries. It’s a nocturnal bird with limited sight and therefore it has to rely on its very keen sense of smell to find food and to sense danger. Its nostrils are actually right on the end of its long beak which is one third of the body length. Now here’s an interesting fact. Although kiwis have wings, they serve little purpose because the kiwi is a flightless bird. Since white settlement of the islands, kiwi numbers have dropped from 12 million to less than 70,000 and our national bird is rapidly becoming an endangered species. This is because they’re being threatened by what we call introduced animals - animals which were brought to New Zealand such as cats and ferrets which eat kiwi eggs and their chicks. And so we have launched the Kiwi Recovery Programme; in an all-out effort to save our national bird from extinction. There are three stages to this programme: Firstly, we have the scientific research stage - this involves research to find out more about what kiwis need to survive in the wild. Then secondly we have the action stage. This is where we go into the field and actually put our knowledge to work - we call this ‘putting science into practice’. And then we come to the third stage - the global education stage. By working with schools and groups like yourself, as well as through our award-winning kiwi website, we are hoping to educate people about the plight of the kiwi. As part of the action stage, which I just mentioned, we’ve introduced ‘Operation Nest Egg’ and this is where your money will be going. It works like this: It’s a three-stage process. First of all, we go out to the kiwi’s natural habitat and we collect kiwi eggs. This is the tricky part because it can be very difficult to find the eggs. Then, in safe surroundings, away from predators ... the chicks are reared. Now this can be done on predator-free islands or in captivity - they’re reared until they are about nine months old at which stage the chicks are returned to the wild. So far it’s proving successful, and since we started the programme some 34 chicks have been successfully raised this year and their chances of survival have increased from 5 to 85%. However, it’s not time to celebrate kiwisurvival just yet. About 95% of kiwi chicks still don’t make it to six months of age without protection. Which is why Operation Nest Egg is so important and we ask you to give generously today.Questions 11-15Complete the notes e NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.KIWI FACT SHEETPictures of kiwis found on 【11-1】______ and 【11-2】______The name ‘kiwi’comes from its 【12】______The kiwi has poor sight but a good 【13】______Kiwis cannot 【14】______Kiwis are endangered by ‘【15】______’11．【11】正确答案：stamps and coins12．【12】正确答案：(shrill) call13．【13】正确答案：sense of smell14．【14】正确答案：fly15．【15】正确答案：introduced animalsQuestions 16-17Complete the notes e NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.16．【16】正确答案：(scientific) research17．【17】正确答案：global educationQuestions 18-20Complete the fiow chart e NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER for each answer.OPERATION NEST EGG【18】______ →【19】______ →Chicks returned to wild →RESULT Survival rate increased from 【20-1】______ to 【20-2】______18．【18】正确答案：eggs (are) collected19．【19】正确答案：chicks (are) reared20．【20】正确答案：5% to 85%听力原文：Tutor: We’re very pleased to welcome Professor lsaac Nebworth to our tutorial group today and he’s come to share one of his pet passions with us - city traffic and our western dependence on the motor car. I believe questions are quite welcome throughout.Professor: Thank you. Well, I know you’re all very familiar with the super highway here in Melbourne. But do super highways automatically lead to super wealth, as our politicians would have us believe? I think not.Tutor: Can you give us an example of what you mean exactly? Professor: Sure ... well, by continuing to encourage this dependence on the motor car, we simply create more congestion and more urban sprawl. And you can see that here in Melbourne right under your nose.Student: Excuse me. I would just like to say that I feel the sprawl is part of the city. The freeways mean people canenjoy the benefits of living away from the centre ... on larger blocks with gardens…but still be able to drive back into the city centre for work or entertainment.Professor: Well, I’m not convinced that people want to do that. And is our money being well spent? It may be OK for you now but come back to me in five years time! Let’s take City Link, for example, the new freeway here in Melbourne.Student: Well ... I use the freeway all the time. I think it’s great.Professor: Ah yes, but it cost ＄2 billion to build, and you could have gotten ten times the value by putting the money into public transport. If you give the automobile road space, it will fill that space ... and you’ll soon find you’ll be crawling along your City Link.Tutor: But surely, you cannot simply blame the car. Some of the blame must rest with governments and city planners?Student: Well there is an argument, surely, that building good roads is actually beneficial because most new cars these days are highly efficient - they use far less petrol than in the past and emissions of dangerous gases are low. Old congested roads, on the other hand, encourage traffic to move slowly and it’s the stationary cars that cause the pollution and smog ... whereas good roads increase traffic speeds and thus the amount of time cars are actually on the roads.Professor: Well ... this is the old argument put forward by the road lobby but, for me it’s clear cut. Roads equal cars which equal smog. Public transport is the way to go.Tutor: Now ... on that topic of public transport, I read somewhere recently that Australia isn’t doing too badly in the challenge to increase the use of public transport.Professor: Better than America, granted, but by comparison with Canada, it’s not so good. For instance, if you compare Toronto with the US metropolis of Detroit only 160 kilometres away ... in Detroit only 1% of passenger travel is by public transport whereas in Toronto it’s 24%, which is considerably better than Sydneywhich can only boast 16%.Tutor: Well I think it’s encouraging that our least cardependent city is actually our largest city. 16% of trips being taken on public transport in Sydney, isn’t too bad.Professor: But it’s a long way behind Europe. Take both London and Paris for instance ... where 30% of all trips taken are on public transport.Tutor: Well, they do both have an excellent underground system.Professor: ... and Frankfurt comes in higher still at 32%.Tutor: I understand that they’ve been very successful in Copenhagen at ridding the city of the car. Can you tell us anything about that experiment?Professor: Yes indeed. Copenhagen is a wonderful example of a city that has learnt to live without the motor car. Back in the 1960s they adopted a number of policies designed to draw people back into the city. For instance, they paid musicians and artists to perform in the streets. They also built cycle lanes and now 30% of the inhabitants of Copenhagen use a bicycle to go to work. Sydney, by comparison, can only boast 1% of the population cycling to work.Student: It could have something to do with all the hills!Professor: Then they banned cars from many parts of the city and every year 3% of the city parking is removed and by constantly reducing parking they’ve created public spaces and clean air.Student: Really! !Student: Really! !Professor: There are also freely available bicycles which you can hire for practically nothing. And of course, they have an excellent public transport system.Student: Oh, that’s all very well for Copenhagen. But I’d just like to say that some cities are just too large for a decent public transport system to work well. Particularly in areas with low population, because if there aren’t many people using the service then they don’t schedule enough buses or trains for that route.Professor: I accept that there is a vicious circle here, but people do need to support the system.Student: And secondly, the whole process takes so long because usually you have to change ... you know, from bus to train - that sort of thing, and that can be quite difficult. Ultimately it’s much easier to jump in your car. And often it turns out to be cheaper.Professor: Sure ... but cheaper for whom, you or society? We have to work towards the ideal and not give in all the time because things are too difficult ... Anyway, lets move on to some of the results of the survey ...SECTION 3 Questions 21-30Questions 21-24Circle the correct letters A-C.21．The professor says that super highways ______.A．lead to better lifestyles.B．are a feature of wealthy cities.C．result in more city suburbs.正确答案：C22．The student thinks people ______.A．like the advantages of the suburbs.B．rarely go into the city for entertainment.C．enjoy living in the city.正确答案：A23．The professor suggests that in five years’ time ______.A．City Link will be choked by traffic.B．public transport will be more popular.C．roads will cost ten times more to build.正确答案：A24．The student believes that highways ______.A．encourage a higher standard of driving.B．result in lower levels of pollution.C．discourage the use of old cars.正确答案：BQuestions 25-26Label the two bars identified on the graph below.Choose your answers from the box and write them next to Questions 25-26.List of cities: Detroit Frankfurt London Paris Sydney Toronto25．【25】正确答案：Sydney26．【26】正确答案：FrankfurtQuestions 27-28Circle TWO letters A-F.Which TWO facts are mentioned about Copenhagen?A——live street theatre encouragedB——30% of citizens walk to workC——introduction of parking metresD——annual reduction of parking spotsE ——free city bicyclesF——free public transport27．【27】正确答案：A28．【28】正确答案：DQuestions 29-30Circle TWO letters A-F.Which TWO reasons are given for the low popularity of public transport?A——buses slower than carsB——low use means reduced serviceC——private cars saferD——public transport expensiveE——frequent stopping inconvenientF——making connections takes time29．【29】正确答案：B30．【30】正确答案：F听力原文：Lecturer: In today’s lecture I’d like to look at the topic of food preservation and start by asking the obvious question ‘Why do we need to preserve food?’ Well, apart from keeping it fresh for our daily needs, many foods, such as fruit and vegetables are only available at certain times of the year so if we want to be able to eat these foods ally ear round, we need to preserve them. We also need to preserve food for export overseas to make sure that it doesn’t perish in transit, and lastly we need to be able to preserve food for when there are food shortages. There are a number of methods of preserving food which involve both high and low temperatures, chemicals, irradiation and drying. Let’s have a look at these in turn. In the 1870s the French scientist, Louis Pasteur, showed that micro-organisms in food could be destroyed by raising the temperature of the food - a process now known as ‘pasteurisation’. This involves heating milk to just 65~C for 30 minutes. A new method, the ultra-high temperature or UHT process, involves heating milk to 150℃for three seconds. The advantage of treating milk in this way is that it lasts much longer though I tend to feel, and I’m sure many of you would agree, that taste is somewhat sacrificed in the UHT process. Tin cans were first used in the early 1800s to store and preserve food. Just as they are now, the cans were tinplated, steel containers and the process had the advantage of being cost effective. Unfortunately, however, there were many early cases of food-poisoning because the canning process was not fully understood at that stage. We now know the exact temperature and length of time each food needs for proper preservation which has greatly reduced the risk of food-poisoning. People living in cold climates often preserved food by burying it in the snow and the Romans knew all about the advantages of packing food in ice but for most people this was not an option until the invention of the refrigerator in 1834. Today, however, refrigeration is the most important means of preserving food because the food stays fresh without needing to be treated. However, refrigeration requires an electricity supply and unfortunately if the power goes off, so does the food!! A variety, of chemicals can be added to food and you’ll find their names listed on the labels of cans and bottles. Salt is probably the oldest of all the chemical preservatives and was used by many ancient civilisations for many years.Sugar also acts as a preservative and is used to preserve jams in much the same way that vinegar is used to pickle foods. Chemical preservatives are effective but they do not suit all foods and the processes involved are timeconsuming. Another method of preserving food is by drying it. Most foods are 75% to 90% water so if you remove the water the micro-organisms simply can’t survive. When food is dried it not only lasts a long time but it also becomes much lighter which is a big advantage as this makes it cheap to store, though some people argue that valuable nutrients are lost in the process. Early methods for drying food involved cutting it into strips and hanging it in the sun or over fires. But there are now a number of more modern methods which involve theuse of recent technology. One of these is known as ‘roller drying’ and it’s a highly effective way of making dried foods from liquids, such as soup. Have a look at this diagram to see how it works. Well, first of all, the hot soup is poured in at one end-here. The liquid spreads to form a thin layer on a heated belt. The liquid dries as it moves alonq. By the time it reaches the end of the belt, all the water has evaporated leaving only dry powder. A blade then scrapes the dried material off the roller and captures it in powder form. All you have to do is add boiling water and you have your hot soup back again, ready to drink! Another method is called ‘freeze drying’ ...SECTION 4 Questions 31-40Questions 31-32Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Reasons for preserving food-- Available all year-- For 【31】______-- In case of 【32】______31．【31】正确答案：export/transit (overseas)32．【32】正确答案：food shortagesQuestions 33-37Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.33．【33】正确答案：lasts longer/lasts much longer34．【34】正确答案：food-poisoning/poisoning35．【35】正确答案：electricity/electricity supply/supply of electricity/power36．【36】正确答案：chemical preservation/add (adding) chemicals/using chemicals (not salt/sugar/vinegar)37．【37】正确答案：cheap to storeQuestions 38-40Label the diagram.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer38．【38】正确答案：(hot) soup39．【39】正确答案：(heated) belt40．【40】正确答案：powdered soup/dried soup/dry soup。