英国文学史复习题.docx
（完整word版）英国文学史及选读期末试题及答案
（完整word版）英国文学史及选读期末试题及答案英国文学史及选读期末试题及答案考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型： A 卷考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx 班I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.1. ___ ， a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of theAnglo-Saxons.A.The Canterbury TalesB.The Ballad of Robin HoodC.The Song of BeowulfD.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght2. ___ is the most common foot in English poetry.A.The anapestB.The trocheeC.The iambD.The dactyl3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event?A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B.England' s domestic restC.New discovery in geography and astrologyD.The religious reformation and the economic expansion4. ___ is the most successful religious allegory in the English language.A.The Pilgrims ProgressB.Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersC.The Life and Death of Mr.BadmanD.The Holy War5. ___________ G enerally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is .A.scienceB.philosophyC.artsD.humanism6.“ Solo ng as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. ” (Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does “ this ” refer to ?A.Lover.B.Time.C.Summer.D.Poetry.7.“ O prince, O chief of my thron ed powers, /That led th ' embattled seraphim towar/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven' s perpetual king ”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton ' s Paradise Lost, the phrase “ thcyo nduct ” refertso con duct.A.God ' sB.Satan' sC.Adam ' sD.Eve 's8.It is generally regarded that Keats' s most important and mature poems are in the form ofB.odeA.elegyC.epicD.sonnet9.“ ShaIl l compare thee to a summer' s day? ” Thes entence is the beginning of Shakespeare' s ______ ./doc/a44056051.html,edyB.tragedyC.sonnetD.poem10.Daniel Defoe 's novels mainly focus on .A.the struggle of the unfortunate for mere existenceB.the struggle of the shipwrecked persons for securityC.the struggle of the pirates for wealthD.the desire of the criminals for property11.Francis Bacon is best known for his _which greatly influenced the development of thisliterary form.A.essaysB.poemsC.worksD.plays12.Most of Thomas Hardy 's novels are set in Wessex .A.a crude region in EnglandB.a fictional primitive regionC.a remote rural areaD.Hardy ' s hometown13.In terms of Pride and Prejudice, which is not true?A.Pride and Prejudice is the most popular of Jane Austen 's novels.B.Pride and Prejudice is originally drafted as“ First Impressions ”.C.Pride and Prejudice is a tragic novel.D.In this novel, the author explores the relationship between great love and realistic benefits.14.Chronologically the Victorian Period refers toA.1798-1832B.1836-1901C.1798-1901D.the Neoclassical Period15.In the following figures, who is Dickens 's first child hero?A.Fagin.B.Mr.Brownlow.C.Olive Twist.D.Bill Sikes16.“And where are they? And where art thou, ”My country? On thy voiceless shore The heroic lay is tuneless now- The heroic bosom beats no more! (George Gordon Byron, Don Juan) In the above stanza, “art thou ” literally means .A. “ art you ”B. “ are though ”C .“art though D”.“ are you ”17.Of the following writers, which is not the representative of the Romantic period?A.William Blake.B.John Bunyan.C.Jane Auten.D.John Keats.18.In Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, what is the utmost concern of Blake?A.LoveB.ChildhoodC.DeathD.Human Experience19.Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from .A.the RenaissanceB.the Old TestamentC.Greek MythologyD.the New Testament20.Jane Austen' s first novel is .A.Pride and PrejudiceB.Sense and SensibilityC.EmmaD.Plan of a Noel21.Of the following poets, w hich is not regarded as “ L'ak”e ?PoetsA.Saumel Taylor Coleridge.B.Robert Southey.C.William Wordsworth.D.William Shakespeare.22. ___________________ Daniel Defoe describes a s a typical English middle-class man of the eighteenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.A.Robinson CrusoeB.Moll FlandersC.GulliverD.Tom Jones23.The lines “ Death, be not proud, though some have calld thee/Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so; ”are found in .A.William Wordsworth ' s writingsB.John Keats' writingsC.John Donne ' s writingsD.Percy Bysshe Shelley 's writings24.____________________________________________________________________ __ The Pilgrim 's progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for ________ .A.self-fulfillmentB.spiritual salvationC.material wealthD.universal truth25.With so many poems such as “ The 'Ssp aNreroswt, ”“ To a Skylark, ”“ To the Cuckoo ” and “ To a Butterfly ” ,William Wordsworth is regarded as a “ ____ ”.A.poet of genius.B.royal poet.C.worshipper of nature.D.conservative poet.26.In the first part of Gulliver ' s Travels, Gulliver told this experience in .A.LilliputB.BrobdingnagC.HouyhnhnmD.England27.Which of the following can not describe “ Byronic hero ”?A.Proud.B.Mysterious.C.Noble origin.D.Progressive.28. _______________________________________________________ The poetic form which Browning attached to maturity and perfection is ________________________ .A.dramatic monologue/doc/a44056051.html,e of symbol/doc/a44056051.html,e of ironic language/doc/a44056051.html,e of lyrics29.The term “ metaphysical poetry ”is commonly used to name the work -ocfe tnhteu r1y7 wthriterswho wrote under the influence of .A.John MiltonB.John DonneC.John KeatsD.John Bunyan30.Which of the following writings is not created by William Wordsworth?A.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.B.She Dwelt Among the Untrodden WaysC.The Solitary Reaper.D.The Chimney Sweeper.II.Find the relevant match from colunm B for each item in Colomn A (10 points in all. 1 point for each)A BA. A Red, Red RoseB. Ode to a NightingaleC. Of TruthD. Northanger AbbeyE. The Canterbury Tales1.GeoffreyChaucer2.Francis Bacon3.Jonathan Swift4.William Blake5.Robert BurnsIII. Fill in the following blanks (10 points in all, 1 point for each)1. In the year ,at the battle of Hastings, the Normans headed by william, Duke of Normandy,defeated the Anglo-saxons.2. Since historical times, England, where the early inhabitants were celts, has been conquered three times. It was conquered by the Romans, the _ ,and the Normans.3. __ i s regared as shakespeare ' s successful romantic tragedy.4. No sooner were the people in control of the government than they divided into hostile parties: the liberal whigs and the conservative .5. The Glorious Revolution in ___meant three things the supremacy of parliament, the beginning of modern English, and the final triumph of the principle of political liberty.6. Romanticism as a literary movement come into being in England early in the latter half of the ___century.7. With the publication of william Wordsworth ' s in collaboration with S.T Coleridge,Romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literatare.8. Woman as ___ appeared in the Romantic age. It was during this period that women took, for the first time ,an important place in English literature.9. The most important poet of the victoria Age was , Next to him, were Robert Browning andhis wife.10. The __ movement appeared in the thirties of the 19th cenfury.IV. Questions and Answers (20 points in all ,10points for each) Give brief answers to each of following questions in English.(1) A selection from a poemWherefore feed and clothe and saveForm the cradle to the graveThose ungrateful drones who wouldDrain your sweat_nay, drink your blood?Whrefore, Bees of England, forgeMany a weepon, chain, and scourgeThat these stingless drones may spoilThe forced produce of your tail?Questions (10 ')1. These lines are taken from a poem entitled___(1 ' )written by ___(1 ' ).2. The rhyme scheme in the selection of the poem is .(1 ' )3. What idea does the quotation express?(7' )(2) A Selection from a workSome books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy and6. John Keats7. Jane Austen8. Charles 9. Tennyson10. Robert Browning F. A Modest Proposal G. The TigerH. Ulysses I. David Copperfieldextracts made of them by others, but that would be only inthe less important arguments and the meaner sort of books; else distilled bookd are like common distilled waters.Question(10 ' )1. This passage is taken from a well-known work entiled___,(2 ' ) written by .(1 ' )2. What ' s the main idea of the whole work. (7 ' )V. Topic Discussion (30 points in all,15 points for each). Write no less than 100 words on each of the following topics in English , in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.1. Based on Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, discuss the theme of her works, the image of woman protagonists and what and how her novels truthfully present.(15 ' )2. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Aasten explored three kinds of motivations of marriage that themiddle-class people had in the second half of the 18th century. Try to make a brief discussion about them with specific examples from the novel. Make comments on Austen ' s attitude towards these motivations.(15 ')200x － 200x 学年度第一学期期末考试试卷答案及评分标准II. Find the relevant match from column B for each item incolamn A (1 1-E2-C 3-F 6-B7-D 8-I III. Fill in the following blanks (1 1. 1066 2. Anglo-Saxons4. Tories5. 16887.Lyrical Ballads 8.novelistsIV. Questions and Answers (20 points in all ) (1) A PoemQuestions(10' )1. A Song: Men of England(1 ') Shelley(1' )2. aabb ccdd (1' )3. This poem is a war cry calling upon all working people to rise up against theirpolitical oppressors, it points out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. The poet calls the exploiters “ ungrateful drones ” , Who drain the sweat and drink the blood of the labouring people,He illustrates with concrete examples the relationship of economic exploitation between the ruling class and the working people.(7 ' ) (2) A Selection from a work1. Of Studies(1 ' ) Bacon(1' )2. It analyzes the use and abuse of studies ,the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies. And how studies exert influence over human character.V .Topic Discussion (30 points in all, 15 points for each) 01-05 C C B A D11-15 A B C B C 21-25 D A C B C 考核类 A 卷出卷教师 : XXX 考试班级：英语 xx 班) 06-10 D B B C A 16-20 D B D B B26-30 A D A B D ×10=10')4-G 5-A 9-H 10-J ×10=10' ) 3. Romeo and Juliet6.18th9.Tennyson 10.Chartist 考试课程：英国文学史及选读考试方式：闭卷考试专业：英语。
(完整word版)英国文学史习题全集(含答案)
(完整word 版)英国文学史习题全集(含答案)3Part One Early and Medieval English LiteratureⅠ. Fill in the blanks.1. In 1066, ____， with his Norman army, succeeded ininvading and defeating England 。
A. William the ConquerorB. Julius Caesar C 。
Alfred the Great D. Claudius2。
In the 14th century ， the most important writer (poet)is ____ .A. LanglandB. Wycliffe C 。
Gower D. Chaucer 3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is____。
A. novel B 。
drama C. romance D. essay 4。
The story of ___ is the culmination of the Arthurianromances 。
A 。
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight B. BeowulfC 。
Piers the PlowmanD 。
TheCanterbury Tales5。
William Langland’s ____ is written in the form of adream vision 。
A 。
Kubla KhanB 。
Piers the PlowmanC 。
The Dream of John Bull D. Morte d'Arthur1—5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB6. After the Norman Conquest ， three languages existedin England at that time 。
【精编范文】英国文学史复习资料-word范文 (26页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==英国文学史复习资料篇一：英国文学史复习资料英国文学史资料British Writers and WorksI. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted invast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer‘s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some wordsin a sentencebegin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled wayUnderstatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创―双韵体‖，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
(完整word版)英国文学史试题
Cha pter Six English Literature of the Romantic AgeI .可出选择题有:1. The Roma ntic Age bega n with the p ublicati on ofwritte n by______________A. William WordsworthB. Samuel Joh nsonC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Wordsworth and Coleridge( ) 2. Which po et does not bel ong to the Active Roma ntic Poet?A. Byro nB. ShelleyC. KeatsD. Blake“The Lyrical Ballads ” is Coleridge's master pieceA. Kubla KhanB. The P reludeC. The Rime of Ancient Mari nerD. Tin tern Abbey) 4. In 1805, Wordsworth compi eted a long auto-biogra phical poem en titledA. Biogra phia LiterariaB. The P reludeC. Lucy Po emsD. The Lyrical Ballads( ) 5. The followi ng sta nza is from a poem writte n byWhe n we two p artedIn sile nee and in tears,Half broke n-hearted,To sever for years."The Lyrical Ballads ” which was ) 3. The first poem inP ale grew thy cheek and coldColder tha n thy kiss;Truly that hour foretoldSorrow to this!A.Percy Bysshe ShellyB.William BlakeC.George Gordon Byro nD.Robert Brow ning( )6. The Lake Poets include all the following members except the author of the followingwork.A. The P reludeB.Don Jua nC.The An cie nt Mari nerD. Joa n of Arc) 7. Scott's chief con tributi on to En glish literature lies in his no vels ofA. warB.historyC. cityD.roma neeII.可出判断题有:1. With the establishme nt of the Jacob in dictatorsh ip in Fran ce, Wordsworth's attitude toward revoluti on cha ngedinto active.) 2. I n the revised version of Lyrical Ballads, Coleridge held that p oetry is the“ spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling ”.( ) 3. Roma nticism is a literary tren d. It p revailed in En gla nd in the p eriod(1798——1832)) 4. The most important imp etus of the Roma ntic moveme nt was the French Revoluti on( ) 5. The ideals of French Revoluti on are liberty, democracy, and equality.“Biographia Literaria ” is written by Wordsworth.III .可出填空题有:marked the tran siti on from roma nticism to the p eriod of realism which followed it.2. In 1843 Wordsworth was madeIV 可出术语有:lake po etsV .可出简答题有：What are the qualities of Roma nticismChap ter Seven English Literature of the Victorian AgeI •可出选择题有：( ) 1. The followi ng stateme nts are features of Dicke ns's no vels exce ptA. The po wer of expo sureB. Comp licated and fasc in at ing plotC. Broad humor and pen etrati ng satireD. Tragic mood and feeli ng of dep ressi onII .可出判断题有:) 1. A Tale of Two Cities bel ongs to the first writ ing p hase of Dicke ns's career, and thetwo cities are London and P aris.)2. Though the Victoria n po ets are called The Third Gen erati on of Roma nticism, they showed no vigor and po wer in p roduct ion of p oetry as their p revious p oets.) 6. The brillia nt literary criticism 1.III .可出填空题有:app eared1. In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trendafter the roma ntic po etry.2. The title of the no vel Vanity Fair is suggestive of that Van ity Fair in Bunyan's master pi ece_________________ , where all sorts of van ities are on sale.3. The central characters of The Mill on Floss are Tom and his sister4. is the rep rese ntative of New Roma nticism in the novel writ ing at the end ofthe 19th cen tury.IV .可出术语有:Dramatic mono logueV .可出简答题有:The con tributi on of the sett ing to the exp ressi on of the sp eaker's situatio n in“Cross ing theBar ”.Cha pter Eight English Literature of the First Half of the Twentieth CenturyI •可出判断题有:( T ) 1. Symbolism, Surrealism, Imagism, Expressionism, etc, all belong to School ofModer ni sm.( T ) 2. The Rain bow is D. H. Lawre nee's autobiogra phical work.II .可出简答题有:The sig ni fica nee of the theme of Araby.March the works in colu mn A and authors in colu mn B and write the letter of your choice inthe bracketsA B来源:考试大-专四专八考试站。
英国文学史及选读第一册复习题.doc
History and Anthology of English LiteratureI Multiple Choices1.The story of _________ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.A.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales2.Chaucer died on October 25th, 140(), and was buried in __________ ・A.FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey3・Utopia was written in the form of _________ ・A. proseB. drama C・ essay D. dialogue4.________ i s the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andre MarvellD. Henry Vaughan5.________ i s not written by William Blake.A. The Marriage of Heaven and HellB. Songs of ExperienceC. Auld Lang SyneD. Poetical Sketches6."Some book are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested：This sentence is taken from __________ .A. Swifts A Modest ProposalB. Dickens\ Oliver l\vistC. Fielding 9s Tom JonesD. Bacon's Of Studies7.Which poet is not the "Lake Poet"?A. William WordsworthB. S. T. ColeridgeC. SoutheyD. Keats8.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, itsessence is _________ •A. ScienceB. ArtsC. PhilosophyD. Humanism9.Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is thepopular literary form in _________ .A・ Romanticism B. Renaissance C. medieval period D・ Anglo-Saxon period10.Gothic novels are mostly stories of _________ , which take place in some haunted or dilapidatedMiddle Age castles・A.love and marriageB. sea adventuresC. mystery and horrorD. saints and martyrsII• The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gull iver's Travels arc _______ ・A・ horses that are endowed with reasonB.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdomD.hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance butalso in some other ways12. John Milton's masterpiece 一Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of ___________ ・A. rhymed stanzasB. blank verseC. alliteration D・ sonnets13・ Which of the following has / have associations with John Donners poetry?A. reason and sentimentB. conceits and witsC. the euphuismD. writing in the rhymed couplet14.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is.A ・ scienceB. philosophy C ・ arts D. humanism 15. The School for Scandal by Richard Brislcy Sheridan has been regarded as the best since Shakespeare.A. tragedyB. prose C ・ comedy D. fable II Match III Literary Terms (Choose Five of them to illustrate in English)1・ Epic 2. Romance 3・ Blank verse4. Sonnet5. Allegory6. Heroic couplet7. Comedy8. Tragedy 9. Sentimentalism1()・ Enlightenment IV Poem Analysis(1)Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summers lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall death brag thou wandefst in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Questions:1. Who writes this poem? ______________________2. What type of this poem belongs to? ______________________A. SonnetB. BalladC. OdeD. Elegy3. What does "thee” mean in modem English? _______________________4. What does "the eye of heaven^ refer to? _______________________5. What^s the rhyme scheme of this poem? ______________________6. What's the rhetorical devices used in this poem? Try to give some examples.)1. Paradise Lost)2. Tristram Shandy)3. of Truth)4. The Vicar of Wakefield)5. Canterbury Tales)6. Tom Jones)7. Gulliver "s Travels)& The Pilgrim 9s Progress)9. Pamela)1(). The Fairy Queen A. John Bunyan B. Oliver Goldsmith C. Geoffery Chaucer D. Henry Fielding E. Jonathan Swift F. Samuel Richardson G. Edmund Spenser H ・ Francis Bacon I ・ Laurence Sterne J. John Milton(2)O my luve r s like a red, red roseThat's newly sprung in June:O my Luve r s like the melodie That's sweetly play'd in tune!As fair art thou, my bonnic lass,So deep in luve am I: And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a* the seas gang dry:Till a1 2 3 4 5 the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi* the sun;I will luve thee still, my dear, While the sands o* life shall run.And fare thee wccl, my only Luve, And fare thee weel a while!And I will come again, my Luve, Though it were ten thousand mile. Questions:1.Who write this poem? ______________________2.What's the title of this poem? ______________________3.What does the poet compare red rose to? ______________________4.What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? _______________________5.Illustrate the first stanza in English in your own words.V Conclude the main story of the literary work and make your own comments. Directions: There are four literary works listed as follows・Choose如o of them to write down the main idea and make some comments on them.2 Tome Jones3 Robinson Crusoe4 Hamlet5 Gulliver's Travels。
(完整)英国文学史及选读期末复习试题
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英国文学史及选读试题考试科目: 英国文学史及选读考试时间：120分钟使用班级：考试形式:■闭卷□开卷1. _______________can be justly termed England’s national epic。
2.In the year of _____， at the battle of _________， the Normans headed by ______ ， Duke of _________, defeated the ___________ .3.________________，the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest ______________ poets of England。
The representative work of him is ____________________。
4. Renaissance means __________ and _________ .5. The key note of renaissance ： _________________。
6. The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of ___________ （ _______ and _________ ) and_____________。
英国文学史复习资料整理
英国文学史复习资料整理篇一：英国文学史复习资料整理(1)? historical background: the making of BritainA. Briton (Celtic tribes)B. the Roman Conquest---Roman Briton1thJulius CaesarA.D.43ClaudiusC. mid-5thAnglo-Saxons (Angles, Saxons, Jutes)Anglo-Saxon periodD. Danish invasionlate 8th, Daneslate 9th, Alfred the Greatthe literaturethe literature of this period falls naturally isto two divisions—pagan and Christianpagan represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral sagasChristian represents the writings developed under teaching of the monks..All of the earliest poetry of England was copied by the monks, and seems to have been more or less altered to give it a religious coloring.The angles, an important Teutonis tribe, furnished the name for the new home, which was called Angle-land afterward shortened into England. The language spoken by these tribes is generally called Anglo-Saxon or Saxon.Literary term★ Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.(examples: Iliad, Odyssey, Chanson de Roland)2. Beowulf– national epic★ the longest and most monument of A-S poems★ the oldest surviving epic in British literature.? oral form (6th), earliest written record (7th or 8th)? set in Denmark and SwedenBeowulf1. 3183 lines2. contents:Beowulf centers on the narration of the exploits of the heroic figure beowulf.3 adventuresMonster---GrendelGrendel’s motherfiery dragonTheme: primitive peo ple’s struggle against hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.Beowulf is not simply a man of great military prowess but he is forever eager to help others in distress and in his last adventure with the dragon he shows himself a worthy leader ready to sacrifice his own life for the welfare of his people.Features:＊part-historical and part legendary＊heathen tribal society, feudal elements, Christian coloring＊A-S or old English; alliteration metaphorIn the year 1066, at the battle of Hastings, the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons.Brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure.England literature is also a combination of French and Saxon elements.The three chief effects of the conquest were1. the bringing of Roman civilization to England2. the growth of nationality a strong centralized government, instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes3. the new language and literature were proclaimed in Chaucer1the Norman conquest accelerated the development of feudalism.? on land: the ruling class possessed large tracts of land? on society: distinct class division, miseries of peasants? on language: scholar wrote in French and Latin; eiched English.The developmentof romance and knights’ legends★ Romance: A long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble man. The central character is the Knight, who has a noble birth, is skillful in the use of weapon and devotes to the church or King. The rules governing the manners and morals of a knight are known as chivalry.? Themes of romance:the matter of Britain— king Arthur and his knights of the Round Table (Arthurian romances) the matter of France— Charlemagne and his knights (Chanson deRoland)the matter of Rome— from the Trojan War to Alexander the GreatKing Arthur:＊historical figure of Celts; mythological figure in Welsh literature;＊legendary hero in ? Geoffery of Monmouth: “History of the Kings of Britain” ?Layamon:“Brut”? Sir Tomas Malory: “Le Morte D?Arthur”? Anglo-Saxon? Later legends about a hero named Arthur were placed in this period of violence. The invaders were variously Angles, Saxons, Frisians, Jutes, but were similar in culture and eventually identified themselves indifferently as Angles or Saxons.The most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend—―Sir Gawain and the Green Knig ht‖ (four sections)a.The fight between Sir Gawain and the Green Knight at King Arthur?s Christmas feast.b. Gawain?s adventures on the way to find the Green Knight of the Green Chapel篇二：英国文学史及选读__复习要点总结《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。
(完整word版)英国文学简史复习资料(整理版)
I. Old English Literature & the Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsGeoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400The father of English poetry.①<The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫II The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstreamof the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616①Historical plays:Henry VI 亨利六世; Henry IV : Richard III 查理三世; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII②Four Comedies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜;< A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦;<Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies: <Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗;<King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually iniambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.⑤the comedy of errors 错中错，Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯，The Taming of the shrew 驯悍记Love's labour's lost （爱的徒劳）Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Much ado about nothing（无事生非）The merry wives of Windsor. 温莎的风流娘们King John 约翰王All's well that ends well 终成眷属Measure for measure（一报还一报）Bacon: Of Studies;Of Beauty; Of Marriage and Single Life EnglishBourgeois Revolution，<The Advancement of Learning>学术的推进III：the period of the English bourgeois revolution.Milton：1608~1674Paradise Lost; Samson Agonistes (力士参孙);On the morning of Christ’s Nativity，<Paradise Regained>复乐园<On His Blindness>我的失明<Areopagitica>论出版自由<The Defence of the English People>为英国人民声辩Bunyan: 1628~1688①Religionary Allegory:<The Pilgrim’s Progress>天路历程Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner;the Holy WarJohn Don: the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）The Flea; 跳蚤Forbbiding Mourning，Songs And Sonnets歌与十四行诗，emergent occasions 突变引起的诚念Hely sonnetsIV The 18th Century：EnlightenmentA revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason:the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史Part one: Early and Medieval English LiteratureChapter 1 The Making of England1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts.2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar.The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years.It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain.And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned.3. The English ConquestAt the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates(海盗). They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes.And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles.And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English.4. The Social Condition of the Anglo-SaxonTherefore, the Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism.5. Anglo-Saxon Religious Belief and Its InfluenceThe Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century.Chapter 2 Beowulf1. Anglo-Saxon PoetryBut there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf.3. Analysis of Its ContentBeowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century.4. Features of BeowulfThe most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements.Chapter 3 Feudal England1) The Norman Conquest2. The Norman ConquestThe French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England.The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.3. The Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English LanguageBy the end of the fourteenth century, when Normans and English intermingled, English wasonce more the dominant speech in the country.3) The Romance1. The Content of the RomanceThe most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance.4. Malory’s Le Morte D’ArthurThe adventures of the Knights of the Round Table at Arthur’s courtChapter 5 The English Ballads2. The BalladsThe most important department of English folk literature is the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.Of paramount importance are the ballads of Robin Hood.3. The Robin Hood BalladsChapter 6 Chaucer1. LifeGeoffrey Chaucer, the founder/father of English poetry.3. Troilus and CriseydeTroilus and Criseyde is Chaucer’s longest complete poem and his greatest artistic achievement. But the poet shows some sympathy for her, hitting that her fault springs from weakness rather than baseness of character.4. The Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.6. His LanguageChaucer’s language, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact.Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies ch iefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (the “the heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in makingdialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.Part Two: The English RenaissanceChapter 1 Old England in Transition1. The New MonarchyThe century and a half following the death of Chaucer was full of great changes.And Henry 7, taking advantage of this situation, founded the Tudor dynasty, a centralized monarchy of a totally new type, which met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie and so won its support.2. The ReformationProtestantismThe bloody religious persecution came to a stop after the church settlement of Queen Elizabeth.3. The English BibleWilliam TyndallThen appeared the Authorized Version, which was made in 1611 under the auspices of James I and so was sometimes called the King James Bible.The result is a monument of English language and English literature.The standard modern English has been fixed and confirmed.4. The Enclosure Movement5. The Commercial ExpansionChapter 2 More1. LifeThomas More2. UtopiaUtopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation between More and Hythlody, a returned voyager.The name “Utopia” comes from two Greek words meaning “no place”.3. Utopia, Book OneBook One of Utopia is a picture of contemporary England with forcible exposure of the poverty among the laboring classes.4. Utopia, Book TwoIn Book Two we have a sketch of an ideal commonwealth in some unknown ocean, where property is held in common and there is no poverty.Chapter 3 The Flowering of English Literature3. Edmund Spenser1) LifeThe Poet’s Poet of the period was Edmund Spenser.In 1579 he wrote The Shepher’s Calendar, a pastoral poem in twelve books, one for each month of the year.2) The Faerie Queene (masterpiece)Spenser’s greatest work, The Faerie Queene (published in 1589-1596), is a long poem planned in 12 books, of which he finished only 6.iambic feet Spenserian Stanza4. Francis Bacon (father/founder of English essay)the founder of English English materialist philosophyBacon is also famous for his Essays. When it included 58 essays.Bacon is the first English essayist.Chapter 4 Drama7. The PlaywrightsThere was a group of so-called “university wits”(Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge and Nash).1. LifeThe most gifted of the “university wits” was Christopher Marlowe.2. WorkMarlowe’s best includes three of his plays, Tamburlaine, The Jew of Malta and Doctor Faustus.3. Doctor FaustusMarl owe’s masterpiece is The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.5. Marlowe’s Literary AchievementMarlowe was the greatest of the pioneers of English drama.It is Marlowe who first made blank verse (rhymeless iambic pentameter) the principal instrument of English drama.Chapter 6 Shakespeare1. LifeWilliam Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon.After his death, two of his above-mentioned fellow-actors, Herminge and Condell, collected and published Shakespeare’s plays in 1623. To this edition, which has been known as the First Folio.4. The Great ComediesA Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night have been called Shakespeare’s “great comedies”.6. The Great TragediesShakespeare created his great tragedies, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth.7. Hamletthe son of the Renaissance9. The Poems1) Venus and Adonis2) The Rape of Lucrece3) Shakespeare’s Sonnets10. Features of Shakespeare’s DramaShakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language.Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance.Part Three: The Period of the English Bourgeois RevolutionChapter 1 The English Revolution and the Restoration5. The Bourgeois Dictatorship and the Restorationin 1688 Glorious Revolution6. The Religious Cloak of the English RevolutionPuritanism was the religious doctrine of the revolutionary bourgeoisie during the English Revolution. It preached thrift, sobriety, hard work and unceasing labour in whatever calling one happened to be, but with no extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of labour.1. Life and WorkParadise Lost, Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.2. Paradise Lost1) Paradise LostParadise Lost is Milton’s masterpiece.blank verse.Chapter 3 Bunyan1. LifeThe Pilgrim’s Progress was published in 1678.2. The Pilgrim’s Progress1)The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious allegory.Chapter 4 Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poetsa school of poets called “Metaphysical” by Samuel Johnson.by mysticism in content and fantasticality in formJohn Donne, the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry.Chapter 6 Restoration Literature2. John DrydenThe most distinguished literary figure of the Restoration Period was John Dryden.Dryden was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the next century.Part Four: The Eighteenth CenturyChapter 1 The Enlightenment and Classicism in English Literature1. The Enlightenment and 18th Century England2) The Enlightenment in EuropeThe 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.3) The English EnlighternersThe representatives of the Enlightenment in English literature were Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, the essayists, and Alexander Pope, the poet.Chapter 2 Addison and Steele1. Steele and The TatlerRichard SreeleIn 1709, he started a paper, The Tatler, to enlighten, as well as to entertain, his fellow coffeehouse-goers.His appeal was made to “coffeehouses,”that is to say, to the middle classes, for whose enlightenment he stood up.“Issac Bickerstaff”2. Addison and The SpectatorThe general purpose is “to enliven morality with wit, and to temper wit with morality.”They ushered in the dawn of modern English novel.Chapter 3 Pope1. LifeAlexander Pope, the most important English poet in the first half of the 18th century.3. Workmanship and LimitationPope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th century.Pope is the most important representative of the English classical poery.But he lacker the lyrical gift.Chapter 4 Swift3. Bickersta f f Almanac (1708)Swift wrote his greatest work Gulliver’s Travels in Ireland.Chapter 5 Defoe and the Rise of the English Novel1. The Rise of the English Novelthe realistic novel: Defoe, Swift, Richardson and FieldingSwift’s world-famous novel Gulliver’s Travel sDefoe’s Robinson Crusoe (the forerunner of the English realistic novel)Richardson: Pamela, Clarissa and Sir Charles GrandisonFielding was the real founder of the realistic novel in England.The novel of this period … spoke the truth about life with an uncompromising courage.” The novelists of this period understood that “the job of a novelist was to tell the truth about life as he saw it.” (Ibid.) This explains the achievement of the English novel in the 18th century.4. Robinson Crusoe1) Today Defoe is chiefly remembered as the author of Robinson Crusoe, his masterpiece. Chapter 6 RichardsonSamuel RichardsonPamela was, in fact, the first English psycho-analytical novel.After Pamela, Richardson wrote two other novels: Clarissa Harlowe and Sir Charles Grandison.Clarissa is the best of Richardson’s novel.Chapter 7 Fielding (the father of English novel)1. LifeHis first novel Joseph Andrews was published in 1742.His Jonathan Wild appeared in 1743. It is a powerful political satire.In 1749, he finished his great novel Tom Jones.Amelia was his last novel. It is inferior to Tom Jones, but has merits of its own.3. Joseph Andrews4. Tom Jones1) The StoryFielding’s greatest work is The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling.6. Summary2) Fielding as the Founder of the English Realistic NovelAs a novelist, Fielding is very great. He is the founder of the English realistic novel and sets up the theory of realism in literary creation.He has been rightly called the “father of the Englis h novel.”Chapter 10 Johnson1. LifeSamuel Johnson, lexicographer, critic and poet.2. Johnson’s DictionaryIn 1755 his Dictionary was published.His Dictionary also marked the end of English writers’ reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support.Chapter 13 Sentimentalism and Pre-Romanticism in Poetry1. LifeThomas Gray2. Pre-RomanticismIn the latter half of the 18th century, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romantic Revival.Pre-Romanticism was ushered in by Percy, Macpherson and Chatterton, and represented by Blake and Burns.Chapter 14 Blake1. LifeWilliam Blake2. Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience4. Blake’s Position in English LiteratureFor these reasons, Blake is called a Pre-Romantic or a forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century.Chapter 15 Burns1. LifeHis Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect were printed. (masterpiece)The Scots Musical Museum and Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs2. The Poetry of Burns1) Burns is remembered mainly for his songs written in the Scottish dialect on a variety of subjects.3. Features of Burns’ PoetryBurns is the national poet of Scotland.Part Five: Romanticism in EnglandChapter 1 The Romantic Periodthe Industrial Revolution the French RevolutionAmid these social conflicts romanticism arose as a new literary trend. It prevailed in England during the period 1798-1832.These were the elder generation of romanticists, sometimes called escapist romanticists, including Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey, who have also been called the Lake Poets.Active romanticists represented by Byron, Shelley and Keats.The general feature of the works of the romanticists is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society, which finds expression in a revolt against or an escape from the prosaic, sordid daily life, the “prison of the actual” under capitalism.Poetry, of course, is the best medium to express all these sentiments.The only great novelist in this period was Walter Scott.Scott marked the transition from romanticism to the period of realism which followed it. Chapter 2 WordsworthColeridgeIn 1798 they jointly published the Lyrical Ballads.The publication of the Lyrical Ballads marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th century, i.e., with classicism, and the beginning of Romantic revival in England.The Preface of the Lyrical Ballads served as the manifesto of the English Romantic Movement in poetry.Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey have often been mentioned as the “Lake Poets” because they lived in the Lake District in the northwestern part of England.His deep love for nature runs through such short lyrics as Lines Written in Early Spring, To the Cuckoo, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, My Heart Leaps Up, Intimations of Immortality and Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey. The last is called his “lyrical hymn of thanks to nature”.Wordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by the simplicity a nd purity of his language.Chapter 3 Coleridge and Southey1. ColeridgeColeridge’s best poems, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.Chapter 4 Byron1. LifeChilde Harold’s PilgrimageHe finished Childe Harold, wrote his masterpiece Don Juan.2. Childe Harold’s PilgrimageThis long poem contains four cantos. It is written in the Soenserian stanza.3. Don JuanByron remains one of the most popular English poets both at home and abroad.Chapter 5 Shelley4. Promethus UnboundShelley’s masterpiece is Promethus Unbound, a lyrical drama in 4 acts.6. Lyrics on Nature and LoveOde to the West WindChapter 6 Keats2. Long PoemsKeats wrote five long poems: Endymion, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, Lamia and Hyperion.5) The unfinished long epic Hyperion has been regarded as Keat’s greatest achievement in poetry.3. Short Poems1) His leading principle is: “Beauty in truth, truth in beauty.”3) Ode to Autumn, Ode on Melancholy, Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to a NightingaleChapter 10 Scott2. His Historical NovelsScott has been universally regarded as the founder and great master of the historical novel. According to the subjet-matter, the group on the history of Scotland, the group on English history and the group on the history of European countries.In fact, Scott’s literary career marks the transition from romanticism to realism in English literature of the 19th century.Part Six: English Critical RealismChapter 2 DickensCharles Dickens critical realismDickens: Pickwick Papers, American Notes, Martin Chuzzlewit and Oliver Twist4) Dickens has often been compared Shakespeare for creative force and range of invention. “He and Shakespeare are the two unique popular classics that England has given to the world, and they are alike in being remember ed not for one masterpiece but for creative world.”David CopperfieldChapter 3 Thackeray2. Vanity Fair: A Novel Without a HeroVanity Fair is Thackeray’s masterpiece. characters: Amelia Sedley and Rebecca (Becky) SharpThackeray can be placed on the same level as Dickens, as one of the greatest critical realists of 19th-century Europe.Chapter 4 Some Women Novelists1. Jane Austen (1775-1817)She herself compared her work to a fine engraving made upon a little piece of ivory only two inches square.Jane Austen wrote 6 novels: Northanger Abbey, Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion.2. The Bronte SistersCharlotte’s maiden attempt at prose writing, the novel Professor, was rejected by the publisher, but her next novel Jane Eyre, appearing in 1847, brought her fame and placed her in the ranks of the foremost English realistic writers. Emily’s novel Wuthering Heights appeared in 1847. Anne: Agnes Grey4. George EliotMary Ann Evansthree remarkable novels: Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner3) Silas Marner:Critical realism was the main current of English literature in the middle of the19th century.Part Seven: Prose-Writers and Poets of the Mid and Late 19th Century Chapter 1 Carlylethe Victorian AgeChapter 3 Tennysonthe Victorian Age prose especially the novel1. Tennyson’s Life and CareerAlfred Tennyson, the most important poet of the Victorian Age.In the same year (1850) he was appointed poet laureate in succession to Wordsworth.Chapter 7 Literary Trends at the End of the Century1. NaturalismNaturalism is a literary trend prevailing in Europe, especially in France and Germany, in the second half of the 19th century.2. Neo-RomanticismStevenson was a representative of neo-romanticism in English literature.Treasure Island (masterpiece)3. AestheticismAestheticism began to prevail in Europe at the middle of the 19th century. The theory of “art for art’s sake” was first pu t forward by the French poet Theophile Gautier.The two most important representatives of aestheticists in English literature are Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde.2) Oscar Wilde dramatistLady Windermere’s Fan, 1893; A Woman of No Importance, 1894; An Ideal Husband and The Importance of Being Earnest, 1895The Importance of Being Earnest is his masterpiece in drama.Part Eight: Twentieth Century English Literature(Modernism)Chapter 2 English Novel of Early 20th Century3. Henry JamesHe is regarded as the forerunner of the “stream of consciousness” literature in the 20th century.Chapter 3 Hardy1. Life and WorkAmong his famous novels, Tess of the D’Urbervillies and Jude the Obscure.2. Tess of the D’Urbervilliescharacters: Tess, Alec D’Urbervillies and Angel ClareChapter 6 Bernard ShawChapter 8 Modernism in Poetry1. ImagismEzra PoundThe two most important English poets of the first half of 20th century are W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot.2. W. B. YeatsThe Wild Swans at Coole, Michael Robartes and the Dancer, The Tower and The Winding Stair T. S. Eliot has referred to Yeats as “the greatest poet of our age-certainly the greatest in this (i.e. English) language.”3. T. S. EliotThe Waste Land (1922) is dignifying the emergence of Modernism.T. S. Eliot was a leader of the modernist movement in English poetry and a great innovator of verse technique. He profoundly influenced 20th-century English poetry between World Wars 1 and 2.Chapter 9 The Psychological FictionModernist fiction put em phasis on the description of the character’s psychological activities, sometimes has been called modern psychological fiction. One of its pioneers is wrence. 1. D. H. LawrenceSons and Lovers (1913), the first of Lawrence’s important novels, is largely autobiographical. This shows the influence of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis,especially that of the “Oedipus complex.”The Rainbow, Women in Love and Lady Chatterley’s Lover3. James JoyceUlysses (1922)June 16, 1904character: Leopold BloomJames Joyce was one of the most original novelists of the 20th century.His masterpiece Ulysses has been called “a modern prose epic”.His admirers have praised him as “second only to Shakespeare in his mastery of the English language.”4. Virginia Woolf“high-brows”the Bloomsbury GroupVirginia Wolf’s first two novels, The Voyage Out and Night and Day.Jacob’s Room, Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse and OrlandoPart Nine: Poets and Novelists Who Wrote both before and after the SecondWorld WarChapter 5 E. M. ForsterEdward Morgan Forster the Bloomsbury Groupfour novels: Where Angels Fear to Tread, The Longest Journey,A Room with a View and Howards EndA Passage to India, published in 1924, is Forster’s masterpiece.In 1927, Forster published a book on the theory of fiction, Aspects of the Novel.Chapter 10 William GoldingWilliam Gerald GoldingHis first novel Lord of the FliesChapter 11 Doris LessingGolden Notebook。
英国文学史及选读第一册复习题(文档良心出品)
History and Anthology of English LiteratureI Multiple Choices1. The story of _________ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales2. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in _________.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey3. Utopia was written in the form of _________.A. proseB. dramaC. essayD. dialogue4. _________ is the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andre MarvellD. Henry Vaughan5. _________ is not written by William Blake.A. The Marriage of Heaven and HellB. Songs of ExperienceC. Auld Lang SyneD. Poetical Sketches6. “Some book are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.This sentence is taken from _________.s Oliver TwistA. Swift’s A Modest Proposal B.Dickens’s Tom Jones D. Bacon’s Of StudiesC. Fielding’7. Which poet is not the “Lake Poet”？A. William WordsworthB. S. T. ColeridgeC. SoutheyD. Keats8. Generally，the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries，itsessence is _________.A. ScienceB. ArtsC. PhilosophyD. Humanism9. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is thepopular literary form in _________.A. RomanticismB. RenaissanceC. medieval periodD. Anglo-Saxon period10. Gothic novels are mostly stories of ________, which take place in some haunted or dilapidatedMiddle Age castles.A. love and marriageB. sea adventuresC. mystery and horrorD. saints and martyrs11. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are _____.A. horses that are endowed with reasonB. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wisdomD. hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only inappearance but also in some other ways—Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of ________.12. John Milton’s masterpieceA. rhymed stanzasB. blank verseC. alliterationD. sonnets13. Which of the following has / have associations with John Donne’s poetry?A. reason and sentimentB. conceits and witsC. the euphuismD. writing in the rhymed couplet14. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, itsessence is _______.A. scienceB. philosophyC. artsD. humanism15. The School for Scandal by Richard Brisley Sheridan has been regarded as the best _______since Shakespeare.A. tragedyB. proseC. comedyD. fableII Match( ) 1. Paradise Lost A. John Bunyan( ) 2. Tristram Shandy B. Oliver Goldsmith( ) 3. of Truth C. Geoffery Chaucer( ) 4. The Vicar of Wakefield D. Henry Fielding( ) 5. Canterbury Tales E. Jonathan Swift( ) 6. Tom Jones F. Samuel Richardson( ) 7. Gulliver’s Travels G. Edmund Spensers Progress H. Francis Bacon( ) 8. The Pilgrim’( ) 9. Pamela I. Laurence Sterne( )10. The Fairy Queen J. John MiltonIII Literary Terms (Choose Five of them to illustrate in English)1. Epic2. Romance3. Blank verse4. Sonnet5. Allegory6. Heroic couplet7. Comedy8. Tragedy9. Sentimentalism 10. EnlightenmentIV Poem Analysis(1)Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometimes declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Questions:1. Who writes this poem? _____________________2. What type of this poem belongs to? _____________________A. SonnetB. BalladC. OdeD. Elegyodern English? _____________________3. What does “thee” mean in m4. What does “the eye of heaven” refer to? _____________________5. What’s the rhyme scheme of this poem? _____________________Try to give some examples.6. What’s the rhetorical devices used in this poem?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)O my luve 's like a red, red roseThat 's newly sprung in June:O my Luve 's like the melodieThat's sweetly play'd in tune!As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,So deep in luve am I:And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a' the seas gang dry:Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi' the sun;I will luve thee still, my dear,While the sands o' life shall run.And fare thee weel, my only Luve,And fare thee weel a while!And I will come again, my Luve,Though it were ten thousand mile.Questions:1. Who write this poem? _____________________2. What’s the title of this poem? _____________________3. What does the poet compare red rose to? _____________________4. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? _____________________5. Illustrate the first stanza in English in your own words._____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________V Conclude the main story of the literary work and make your own comments.Directions: There are four literary works listed as follows. Choose two of them to write down the main idea and make some comments on them.1. Tome Jones2. Robinson Crusoe3. Hamlets Travels4. Gulliver’。
(完整word版)英国文学史学生复习资料
I.Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. (30 points inall, 1.5 point for each)1. ( ) Edmund Spenser A. Women In Love2. ( ) Oliver Goldsmith B. Sense and Sensibility;3. ( ) Laurence Sterne C. Queen Mab4. ( ) Daniel Defoe D. Young Goodman Brown5. ( ) Henry Fielding E. The Portrait of A Lady6. ( ) George Gordon Byron F. The Sound and the Fury7. ( ) Percy Bysshe Shelley G. The Great Gatsby8. ( ) Jane Austen H. For Whom the Bell Tolls9. ( ) Sir Walter Scott I. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage10. ( ) Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell J. The Faerie Queene11. ( ) George Eliot K. Ivanhoe12. ( ) John Galsworthy L. Mary Barton13. ( ) William Shakespeare M. The Forsyte Saga14. ( ) Nathaniel Hawthorne N. Robinson Crusoe15. ( ) Henry James O. Tom Jones16. ( ) Theodore Dreiser P. The Vicar of Wakefield17. ( ) Scott Fitzgerald Q. A Sentimental Journey18. ( ) Ernest Hemingway R. American Tragedy19. ( ) William Faulkner S. Middlemarch20. ( ) David Herbert Lawrence T. Othello1-10 JPQNO ICBKL 11-20 SMTDE RGHFAplete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. (20 points in all, 2 points for each)1.The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the ______, who migrated to the British Islesabout 600 B.C. .2.The Anglo-Saxons were heathen people before they accepted ______.3.After the Norman conquest, Latin and ______ were the languages of the upper class,spoken at courts and used in churches and schools.4.______ in the 14th century claimed the lives of one third of the whole population in Europe.5.The House of Lancaster and the House of York fought the Thirty Years’ War from 1455 to1485, the House of York using ______ as its emblem.6.The Elizabethan spectators paid a penny to stand throughout the performance in the pitwere called ______.7.Sonnets was first written by the Italian poet ______ who wrote them to a lady named Laura.8.As a philosopher Bacon is praised by Marx as “______” because he stressed the importanceof experience, or experiment.9.Pope translated the entire “______”and half of the “Odyssey”, the other half beingtranslated by two Cambridge scholars.10.The Rape of the Lock is a brilliant satire written in the form of a ______ poem.1. the Celts2. Christianity3. French4. Black Death5. a white rose6. groundlings7. Petrarch8. the progenitor of English materialism9. Iliad10. mock-heroicIII.Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20 points in all, 2 points for each)1.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events，whichone of the following is NOT such an event?A. The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture .B. England’s domestic rest.C. New discovery in geography and astrology.D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.2._________ is the successful religious allegory in the English language.A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersC. The Life and Death of Mr. BadmanD. The Holy War3.Generally，the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries，its essence is _________A. scienceB. philosophyC. artsD. humanism4.Among the representatives of the Enlightenment，who was the first to introduce rationalismto England?A. John BunyanB. Daniel DefoeC. Alexander PopeD. Jonathan Swift5.It is _________ alone who，for the first time in English literature，presented to us acomprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from ail walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Martin LutherC. William LanglandD. John Gower6.In A Tale of Two Cities, the "two cities" refer to London and _________.A. DublinB. ParisC. New YorkD. Vienna7.The Lyrical Ballads written by Wordsworth and Coleridge was published in ________.A. 1789B. 1798C. 1829D. 19038._______ is the representative of Aestheticism and Decadence in English literature.A. R. L. StevensonB. Oscar WildeC. Samuel ButlerD. Charles Dickens9.Which of the following novels does not belong to the "stream of consciousness" school ofnovel writing?A. UlyssesB. Mrs. DallowayC. The RainbowD. To the Lighthouse10.The unquenchable spirit of Robinson Crusoe struggling to maintain a substantial existenceon a lonely island reflects _________A. man’s desire to return to natureB. the author’s criticism of the colonizationC. the ideal of the rising bourgeoisieD. the aristocrat s’disillusionment of the harsh social reality1-5 BADCA 6-10 DABCCIV.Explain the following literary terms. (12 points in all, 4 points for each)1.Renaissance2.The War of Roses3.Morality PlayV.Chose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. (15 points in all,1.5 points for each)A. Find out the author and his work.1.( ) Thomas More a. Gorge Green2.( ) Edmund Spencer b. Eupheus3.( ) John Lyly c. The Fairy Queene4.( ) Christopher Marlowe d. Utopia5.( ) Robert Greene e. The Jew of MaltaB. Find out the work from column on the left and its content from column on theright.6.( ) Il Penseroso a. attack on the censorship7.( ) Lycidas b. defense of the Revolution8.( ) Defense for the English People c. about dear friend9.( ) Areopagitica d. Satan against God10.( ) Paradise Lost e. meditationA. Find out the author and his work.1-5 d c b e aB. Find out the work from column on the left and its content from column on theright.6-10 e c b a dVI.Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write T or F in the brackets. (15 points in all, 1.5 points for each)1.( ) The author of The Song of Beowulf is Cynwulf.2.( ) The setting of The Song of Beowulf is in Scotland.3.( ) Alfred the Great compiles The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.4.( ) Venerable Bede wrote The Ecclesiastic History of the English people.5.( ) The author of Paraphrase is Caedmon.6.( ) Chaucer’s poetry traces out a path to the literature of English renaissance.7.( ) Being specially fond of the great writer Boccaccio, Chaucer composes a longnarrative poem Filostrato based upon Boccaccio’s poem Troilus and Cressie.8.( ) The 32 pilgrims, according to Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that ofBo ccaccio’s Decameron.9.( ) The Prologue is a splendid masterpiece of Romantic portrayal, the first of itskind in the history of English literature.10.( ) The Canterbury Tales is a vivid and brilliant reflection of 15th century ofEngland.1-10 F F T T T T F T F Fplete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. (20 points in all, 2 points for each)11.The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the ______, who migrated to the BritishIsles about 600 B.C. .12.Geoffrey Chaucer, the “______”and one of the greatest narrative poets of England,was born in London in about the year 1340.13.The ______ provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury Tales, and itcomprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.14.In contradiction to the _______ verse of Anglo-Saxon poetry, Chaucer chose themetrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonico-syllabic verse.15.The House of Lancaster and the House of York fought the Thirty Years’War from1455 to 1485, the House of York using ______ as its emblem.16.The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of ______ relations andthe establishing of the foundations of capitalism.17.Sonnets was first written by the Italian poet ______ who wrote them to a lady namedLaura.18.As a philosopher Bacon is praised by Marx as “______”because he stressed theimportance of experience, or experiment.19.______ is often referred to as “the poets’ poet”.20.The Rape of the Lock is a brilliant satire written in the form of a ______ poem.21.Celts 2. Father of English Poetry 3. Prologue 4. Alliterative 5. a white rose 6.feudal7.Petrarch8.the progenitor of English materialism9.Edmund Spencer10. mock-heroicVIII.Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20 points in all, 2 points for each)1.About Edmund Spencer which of the following statements is not true?A. He was educated in Cambridge.B. His father was the Keeper of the Privy Seal to Queen Elizabeth.C. He interacted with Philip Sidney.D. He wrote “Epithalamion” to his love affair with Elizabeth Boyle2.About the Renaissance humanists which of the following statements is true?A. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the presentlife.C. They couldn't see the human values in their works.D. They thought people were largely subordinated to the ruling class without anyfreedom and independence.3.In his tragedy Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare eulogizes _____.A. the faithfulness of loveB. the spirit of pursuing happinessC. the heroine's great beauty, wit and loyaltyD. both a and b4.One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is _____.A. the flourishing of the dramaB. the popularity of the realistic novelC. the domination of the classical poetryD. the close-down of all the theatres5.Which of the following is not John Milton's works?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Othello6.Tempest is a typical example of Shakespeare______ view of life towards human lifeand society in his late years.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. satiricalD. none of the above7.______ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England, while ______ brought in blankverse, ie. The unrhymed iambic pentameter line.A. Wyatt…SurreyB. Wyatt…SidneyC. Surrey…SidneyD. Sidney…Spencer8.Christopher Marlowe’s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the ______ andmade it the principal medium of English drama.A. blank verseB. free verseC. sonnetD. alliteration9.Christian is the character in ______.A. The Life and Death of Mr. BadmanB. The Pilgrim’s ProgressC. Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersD. None of the above10.The significance of The Canterbury Tales excludes:A. A comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time.B. The dramatic structure of the poem.C. Chaucer’s humour.D. “Round” characters.11.The ceremony of May Day comes from the tradition of _______.A. The CeltsB. The SaxonsC. The NormansD. The Angles1-5 BBBAD 6-10 AABDAII. Definitions of literary terms (1’×10=10’):1. A group of dramatists active in the 1950s, who believed that human life was meaningless andabsurd and that the world was irrational _____________.[A] the angry young men [B] the beat generation[C] the theatre of the absurd [D] dramatist of black humour2.A long narrative poem about the deeds of some national hero(es) ____________.[A] a lyric [B] an epic[C] a sonnet [D] a satirical poem3. A poem describing the life and love of shepherds and shepherdesses__________.[A] an eclogue [B] a pastoral poem[C] a lyric poem [D] a narrative poem4. The unconscious tendency of a son to be attached to his mother and hostile toward his father_______[A] psychoanalysis [B] Oedipus complex[C] inferiority complex [D] interpretation of dreams5. Works in prose or poetry meant to ridicule and correct the follies and vices of the society and of the individuals ___________.[A] sentimentalism [B] Neo-classicism[C] allegory [D] satire6. Traditionally a song that tells a story which became a form of poetry later __________[A] a folk song [B] a sonnet[C] a ballad [D] romance7. A long piece of poetry or prose describing the adventures and love of a medieval knight _________.[A] romance [B] epic[C] ballad [D] narrative poem or prose8.Two lines of poetry in iambic pentameter rhymed aa ____________.[A] sonnet [B] ballad[C] ode [D] heroic couplet9. Unrhymed poetry in iambic pentameter ____________.[A] free verse [B] blank verse[C] sonnet [D] heroic couplet10. A story in verse or prose with a double meaning, a surface meaning and an under-the-surface meaning ________[A] allegory [B] romance[C] satire [D] ballad1 C2 B 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A1. The technique to describe various thoughts and feelings that pass through the mind _____________.[A] the angry young men [B] stream of consciousness[C] the theatre of the absurd [D] black humour2. Poetry or prose describing the adventures and love of a medieval knight ____________.[A] a romance [B] an epic[C] a sonnet [D] a satirical poem3. A poem describing the life and love of shepherds and shepherdesses__________.[A] a pastoral [B] an eclogue[C] a lyric poem [D] a narrative poem4. The unconscious tendency of a son to be attached to his mother and hostile toward his father_______[A] psychoanalysis [B] Oedipus complex[C] inferiority complex [D] interpretation of dreams5. Works in prose or poetry meant to ridicule and correct the follies and vices of the society and of the individuals ___________.[A] sentimentalism [B] Neo-classicism[C] allegory [D] satire6. Traditionally a song that tells a story which became a form of poetry later __________[A] a ballad [B] a sonnet[C] a folk song [D] romance7. A long piece of poetry or prose describing the adventures and love of a medieval knight _________.[A] romance [B] epic[C] ballad [D] narrative poem or prose8.Two lines of poetry in iambic pentameter rhymed aa ____________.[A] sonnet [B] ballad[C] ode [D] heroic couplet9. Unrhymed poetry in iambic pentameter ____________.[A] free verse [B] blank verse[C] sonnet [D] heroic couplet10. A story in verse or prose with a double meaning, a surface meaning and an under-the-surface meaning ________[A] ballad [B] romance[C] satire [D] allegory1 B2 .A 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.DIII. Matching authors with corresponding works(1’×20=20’)1.Thomas More a. Sons and Lovers2.Geoffrey Chaucer b. Mrs. Dalloway3. Edmund Spenser c. Tess of the D’Urbervilles4. Christopher Marlowe d. Pride and Prejudice5.George Bernard Shaw e. The Pickwick Papers6.Ben Jonson f. Ivanhoe7. John Milton g.Vanity Fair8. Jonathan Swift h.Don Juan9. James Joyce i.Ode to the West Wind10. Richard B. Sheridan j. V olpone11.William Wordsworth k.Samson Agonistes12.George Gordon Byron l.Finnegans Wake13.Percy Bysshe Shelley m.The School for Scandal14.Walter Scott n. Lyrical Ballads15.Charles Dickens o.Widowers’ Houses16. W. M. Thackeray p.The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus17.Jane Austen q.Faerie Queene18.Thomas Hardy r.The Canterbury Tales19.D. H. Lawrence s. Utopia20. Virginia Woolf t.Gulliver’s Travels1.s2.r3.q4.p5.o6.j7.k8.t9.l 10.m11.n 12.h 13.i 14.f 15.e 16.g 17.d 18.c 19.a 20.b1.William Shakepeare2.Samuel Johnson3. John Keats4. Christopher Marlowe5.George Bernard Shaw6.Ben Jonson7. John Milton 8.Daniel Defoe9. James Joyce 10. Richard B. Sheridan11.Geofrey Chaucer 12.George Gordon Byron13.Percy Bysshe Shelley 14.Walter Scott15.George Bernard Shaw 16. William Makepeace Thackeray17.Jane Austen 18.Thomas Hardy19.D. H. Lawrence 20. Virginia Woolfa. Tamburlaine the Greatb.A Dictionary of the English Languagec. King Leard. Major Barbarae. Pride and Prejudicef. Ivanhoeg.Vanity Fair h.Don Juani.Promethus Unbound j. V olponek.Samson Agonistes l.Finnegans Wakem.The School for Scandal n. Robinson Crusoeo..Widowers’ Houses p.Sons and Loversq.To the Lighthouse r.Tess of the D’Urbervilless.Ode to the Nightingale t.The Canterbury Tales1.c2.b3.s4.a5.o6.j7.k8.n9.l 10.m 11.t 12.h 13.i 14.f 15.d 16.g 17.e 18.r 19.p 20.qIV Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (2’×10=20’)12.About Edmund Spencer which of the following statements is not true?A. He was educated in Cambridge.B. His father was the Keeper of the Privy Seal to Queen Elizabeth.C. He interacted with Philip Sidney.D. He wrote “Epithalamion” to his love affair with Elizabeth Boyle13.About the Renaissance humanists which of the following statements is true?A. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the presentlife.C. They couldn't see the human values in their works.D. They thought people were largely subordinated to the ruling class without anyfreedom and independence.14.In his tragedy Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare eulogizes _____.A. the faithfulness of loveB. the spirit of pursuing happinessC. the heroine's great beauty, wit and loyaltyD. both a and b15.One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is _____.A. the flourishing of the dramaB. the popularity of the realistic novelC. the domination of the classical poetryD. the close-down of all the theatres16.Which of the following is not John Milton's works?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Othello1-5 BBBAD6．In A Tale of Two Cities, the "two cities" refer to London and _________.A. DublinB. ParisC. New YorkD. Vienna7．The Lyrical Ballads written by Wordsworth and Coleridge was published in ________.A. 1789B. 1798C. 1829D. 19038．_______ is the representative of Aestheticism and Decadence in English literature.A. R. L. StevensonB. Oscar WildeC. Samuel ButlerD. Charles Dickens9．Which of the following novels does not belong to the "stream of consciousness" school of novel writing?A. UlyssesB. Mrs. DallowayC. The RainbowD. To the Lighthouse10．The unquenchable spirit of Robinson Crusoe struggling to maintain a substantial existence on a lonely island reflects _________A. man’s desire to return to natureB. the author’s criticism of the colonizationC. the ideal of the rising bourgeoisieD. the aristocrats’disillusionment of the harsh social reality6-10 DABCCV. Essay Questions (30%; choose only ONE of the following five topics and write a short essay of at least 200 words.)1. How much do you know about the English literature in the Victorian period?pare any two periods in the history of English literature with reference to ideological tendencies and literary trends (Find out their similarities and differences by using major writers as examples).3.Describe how your knowledge of English literature is improved after taking this course.4.Analyze why in English literature Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest playwright or why Dickens is regarded as the greatest novelist.5. Why is Thomas Hardy often regarded as a transitional writer?6．How much do you know about Romanticism?7. How much do you know about the Enlightenment Movement and Neoclassicism?8. Analyze the characteristics of the Renaissance period and the Victorian age.9. Discuss why Dickens is regarded as the greatest novelist in English Literature10.Through Hamlet in Hamlet, please analyze the theme of this novel.11. What is Utopia about?12.What is the social significance of The Canterbury TalExplain the following literary terms. (18 points in all, 6 points for each)4.The Rising of 13815.John Locke6.Humanism。
英国文学复习题.docx
LiteratureI. Fill in the blanks （15 空）II. Choose the best answer for each blank・（10 空）1・After the fall of the Roman Empire 帝国and the withdrawal 撤退of Roman troops from Albion, the aboriginal 土著的Celtic 凯尔特 A population of the larger part of the island was soon conquered 征月艮and almost totally exterminated by the Teutonic 日耳曼人的tribes of Angles , Saxons , and Jutes who came from the continent and settled in the island, naming its central part England. 2・For nearly 400 years prior to the coming of the English, British had been a Roman province. In 410A.D. , the Rome withdrew 撤回their legions 古罗马军团from Britain to protect herself against swarms of Teutonic invaders・3. The literature of early period falls naturally into two divisions, paqan 异教徒and Christian ・The former represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral saqas 长篇英雄故事，the crude material out of which literature was slowly developed on English soil；the later represents the writings developed under the teaching of the monks ・4. Among the early Anglo-Saxon poets we may mention Caedmon who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and who wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the Bible・5. The Sonq of Beowulf can be justly termed 称为England's national epic and its hero Beowulf --------- o ne of the national heroes of the English people・6. The Song of Beowulf reflects events which took place on the Continent approximately at the beginning of the 6th century, when the forefathers of the Jutes lived in the southern part of the Scandinavian peninsula 斯堪的纟内维亚半岛and maintained close relations with kindred tribes, e.g. With the Danes who lived on the other side of the straits・7. In the year_1066 ___ , at the battle of _Hastings _______ , the__ Normans ____ h eaded by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons・8. In the tenth century the Normans conquered a part of northern France, which is still called Normandy, and rapidly adopted 采纟内French civilization and the French lanquaae.9. The literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure 冒险,in markedcontrast with the strength 力量and somberness 忧郁of Anglo・Saxon poetry.10. (英语的形成)Anglo-Saxon speech simplified 简化itself by dropping of its Teutonic in flections, absorbed eventually a large part of the French vocabulary and became the English language・ 10. English literature is also a combination of _French_and _Saxon_ elements.(选)11. At first the new literature was remarkably varied, but of small intrinsic 本质白勺worth; and very little of it is now read・ In our study we have noted (a) Geoffrey's History, which is valuable as a source book of literature, since it contains the n ative Celtic lege nds of Arthur;(b) the work of the French writers, who made the Arthurian 亚瑟王的legends popular; (c) Riming Chronicles编年史, i.e. history in doggerel 打油诗verse, like Laysmon J s Brut; (d) Metrical Romances 韵律拉丁语，or tales in verse.12 In contradistinction to the alliterative verse of Anglo-Saxon poetry, Chaucer chose the metrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonico-svllbic verse・13. Chaucer's masterpiece is The Canterburv Tales, one of the most famous works in all literature・ He created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country in this poem.14. Ballads are anonymous 匿名的narrative songs that have been preserved 力口工by oral transmission 口头相传.(T解选择)15. The 16th century in England was 繁荣昌盛的prosperous and flourishing.出现：(1 )the qentrv 新贵,the main supporters of the absolute monarchy 君主制度・(2) the class of bourgeoisie屮产阶级.(选择)16. The revolution of 1688 meant three things: (1) the supremacy of Parliament 至高无上的议会；(2) the beginning of modern England; (3) the final triumph 胜利of the principle of political liberty 自市of Puritan 清教徒17, John Donne ------metaphvsical poet 玄学诗18. John Bunyan ------ biblical allegory 圣经寓言(biblical include biblical allegorical epic 叙事诗and biblical allegory)(选择)19- The Puritan Age was one of confusion. The Puritan believed in simplicity 朴素of life・11 .There are various kinds of ballads _historical _____ ,_legendary ____ , _fantastical ______ , _lyrical ____ , and_humorous ____ .12. The name of the “jolly innkeeper” in The Canterbury Tales isHarry Baily ____, who proposes that each pilgrim of the_group __ should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and twomore on the way back.14. Shakespeare's first original play written in about 1590 was_King Henry Vl_・15. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and _Macbeth __________ are generally regarded as Shakespeare's four great tragedies・16. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of _Queen Elizabeth I _____ .17. Bacon's works may be divided into three classes, the_philosophical ____ , the」iterary ________ , the_professional _____ works ・18. Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the English national state this period is marked by a flourishing of national culture known as the__ Renaissance ______ .19. Edmund Spenser was the author of the greatest epic poem of _The Fairy Queen ______ ・20. Anglo-Saxon poets typically used _alliterative ________ v erse, a form of verse that uses _alliteration ___________ as the principal structuring device to unify lines of poetry.21. The British legend of King Arthur was important in defining the ideal of _chivalry _______ which is essential to the Europeanconcept of the knight as an elite warrior who swear to uphold the values of _faith ______ , _courage _____ , _loyalty _______ and honor.22. As a literary genre of high culture, _ Roma nee is a style of heroic prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They were fantastic stories about the marvelous adventures of a chivalrous, heroic knight errant, often of super-human ability, who often goes on a quest.23. _______ lambic pentameter ____ is a line made up of five pairs of short/long, or unstressed/stressed, syllables・24. A ___ heroic couplet ____ is a traditional form for Englishpoetry constructed from a sequenee of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines・ Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in theLegend of Good Women and the Canterbury Tales・ Chaucer is also widely credited with first extensive use of _____________ iambic pentameter ______ .25. _An epic ______ is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarilyconcerning ____ a serious subject ___________ containingdetails of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture ornation.26. In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer believes in the right ofman to ___ earthly happiness ______ ・ He is anxious to see man freed from _______ s uperstitions and a blind belief in___ f ate_・He is also keen to praise man's _energy_______ ,adroitness, _intellect _________ , quick wit and the love for_life _______ ・27. ___ Ballad _____ i s generally a narrative poem of no greatlength, without any known author or any mark of individualauthorship ・28. _____ Blank verse ___ i s a type of poetry, distinguished byhaving a regular meter, but no rhyme・ This technique releases the new power and ____ flexibility _____ of the poetry.29. A ______ sonnet_ consists of 14 lines, and each line iswri社en in iambic pentameter in which a pattern of anunemphasized syllable followed by an emphasized syllable isrepeated five times. The rhyme scheme is _ABAB CDCD EFEF GG _____________________ ・30. Francis Bacon, a representative of the Renaissance inEngland, is a well-known philosophy, scientist and writer. His “___ Essays __ ,5 is the first example of the genre in Englishliterature, recognized as an important Iandmark in the development of prose・IL Choose the best answer for each blank.I. ______________________________ The most important work of _______________________________ A __ is the Anglo-SaxonChronicles, which is regarded as the best monument of the oldEnglish prose・a. Alfred the Greatb. Caedmonc. Cynewulfd. Venerable Bede2. Who is the monster half-human who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf? Ca. Hrothgat. b・ Heorot.c. Grendel.d. Beowulf.3. _A ____ is the first important religious poet in English Literature.a. Cynewulf b・ Caedmonc. Shakespeare・d. Adam Bede4. Who is the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England? Ba. Christopher Marlowb. Geoffrey Chaucerc. W. Shakespeared. Alfred the Great5. Chaucer's earliest work of any length is his “_C _____ ” a translation of the French “Roman de la Rose" by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but through Europe・a. Troilus and Criseydeb. A Red, Red Rosec. Romance of the Rosed. Piers the PlowmanIII.连线题1. Thomas More ------ Utopia ----- ut forward his ideal of a futurehappy society2. Francis Bacon ------ essays 散文3. Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard ------------ f irst to introduce thesonnet into English literature.4. Edmund Spenser ------- t he greatest epic poem of the time TheFairy Queen.5. John Lyly ----- "euphuism1华丽辞藻6. Christopher Marlowe --------- made blank verse the principalvehicle of expression in drama.把无韵诗变成戏剧基本表达形式7. John Bunyan ----- biblical allegory圣经寓言8. Richard Steele ----- a moralistic journal The Spectator9. Alexander Pope ----- “whatever is, is right”------ prosody 韵文学10. Daniel Defoe ----- Robinson Crusoe11. Henry Fielding and Tobias George Smollet -------------- the realfounders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel 现实主义12. Samuel Richardson --------- enriched European literature withthe method of psychological analysis 心理分析；display an interest in the innermost 最深处最隐私的life of an in dividual.13. Jonathan Swift ------ Gulliver's Travels.15. (sentimentalism 感伤主义)Oliver Goldsmith Wakefield16. --------------------------------------------------------------- (sentimentalism 感伤主义)Thomas Gray -------------------------------------- ElegyDecide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets ・1. (F ) The author of The Song of Beowulf is Cynewulf.2. ( F ) The setting of The Song of Beowulf is in Scotland.3. ( T ) The author of Paraphrase is Caedmon.4. ( T ) The 32 pilgrims, according to Chaucer's plan, was to exceed that of Brancaccio's Decahedron.5. (F ) The Prologue is a splendid masterpiece of Romantic portray, the first of its kind in the history of English literature.6. ( F ) The Canterbury Tales is a vivid and brilliant reflection of 15thcentury in England.7. ( T) Chaucer's poetry traces out a path to the literature of English Renaissance ・IV. Define the literary terms listed below.1 .Alliteration: the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words that are close together ,as in sing a song of sixpence ・ 14. Richard B. Sheridan School for Scandal 造谣学校 The Vicar of2. Epic: is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning aserious subject containing details of heroic deeds andevents significant to a culture or nation.I. Fill in the following blanks.II. Define the literature terms listed below・1・Canto: one of the sections of a long poem/one of the parts into which a very long poem is divided・2. Legend:a story from ancient times about people and events, that may or may be not true・3. Arthurian Legend.（亚瑟，欧洲古老传说中的不列颠王.）III. Read the excerpt of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Carefully, and then make a brief comment on it.IV. Answer the following questions・1・What is the con sequence of the Norma n Conquest?2. Make a brief survey of the Middle English literature.I. Fill in the following blanks.・ Choose the best answer.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets・IV. Define the literary terms listed below・1. Romance: is a literary form in medieval England about the stories of knights・ It's a long narrative composition in verse or in prose・ In the romance, it reflects the noble life, reflecting three kinds of matters・2 Ballad: Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission・3. English Renaissance: P664. Sonnet: A Shakespearean 5or English sonnet consists of 14 lines, each line contains ten syllables, and each line is written in iambic pentameter in which a Patten of an unemphasized syllable followed by an emphasized syllable is repeated five time. The rhyme scheme in a Shakespean sonnet is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG・ 5・ Blank Verse: is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme, usually with ten syllables and five stresses in each line syllables・。
(有答案)17th英国文学史复习题.doc
The Period of Revolution and RestorationBl. During the "Glorious Revolution^, ______ was expelled and William was invited from Holland to be the King of England in 1688A.James IB. James IIC. Charles ID. Charles IIC2. Which one of the following work is not written by John Milton?A.Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC・ Julius Caesar D. Samson AgonistesD3. Which one of the following work is not written in John Miton^s blindness?A.Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. On His Deceased WifeD. Defence of the English PeopleC4. John MiltorTs best known prose work ____ ，as a declaration of people's freedom of the press, has been a weapon in the later democratic revolutionary struggles A・Lycidas B. Of Reformation in EnglandC. AeropagiticaD. Defence of the English PeopleB5. The epic of Paradise Lost is based on the stories from _____A.The New TestamentB. The Old TestamentC The Ancient Greek Myths D. The Ancient Roman MythsA6. John Bunyan uses the everyday world of common experience as a metaphor for the spiritual journey of the soul toward God in his _________A.The Pilgrim^s Progress B・ LycidasC・ The Faerie Queene D・ Don JuanD7. Who does not belong to the Metaphysical school?A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andrew MarvellD. Robert Herrick C8. is an elaborate metaphor comparing two apparently dissimilar objects oremotions, often with an effect of shock or surpriseA. Soliloquy B・ Allegory C・ Conceit D. ForeshadowingA9. The Restoration comedy mainly provides amusement for _____A. the upper classB. the middle classC. the lower classD. the royal courtDIO. The following characteristics belong to the metaphysical poetry represented by John Donne except ______A. conceitsB. actual imagery and simple dictionC・ argumentative form D. elegant styleCll. In Paradise Lost, Satan says "We may with more successful hope resolve/To wage by force or guile eternal war,/Irreconcilable to our grand Foe". What does the "Eternal war” mean?A.To remove God from his throneB.To burn the Heaven downC.To corrupt God，s creation of man and woman一Adam and EveD.To beguile into a snake to threaten man5s lifeC12・ Paradise Lost is ___ masterpiece, which is an epic in 12 books, written in blank verse, about the heroic revolt of Satan against GocTs authorityA. John DonneB. Christopher MarloweC. John MiltonD. Spenser D13. The following description fits into Milton except _____________A.a great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryB.an outstanding political pamphleteerC.a great stylist and master of blank verseD.a kind of elegant and refine styleC14. ____ is the most successful religious allegory in the English languageA. Genesis AB. The Holy WarC・ The Pilgrim^ Progress D・ ExodusB15. The true subject of John Donners poem, “The Sun Rising，： is to __A.attack the sun as unruly servantB.give compliments to the mistress and her power of beautyC・ criticize the surTs intrusion into the lover9s private lifeD・ lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lieDI6. The phrase "to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and to seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils'，may well sum up the implied meaning of ______A. Gulliver's TravelsB. The Rape of the LockC・ Robinson Crusoe D・ The Pilgrim's ProgressC17. In The Pilgrim^s Progress, John Bunyan describes The Vanity Fair in a _______ toneA. delightfulB. satiricalC. sentimentalD. solemnA18・__ , poet, playwright, and critic, was the most distinguished literary figure of the Restoration PeriodA. John DrydenB. John BunyanC. John DonneD. Robert Burton AB19. Who of the following were the important metaphysical poets? ________________________ •A. John DonneB. George HerbertC.John MiltonD. Richard LovelaceAB20. John Milton wrote a number of pamphlets defending the English People. Choose them from the following _____ .A.Defiance of the English PeopleB.Second Defiance of the English PeopleC.L' AllegroD.Il PonderosaABC21. Which works were written by John Milton? ___ •A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistsD. VulpineABCD22. Paradise Lost is _______ .A・ John Milton^s masterpieceB・A great epic in 12 booksC.written in blank verseD.about the heroic revolt of Satan against GocTs authorityC23. John Milton wrote his best-known prose work, ______ , in the form of a speech addressed to the House of Parliament, I n which he appealed for the freedom of the press.A. Of Reformation in EnglishB. LucidaC・ Areopagitica D. U AllegroABCD24. Ben Johnson ______ .A.was the first poet laureate in the history of English literatureB.was a productive playwrightC.wrote a great number of comediesD.was the author of VulpineABC25. In his blindness, Milton wrote his most important poetic works, such as •A. Paradise Lost B. Samson AgonistsC. Paradise RegainedD. The Pilgrim^s ProgressCD26. The main literary form of the seventeenth century was poetry・ Among the poets, John Milton was the greatest. Besides him, there were two groups of poets. They areA. the lake poetsB. the university witsC. the Metaphysical poetsD. the Cavalier poetsE.the Active Romantic poetsABCD27. Choose the poets who belong to the Cavalier group. ______ .A. Sir John SucklingB. Richard LovelaceC. Thomas CarewD. Robert HerrickE・ Andrew Marvell F. George HerbertC28. To His Coy Mistress is one of _____ f amous poems.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andrew MarvellD. Richard CrashawB29. Another school of poetry prevailing in 17th century was that of ________ , i . e •those verse-writers, often knights and squires, who sided with the King against the Parliament and Puritans.A. Metaphysical PoetsB. Cavalier PoetsC. John MiltonD. John DrydenD30. During this period of revolution and counter-revolution, ______ turned with the tide and always placed himself on the winning side. Thus, he has been called a time-saver by some critics.A. John MiltonB. John BunyanC.John DonneD. John DrydenA31. Which work was written by John Dryden? ____ •A.Absalom and AcidophilB.Annuls MirabilisC・ Alexander^ FeastD.Devotion upon Emergent OccasionsD32. _____ i s shown in John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress.A. UtopianismB. IdealismC・ Realism D. PuritanismB33. The Pilgrim^s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for ______ .A. material wealthB. spiritual salvationMark each statement True or False1./Satan, as the spirit questioning the authority of God, is the real hero of ParadiseLost T2.William Shakespeare and John Dryden have always been regarded as two patternsof English verse. F3./Between the Metaphysicals and the Cavaliers there is a similar awareness ofmortality, which is expressed as an intense melancholy by the former, and by the latter as a bitter consciousness of the transitoriness of human glory and joy. T 4.John Dryden wrote a lot of plays. One of them is Aasalom and Achitophel, atragedy dealing with the story as Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra・ F5.The main literary achievements of the 17th century lies in the poetry of JohnMilton, in the prose writing of John Donne, and in the plays and literary criticism of John Dryden. F6./While in Cambridge, Milton wrote his first important work, On the Morning ofChrist's Nativity. T7./John Donne's poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyricsand the sacred verse. T8./George Herbert expresses his religious piety in The Alta匚T9./Robert Burton's masterpiece is The Anatomy of Melancholy, which claims tooffer the definition, symptoms, causes, properties and cure of melancholy, i.e.human disorder, especially love melancholy and religious melancholy. T10.In 165& Thomas Browne published another work, Religio Medici, written for theforty or fifty Roman funeral urns unearthed near Norwich. F11./Jeremy Taylor is best remembered for his Holy Living and Holy Dying, bothwritten to help the Anglican royalists during the reign of the Commonwealth・ T 12./The work that made Izaak Walton famous is The Compleat Angler, published in1653, during the period of fullest triumph of the Puritan revolution. T13.English literature in the 17th century, withnessed a flourish in a whole. F14.The Revolution Period is also called Age of Milton because it produced a greatpoet whose name is William Milton・ F15./The main literary form in literature of Revolution Period is poetry. T16.Among the English poets during the Revolution Period, John Donne was thegreatest one. F17.The greatest epic produced by Milton, Paradise Lost, is written in heroic couplet.F18.The peom of Samson \gonistes was “to justify the ways of God to man^\i.e.toadvocate submission to the Almighty. F19.It has been noticed by many critics that the picture of Satan surrounded by hisangels, who never think of expressing any opinions of their own, resembles the court of an abstract monarch. F20.In the field of prose writing of the Puritan Age, John Milton occupies the mostimportant place. F21./The Pilgrim's Progress is one of the most popular pieces of Christian writingproduced during the Puritan Age. T22./John Bunyan's masterpiece ,the Pilgrim's Progress, is a narrative in whichgeneral concepts such as sins, despair, and faith are represented as people or as aspects of the natural world. T23./John Dryden is the most excellent representative of English classicism in theRestoration Period. T24.In his An Essay of Dramatic Poesy. John Bunyand showed his famousappreciation of Shakespeare. F25./Dryden wrote about 27 plays. The famous one is Ml for Love, a tragedy dealingwith the same story as Shadespeare\ Antony and Cleopatra. T26./The main literary achievements of the 17th century lies in the poetry of JohnMilton, in the prose writing of John Bunyand, and in the plays and literarycriticism of John Dryden. T27.Satan is the hero in Milton^s masterpiece Prometheus Unbound. F28./The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized, generally speaking, bymysticism in content and fantasticality in fonri. T29.John Donne was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the18th century. FBlanks1.The bourgeoisie expelled James II and invited William .from Holland, to beKing of England.in 1688.This was the so-called " Glorious Revolution 二2.The Revolution period produced one of the most important poets in Englishliterature, whose name is John Milton •3..In the Revolution Period John Milton towers over his age as WilliamShakespeare towers over the Elizabethan Age and as Chaucer towers over theMedieval Period.4.During the civil war and the commonwealth, there were two leaders inEngland, Cromwell, the man of action, and John Milton 乙he man ofthought.5.John Milton wrote his masterpiece Paradise Lost during his blindness.6. __ Bunyan ___ wrote his masterpiece The Pilgrim's Progress during hissecond imprisonment.7. ____ Bunyan _____ gives a vivid and satirical description of Vanity Fairwhich is the symbol of London at the time of the 17th century writer.8.About the beginning of the 17th century appeared a school of poets called“ the Metaphysical poets “by Samuel Johnson, the 18th century write匚9._A11 for Love __ is Drydeifs tragedy based on the story of Antony andCleopatra under the influence of Shakespeare's tragedy Antony and Cleopatra.10.In 1642, the civil was broke out in England, and the royalists were defeatedby the parliament army led by ___ Cromwell _____ • In 1649, Charles I wassentenced to death and England was declared to be a common wealth11.Puritanism ______ was the religious doctrine of the revolutionarybourgeoisie during the English Revolution, which preached thrift, sobriety, hard work and unceasing labor but with no extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of labo匚12.With the ending of the reign of Elizabeth I, England was then convulsed withthe conflict between the two antagonistic camps, the Royalists andPuritans . the spokesman of the Revolution, wrote a number of pamphlets defending the English people13. ____ Samson Sgonistes _______ ended Milton^s writing life , the hero ofwhich is Milton himself14.John Bunyan's masterpiece, The Pilgrinfs Progress tells of the spiritualpilgrimage of Christian from the City of Destruction to theCelestial Citv15.The main literary form of seventeenth century was poetry. Among the poets,besides Milton and Runyan, there were two schools of poets:Metaphysical and Caralier _________ poets16. ______ is the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry17.John Donne and his followers wrote metaphysical poetry what would later becalled highly intellectual verse filled with metaphors18.Sir Thomas Browne _____ and Jeremy Taylor _______ have been calledtwo representative baroque prose-writers in English literature for their elaborate and magnificent style.19.An eassay of Dramatic poesy ______ 、 John Dreden^ most famous prosecomposition established his position as the leading critic of the day20.Following the standards of classicism, John Dryden established the heroiccouplet _____ a s one of the principal English verse forms.Terms1.lyric2.epic3.baroque4.PuritanismAnswer the following questions1.How many books does Paradise Lost consist of ? Who are the four maincharacters in the epic, and what are the respective relations between them?2.What are the features of The Pilgrim^s Progress?3.What are John Donners writing features?4.As a rule, an allegory is a story in verse or prose with a double meaning: asurface meaning, and an implied meaning. List two works and examples of allegory. What is an allegory usually concerned with by its implied meaning?5.What is the theme of Paradise Lost?6.Please comment on the character of Satan in Paradise Lost7.What are the features of Milton，s poetry?8.Talk about Dryden，s contribution to English literature9.Tell the theme of Samson Agonistes10.To some extent, we can say, Samson is Milton, Why?。
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读复习资料整理(word文档良心出品)
Old English Period— Anglo-Saxon Period(450-1066)1.The History•From 55 BC to 410 AD, the Romans conquered the land and transplanted its civilization.2.The LiteratureTwo divisions:Pagan & ChristianPaganThe Seafarer水手; The Fight at Finnisburg芬尼斯郡之战; The Wanderer流浪者; Waldhere瓦登希尔;The Battle of Maldom马尔登战役Widsith(威德西斯); The complaint of Deor迪奥的抱怨•The wife’s Lament妻子的哀歌; Ruin毁灭are good examples.Beowulf, England’s national epic.Writing featuresnot a Christian but a pagan poem of all advanced pagan civilization,The use of the strong stress and the predominance of consonants are very notable in this poem. Each line is divided into two halves, and each half has two heavy stressesThe use of alliteration is another notable feature and makes the stresses more emphatic. There are a lot of metaphors and understatements in this poemAnglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)The literature•The Growth of the Arthurian Legends•The legends of King Arthur and his knights had existed as an oral tradition since the time of the Celts.The 17th CenturyA Brief Introduction of the 17th century⏹The contradictions between the feudal system and bourgeoisie⏹James I：1603-1625 political and religious tyranny⏹Charles I: 1625-1649⏹Oliver Cromwell : commonwealth protector: 1653-1658⏹Charles II: 1660-1688 the Restoration⏹James II：1685-1688⏹William of Oranges: 1688-1702 “Glorious Revolution”⏹The Bill of Rights 权利法案：1689John Donne代表作：The FleaMetaphysical PoetryHoly Sonnet 10SongA Valediction:Forbidding Mourning 别离辞：节哀John Milton⏹the early phase of reading and lyric writing⏹the middle phase of service in the Puritan Revolution and the pamphleteering for it⏹the last --- the greatest --- phase of epic writingParadise Lost--- the great epicParadise Regained；Samson AgonistesJohn BunyanThe Pilgrim’s Progress（essay）The 18th-century LiteratureThe Rise of English NovelsThe historical backgroundComparing with the 17th century, the 18th century is a period for peaceful development.The constitutional monarchy has been set up by parliament in 1688.England grew from a second rate country to a powerful naval country in this century.With the ascent of the bourgeoisie cultural life had undergone remarkable changes.The rise of the English novel.代表作：Daniel Defoe Robinson CrusoeJonathan SwiftThe Battle of the Books; 《书籍之战》The Tale of a Tub; 《一只桶的故事》The Drapier’s Letter; 《布商来信》A Modest Proposal; 《一个温和的建议》Journal to Stella; 《给斯黛拉的日记》Gulliver’s Travel. 《格列夫游记》Satirical features⏹Swift offered an opportunity of self-scrutiny.（自我审视）⏹The Lilliputians （小人国居民）and their institutions were all about people and theirinstitutions of England.⏹The Brobdingnagians were incredible Utopians.⏹The scientists and philosophers represented the extremes of futile theorizing andspeculations in all areas of activity such as science, politics, and economics with their instinct-killing tendencies.⏹The picture of the Yahoos made a clear statement about man and his nature.Henry FieldingTom JohnsonSocial significanceThe writer shows his strong hatred for all the hypocrisy and treachery in the society of his age and his sympathy for the courageous young rebels in their righteous struggleThe 18th-century Literature (II)The Age of Enlightenment in EnglandThe rapid development of social life•On the economic scene, the country became increasingly affluent.•On the political scene, a fragile of balance between the monarch and the middle class existed.•On the religious scene, deism came into existence代表Thomas GrayElegy Written in a Country Churchyard● a masterpiece of lyric●Theme: a sentimental meditation upon life and death, esp. of the common rural people,whose life, though simple and crude, has been full of real happiness and meaning●Poetic pattern: quatrains of iambic pentameter lines rhyming ABAB●Mood: melancholy, calm, meditative●Style: neoclassic---vivid visual painting,---musical/rhythmic,---controlled and restrained,---polished languageSection 1 It sets the scene for the poet’s visit to the churchyard. It is enveloped in gloom and grief, which is archetypal of graveyard, poets’fascination with night, graves, and death. The tone is echoed by the last part of the poem●Section 2 It tells about the people entombed there and recalls their life experiences. Whenthe “rude forefathers of the hamlet”lived. They got up early at the twittering of swallows, or a rooster’s wake-up call or a hunter’s horn, enjoyed family bliss with wife and kids in the evening, or were happily busy with farm work in the fields, but now that they lie in their “narrow cells”, their “useful toil”and “homely joys”happen no more. The tone is one of melancholy and regret for the dead.●Section 3 It warns the rich and powerful not to despise the poor since all are equal in faceof death and the grave levels off all distinction. All nobility, power, and wealth “await alike”the inevitable end and “the paths of glory lead but to the grave”. Nothing could●ever bring anything back to life.Section 4●It expresses, on the one hand, the poet’s regret that their life had not been congenial tothe growth and full play of the poor farmers’native gifts and talents and, on the other, his feeling of “a blessing in disguise”for them in the sense that, because they did not commit any crimes to humankind nor have to play the obsequious social climber against one’s integrity.Section 5●It asserts the notion that, even though they lived a less eventful life, there is no reason toforget these farmers.Section 6●It portrays the scenario that the poet envisions would happen after his own death. Avillager would say of him: he got up early to go uphill to the lawn and lay there meditating under the tree until noon. He would wander in the wood, smiling at one moment, muttering to himself at the next, sad and pale, like one “in hopeless love”. Then for a couple of days he did not show up, and on the third day he was buried in the churchyard.Section 7●As he shows sympathy for the poor, he gains the friendship of man and God. He asks thepassers-by not to get to know any more about his merits and weaknesses as he waits in his grave for God’s judgment.●The poem touches the readers to the quick with its notable sadnessOliver Goldsmith’s《The Vicar of Wakefield》•Pre-Romantic Poems (I)William BlakeThe Songs of Experience；THE LAMB；The Tyger；The Sick RoseRobert Burns⏹1) Political poems --- The Tree of Liberty;⏹2) Satirical poems --- Holy Willie’s Prayer, Two Dogs⏹3) Lyrics --- My Heart’s in the Highlands, A Red, Red Rose, Auld Lang SyneBurns’s position and his features⏹ A great Scottish peasant poet; a national poet of Scotland⏹Numerous are Burns’s songs of love and friendship.⏹His great success was largely due to his comprehensive knowledge and excellent masteryof the old song traditions.⏹His poetry have a musical quality that helps to perpetuate the sentimentBurns ushered a tendency that prevailed during the high time of RomanticismThe Romantic Period (I)⏹“The Lakers”：湖畔诗人William WordsworthSamuel ColeridgeRobert Southey•William Wordsworth•Lyrical Ballads；Lines Written in Early Spring；To the Cuckoo ；The Daffodils I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud；My Heart Leaps Up；Intimations of Immortality 不朽颂Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern AbbeyComments on WordsworthWordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by simplicity and purity of his language which was spoken by the peasants who convey their feelings and emotions in simple and unelaborated expressions.•George Gordon Byron•Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage；Don Juan•What is Byronic hero?•Byron’s chief contribution to English poetry.•Such a hero is a proud, rebellious figure of noble origin. Passionate and powerful, he is right to all the wrongs in a corrupted society, and he would fight single--handedly against all the misdoings.•Thus this figure is a rebellious individual against outworn social systems and conventions •Byronic heroes•heroic of noble birth•passionate•rebellious•individual•Summery•This is a love poem about a beautiful woman and all of her features. Throughout the poem, Byron explains the depth of this woman’s beauty. Even in the darkness of death and mourning, her beauty shines through. Her innocence shows her pureness in heart and in love. The two forces involved in Byron’s poems are darkness and light --- at work in the woman’s beauty and also the two areas of her beauty --- the internal and the external •The theme•This poem shows that mourning does not necessarily imply melancholy or extreme sadness.•Rhetorics•Byron uses many antonyms to describe this woman --- face, eye, hair, cheek, brow, etc. to portray a perfect balance within her.•He often uses opposites like darkness and light to create this balance.• A simile was shown in line one which stated: “She walks in beauty, like the night”, which is also the basis of the poem.•Rhyme and meter•The poem follows a basic iambic tetrameter, with an “ababab cdcdcd efefef” rhyme. •Percy Bysshe Shelley•Comments on Shelley• 1. Shelley is one of the first poets in Europe who sang for the working people. His political lyrics are among the best of their kind in the whole sphere of European romantic poetry. And he is also one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language.• 2. Shelley loved the people and hated their oppressors and exploiters. He called on the people to overthrow the rule of tyranny and injustice and prophesied a happy and free life for mankind.• 3. One of the first poets in Europe who sang for the working people. His political lyrics are among the best of their kind in the whole sphere of European romantic poetry.❖ 4. He stood for this social and political ideal all his life.❖ 5. He and Byron are justifiably (justly, rightly) regarded as the two great poets of the revolutionary romanticism in England.❖ 6. Byron, his best friend, said of Shelley “the best and least selfish man I ever knew”.❖7. Wordsworth said, “Shelley is one of the best artists of us all”.❖Ode to the West Wind❖Stanza 1❖It describes the power of the west wind and its double role as both destroyer(ll.2-5) and preserver(ll.6-12).❖Line 14 sums up the wind’s two basic characteristics, which also constitute the thematic focus of the poem❖Stanza 2❖I t focuses on the adumbration of the wind’s power driving clouds before it and bringing storms with it (ll.15-23) with lightning, rain, fire and hail (ll. 23-28).❖It also describes its destructive aspect of “closing night” enveloping all under its dome ofa vast tomb (ll. 24-25).❖Stanza 3❖It talks about the wind’s impact upon the sea, its first touching on the calm of the Mediterranean (ll. 29-36), and then on the turbulence of the Atlantic (ll.36-42).❖The Mediterranean sleeps in serenity in the summer but is waken up by the wind to see the quivering of the shadows of ancient palaces and towers (ll. 29-35) and the Atlantic cleaving asunder into gigantic chasms (ll. 35-38).❖Even the vegetation at the bottom of the sea “grow gray with fear./tremble and despo il themselves”.❖Stanza 4❖It expresses the poet’s emotional response to the west wind.❖The poet says to the wind (ll.43-47) that he wishes to be spirited away like the leaves, to dance like the clouds, to breathe like the waves, and enjoy a share of the win d’s strength like the storm though with a lesser degree of freedom of movement.❖The poet takes a nostalgic backward glance at his free, uncontrollable boyhood when he could fly like a swift could like the wind, and even outstrip it in speed (ll.47-51), and wishes for the wind to lift him up like a leaf or wave or a cloud (l. 54). But it is only a figment of his imagination.❖He has to face “the horns of life” that he has fallen upon, chained and weighed down, and no longer “tameless, swift, and proud” like the wind (ll.54-56).❖Stanza 5⏹It expresses both the poet’s request for the wind to help spread the words of his poem“among mankind” and wake it up from its deep stupor (ll. 66-69) and his prophecy that spring will come in the wake of winter (ll.69-70).⏹The poem ends upon a note of confidence and hope.⏹John Keats one of the greatest English poets and a major figure in the Romanticmovement⏹Ode on a Grecian Urn The Eve of St. Agnes To a NightingaleWalter Scott He is the creator and a great master of the historical novelJane AustenPride and Prejudice；Sense and Sensibility；Mansfield Park；Emma；Northanger Abbey；PersuasionCritical Realism Victorian PeriodFeatures of Dickens’s novels♦Charles Dickens’s novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age. They reflect the protest of the people against capitalist exploitation; criticize the vices of capitalist society.Charles Dickens is a petty bourgeois intellectual. He could not overstep the limits of his class. He believed in the moral self-perfection of the wicked propertied classes. He failed to see the necessity of a bitter struggle of the oppressed against their oppressors. There is a definite tendency for a reconciliation of the contradictions of capitalist society♦Charles Dickens is a great humorist. His novels are full of humor and laughter and tell much of the experiences of his childhood. Almost all his novels have happy endings.The story of some major novels♦Oliver Twist♦David Copperfield♦Great Expectation♦ A Tale of Two CitiesWilliam Makepeace ThackerayVanity Fair•The Brontë sisters•Charlotte•Jane eyre (1847)•Shirley (1849)•Villette (1853)•The professor (1857)•Emily•Wuthering Heights (1847)•Anne•Agnes Grey (1847)•The tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) 《怀德菲尔庄园的房客》Alfred Lord Tennyson•the poet laureate after the death of Wordsworth in 1850•The Princes (1847),•In Memoriam (1850),•Maud (1855),•Enoch Arden (1864),•The Idylls of the King (1869-1872) Break, Break, Break ；Ulysses；Crossing the Bar Robert BrowningMy Last Duchess a dramatic monologueThe transition from 19th to 20th century in English literatureThomas Hardy◆Under the Greenwood Tree◆Far from the Madding Crowd◆The Return of the Native◆The Mayor of Casterbridge◆Tess of the D’Urbervilles◆Jude the ObscureOscar Wilde♦The Picture of Dorian Gray♦Lady Windermere’s Fan♦ A Woman of No Importance♦An Ideal Husband♦The Importance of Being Earnest♦Salome♦The Happy Prince and Other TalesGeorge Bernard Shaw♦ a prolific writer;♦winning Nobel Prize in 1925Mrs. Warren’s professionD. H. Lawrence•Novels•Sons and Lovers•The Rainbow•Women in Love•Lady Chatterley's Lover•Novellas•St Mawr•The Virgin and the Gypsy•The Escaped Cock“stream of consciousness”意识流代表人物：1)、Virginia Woolf 《Mrs. Dalloway》《A Room of One’s Own》 Woolf was much concerned with the position of women. 非常重视妇女的地位 2)、James Joyce Araby附读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
(完整word版)英国文学史复习资料大纲英语专业必考
一．作家作品连线1.Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟——The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事），The Book of The Duchess（公爵夫人之书）、The Parliament of Fowls（百鸟会议)The House of Fame（声誉之堂）、Troilus and Criseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德）2.William Shakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, SonnetThe Merchant of Venice，Henry IV，Twelfth Night，King Lear，Macbeth 3.Francis Bacon培根——（Essays）Of Marriage and Single Life(轮婚姻和单身), Of Studies4.John Donne邓恩（Metaphysical poems玄学派诗人）-— Song and Sonnets （歌与十四行诗）, Holy Sonnets（圣十四行诗）5.John Milton 弥尔顿—— Paradise Lost(失乐园）、Paradise Regained（复乐园）Samson Agonistes（力士参孙）6.Daniel Defoe笛福——The Life and strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记)、Captain Singleton（辛格顿船长)、Moll Flanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）A Journal of the Plague Year（大疫年日记）、Roxana （罗克萨娜）7.Jonathan Swift斯威夫特——Gulliver’s Travel s（格列佛游记）A Tale of a Tub (一只桶的故事)，A Modest Proposal（一个温和的建议）8.William Blake布莱克——Song of Innocence（天真之歌)，Song of experience（经验之歌）, Poetical Sketches(诗的素描), The Book of Thel（塞尔书)9.Robert Burns彭斯——Auld Lang Syne, A Red Red Rose，10.William Wordsworth华兹华斯——I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud11.Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治——Kubla Khan（忽必烈汗），BiographiaLiteria （文学传记）、Lyrical Ballads (抒情歌谣集)12.Jane Austen简·奥斯丁—- Pride and Prejudice二、术语解释1、Epic（史诗）： A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. It started in the 5th century, Beowulf was an important epic。
英国文学考试复习资料
一、单选题1.The masterpiece of Alexander Pope is ____.A、 Essay on CriticismB、 The Rape of the LockC、 Essay on ManD、 The Dunciad答案： B2.The 18th century was the golden age of the English ___. The novel of this period spoke the truthabout life with an uncompromising (unbending) courage.A、 dramaB、 poetryC、 essayD、 novel答案： D3.In 1701, Steele published a pamphlet, _____, in which he first displayed his moralizing spirit.A、 The FuneralB、 The Lying LoverC、 The Christian HeroD、 The Tender Husband答案： C4.____ is a great classicist but his satire is not always just.A、SteeleB、 MiltonC、 AddisonD、 Pope答案： D5._____ is Addison’s great tragedy.A、A Letter from ItalyB、RosamondC、The CampaignD、Cato答案： D6.The literature of the Enlightenment in England mainly appealed to the ____ readers.A、aristocraticB、 middle classC、 low classD、 intellectual答案： B二、 判断题7.The main literary stream of the 18th century was ____ . What the writers described in their works were mainly social realities.A 、 romanticismB 、 classicismC 、 realismD 、 sentimentalism答案： D8.Which of the following is not the hero in The Spectator?A 、 Isaac BickerstaffB 、 Mr. RogerC 、 Captain SentryD 、 Andrew Freeport答案： A1.The character sketches in The Spectator are the forerunner of the English novel.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 正确2.Novel writing made a big advance in the 18th century. The main characters in the novels were no longer common people, but the kings and nobles.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 错误3.The essays published in The Tatler deal with the current topics of the time which treated in a serious manner.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 错误4.Addison’s chief contribution to literature lies in his essays written for The Tatler and The Spectator.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 正确5.The 18th century was an age of poetry. A group of excellent prose writers, such as Jonathan Swift,Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, were produced.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 错误6.In the poems of Edward Young and Thomas Gray, sentimentalism found its fine expression.A、正确B、错误答案：正确7.The 19th century produced the first English novelists, who fall into two groups: the sentimentalistnovelists and the realist novelist.A、正确B、错误答案：错误8.Isaac Bickerstaff is the major character of The Spectator.A、正确B、错误答案：错误9.Steele’s translations of Humor’s works are done in heroic couplet.A、正确B、错误答案：错误10.Addison’s The Spectator was published three times a week, having one essay for each issue.A、正确B、错误答案：错误三、填空题1._____ is the most striking feature in The Spectator.答案： Character sketch2.Humor, intimacy and elegance shown in The Tatler and The Spectator essays have become thestriking features of the English _____.答案： familiar essay3.Steele’s appeal was made to the ____classes.答案： middle4.English enlighteners believed in the _____.答案： power of reason四、名词解释1.“free states”答案： Free states refer to the state that had abolished slavery before the U.S.Civil War.2.Manifest Destiny答案： Manifest Destiny refers to the theory that said it was right for the United States to expand territory.。
(完整word版)英国文学史及作品选读习题集
1 Old & Middle English LiteratureⅠ. Essay Questions1. What are the three parts told in the story of Beowulf? How is heroic ideal reflected in Beowulf?2. State the social significance of William Langland’s Piers the Plowman and comment on the poem’s w riting features.3. Compare Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales with old English poetry and the works of other Middle English poets to illustrate that Chaucer is the first realistic writer in English literature.4. What is the function of the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales?Ⅱ. Define the following terms.1. Old English period (the Anglo Saxon period)2. Alliteration3. Prose4. Courtly love5. Morality play6. Couplet7. Meter8. Foot9. Scottish Chaucerians10. Ballad (Popular ballad)11. Middle English period12. Anglo-Norman period13. Arthurian legend14. RomanceⅢ. Fill the blanks.1. The Old English poetry can be divided into two groups: the_____ poetry and the ____ poetry.2. _____ is regarded as the “Father of English Song”, the first known religious poet of England.3. The history of English literature begins in the____ century.4. _____is the most prevailing literary form in the Middle Ages.5. The most magnificent prose work of the 15th century is Morte d’ Arthur concerning with____ legend.6. The only important prose writer in the 15th century is Sir______.7. Critics tend to divide Chaucer’s literary career into three periods: the ____ period, the___ period and the____ period.8. Among the Middle English poets, three are the greatest. One is the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The other two are ____ and ____.9. The Canterbury Tales contains the ____ and 24 tales, two of which left unfinished.10. Chaucer employed the _____ couplet in writing his greatest work The Canterbury Tales.11. The framework in The Canterbury Tales is a ____.12. When Chaucer died on the 25th of October 1400, he was the first to be buried in ____.13. Besides Chaucer, King James I also wrote in verses of seven lines, so this kind of verse came to be called the________14. Compared with Chaucer, “Father of English poetry”, __________ in the 14th century can be called “Father of Scottish Poetry and Scottish History”.15. The ___________is an important stream of the British literature in the 15th century.16. The __________century has traditionally been described as the barren age in English literature.17. Poetry can be classified as narrative or Lyric. Narrative poems stress action, and Lyrics__________.Ⅳ. Choose the best answer.1. Beowulf is a ______ poem, describing an all-round picture of the tribal society.A. paganB. ChristianC. romanticD. lyric2. Caedmon’s life story is vividly described in _____’s Historic Ecclesiastica.A. GrendelB. BedeC. CynewulfD. Beowulf3. The most important work of Alfred the Great is ____, which is regarded as the best monument of the Old English prose.A. The Song of BeowulfB. The Ecclesiastical History of the English PeopleC. Apollonius of TypeD. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles4. In the 14th century, the important writers are the following EXCEPT_______.A. William LanglandB. John GowerC. Thomas MaloryD. Geoffrey Chaucer5. Chaucer Was once influenced by Italian Literature. His major work during this period is _____.A. Troilus and CriseydeB. The Romaunt of the RoseC. The Legend of Good WomenD. The Canterbury Tales6. Chaucer’s active career provided him not only with knowledge but also experiences, which accounted for the wide range of his writings.7. Chaucer’s narrative poem _____ is based on Boccaccio’s poem “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. The Book of the DuchessD. Troilus and Criseyde8. All the following writers belong to the Scottish Chaucerians EXCEPT_______.A. Robert HenrysonB. William DunbarC. Thomas MaloryD. King James I9. In English poetry, a four-line stanza is called____.A. heroic coupletB. quatrainC. Spenserian stanzaD. terza rima10. The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely _______.A. William Langland’s Piers the PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC. J ohn Gower’s Confessio AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightⅤ. Short-answer questions1. What are the main characteristics of Anglo-Saxon literature?2. What are the artistic features of Old English poetry?3. What are the major subjects that the English romance mainly deals with?4. Summarize Chaucer’s literary ca reer and the representative works of each period.5. How many groups do the popular ballads fall into according to the contents or subjects?6. What are the stylistic features of ballads?Ⅵ. Answer the questions according to the following poem.When the sweet showers of April fall and shootDown through the drought of March to pierce the root,Bathing every vein in liquid powerFrom which there springs the engendering of the flower,When also Zephyrus with his sweet breathExhales an air in every grove and healthUpon the tender shoots, and the young sunHis half-course in the sign of the Ram has run,And the small fowls are making melodyThat sleep away the night with open eye(So nature pricks them and their heart engages)The people long to go on pilgrimagesAnd palmers long to seek the stranger strandsOf far-off saints, hallowed in sundry lands,And specially, from every shire’s endIn England, down to Canterbury they wendTo seek the holy blissful martyr, quickIn giving help to them when they were sick.Questions:1. What is expressed in these opening lines of The Canterbury Tales?2. How does the author emphasize the transition from nature to divinity?3. Comment on Chaucer’s contribution of rhymed stanzas.KeysⅠ. Essay questions.1. Structurally speaking, Beowulf is built around three fights. The first part deals with the fight between Beowulf and the monster Grendel that has been attacking the great hall of Heorot, built by Hrothgar, the Danish King. The second part involves a battle between Beowulf and Grendel’s mother, a water-monster, who takes revenge by carrying off one of the king’s noblemen. The last part is about the fight between Beowulf and a firedrake that ravages Beowulf’s kingdom.Beowulf is a pagan poem concerned with the heroic ideal of kings andkingship in North Europe. Battle is a way of life at that time. Strength and courage are basic virtues for both kings and his warriors. The king should protect his people and show gentleness and generosity to his warriors. And in return, his warriors should show absolute obedience and loyalty to the king. By praising Beowulf’s wisdom, strength and courage, and by glorifying his death for his people, the poem presents the heroic ideal of a king and his good relations to his warriors and people.2.Piers the Plowman remains a classic in popular literature. It was very popular throughout the fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries. It praises the poor peasants, and condemns and exposes the sins of the oppressors. It played an important part in arousing the revolutionary sentiment on the eve of the Rising of 1381 headed by Wat Tyler and John Ball. It is a realistic picture of medieval England. But Piers is not a representative of the poor peasants. He is one of the well-to-do peasants. He has no intention of upsetting the feudal order of society, and he accepts the existing social relations. This is the limitation of the poem.Writing features:(1) Piers the Plowman is written in the form of a dream vision. The author tells hisstory under the guise of having dreamed it.(2) The poem is an allegory which relates truth through symbolism.(3) The poem uses indignant satire in his description of social abuses caused by thecorruption prevailing among the ruling classes, ecclesiastical and secular. (4) The poem is written in alliteration.3. The vast bulk of Old English poetry is specifically Christian, devoted to religious subjects. More importantly, it is almost all in the heroic mode due to the great influence of the heroic ideal, i.e. Beowulf is the ideal of kingly behavior. The idealized hero figures predominantly in Old English literature. Middle English romance generally concerns the knight. It makes liberal use of the improbable, ofte4n of the supernatural. Religious writing reflects the unchanging principles of medieval Christian doctrine, which looked to the world to come for the only answer to men’s troubles. William Langland’s Piers the Plowman reflects the great religious and social issues of his day, yet it is written in the form of a dream vision. It is Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales.4. The General Prologue is usually regarded as the great portrait gallery in English literature. It is largely composed of a series of sketches differing widely i8n length and method, and blending the individual and the typical in varying degrees. The purpose of the General Prologue is not only to present a vivid collection of character sketches, but also to reveal the author’s intention in bringing together a great variety of people and narrative materials to unite the diversity of the tales by allotting them to a diversity of tellers engaged in a common endeavour, to set the tone for the story-telling-one of jollity which accords with the tone of the whole work: that of grateful acceptance of life, to make clear the plan for the tales, to motivate the telling of tales and introduce the pilgrims and the time and occasion ofthe pilgrimage. The pilgrims are people from various parts of England. They serve as the representatives of various sides of life and social groups. Each of the pilgrims or narrators is presented vividly in the Prologue. Ranging in status from a knight a humble plowman, the pilgrims are a microcosm of 14th-century English society. On the other hand, there is also an intimate connection between the tales and the Prologue, both complementing each other. The Prologue provides a framework for the tales.Ⅱ. Define the following terms.1.Old English period (the Anglo-Saxon period): The Old English Period, extended from the invasion of Celtic England by Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes) in the first half of the fifth century to the conquest of England in 1066 by the Norman French under the leadership of the seventh century did the Anglo-Saxons, whose earlier literature had been oral, begin to develop a written literature.2. Alliteration: alliteration is the repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words. The term is usually applied only to consonants, and only when the recurrent sound begins a word or a stressed syllable within a word.3. Prose: Prose is an inclusive term for all discourse, spoken or written, which is not patterned into the li8nes either of metric verse or free verse.4. Courtly love: It is a doctrine of love, together with an elaborate code governing the relations betwe4en aristocratic lovers, which was widely represented in the lyric poems and chivalric romances of western Europe during the Middle Ages.5. Morality play: Morality plays are medieval allegorical plays in which personified human qualities acted and disputed, mostly coming from the 15th century. They developed into the interludes, from which it is not always possible to distinguish them, and hence had a considerable influence on the development of Elizabethan drama.6. Couplet: A couplet is a pair of rhymed lines that are equal in length.7. Meter: Meter is the recurrence, in regular units, of a prominent feature in the sequence of speech-sounds of a language.8. Foot: A foot is the combination of a strong stress and the associated weak stress or stresses which make up the recurrent metric unit of a line. The relatively stronger-stressed syllable is called, for short, “stressed”; the relatively weaker-stressed syllables are called “light,” or most commonly, “unstressed”. The four standard feet distinguished in English are: (1) Iambic (the noun is “iamb”): an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. (2) Anapestic (the noun is “anapest”):two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable. (3)Trochaic (the noun is “trochee”): a stressed syllable. (4) Dactylic (the noun is “dactyl”):a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables.A metric line is named according to the number of feet composing it: Monometer: one footDimeter: two feetTrimester: three feetTetrameter: four feetPentameter: five feetHexameter: six feetHeptameter: seven feetOctameter: eight feet9. Scottish Chaucerians: The name is traditionally given to a very diverse group of 15th-and 16th- century Scottish writers who show some influence from Chaucer, although the debt is now regarded as negligible or indirect in most cases.10. Ballad (popular ballad): Ballad is also known as the folk ballad or traditional ballad. It is a song, transmitted orally, which tells a story. Ballads are thus the narrative species of folk songs, which originate, and are communicated orally, among illiterate or only partly literate people.11.Middle English period: The four and a half centuries between the Norman Conquest in 1066, which effected radical changes in the language, life, and culture of England, and about 1500, when the standard literary language had become recognizably “modern English”, that is similar to the language we speak and write today.12. Anglo-Norman period: The span from 1100 to 1350 is sometimes discriminated as the Anglo-Norman Period, because the non-Latin literature of that time was written mainly in Anglo-Norman, the French dialect spoken by the invaders who had established themselves as the ruling class of England, and who shared a literary culture with French-speaking areas of mainland Europe.13. Arthurian legend: It is a group of tales (in several languages) that developed in the Middle Ages concerning Arthur, semi-historical king of the Britons and his knights. The legend is a complex weaving of ancient Celtic mythology with later traditions around a core of possible historical authenticity.14. Romance: It is a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), dealing, in verse or prose, with legendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. The name refers to Romance languages and originally denoted any lengthy composition in one of those languages. Later the term was applied to tales specifically concerned with knights, chivalry, and courtly love. The romance and the epic are similar forms, but epics tend to be longer and less concerned with courtly love. Romances were written by court musicians, clerics, scribes, and aristocrats for the entertainment and moral edification of the nobility. Popular subjects for romances included the Macedonian King Alexander the Great, King Arthur Charlemagne. Later prose and verse narratives, particularly those in the 19th-century romantic tradition, are also referred to as romances; set in distant or mythological places and times, like most romances they stress adventure and supernatural elements.Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks.1. secular, religious2. Caedmon3. 5th4. Romance5. Arthurian6. Thomas Malory7. French, Italian, English 8. William Langland, Geoffrey Chaucer 9. General Prologue 10. Heroic11. pilgrimage 12. Westminster Abbey13. rhyme royal 14. John Barbour15. popular ballad 16. 15th17. songsⅣ. Choose the best answer.1. A2. B3. D4. C5. A6. C7. D8. C9. B 10. BⅤ. Short-answer questions.1. Anglo-Saxon literature is almost exclusively a verse literature in oral form. It was passed down by word of mouth from generation to generation. Most of its creators are unknown. There are two groups of English poetry in Anglo-Saxon period. The first group is the pagan poetry represented by Beowulf, the second is the religious poetry represented by the works of Caedmon and Cynewulf.2. (1) The use of alliteration. Each full line has four stresses with a number ofunstressed syllables, three of which begin with the same sound or letter.(2) The use of vivid poetic diction and parallel expressions for a single idea, suchas the sea is called” swan-road” or “whale-path”. A soldier is called “shield-bearer”, “battle-hero” or “whale-path”. A soldier is called “shield-bearer”,” battle-hero” or “spear-fighter, etc.3. The English romance mainly deals with three major subjects: the “Matter of France”, the “Matter of Ro me”, and the “Matter of Britain”.The “Matter of France” means a collection of tales about Charlemagne, the mighty ruler of France and neighbouring countries around 800 A.D., and his peers and their wars against the Saracens.The “Matter of Rome” covers ev erything from the ancient Romans and the Greeks. Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia and conqueror of Greece, Egypt, India and Persian Empire is the favorite hero of this group. Beside this, Trojan War is also dealt with in this group.The “Matter of Br itain” means the legendary history of Britain. It mainly deals with the exploits of King Arthur and his knights.4. Chaucer’s literary career is usually divided into 3 periods: the French period, the Italian period and the mature period.The French period refers to the period of French influence (1359-1372). During this period Chaucer wrote his earliest work: the Romaunt of the Rose, a free translation of a 13th-century French poem and his first important original work, The Book of the Duchess.The Italian period refers to the period of Italian influence (1372_1386), especially of Dante and Boccaccio. During this period, Chaucer mainly wrote three longer poems using the heroic stanza of seven lines: The House of Fame, Troilus and Criseyde, The Legend of Good Women.The mature period refers to the period when Chaucer had reached full maturity in his literary creation. His masterpiece The Canterbury Tales was produced in this period in which the heroic couplet was used.5. According to the contents or subjects, popular ballads can divided into different groups. A number of ballads narrating incidents on the English-Scottish border areknown as “Border Ballads”, which deal with bloody battles fought on the border of English and Scotland.Another important group of ballads is the series of 37 ballads of different lengths in Child’s collection, which tell of the wonderful deeds of Robin Hood, the famous outlaw, and his men. Most ballads do have a love or love-triangle theme. Sometimes love is present in a tender, romantic, even sentimental way.The fourth group is the sea ballads concerning sailors. The best-known is Sir Patrick Spens.Quite a few ballads are presented with themes of the domestic life, particularly of the relations between different members of a family. Unnatural relations such as murder and treachery are not infrequently appearing in this group.6. (1) Its simple language. The simplicity is reflected both in the verse form and thecolloquial expressions. By making use of a simple, plain language of the common people, the ballad leaves a strong dramatic effect to the reader.(2) The priority of the ballad is the story which deals only with the culminatingincident or climax of a plot.(3) Most of the ballads are quasi-historical, such as the ballad “Judas” and “RobinHood” ballad.(4) Ballads also tell their stories in a highly characteristic way; they are intenselydramatic. To strengthen the dramatic effect of the narration, ballads also make full use of hyperbole; actions and events are much exaggerated.(5) Music has and important influence on the ballads.(6) Using of refrains and other kinds of repetitions.Ⅵ. Answer the questions according to the following poem.1. The magnificent eighteen-line sentence that opens the General Prologue is a superb expression of a double view of the Canterbury pilgrimage. The first eleven lines are a chant of welcome to the spring with its harmonious marriage between heaven and earth which mellows vegetations, pricks foul and stirs the heart of man with a renewing power of nature. Thus, the pilgrimage is treated as an event in the calendar of nature, an aspect of the general springtime surge of human energy which wakens man’s love of nature. But spring is also the season of Easter and is allegorically regarded as the time of the Redemption through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ with its connotations of religious rebirth which wak ens man’s love of God (divine love). Therefore, the pilgrimage is also treated as and event in the calendar of divinity, an aspect of religious piety which draws pilgrims to holy places.2. The structure of this opening passage can be regarded as one from the whole Western tradition of the celebration of spring to a local event of English society, from natural forces in their general operation to a specific Christian manifestation. The transition from nature to divinity is emphasized by contrast between the physical vitality which conditions the pilgrimage and the spiritual sickness which occasions the pilgrimage, as well as by parallelism between the renewal power of nature and the restorative power of supernature (divinity).3. Chaucer introduced various rhymed stanzas to English poetry to replace the Old English alliterative verse. He first introduced into English octosyllabic couplet andthe rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the heroic couplet. And in The Canterbury Tales, he employed the heroic couplet with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.。
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Exercises:1. After the fall of the Roman Empire and the withdrawal of Roman troops from Albion , the aboriginal _Cletic____ population of the larger part of the island was soon conquered and almost totally exterminated by the Teutonic tribes of___Angles_ , __Saxons__ , and __Jutes___ who came from the continent and settled in the island , naming its central part __Anglio___ , or England.2. For nearly __400__ years prior to the coming of the English , British had been aRoman province . In__410_, the Rome withdrew their legions from Britain to protect herself against swarms of Teutonic invaders.3. The literature of early period falls naturally into two divisions, __pagan_and __Christian__.4.__The song of Beowulf__ can be justly termed England's national epic and its hero _Beowulf___—one of the national heroes of the English people.5. The Song of Beowulf reflects events which took place on the _European Continent___ approximately at the beginning of the _6th___ century , whenthe forefathers of the Jutes lived in the southern part of the __ Scandinavian peninsula __ and maintained close relations with kindred tribes ,e.g. with the__Danes__who lived on the other side of the straits.6. Among the early Anglo-Saxon poets we may mention _Caedmon___ who livedin the half of the ___7th_ century and who wrote a poeticParaphrase of the Bible.7. __Caedmon__ is the first know religious poet of Engla nd . He is known as the father of English song.8. The didactic poem The Christ was produced by __Cynewulf__ .9. The most important work of __a__ is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles , which isregarded as the best monument of the old English prose.a. Alfred the Greatb. Caedmonc. Cynewulfd. Venerable Bede10. Who is the monster half-human who had mingled thirty warriors in The Songof Beowulf?ca. Hrothgatb. Heorotc. Grendeld. Beowulf11. ___b_ is the first important religious poet in English literature.a. Gynewulfb. Caedmonc. Shakespeared. Adam Bede12. The epic , The Song of Beowulf ,represents the spirit of _d__.a. Monksb. romanticistsc. sentimentalistsd. pagan13. Define the literary terms listed below. 1). Alliteration 2). Epic14. Please give brief description of The Song of Beowulf.Exercise:1.In the year __1066__, at the battle of _ Hasting___, the ___Normans_ headed by William Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons.2. The literature with Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright,__romantic__ tales of ___love_ and adventures, in marked contrast with the__strength__ and __somberness__ of Anglo-Saxon poetry.3. English literature of Anglo-Norman period is also a combination of __French__ and _Saxon___ elements.4. Defines the literary terms listed below.(1) Anglo-Norman Romance (2) Middle EnglishExercise:1. In the 14th century, the two most important writers are __William Langland__ and Chaucer.2. In the 15th century, there is only one important prose writer whose name is __Sir Thomas Malory__ . He wrote an important work called Morte d'Arthur.3. Geoffrey Chaucer ,the “__father of English poetry__”and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London in about the year 1340.4. Chaucer's masterpiece is _The Canterbury Tales__,one of the most works in all literature.5.The _general prologue__ provides a frame work for the tales in The Canterbury Tales, and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.6. Chaucer created in The Canterbury Tales a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of _his time and his country___.7. The Canterbury Tales opens with a general “prologue”where we are told of a company of pilgrims that gathered at __Tabard__ Inn in Southwark ,a suburbof London.8. Chaucer believes in the right of man to __earthly__ happiness.9.The name of the “jolly innkeeper”in The Canterbury Tales is __HarryBailey__,whoproposes that each pilgrim of the __30__ should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back.10.The pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales are on their way to the shrine of __St. Thomas Becket's __ at a place named Canterbury.11.Despite the enormous plan , The Canterbury Tales in fact contains a general “prologue”and only _24__ tale , of which two are left unfinished.12.In contradistinction to the __alliterative__ verse of Anglo-Saxon poetry , Chaucer chose the metrical from which laid the foundation of the English__Tonico-syllabic___ verse.13. Who is the “father of English poetry ”and one of the greatest narrative poetsof English?bA . Christopher Marlow B. Geoffrey ChaucerC. W. ShakespeareD. Alfred the Great14. When he died, Chaucer was buried in _a___ the Poet's Corner. A．Westminster Abbey B. NormandyC. CanterburyD. Southwark15. Chaucer's earliest work of any length is his __c__ a translation of the French “Roman de la Rose”, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries throughout Europe.A. Troilus and CriseydeB. A Red Red RoseC. Romance of the RoseD. Piers the Plowman16. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named __b___ based on Boccaccio's poem “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Troilus and CriseydeC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. Beowulf17. In his literary development, Chaucer was influenced by three literatures. Which one is not true?dA. French literatureB. Italian literatureC. English literatureD. German literature18. There are various kinds of ballads _historical___, __legendary__,__fantanstical__, __lyrical__ and ___homorous__.19. In the numerous __border ballads__, the age-long struggle between the Scots and the English is reflected.20. Bishop __Thomas Perry__ was among the first to take a literary interestin ballads.21. Robin Hood, a __Saxon__ by birth, was an outlaw, a robber but he robbed only the rich and never molested the poor and needy.22. The first mention of Robin Hood in literature is in Langland's ___Piers the Plowman__.23. Define the literary terms listed below. (1) Ballad (2) Heroic couplet24. Comment on Geoffrey Chaucer and his The Canterbury Tales.Exercise:1. The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of __feudal __ relation and the establishing of the foundations of __capitalism__.2. Because the wool trade was rapidly growing in bulk , it was s timewhen , according to Thomas More , “__shape devoured man__ ”.3. __King Henry the VIII__ broke off with the Pope , dissolved all the monasteries and Abbeys in the country , confiscated their lands proclaimed himself head of __Church of England__.4. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of __Queen Elizabeth I__.5. Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the English national state this period is marked by a Flourishing of national culture known as the __Renaissance__.6.__Thomas More_wrote his _Utopia__in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of people's sufferings and put forwards his ideal of a future happy society.7._Thomas Wyatt__was the first to introduce the Italian sonnet into English literature.8. Edmund Spenser was the author of the greatest epic poem of _The Faire Queene___.9. Define the literary terms listed below. (1)renaissance (2)Spenserian Stanza Exercise:1.Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and __Macbeth___ are generally regarded as Shakespeare's four great tragedies.2. During the 22 years of his literary work, Shakespeare produced __37__ plays,__2__ narrative poems and __154___ sonnets.3. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is one of ___Christopher Marlowe__'s best plays.often referred to as “the poet's poet”.4. __Edmund Spenser__ is5. “Shall I compare thee to a summer's day”is one of _Shakespeare's___ best knownsonnets.6. In the __Elizabethan__ Period, William Shakespeare is the greatest writerof England.7. Define the literary terms listed below: Dramatic Irony8. Comment on William Shakespeare and The Merchant of Venice.9. Comment on William Shakespeare and Hamlet.Exercises:1.Pope described Francis Bacon as “the _wisest__, _brightest__, __meanest_of mankind”.2. Bacon's works may be divided into three classes, the _philosophy__, the__professional_, the _literary__ works.3. The final edition of Bacon's essays contains __58_ essays.4. The 17th century was a period when _absolute monarchy__ impeded the further development of capitalism in England and the _bourgeoisie__ could no longer bear the sway of __landed nobility_.5. The government of James I was a __despotism_ based on the theory of the divine right of kings.6. There were religious division and confusion and a long bitter struggle between the people's Parliament and the Throne--- __Puritans_ fighting against the _Cavaliers__ who helped the king.7. England became a commonwealth under the leadership of __Oliver Cromwell_.8. After _Oliver Cromwell__'s death, monarchy as again restored (1660). It was called the period of the Restoration____.9. The Glorious Revolution in _1688__ meant three things the supremacy of_Parliament__, the beginning of _modern England__, and the final triumph of the principle of _political liberty__.10. The Puritans believed in __simplicity_ of life.11. The Revolution Period is also called _the Puritan Age__, because the EnglishRevolution was carried out under a religious cloak.12. Define the literary term –Blank verse.13. The first thing to strike the reader is Donne's extraordinary _frankness__ and penetrating _realism__. The next is the _cynicism__ which marks certain of the lighter poems and which represents a conscious reaction from the extreme__idealism__ of woman encouraged by the Petrarchan tradition.14. Donne entered the church in 1615, where he rose rapidly to be Dean of _St Paul's Cathedral__, and the most famous preacher of his time.15. Milton's father was a __Puritan_, but not so harsh as most of the _Puritans__ of his day.16. Milton opposed the __Monarchic_ party and gave all his energies to the writing of __pamphlets_ dedicated to the people's liberties.17. Paradise Lost tells how __Satan_ rebelled against God and how _Adam__ and __Eve_ were driven out of Eden.18. Paradise Lost presents the author's view in an _allegorical__, _religious__ form.19. The poem Paradise Lost consists of _12__ books.20. Paradise Lost is based on the __Bibelical__ legend of the imaginary progenitors of the human race --- __Adam_ and __Eve_ , and involves God and his eternal adversary _Santan__ in its plot.21. In Revolution period __John Milton__ towers over his age as William Shakespeare towers over the Elizabethan Age and as Chaucer over the Medieval period.22. During the civil war and the commonwealth, there were two leadersin England, Cromwell, the man of action, and _John Milton__ the man of thought.23. In 1637Milton wrote the finest pastoral elegy in English, “__Lycidas_”to memorize the tragic death of a Cambridge friend.24. Milton wrote his masterpiece __Paradise Lost_ during his blindness.25. Comment on John Milton and his Paradise Lost.Exercise:1. Milton and Bunyan represented the extreme of English life in the 17th century. One gave us the only epic since _Beowulf___, the other gave us the only great_allegry___.2. Bunyan's most important work is _Pilgrim's Progess___, written in theold-fashioned medieval form of __allegory__ and ___dream_.3. In The Pilgrim's Progress, the story begins with a man called __Christian__setting out with a book in his hand and a great load on his back from the city of__Destuction__.4. Christian has two objects,--- to get rid of his __bureden__, which holds the sins and fears of his life, and to make his way to the __Celestial City_.5. John Bunyan gives a vivid and satirical description of __Vanity Fair__ which is the symbol of London at the time of Restoration.6. The literature of the middle and later periods of the 17th century cultimated inthe poetry of _John Milton___, in the prose writing of __John Bunyan__, and also in the plays and literary criticism of ___John Dryden_.Exercise:1. No sooner were the people in control of the government than they divided into hostile parties: the liberal _Whigs___, and the conservative __Tories__.2. Another feature of the 18th century was the rapid development of __social life__.3. The Enlighteners believed in the power of reason and therefore the 18th century is also called “the age of _Reason___”.4. The Enlightenment on the whole was an expression of struggle of the progressive class of _bourgeoisie__ against __feudalism__.5. The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the __viciousness__ of human nature, and prove that man is born ___kind_ and __honest__, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of _corrupted__ social environment.6. It is simply for convenience that we study 18th century writings in three main divisions: the reign of so-called __neo-classicism__, the revival of __romatic_poetry, and the beginnings of the ___modern novel__.7. The essays and stories of Addison and Steele devoted not only to social problems, but also to __private_ life_ and __adventures__.8. Pope was a man of extraordinary __wit__ and extensive __learning__, and his contemporaries considered him as the highest __authority__ in matters of literary art.9. The image of an enterprising Englishman of the 18th century was created by Daniel Defoe in his famous novel__Robinson Crusoe__.10. ___Alexander Pope_ is the leading figure of neo-classicism in the early period of the 18th century.11. Robinson Crusoe is largely an _adventure__ story, rather than the study of__human character__ which Defoe probably intended it to be.12. In The Shortest Way with the Dissenters, in a vein of grim _humor__ which recalls Swift's Modest Proposal Defoe advocated hanging all dissenting ministers, and sending all member of the free churches into exile.13. The full name of Robinson Crusoe is __The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe__.14. The story of Robinson Crusoe itself is real enough to have come straight from a sailor's __logbook__.15. Robinson named __Friday__ to the saved savage.16. Define the literary term, Picaresque Novels.Exercise:1.The 18th century in English literature is an age of __Prose___.2.Swift is born of English parents in ___Dublin Ireland___.3.Swift was the most remarkable __satirist__ in the 18th centurywho criticized the new bourgeois-aristocratic society of his age with out mercy.4. Jonathan Swift's masterpiece is __Gulliver's Travels__.5. Gulliver's adventures begins with __Liliputians__, who are so small that Gulliver isa giant among them.6. The country in Gulliver's Travels is __Houyhnhnms__, where horses are the real people and human beings , __Yahoos___ are their filthy servants.7. In the country of __Brobdingnag __, Gulliver is but pygmy.8. Gulliver's third voyage is occupied with a visit to the flying island of __Laputa__.9. A Modest Proposal is made to __English__ government to relieve the poverty of _Irish___ people.10. The Tale of a Tub is a satire on the various __churches__ of the day. Exercise:1.Henry Fielding is the greatest novelist of the __18th__ century.2.Fielding's first novel , _Joseph Andrews___ was inspired by the success of Richardson's novel Pamela.3. Fielding's later novels are ___Jonathon Wild___, the story of a rogue , which suggests Defoe's narrative ; __The History of _Tom Jones_, a Foundling_(1749) his best work; and __Amelia____ (1751) , the story of a good wife in contrast with an unworthy husband.1.In his works Fielding strongly criticizes __social relations__ in the Contemporary England.5. Fielding hates that hypocrisy which tries to conceal itself under A mask of__morality__.6. The lack of __spirituality__ of the age finds the most ample expression in his page.1.To read Milton's __Il Penseroso__ and Gray's is to see the beginning and the perfection of that “literature of melancholy”which largely Occupied English poets for more than a century.8. The author of the famous Elegy is the most scholarly and well-balanced of all the early __romantic__ poets.9. Oliver Goldsmith was one of the most __versatile__ of author and made distinguished contributions in several literary forms.10. Goldsmith was born in __Ireland__ , the son of an __Anglican__ clergyman whose geniality he inherited and whose improvidence he imitated.11. As ___essayest_ ,Goldsmith is among the best of the century.12. As a __poet__ he makes the riming couples as natural and simple as his prose.13. The Deserted Village is a (n )__idylice__ story of the family of a clergy-man after they have lost their money and are living in poverty.14. Goldsmith's two comedies , The Good-natured Man and She Stoops to Conquer met with opposition because the fashion was then for __sentimental__ comedy. 15. The two plays by Sheridan and _Goldsmith___ are the only plays of the18th century that have been kept alive upon the modem stage.16. Richard Brinsley Sheridan was, like Goldsmith ,a (n) _Irish__man.17. His famous comedy , _The Rivals__ , was written in his twenty-four year.18. Sheridan's famous comedy _The School of Scadal___, written in 1777, isconsidered his masterpiece.19. Define the literary term, comedy of humors.20. Of all the romantic poets of the 18th century ,Blake is the most independent and the most _original___.21. For greater part of his life Blake was the poet of inspiration alone , following no man' s __lead__ , obeying no voice but that which be heard in his own mystic__soul__.22. Beyond learning to __read__ and __write__, he received no education.23. His only formal education was in __art__.24. At 14, Blake apprenticed for seven years to a well-known __engraver__ , James Basire.25. After three years at Felpham ,Blake moved back to London , determined to follow his “__Divine Vision___”though it meant a life of isolation , misunderstanding , and poverty.26. The underlying theme in Songs of Innocence is the all-pervading presenceof divine and __sympathy__ , even in trouble and sorrow.27.In 1790 Blake engraved his principal prose , ___The Marriage of Heaven andHell_ , in which, with vigorous satire and telling apologue , he takes up his Revolutionary position.28. The__Songs of Experienc__ (1794) are in marked contrast with the Songs of Innocence.29. The brightness of the earlier work gives place to a sense of _gloom___ and mystery , and of the power of __evil__.30. In Jerusalem we have expounded Blake ‘s theory of __Imagination__ .31. The greatest of __Scottish__ poets is Robert Burns.32. In 1786. when he was 27 years old ,Burns resolved to abandon the struggle and seek position in the far-off island of __Jamaica__.33.Burns wrote some __patriotic__ poems , in which he expressed his deep love for his motherland ,such as “My Heart's in the Highlands”.34. Burns' poetry bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh ofthe __Scottish__ common people。
英国文学史复习题
English Literature考试题型：1.填空2.选择〔1和2共50分〕3.作品分析3道题/30分4.论述题2道题/20分〔教师说：填空选择主要以文学史，文学大家及他们的主要作品，文学主张等形式呈现；而作品分析以简答题形式出现〕1: Introduction2: Old and Medieval English Literature: Beowulf〔the earliest English Epic〕, Sir Gawain, Chaucer (1): General prologue 〔结合参考资料Lecture 2)3: Chaucer (2) -- The Wife of Bath’s Tale. 〔注意讲故事的人与故事之间的relationship)4: Renaissance: Sonnets ---Shakespeare, Spenser (Sonnet 18,29, 75, 34,54)5: Shakespeare: Drama (Merchant of Venice)6: Shakespeare: Drama (Hamlet)7: 17th Century—Revolution and Restoration: Metaphysical poets (John Donne and Marvel’s "To his coy mistress") .(For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway came from one a poem of John Donne：A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning.)8: 17th Century: John Donne’s Forbi dding MourningJohn Milton’s Paradise Lost , On His BlindnessJohn Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress(Just knowing that this work is written bythis author is OK)名利场9: 18th Century〔现实主义的兴起〕:Daniel Defoe〔Robinson Crusoe)Jonathan Swift(Gulliver’s Travels)Thomas Gray(Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard)〔The title of the book "Far From the Madding Crowd〞by Thomas Hardy came from "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard〞) 10: Romanticism: Wordsworth (Lines----- Tintern Abbey)Wordsworth(I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud)注意本作品反映出的自然观11: Romanticism〔早期浪漫主义〕:Byron(Don Juan)Shelley(Ode to the West Wind)John Keats(Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to a Nightingale)Walter Scott: Historical story and novel : 十字军英雄记12: Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice 〔基于金钱上的爱情与婚姻〕13: Victorian novelists (Critical realism):Charles Dickens(Early stage)Works:Oliver Twist, Hard Times, The Tale of Two Cities, Great ExpectationsGeorge Eliot(Middle stage)Works:The Mill on the FlossThomas Hardy(Late stage,or early stage of thetwentieth century)Works ：Far from the Madding Crowd (1874)，Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1891)，Jude the Obscure (1895)Victorian novelists(Critical realism):William Makepeace Thackeray(Vanity Fair)Charlotte Bronte(Jane Eyre)14: Victorian Poets: Alfred, Lord Tennyson(Ulysses; Break,break,Break)Robert Browning & Elizabeth Browning(My Last Duchess).15: Introduction to 20th century literature: Yeats, Hardy, Conrad’s Heart of darkness, James Joyce’s The Dead, Woolf’s Mrs. Ale Dalloway上课内容：1：简介2：中古世纪英国文学：贝尔武夫〔最早的英国史诗〕，高文〔加文〕骑士/爵士，乔叟〔英国诗人〕——坎特伯雷故事集〔1〕General prologue 〔对于表达者的介绍〕3：乔叟——坎特伯雷故事集〔2〕巴斯的老婆4：文艺复兴时期：十四行诗——莎士比亚，斯宾塞〔意大利式风格—Petrarch 皮特拉克、英式风格—Shakespeare 莎士比亚〕5：莎士比亚戏剧——威尼斯商人6：莎士比亚戏剧——哈姆雷特7：十七世纪——革命与复辟：玄学派诗人〔约翰.邓恩和马维尔——致羞赧的情人：见背景知识补充〕(海明威的"丧钟为谁而鸣"来源于约翰.邓恩的一首诗)8：十七世纪：约翰.多恩——"莫悲伤"约翰.弥尔顿——"失乐园"、"哀失明"约翰.班扬——"天路历程"〔只了解"天路历程"是约翰.班扬写的就好〕9：十八世纪：丹尼尔.笛福——"鲁滨逊漂流记"乔纳森.斯威夫特——"格列佛游记"托马斯.格雷——"墓园哀歌"〔托马斯.哈代的"远离尘嚣"这一书名出自托马斯.格雷的"墓园哀歌"〕10：浪漫主义：华兹华斯——"丁登寺旁""我似浮云天自游"11：浪漫主义：拜伦——"唐璜"雪莱——"西风颂"约翰.济慈——"希望古瓮颂"、"夜莺颂"12：简奥斯丁——"傲慢与偏见"13：维多利亚时代〔小说家〕〔批判现实主义〕——狄更斯Dickens(早期代表人物〕作品："雾都孤儿"、"困难时世"、"双城记"、"远大前程"乔治.艾略特〔中期代表人物〕作品："弗洛斯河上的磨坊"托马斯.哈代Thomas Hardy "德伯家的苔丝""远离尘嚣""无名的裘德"维多利亚时代〔小说家〕〔批判现实主义〕：萨克雷〔"名利场"〕夏洛蒂.勃朗特〔"简爱"〕14：维多利亚时代〔诗歌〕：丁尼生——"尤利西斯"，"溅吧，溅吧，溅吧"罗伯特.勃朗宁& 伊丽莎白.勃朗——"我的前公爵夫人"15：二十世纪文学介绍：叶芝〔曾获诺贝尔文学奖〕，哈代，康拉德"黑暗之心"，詹姆斯.乔伊斯"尤利西斯" Ulysses，伍尔夫"达洛维夫人"Old and Medieval English Literature，Renaissance，17th Century，18th Century，Romanticism，Victorian Age, 20th century literature。
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English LiteratUre 考试题型：1填空2选择(1和2共50分)3•作品分析3道题/30分4. 论述题2道题/20分(老师说：填空选择主要以文学史，文学大家及他们的主要作品，文学主张等形式呈现；而作品分析以简答题形式出现)1: In troduct ion2: Old and MedieVaI English Literature: Beowulf ( the earliest English EPiC), Sir GaWain, ChaUCer(1): General prologue (结合参考资料LeCtUre 2)3: ChaUCer ⑵--The Wife of Bath Tales (注意讲故事的人与故事之间的relationship)4: Ren aissa nce: So nn ets ---Shakespeare, SPe nser (Sonn et18,29, 75, 34,54)5: Shakespeare: Drama (MerCha nt of VeniCe)6: Shakespeare: Drama (HamIet)'S "To 7: 17th Cen tury —Revoluti On and ReStOratiO n: MetaPhySiCaI poets (Joh n Donneand MarVeIhis coy mistress") . (For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway Came from One a poem ofJohn Donne：A VaIediCtion: Forbidding MoUrning .)8: 17th Century: John Donne ' S FOwting MOUrningJohn MiltOn ' S ParadiSe LOOn HiS BlindnessJohn BUnyan ' S The PiIgrim ' S PrOgreSS(JUSt knowing that this work is Written bythis author is OK)名利场9: 18th Century (现实主义的兴起) ：Daniel Defoe ( Robinson CrUSOe)Jonathan SWift(GUIliver ' S TraVeIS)ThOmaS Gray(EIegy Written in a CoUntry ChUrChyard)(The title of the book “ FarFrOm the Madding CroWC r by ThOmaS Hardy Came from “ Elegy Written in aCoUntry ChUrChyard ” )10: Roma nticism: WOrdSWOrth (LineS——Ti ntern Abbey)WOrdSWOrth(I Wan dered Lon ely as a Cloud) 注意本作品反映出的自然观11: Romanticism (早期浪漫主义)：Byron(Don JUan)SheIIey(Ode to the WeSt Wind)Joh n KeatS(Ode On a GreCia n Urn, Ode to a Nighti ngale) WaIter Scott: HiStOriCaIstory and novel : 十字军英雄记12: Jane AUSte n: Pride and PrejUdiCe (基于金钱上的爱情与婚姻)13: ViCtOria n no VeIiStS (CritiCaI realism):CharIeS DiCke ns(Early Stage)Works:OIiVer Twist, Hard Times, The Tale of Two Cities, Great EXPeCtati OnSGeOrge EIiot(MiddIe Stage)Works:The Mill On the FlossThOmaS Hardy (Late Stage,or early Stage of thetwen tieth Cen tury)Works : Far from the Madding Crowd (1874) , TeSS of the D'UrberVilles (1891) , JUde the ObSCUre (1895)ViCtoria n no VeliStS（CritiCal realism）:WiIliam MakePeaCe ThaCkeray（Va nity Fair）Charlotte Bron te（Ja ne Eyre）14: ViCtOria n Poets: Alfred, Lord TennySon（U Iysses; Break,break,Break）RObert Brow ning & EliZabeth Brow nin g（My LaSt Duchess）.15: IntroductiOn to 20th Century literature: Yeats, Hardy, Conrad ' Heart of darkness, JameS Joyce ' S The Dead, Woolf Als IDarSOWay上课内容：1:简介2:中古世纪英国文学：贝尔武夫（最早的英国史诗），高文（加文）骑士/爵士，乔叟（英国诗人）坎特伯雷故事集（1）General prologue （对于叙述者的介绍）3:乔叟一一坎特伯雷故事集（2）巴斯的老婆4：文艺复兴时期：十四行诗------ 莎士比亚，斯宾塞（意大利式风格一PetrarCh皮特拉克、英式风格一ShakeSPeare莎士比亚）5:莎士比亚戏剧一一威尼斯商人6:莎士比亚戏剧一一哈姆雷特7 :十七世纪一一革命与复辟：玄学派诗人（约翰•邓恩和马维尔一一致羞赧的情人：见背景知识补充）（海明威的《丧钟为谁而鸣》来源于约翰•邓恩的一首诗）&十七世纪：约翰多恩一一《莫悲伤》约翰•弥尔顿——《失乐园》、《哀失明》约翰•班扬一一《天路历程》（只了解《天路历程》是约翰•班扬写的就好）9:十八世纪：丹尼尔•笛福一一《鲁滨逊漂流记》乔纳森•斯威夫特——《格列佛游记》托马斯•格雷——《墓园哀歌》（托马斯•哈代的《远离尘嚣》这一书名出自托马斯•格雷的《墓园哀歌》）10:浪漫主义：华兹华斯一一《丁登寺旁》《我似浮云天自游》11:浪漫主义：拜伦——《唐璜》雪莱——《西风颂》约翰•济慈——《希望古瓮颂》、《夜莺颂》12:简奥斯丁一一《傲慢与偏见》13:维多利亚时代（小说家）（批判现实主义）一一狄更斯DiCkens（早期代表人物）作品：《雾都孤儿》、《艰难时世》、《双城记》、《远大前程》乔治.艾略特（中期代表人物）作品：《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》托马斯哈代ThOmaS Hardy《德伯家的苔丝》《远离尘嚣》《无名的裘德》维多利亚时代（小说家）（批判现实主义）：萨克雷（《名利场》）夏洛蒂•勃朗特（《简爱》）14：维多利亚时代（诗歌）：丁尼生一一《尤利西斯》，《溅吧，溅吧，溅吧》罗伯特•勃朗宁&伊丽莎白•勃朗一一《我的前公爵夫人》15:二十世纪文学介绍：叶芝（曾获诺贝尔文学奖），哈代，康拉德《黑暗之心》，詹姆斯•乔伊斯《尤利西斯》UIySSeS ,伍尔夫《达洛维夫人》Old and MedieVaI English LiteratUre , Renaissance, 17th Century , 18th Century , Romanticism , ViCtorian Age, 20th Century IiteratUre。
Chaucer: Can terbury Tales （结合参考资料PPT 2）1. Why is the collection called "Canterbury Tales"? What is the framework of this collect ion?为什么这一部故事集叫做《坎特伯雷故事集》？它的框架结构是什么？篇章是通过什么结合的？答：《坎特伯雷故事集》是英国作家乔叟的小说。
作品描写一群香客聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里，准备去坎特伯雷城朝圣。
店主人建议香客们在往返途中各讲两个故事，看谁讲的最好。
故事集包括了23个故事，广泛地反映了资本主义萌芽时期的英国社会生活，揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。
篇章通过朝圣”结合。
Refere nce an swer: On the Way to Can terbury for PiIgrimage, a group of people of differe nt social CIaSSeS gathered together and told StOrieS in turn. In this way, this collect ion got its n ame. The framework is PiIgrimage.2. In What SeaS On did the PiIgrimage take place? Why do you thi nk the author PUt the event in thistime of the year?朝圣是在什么季节进行的？为什么作者要把朝圣安排在一年的春季？答：朝圣是在春季进行的。
因为春季是一年的开端，代表着新生的季节，充满朝气与活力。
Refere nce an swer: PiIgrimage took place in SPri ng. BeCaUSe as the begi nning of a year, SPri ng represe nts new birth and is full of PaSSi Onanden ergy.3. What kind of PerS On is the SqUire (the kni ght's son)? What does he symbolize?骑士的儿子是一个怎样的人？他代表了什么？答：骑士的儿子是一个二十岁左右的年轻人，他衣着光鲜、仪容整洁、举止优雅。
他是一个精力充沛而且拥有成为一名真正的骑士梦想。
同时，他也渴望着宫廷式的爱情。
Refere nce an swer: The SqUire is n ear 20 years old. The young man is well-dressed, good look ing and well mann ered. He is also an en ergetic and PaSSi On ate youth who holds the dream of beco ming a kni ght and enjoying court love.4. From the descripti On give n in the Gen eral Prologue, What do you know about the nun?根据人物介绍中的描述，你认为修女是一个怎样的人？答：修女受过良好的教育，能够流利的使用法语。