浅析工程造价管理与投资控制(中英文)复习过程
浅谈工程造价管理与投资控制管理
浅 谈 工程 造 价 管 理 与投 资 控 制 管 理
马 列 行
摘 要： 比较 了工程造价 管理 与投资控制管理 的不 同之处 ， 详细地 阐述 了造价和投资管理 的含义 ， 分析 了工程造价价格
机制 的改变， 研究 了工程造 价管理和 投资控制在贯 穿项 目 全过程 中的作用 ， 从而取得 了较好的经济效益和社会效 益。
３ 施工 阶段 的投 资控制
建设项 目实施 阶段 ， 即工 程项 目施工 阶段 ， 是把 设计 图纸 和
一
项 技术 性、 专业性很强的工作 。它贯穿 于投资决策 、 目设计 、 项
招投标 、 建设 施工的各个阶段 ， 一个 动态的全过程 ， 是 涉及 到工程
原材料 、 成品 、 半 设备等 变成工程实体的过程 ， 是建设项 目价值 和 使用价值实现的主要 阶段 。施工 阶段的工程造 价控制 ， 实施建 是 设工程全过程造价管理的重要组 成部 分。
道修复等不 可预见 的外界障碍或 自然条件等风险因素的影响 。
２ ４ 确 定 合 理 的 评 标 办 法 ．
这些 问题 的产生给工程 造价 留 合理 的评标办法 对工程 的投 资 、 度 、 进 质量都 有着非 常重 要 材料代用等不可预见费用的问题 ， 下活 口因素。为有效地 控制造价应制定设计 变更 、 现场签 证管理 的影 响， 所以 ， 不论 采取什么办法评标 ， 一定要保证投标报 价的合
一
个 核心 问题 。要加强 造价管理 ， 高投资效 益 ， 提 必须形 成一个 我国现 行的投资管理大多是处 于阶段 性的管理 模式 ， 缺乏建
回流 ， 并实现增值 ； 而搞好 工程造 价管理 是为 了使投 资项 目的工 国家宏观 调控下 ， 以市场形成造价为主的价格 机制。 过程是资金 投入 ＋项 目实施 ＋项 目控 制 ＋资金 回收 ， 造价 的行为 设项 目全 过程综合 管理的意识 。建 设单位 、 设计单 位 、 工单位 施 过程是造 价确 定（ 包括投 资估算 、 计概算 、 工 图预算 ） 设 施 ＋过程 缺乏统一 的造价管理 目标和相互沟通 ， 工程监理单 位往往只局 限 很少介入投 资决策分析 。设计单 控制 ＋ 工决算。投资 的行为 过程 比造价 的行为 过程更 长 。同 于施工 阶段 的质 量与进度管理 ， 竣 是资金运作过程 ， 造价是使货币资金 转化为 实现 目标额度 内的资 位在设计 阶段虽做 了工程概算甚至细化 到预算 ， 由于缺少对设 但 产， 而投资是使 货币资金 转化 为资产 ， 通过资 产的使 用又使 货 计方 案造 价指标 的控 制约束 ， 并 导致设 计保守 、 投资偏 高。在施工 币资金回流、 增值。
工程造价论文中英文资料对照外文翻译
工程造价论文中英文资料对照外文翻译This paper focuses on the risk analysis of nal n XXX the unique risks associated with nal n projects。
including political。
economic。
and cultural risks。
It then outlines the XXX a risk analysis。
including risk n。
risk assessment。
and XXX.nXXX。
XXX by a range of unique risks that must be XXX for risk management in nal n projects.Unique Risks Associated with nal n ProjectsXXX are subject to a range of unique risks that are not present in XXX。
economic uncertainty。
cultural differences。
and legal XXX can impact the project。
Economic uncertainty XXX。
n。
or XXX project stakeholders。
while legal issues XXX.Risk Analysis ProcessThe risk analysis process involves several steps。
including risk n。
risk assessment。
and XXX all potential risks that couldimpact the project。
This can be done through brainstorming ns。
浅谈专业工程造价与成本控制管理中英文翻译
浅谈专业工程造价与成本控制管理中英文翻译Introduction to professional engineering cost and cost control management in both Chinese and English translation摘要：市政工程建设与工业工程建设一样，按照国家主管部门的统一规定，将一项建设工程划分为建设项目、单项工程、单位工程、分部工程、分项工程五个等级。
控制与管理市政工程造价的成本关系着一个项目的收益其重要性不言而喻。
本文先谈谈造成市政工程造价成本控制困难的原因，接着提出一套解决性措施，希望能对同行有所启发。
Abstract: the municipal engineering construction and industrial construction projects, in accordance with the unity of the competent department of the state regulations to divide a construction project for the construction project, single items of projects, unit projects, divisions, subdivisional work five grades. Cost control and management of municipal construction cost of the relationship between its importance is self-evident. The profitability of a project This article talk about the causes of difficult control of municipal engineering cost, and then puts forward a set of measures to solve, hope to inspire peers.关键词：市政工程工程造价成本控制管理策略Keywords: municipal engineering cost control of construction cost management strategy一、引言One, the introduction市政工程建设与工业工程建设一样，按照国家主管部门的统一规定，将一项建设工程划分为建设项目、单项工程、单位工程、分部工程、分项工程五个等级。
中外文摘要
浅析工程造价管理与投资控制约翰杜威．工程项目建设的中心任务就是实现项目目标。
从客观意义上讲，投资目标的实现才是业主经济效益的真正体现；而工程造价的确定与投资的有效控制是工程建设管理不可缺少的重要组成部分，在项目建设管理中有着特殊的地位。
随着我国经济体制改革的不断深入，国民经济持续发展，怎样加强工程造价管理，提高项目投资效益？这是当前投资和造价改革的一个重大课题。
造价和投资在国民经济发展中和社会经济活动中，有很多一致的地方，但不是一个等同的概念。
从目的来看，搞好投资是为了使投下去的一定量的货币能保证回流，并实现增值；而搞好造价是为了使投资项目的工程价格水平控制在目标额度之内；从行为过程来看，投资的行为过程是资金投入+项目实施+项目控制+资金回收，造价的行为过程是造价确定（包括投资估算、设计概算、施工图预算）+过程控制+竣工决算。
投资的行为过程比造价的行为过程更长。
同是资金运作过程，造价是使货币资金转化为实现目标额度内的资产，而投资是使货币资金转化为资产，并通过资产的使用又使货币资金回流。
造价是投资的一个关键部分和主要内容，它包括建设工程从建设筹备到竣工验收所需费用的总和，它由建筑安装工程费、设备工具购置费、工程建设其他费用、预备费、建设期贷款利息、固定资产投资方向调节税和铺底流动资金等项组成。
价格机制是造价管理的核心问题，也是投资宏观决策和提高项目投资效益的一个核心问题。
要加强造价管理，提高投资效益，必须形成一个国家宏观调控下，以市场形成造价为主的价格机制。
传统的预算定额制度在计划经济体制下，对加强计划管理，减少投资浪费等方面起到了一定的积极作用。
但随着社会主义市场经济的逐步建立和发展，现行预算定额制度与之越来越不相适应：定额中“量”和“价”没有分开，形成了“活市场”和“死单价”的矛盾，不能在市场中真实地、及时地、准确地反映建筑产品的造价；现行预算定额中综合程度较大，施工手段消耗部分统得较死，构成工程实体消耗部分是由设计决定的，而施工消耗部分，如脚手方案、垂直运输等内容应由施工企业在确保全面履行合同的前提下自行决定，现行定额中，把本应属于竞争的内容凝固化了，不利于施工企业发挥优势，竞争取胜；现行预算定额带有法定性质和强制性质，对预算定额直接费的取费标准，开发商和承包商都不得随意改变，还是计划定价为主；现行预算定额计价主要由直接费、间接费、独立费、利润和税金构成，除直接费外其余各项都以取费率的形式出现，取费固定化，不利于直观地反映各项工程内容的价格，并与国际报价方式差距也较大。
工程造价管理全过程控制的重要性外文翻译外文文献英文文献工程造价管理全过程控制的重要性
工程造价管理全过程控制的重要性一、工程造价管理全过程控制的必要性谈到工程造价的管理和控制，我们便习惯地想到是工程预决算。
确实，就目前的体制和现实而言，工程造价的管理和控制工作就是预决算。
即预决算人员根据已经确定的施工图计算工程量、套用定额、计取费用，或在施工结束后根据图纸和施工组织设计以及现场施工签证记录等资料编制竣工决算。
这固然是必要的，有用的。
但我们也要看到，当预决算人员编制施工图预算或竣工决算时，建设方案和设计图纸都已经确定了的。
而施工是以按图施工为原则，那么这时预决算人员所做的工作只是计算设计变更所产生的费用变化以及防止高估冒算。
而假如项目在经济上是不合理的，决策存在失误；假如设计方案在技术上不可行或者不是最优，则预决算人员无能为力。
也就是说现行体制下，预决算人员的工作只是事后算帐，只能消极地反映已完工程量，只能被动地反映设计和施工。
这显然是片面的，不够的，我们必须对建设项目工程造价进行全过程监控。
结合我国的具体情况，造价管理存在的问题如下：1、不够重视投资决策阶段工程造价的确控投资决策是产生工程造价源头，这一阶段耗资约占总投资额的0.5%～3%，但能有效提高项目的投资效益。
对建设项目进行合理的选择是对经济资源进行优化配置的最直接、最重要的手段，项目投资效益影响到整个国民经济的效率和效益。
发达国家对投资决策阶段工程造价的确控十分重视，不惜花大本钱、大力气进行投资决策阶段的工程造价研究，作出相对比较准确的工程造价，进行控制。
长期以来，我国的工程建设存在投资膨胀严重的现象，造成工期越拖越长，工程造价越来越高。
原因是缺乏建设前期确定工程造价的有效依据，只能依据专家、决策者们借鉴已完成的项目工程造价进行估算，但又往往因为诸多因素影响，三超”现象相当普遍，究其原因，主要有：(1) 人为因素造成概算降低。
(2) 设备和材料价格的不按市场行情制定。
(3) 在项目实施过程中，建设单位提出超过设计标准的过高要求2、设计阶段的工程造价控制不严设计阶段是建设项目工程造价控制的龙头。
工程造价计价与控制-复习提纲(整 理)模板
第一章工程造价构成第一节概述一、我国现行投资构成和工程造价的构成建设项目投资含固定资产投资和流动资产投资两部分，建设项目总投资中的固定资产投资与建设项目的工程造价在量上相等。
工程造价的构成按工程项目建设过程中各类费用支出或花费的性质、途径等来确定，是通过费用划分和汇集所形成的工程造价的费用分解结构。
工程造价基本构成中，包括用于购买工程项目所含各种设备的费用，用于建筑施工和安装施工所需支出的费用，用于委托工程勘察设计应支付的费用，用于购置土地所需的费用，也包括用于建设单位自身进行项目筹建和项目管理所花费费用等。
总之，工程造价是工程项目按照确定的建设内容、建设规模、建设标准、功能要求和使用要求等全部建成并验收合格交付使用所需的全部费用。
我国现行工程造价的构成主要划分为设备及工、器具购置费用、建筑安装工程费用、工程建设其他费用、预备费、建设期贷款利息、固定资产投资方向调节税等几项。
具体构成内容如图所示。
二、世界银行工程造价的构成1978年，世界银行、国际咨询工程师联合会对项目的总建设成本(相当于我国的工程造价)作了统一规定，其详细内容如下。
（一）项目直接建设成本项目直接建设成本包括以下内容：（1）土地征购费。
（2）场外设施费用，如道路、码头、桥梁、机场、输电线路等设施费用。
（3）场地费用，指用于场地准备、厂区道路、铁路、围栏、场内设施等的建设费用。
（4）工艺设备费，指主要设备、辅助设备及零配件的购置费用，包括海运包装费用、交货港离岸价，但不包括税金。
（5）设备安装费，指设备供应商的监理费用，本国劳务及工资费用，辅助材料、施工设备，消耗品和工具等费用，以及安装承包商的管理费和利润等。
（6）管道系统费用，指与系统的材料及劳务相关的全部费用。
（7）电气设备费，其内容与第4项相似。
（8）电气安装费，指设备供应商的监理费用，本国劳务与工资费用，辅助材料、电缆、管道和工具费用，以及营造承包商的管理费和利润。
（9）仪器仪表费，指所有自动仪表、控制板、配线和辅助材料的费用以及供应商的监理费用、外国或本国劳务及工资费用、承包商的管理费和利润。
外文翻译-工程造价管理浅论(中英文对照)
the stage of the project cost managementAbstract：Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost. Described the current stage of the project cost management situation on the strengthening of the various stages of construction cost management of the importance of and raised a number of key initiatives.Keywords：project cost；the current stage of the project；project cost management；Even under the WTO and China's accession to the world community，China's construction industry how to effectively control construction cost of the construction and management of an important component part. However，the current budget for the construction projects - estimate，budget，Super budget accounts for the "super three" is still widespread and that eventually led to a serious loss of control of project investment. Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost.As the project cost to the project runs through the entire process，stage by stage can be divided into Investment Decision stage，the design and implementation phases. The so-called Project Cost effective control is the optimization of the construction plans and design programs on the basis of in the building process at all stages，use of certain methods and measures to reduce the cost of the projects have a reasonable control on the scope and cost of the approved limits.Engineering and cost management work of the current status of project cost management system was formed in the 1950s，1980s perfect together. Performance of the country and directly involved in the management of economic activities. Provisions in the design stage to different estimates or budget preparation as well as government; Nothing relevant departments to formulate a budget，content，methods and approval，the budget will provide the fixed cost of equipment and materials and fixed price of the budget preparation，approval，management authority，and so on.With the historical process，after recovery，reform and development，formed a relatively complete budget estimate of quota management system. However，as the socialist market economic development，the system's many problems have also exposed. Generally speaking，the budget estimate is based on direct participation in the management of national economic activity as a precondition. Enterprise is not the actual economic entities. Due to the characteristics of the planned economy，and，at the time under the conditions of productivity，will inevitably become a shortage in the economy.In severe shortage of commodities under the conditions，as long as a certain level of investment，will be certain outputs. In this environment，the project planning and technical argumentation there can be no economic analysis. State control of the project cost constitute key factors equipment and materials prices，wages and taxes of artificial distribution. In this relatively stable economic environment，the budget estimate for the system approved project cost，help the government to carry out investment plans to play a major role.As the socialist market economic system established，requires us to predict project investment and control. In recent years，international investment project developed to the requirements of prior pre-control and in the middle of control. China，the traditional practice in an objective light onthe cause decision-making，implementation heavy，light the economy and technology，First，the consequences of victimization，Due to the technical personnel of the project technical and economic concepts and a weak awareness of cost control，cost management makes the quality difficult to raise. Project Cost control is difficult to achieve long-term goals.Second，the various stages of the project management view of the above circumstances，My first academia in the 1980s made the whole process of cost management and control concept，building departments will study the feasibility of projects and the budgets and final accounts to two extended at the request of the corresponding regulations put our cost management concepts and methods referred to a new height.Our task now is to be modern and cost management in line with China's national conditions of the market economy system goal，learn from the advanced experience of the developed countries，and establish sound market economic laws of project cost management system，efforts to increase the project cost levels. An investment decision-making phase of the project cost management construction project investment decision-making stage is proposed project proposals; conduct a feasibility study to determine investment estimation and the final preparation of design task. At this stage，the project's technical and economic decision-making，of the construction project cost of the project after the completion of the economic benefits have a decisive influence，The construction cost is an important stage control.China's current stage of the project cost for the project management for the purpose of clearing price，and focusing only on the construction process of cost control，neglected before the start of the project investment decision-making stage of cost control. Investment decision-making phase of investment projects is estimated an important basis for decision-making. Ithas a direct impact on national economic and financial analysis of the results of the reliability and accuracy. Because of this phase is the preliminary work of projects，the information cannot be fully，comparable works more or less that information accumulated relatively small，estimated inadequate and unscientific. Makes project cost management and cost workers is difficult at this stage do something.The various stages of the project cost control in the decision-making phase project cost control. Right project planning phase of the cost，many owners have the wrong understanding that the lower the cost the better. Cost control is not a unilateral issue，and should be a number of factors，a combination of practical，comprehensive consideration. The construction project investment decision-making stage，the project's technical and economic decision-making，Cost of the project after the completion of the project and the economic benefits，with a decisive role in project cost control is an important stage，rationally define and control the direction of the project cost of accurate positioning and building Optimization guiding role.In the decision-making phase of the most important is to do a good job feasibility study，the work is done well，returns on investment and can form a good proportion. Otherwise，invest more，less effective，resulting in loss of control and waste of investment.At present，some of the projects planned the owners of departure from the subjective desires of a feasibility study on the lack of scientific proof. Feasibility Study untrue，false or engineering functions obtaining the approval of their superiors，actually put into the feasibility study will be awarded in the study for the project after the smooth functioning buried a lot of hidden problems，lead to insufficient follow-up funds for the project andhad to extend the time limit so that the project could not have planned the use of cost-effective，even become hopeless completion of the beard works.Therefore，in order to phase in the investment decision-making effectively control construction costs，we must do the following aspects: Implementationof the construction project and corporate accountability，Construction of the project from planning to implementation of the entire process and the use of the funds to repay responsibilities to the people. in addition to establishing a legal system and the project supervision matching mechanism by the departments in charge of the industry and supervision departments for setting up a monitoring group to oversee the use of funds.A realistic approach to market analysis，to avoid the blindness of the project decision-making，reduces and reduces investment risk. Fully consider building projects in the future market competitiveness，design task more scientific and reliability.Capital financing must have a formal commitment document，the parties must do investment funds in place，and funds must have documents to ensure that the project can be approved after the scheduled implementation. To the various loan conditions should be carefully analyzed to minimize the burden of interest and repayment pressure.To strengthen the engineering geology，hydrology，geology and land，water，electricity，transport，environmental projects such as external conditions for the work of depth to make the investment estimate there are sufficient grounds.Taking extensive investigation and research，comparison of similar projects，seriously functional analysis，multi-program comparison and choice. After full technical appraisal and economic evaluation，and the final technologically advanced，functional and reliable. Reasonable economic projects，thus calculate a more accurate and realistic estimation of theamount of investment，so that the project cost from the start positioning in a more reasonable level.The design phase of the project cost control for a long time，China's building control very effective，- investment projects is not uncommon，this will affect owners of investment returns，it adds to the owners and within budget，as well as difficulties in fund owners，the impact on the future management or the owners make payments in arrears，and so on. Hence，the control of the project cost is of great significance，however the project cost is the primary means of control design，Currently most of the property owners in the design stage seldom works on cost control，and they found that the cost of the design will not have a great impact，it is wrong，on the contrary，Design phase of the project cost control is the most important step. Because it determines engineering design，construction methods，materials and equipment types，models of the project cost is of critical significance，design optimization phase of the program or minor changes，project cost will have a significant impact，Design phase of the project cost control of the total project cost of 70%. Following is how to control the project from design to create the Law: As the owners must design，the design selected on the quality level is a direct impact on the quality of product design level，and the design quality products in the level of direct influence on the pricing of the works. Different design units on the same project design are different. the same item of different design institute works between certain aspects of the project cost on the existence of differences between，We assume that with a design from two different design institute to design，Construction plans after the completion of a requested advisory unit cost to do the budget，certainly different design institute the total cost of the project is absolutely not the same，and most of the difference between the two over 10% even more than30%，and not necessarily high cost than the design of low cost，and good design is often low cost，We all know that different people have different design styles and different levels，the design works naturally，therefore chosen to design units is the control on the first step. Through tender to select the design of the units is a good method，the tender documents to elaborate on this particular aspect of the requirements，cost control targets，and so on.Otherwise，in the subsequent design process design units will put an increase in the cost of the design requirements; through tendering the project design into the market，compared to select the best design units.Promoting the design bidding and design optimization campaign mode design units assessed by experts using scientific group France，in accordance with applicable，economic，aesthetic principles and advanced technology，reasonable structure to meet building energy efficiency and environmental requirements，comprehensive assessment of the merits of the program design，selection of the best determination of the successful program.Successful investment program estimated to be close to the general construction project scope of investment. This means two design contracts will help design the program of choice and competition to ensure that the selected design advanced technology，unique novelty，adaptability，as well as to control the cost of the project. Design units should strive to improve their quality of the project design clever idea，contemporary reducing the project cost on to rack their brains to improve design quality，strive to put the design phase of the project cost control approval of the investment ceiling.Strengthening the design stage of the design phase to strengthen supervision of the Commissioner to determine a reasonable design，maturetechnology，reduction in the construction phase major design changes and changes in the program，in the effective control of the project cost will play a role. 1 to the design of the project if the project supervision to get involved，excluding unfavorable factors may generally is excluded from the 80% errors. In the entire process of building cost control，construction began at best to save and invest 20%，the key lies in the construction phase of the identification and control costs. Supervision of the design phase include : Design Institute under the design drawings and notes help owners deal with different design options for the economy，capital expenditure to develop the preliminary estimates，to ensure that the investment can be most effectively utilized. With the owners of the Commissioner include:According to the Design Institute to provide design drawings and notes to help owners deal with different design options for the economy，capital expenditures to develop the preliminary plan to ensure that investment can be most effectively used; with the owners of different design options，the need to calculate their own materials and equipment to conduct a cost analysis and study，to the design staff costs，to assist them in the investment limit within limits designed to save and invest. To seek a one-time small investment and economic good design program made the most rational economic indicators.Design actively promote the so-called cap limit design，even with the approval of the design task and investment estimates，guarantee the functional requirements of the premise. The preliminary design and control budget，according to the preliminary approval of the total budget for the design and construction design control. Limits，and every one professional，each of whom have a design threshold of a target. In the design process，designers should progress to more programs，design optimization，ensuring that the design is technically advanced and reasonable，innovative，stylish，and do not break the limit investment objectives，thus eliminating theengineering design raise the factor of safety and design standards，or only consider the technical feasibility of the program，rather than economic rationality phenomenon，the project cost to ensure effective control.Also known as the value of value engineering analysis，is a modern scientific management technique，is a new techno-economic analysis，is the product of functional analysis to conserve resources and reduce the cost of the purpose of an effective method. It made up for the traditional cost management simply focus on cost reduction and quality management only emphasizes improving the quality deficiencies，construction is conducive to resolving the long-standing long period，a lot of wastage，poor quality，high-cost problems. Value Engineering laws generally divided into three steps: assessment of the design of object technology and economic Score; Calculation of the target group of technical and economic indicators; calculate the geometric design of the object，on average; From comparison choose the best design.Construction phase of the project implementation unit construction cost management to control the cost of the project is reasonable in the project to meet quality standards premise，in the investment decision-making stage，the design phase and construction phase of the project put the project approval occurred in the control limits，strive in various construction projects rational use of human，material and financial resources to achieve good investment returns and social benefits.The project cost control and management is a dynamic process. The dynamic market economy，to make the investment in the identification and control become more complex，this will require the construction units to the management of project cost to the project runs through the entire process，it is necessary to have a comprehensive focus. The implementation phase of the projects. The implementation phase of the project cost management is theimplementation of the entire process of project management. Project implementation phase of the project cost management can be divided into three parts: the tender management，construction management and settlement management.Bidding for the construction phase of the construction units Bidding system control engineering cost effective means，bid organization can improve the cost-effectiveness of construction projects and ensure the quality of construction projects，shortening the construction cycle return on the investment，construction units can take full advantage of bidding for the effective means of cost control.Construction No. 10 on the 7th ministerial decree issued a "contract with the Construction Contract Pricing Management." clearly pointed out in bidding for projects using inventories. This requires the building of units conducting the tender exercise，in the tender document to include not only the usual content，like tender notes before schedule，tender notes，the conditions of the contract，the contract terms of the agreement，contract format，technical specifications，drawings，tender documents and other reference format，it is also necessary to provide the engineering inventory，Bidding as a reference document of the important components.Construction units in the tender document for the project inventory，in accordance with state or local rules promulgated by the calculation that the reunification of the divided projects，unified measurement units and the reunification of the engineering calculation rules，according to design drawings to be calculated and statistical arranged，obtain the list. Quantities to be followed in the preparation of an objective，impartial，scientific，and rational principle. Compilers must have strong manly budget，and should have certain knowledge of the engineering design and construction experience，and the material and mechanical construction technology forcomprehensive scientific knowledge，in order to calculate the volume of the works without heavy missed. The basis of which must be in accordance with state regulations engineering calculation rules，and the sub-projects division engineering units，and in accordance with design drawings，design essential Love tender documentation requirements are calculated.Quantities of the project should have a testing general，the entries must be simple，while not appear Lousing wrong items Pricing should guarantee the correctness of the project. Should the requirements of the different grades separate engineering division，the situation was different; We may have different prices for the items separately. This requires the preparation of the list compilers，seriously study design drawings，Analysis of the tender documents include the elements of the work and the different technical requirements，all familiar with the process，and to the scene of serious investigation，is forecast to make possible the construction of the case，right will have an impact on the Price of projects to be broken down. In addition，because the project inventories to calculate the amount of the project is not complete engineering and consider the interests of the construction units，clearly paying the price for the same overall price，the quantity list by the number of actual construction is a practical terms.In the evaluation and review of the tender offer should do the units total individual Price quotations and the comprehensive assessment. Price does not meet the requirements of individual shows Price meets the requirements，and the lowest total Price could not explain the single lowest bidder. Bidders often know the total cost to maintain the same circumstances; the project is likely to change smaller projects to lower the price.Changes may be larger projects price increases to achieve the completion of clearing works will be added for the purpose. We would also do price and the corresponding quantity of comprehensive engineeringassessment of the large volume of projects to focus on the price analysis. Price will do with the contents of the work，construction program，a comprehensive technical evaluation process，thereby preferred choice of a construction unit. Construction of the construction phase of the contract cost control basis. Signed tight construction contract，while strengthening the construction contract management can guarantee that the contract price is reasonable，legitimacy and reduce the performance of the contract A，B in disputes and safeguard the interests of both the contract，effective control of the works investment costs.After the signing of the contract，to do the management contract documentation，contract and the supplementary contract agreement until the regular meeting site in minutes. Work contacts such as a single content of a contract extension and explained that the integrity must be preserved，in addition to establishing a technical files，Implementation of the contract for dynamic analysis，results of the analysis to take proactive measures.Construction phase in the construction phase construction plan is based on the budget or Ken works contract price of the target，Ken control the cost of the project. At this stage of conservation has room for a small，but the possibility of waste is great. Thereby to control the cost of the project to give sufficient attention.Construction program to strengthen the comparative technical and economic construction program is construction design of a re - to the contents of the work，a reasonable construction plan，shorten the construction period and ensure the quality of the project，improving economic efficiency，Construction of the program right from the technical and economic evaluation were compared，through qualitative and quantitative analysis，the quality，time，Cost three technical and economic indicators，be rational，and effective use of manpower，material and financial resources，achieve better economic efficiency，good construction management relations，a comprehensive cost management is an important way.Strictly related changes to the project budget control in the proposed budget. Construction of the changes caused by many reasons，including works poorly designed，so that the engineering contract with the drawings provided inconsistent; The current market supply of materials does not meet the standard specifications of the design requirements. These issues have to leave breadwinner project cost factors. Therefore，in the construction process，we must tighten customs change，through no design changes to expand the scale and improve the design standards; increase the construction and contents，the best implementation of the "grade control，visa quota" system. Right to change the design，particularly as it relates to the cost of the design changes must be approved by the design units，construction units scene representatives，supervision engineers common signature，and should be ahead of this type of change，reduce losses，because it has been completed or partially completed project will entail the demolition of the contents，it is bound to cause major changes to the loss. Therefore，the construction units should be assigned to the project cost management professionals Permanent construction site，to grasp at any time. Control project cost of the changes.Works on the scene visa formalities through strict control of the construction project supervision system，the establishment of specialized departments，Professional use of the professional management of projects and to avoid project management personnel just visas，not economic account of the phenomenon. Investment out of control caused serious consequences. To serious change visa procedures to be taken to the building，Supervisor，the construction site together representatives signed the way toensure that change，visa authenticity，legitimacy，economic and avoid fraud and the resulting phenomena arising from the dispute.In the course of construction，the construction units to enhance on-site construction management，supervision and construction side according to the drawings，and strictly control the change of the negotiations，materials substitution，the scene visas，and various additional extra budgetary labor costs for the necessary changes should be done first afterwards，after money，Change event on the timely change in the calculation of the workload and the cost of change occurred to grasp at any time cost of the project level，things to avoid a backlog of work that the true cost of the project.Construction unit representatives to the scene to supervise doing a good job record，particularly concealed records and visas，reduce clearing the passing phenomenon. Many works visa scene is not as serious，works to bring a very large settlement of the trouble，lead to considerable economic losses，the scene strict visa management of the construction phase of the project cost control key.Of project list rigorous review of the project on the review of inventories，Engineers’ monitor list of measures to control the project. BOQ to provide the list of measures is to complete construction projects，occurred in the pre-construction engineering and construction process technology，life and safety aspects of non-engineering projects entities. At this stage because many projects are in construction plans and the construction site of the imperfections on the tender wait until the construction tender of the project design and actual scene have better access. Management Engineer addresses the gathering first-hand information on the original，itemized checking identification，inconsistent make revisions.Control material consumption，rationally define material prices. Cost of the project control materials price control is the main，the cost of materials in engineering often holds substantial proportion，usually accounts for the estimated costs of 70%，representing the direct costs of 80%. It is necessary in the construction phase in strict accordance with the contract amount of material control; material set reasonable prices，so as to effectively control the cost of the project. Market economy material supply a variety of channels，variety and price range materials，construction unit budget management and field personnel should pay close attention to market rates，with the progress of the scene，the market，hand in the construction of the information and materials for the completion of the accounts provide a strong basis.Technology and economic integration，strengthening investment control. Effective control of the investment，from organizational，technical，economic，contracts，and other measures. Therefore，the construction units must strengthen management，engineering and technical personnel of the "economy" concept，the quality of education，Training pragmatic working style，the construction side to help improve construction design，reasonable security，financial，and material resources. Accelerate the pace of work to improve the quality of the projects. Construction should encounter problems in a timely manner with the designer linked to choose both economic and scientific potential solutions，overcome the waste caused by command，to give due attention to the importance of investment in conservation，is responsible for the engineering technician with the combination of economic officers from the tender，contract negotiations，costing the budget，signed paid to the progress of the completion of the accounts，a cost analysis，the whole process management and strictly control the cost of the project.。
工程造价与管理论文英文文献中英对照
英文文献Engineering cost managementProject cost control emphasis should be transferred to the project construction early days, is transferred to the project decision and design stage. Project cost control in construction projects throughout the entire process, the key lies in the pre construction investment decision-making with design phase, whereas in the investment decision is made, the key lies in designing. According to expert analysis: architectural design, in the preliminary design stage, design stage, construction design stage to the engineering effect were 75% ~ 95%, 35% ~ 75%, 5% ~ 35%; while in the construction phase, through the optimization of construction organization design, construction cost saving the possibility of only 5% to 10%. We should put the focus shifted to the design stage, in order to get twice the result with half the effort.Pay attention to the technical and economic optimization combination. The combination of technology with economy is most effective way to control engineering cost. China engineering fields for a long time did not do this. The lack of technical personnel economy idea, design thought is conservative, the design of the outcome of the economy are not fully reflect. Therefore, we should solve the problem is to improve economic efficiency as the goal, in the construction process, organization, technology and economy organic ground union rises. Through the economic analysis, comparative study and effect evaluation, correct processing of advanced technology and reasonable in economy between the relation of unity of opposites, strive to advanced technology under the conditions of economic rational, reasonable in economy based on advanced technology.Carry out "limitation is designed" method. To be consciously put the application of value engineering to the specific design, actively promote quota design in engineering design contract, by way of bidding. This has been proven in practice is an effective way, it is not only an economic problem, more precisely a technical and economic problems. This "limitation is designed" to effectively control the project cost. In order to make the "limitation is designed" to achieve the desired objectives, should be involved in the design personnel must be experienced skilled economic designer. Their design results must be practical, advanced and reasonable cost. Control of engineering cost on the other hand is the need for comparison, because the outcome is a process of gradual improvement, and not to decide, so the comparison is a measure of its practical, advanced and economical means.Do good project cost control in the process. ( 1) compilation of economic and feasible construction scheme. Before construction, construction enterprises should be combined with the construction drawings and the actual situation at the scene, their mechanical equipment, construction experience, the management level and technical specification acceptance criteria, a set of practical and feasible construction scheme. The construction scheme is engineering implementation of the programme of action. ( 2) to technical personnel, materials, machinery and personnel staff communicationand coordination. In the process of construction, construction technology, materials and mechanical personnel should cooperate closely, understand each other, to management as the core, to reduce costs for the purpose of. ( 3) to the project completion settlement. Strict supervision system. Control project cost effectively, in the early phase of the project shall be subject to supervision (including cost management ) system. Through analyzing the design process of supervision, make the design more reasonable, cost control to limit the scope of, accomplish truly with the smallest investment maximize output.Strict supervision system. Control project cost effectively, in the early phase of the project shall be subject to supervision (including cost management ) system. Through analyzing the design process of supervision, make the design more reasonable, cost control to limit the scope of, accomplish truly with the smallest investment maximize output.To establish and perfect the independent project cost advisory body, cultivate a Zhi De have both engineering team. To establish a real sense of independent engineering cost consulting agencies. Through improving the laws and regulations, normative behavior, separate government functions from enterprise management, the establishment of independent business partnership, share-holding system, the limited responsibility system and other forms of organization, an industry-based, diversified services integrated project consulting company, build and development and reform the engineering cost intermediary service institutions, make construction project management of a gradual transition by an independent specialized agency in charge of project cost whole process tracking management, truly between owner and contractor plays an intermediary role. To strengthen engineering cost consulting industry association construction, establish project cost consulting industry self-discipline mechanism, and constantly improve the Engineering Cost Association in engineering cost consulting industry status, to be truly representative of the interests of the majority of the industry practitioners, government and enterprises to become connection link and the bridge. At the same time to strengthen the project cost specialty in higher education and in service education. As a result of project cost management in construction projects and various economic interests are closely related, and the whole social economic activities play a very important role, it requires the cost engineering technical personnel should have different levels of knowledge, in addition to their professional knowledge and have a deep understanding, also deal with the design content, design process, construction technology, project management, economic laws and regulations have a comprehensive understanding of. Therefore, the project cost management, project cost per unit of society groups, has already obtained a cost engineer qualification personnel, in order to carry out plan, has the goal, multiple levels of continuing education and training, to understand and master Chinese bilateral agreements with countries project cost technology, regulations, management system and its development trend, to expand domestic and foreign exchanges, and actively participate in international or regional engineering activities, improve their professional quality, so that the current practitioners in intelligentstructure, theory and working experience three aspects can meet the needs of engineering cost management. Cost engineering professionals need to strengthen their own learning, in addition to the professional knowledge to upgrade, should also work in combination with a broad understanding and master the relevant engineering and technical expertise, educational organizations and industry regulatory bodies constitute a complete education system, so as to the field of engineering senior talent development to create good conditions.中文译文：工程造价与管理工程造价控制重点应转移到项目建设的前期，即转移到项目决策和设计阶段。
工程造价管理与投资控制
的各项 内容 进行仔细分析 ，弄清 实施项 目的原因和 目的 ， 为科 学 决 策做 好 准 备 ，避 免 盲 目投 资造 成 投 资风 险 。 三、工程设计阶段造价的合理控制 投资 管理 与造价控 制应 贯 穿于工程 的全 过程 ，在 设 计 阶段 ，设计的方案直接影响工程项 目投资。设计 方案的
建 设 全 过 程 ，建 设 单 位 、施 工 单 位 、 监 理 单 位 需 要 相 互 配 合 ， 对 工 程 进 行 全 面 管理 ，确 保 投 资 的效 益 和 工 程 的 顺
成 了设计概算 ，确定 了投 资的最高 限额。 因此 ，工程 设计 是影 响和控制建设工程造价 的关键环节和重要阶段。 二 、投资决策阶段的投资管理
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工程造价管理与投资控制
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随着 建筑 的快速 发展 ，贯 穿于工 程项 目运 行全过 程 的造价管理对建筑 企业经济效益具有决定性作用。在工程
加强造价 管理 ，提高投 资效 益，必须 形成 一个国家宏观调 控 下，以市场 形成造价 为主的价格机 制。传统 的预 算定额 制度 在计 划经济体 制下 ，对加强计 划管理 ，减 少投 资浪费 等方面起 到了一定 的积极作 用。造价确定 与投 资控 制贯穿 项 目建设 全过程 ，而对 项 目投 资影响最 大的是 设计 阶段 。 在 建 设项 目的 整 个 寿命 期 内 ，项 目的 初步 设计 基 本 上决 定
项 目立项 前 ，建 设单 位 需 要 向 国 家相 关 部 门提 交 项 目
利。
工程造价的管理英语作文
工程造价的管理英语作文Managing the cost of engineering projects is a crucial aspect of ensuring the success and profitability of a construction venture. It involves the careful estimation and control of expenses related to labor, materials, equipment, and other resources.The first step in managing project costs is to conduct a thorough and accurate cost estimation. This involves analyzing the scope of work, determining the quantity and quality of materials required, and evaluating the labor and equipment needs. A detailed cost estimate provides a baseline for budgeting and helps in identifying potential cost overruns.Once the project is underway, it is essential to monitor and control costs to ensure that they stay within the budget. This involves tracking expenses, comparing them to the estimated costs, and identifying any discrepancies. Effective cost control measures may include negotiatingbetter prices with suppliers, optimizing resource allocation, and implementing cost-saving initiatives.In addition to controlling direct costs, it isimportant to consider indirect costs such as overhead, administrative expenses, and contingencies. These costs can significantly impact the overall project budget and should be carefully managed to avoid financial strain on the construction company.Another important aspect of cost management is the identification and mitigation of risks that could lead to cost overruns. This involves conducting risk assessments, developing contingency plans, and implementing proactive measures to minimize the impact of potential risks onproject costs.Effective communication and collaboration among project stakeholders, including clients, contractors, and suppliers, are essential for successful cost management. Transparent and open communication helps in identifying cost-saving opportunities, resolving issues that may impact projectcosts, and ensuring that everyone is aligned with the budgetary goals.Ultimately, successful cost management in engineering projects requires a proactive and strategic approach that takes into account the dynamic nature of construction projects. By carefully estimating, monitoring, and controlling costs, construction companies can improve their profitability and competitiveness in the industry.。
工程造价的投资控制与管理
工程造价的投资控制与管理摘要:有效地控制工程造价,可节约建设项目投资,本文从投资决策、工程设计、招投标与合同阶段、施工阶段、竣工结算审核阶段几方面阐述了对进行工程造价的有效控制。
关键词:工程造价;投资控制abstract: the effective control of the construction cost, can save the investment of construction projects, this paper, from the investment decision-making, engineering design, bidding and contract stage, construction stage and completed the examining a few aspects of the stage for the engineering cost effective control.keywords: engineering construction; investment control 中图分类号：tu723.3文献标识码：a 文章编号：如何在项目投资控制管理工作中发挥造价工程师的作用,我认为,应从投资决策阶段、设计阶段、招投标与合同阶段、施工阶段、竣工结算五个阶段的投资进行重点控制。
1项目决策阶段在这一阶段,建设单位要切实做好项目的可行性研究,根据市场需要及发展前景,合理确定建设规模。
建设单位必须投入大量的人力、物力和时间,对工程项目在技术、市场以及经济效益分析等各方面作出深入的调研和正确的评价,编制的投资估算尽可能全面,充分考虑建设期间可能出现的各种因素对工程造价的影响,使投资估算真正起到控制项目投资的作用。
2设计阶段的投资事前控制项目作出投资决策后,控制项目投资的关键就在于设计。
为实现各设计阶段的投资控制目标,造价工程师可采取下列措施:2. 1推行设计招标,择优选择设计单位积极推行建筑方案与经济方案相结合的设计招标办法,采用多家竞投,组织有关专家综合评比,这样既可以选出好的设计单位,又可以选出经济合理的设计方案,可有效降低工程造价。
建设单位加强工程造价控制与管理的方法-中英
On the construction unit how to strengthen the project cost control and managementONE,construction phase of the project investment decision—making According to statistics, in various stages of project construction, the investment decision-making stage of the highest degree of influence of project cost can be achieved by 70％—80％。
Therefore，the investment decision-making phase of cost control is to determine the basis of project cost, which directly affects the various construction phases of project cost control is reasonable.1。
Actively carry out preparatory work before the project decision—making and seriously to collect relevant information，such as equipment operation, equipment, technical parameters need to be addressed and so on。
2. According to market demand and development prospects, rationally determine the scale of construction and construction standards。
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浅析工程管理工程项目建设的中心任务就是实现项目目标。
从客观意义上讲，投资目标的实现才是业主经济效益的真正体现；而工程造价的确定与投资的有效控制是工程建设管理不可缺少的重要组成部分，在项目建设管理中有着特殊的地位。
随着我国经济体制改革的不断深入，国民经济持续发展，怎样加强工程造价管理，提高项目投资效益？这是当前投资和造价改革的一个重大课题。
造价和投资在国民经济发展中和社会经济活动中，有很多一致的地方，但不是一个等同的概念。
从目的来看，搞好投资是为了使投下去的一定量的货币能保证回流，并实现增值；而搞好造价是为了使投资项目的工程价格水平控制在目标额度之内；从行为过程来看，投资的行为过程是资金投入+项目实施+项目控制+资金回收，造价的行为过程是造价确定（包括投资估算、设计概算、施工图预算）+过程控制+竣工决算。
投资的行为过程比造价的行为过程更长。
同是资金运作过程，造价是使货币资金转化为实现目标额度内的资产，而投资是使货币资金转化为资产，并通过资产的使用又使货币资金回流。
造价是投资的一个关键部分和主要内容，它包括建设工程从建设筹备到竣工验收所需费用的总和，它由建筑安装工程费、设备工具购置费、工程建设其他费用、预备费、建设期贷款利息、固定资产投资方向调节税和铺底流动资金等项组成。
价格机制是造价管理的核心问题，也是投资宏观决策和提高项目投资效益的一个核心问题。
要加强造价管理，提高投资效益，必须形成一个国家宏观调控下，以市场形成造价为主的价格机制。
传统的预算定额制度在计划经济体制下，对加强计划管理，减少投资浪费等方面起到了一定的积极作用。
但随着社会主义市场经济的逐步建立和发展，现行预算定额制度与之越来越不相适应：定额中“量”和“价”没有分开，形成了“活市场”和“死单价”的矛盾，不能在市场中真实地、及时地、准确地反映建筑产品的造价；现行预算定额中综合程度较大，施工手段消耗部分统得较死，构成工程实体消耗部分是由设计决定的，而施工消耗部分，如脚手方案、垂直运输等内容应由施工企业在确保全面履行合同的前提下自行决定，现行定额中，把本应属于竞争的内容凝固化了，不利于施工企业发挥优势，竞争取胜；现行预算定额带有法定性质和强制性质，对预算定额直接费的取费标准，开发商和承包商都不得随意改变，还是计划定价为主；现行预算定额计价主要由直接费、间接费、独立费、利润和税金构成，除直接费外其余各项都以取费率的形式出现，取费固定化，不利于直观地反映各项工程内容的价格，并与国际报价方式差距也较大。
为了有利于投资宏观决策和提高项目的投资效益，必须把计划形成工程造价的价格机制，改为国家宏观调控下以市场形成工程造价为主的价格机制，也就是要在统一工程量计算规则和社会平均实物消耗量定额的基础上，遵循商品经济价格规律，建立以市场形成造价为主的价格机制：一是全面实现“量价分离”。
把政府发布量价合一的预算定额制度，改为政府发布工程消耗量定额，单价随行就市，变目前发布指导价要大家执行改为发布市场信息价进行指导，从而使不断变化的价格同相对稳定的实物消耗量相分离；二是统一工程量计算规则。
要逐步按照国际习惯，统一工程量名称、计量单位、计算规则、项目编号等，既有利于指导市场，又有利于同国际接轨；三是将工程实体消耗和非实体消耗（施工措施性消耗）相对分开。
这有利于承包商发挥各自优势，竞争取胜；四是简化繁琐取费。
现行定额中各子目的造价不能直接反映，必须重新计算取费后才能明了，各子目、各分项工程的造价与总价的关系模糊，简化取费后，各分项及子目的造价与总价的关系变得清晰，有利于投资控制活动和分包及设计变更部分的计价；五是保留政府对重要生产要素价格进行干预的权力。
如对市场某种资源紧缺时实行最高限价，规定最低日工资水平和部分工种最高日工资限价等。
造价确定与投资控制贯穿项目建设全过程，而对项目投资影响最大的设计阶段。
在建设项目的整个寿命期内，项目的初步设计基本上决定了建设项目的规模、结构形式、建筑标准和使用功能，形成了设计概算，确定了投资的最高限额。
施工图设计完成后，编制出施工图预算，准确地计算出建设工程造价。
因此，工程设计是影响和控制建设工程造价的关键环节和重要阶段。
长期以来，我们在工程造价管理中，普遍忽视设计阶段项目的投资控制，而往往把控制项目投资和工程造价的重点放在实施阶段，投入了大量的人力、物力去审查或计算建筑安装工程造价，很少考虑如何才能达到投入合理的资金，获得美观大方、功能齐全适用、经济合理的建筑产品。
根据国内外有关的统计资料表明：初步设计阶段影响工程投资数额幅度的可能性为70—90%，在技术设计阶段（施工图设计）影响投资的可能性为30—75%；在施工阶段（实施阶段）的影响工程投资的可能性为5%—25%。
或者具体地说，设计阶段影响工程投资的可能性为80%，而实施阶段影响投资的可能性，充其量不会超过20%，即通过各种措施降低成本最大限度不外乎为20%以下。
一般情况下设计图纸一旦完成，“按图施工”就是施工企业必须履行的原则，施工企业无权随意变动图纸，也没有时间、精力及承担风险地去考虑优化设计。
而我国普遍存在着设计部门比较保守，有的设计只图方便、凭经验而不作方案对比，甚至盲目追求安全度和设计收费，而至关重要的概预算控制则与设计院利益无关甚至违反，因此无从控制。
工程设计和工程造价本来应该是统一整体的相互配合、配合促进的两项工作，而在我们的实际工作中，却如不同道路上奔驰的两辆汽车，各行其道，互不关联。
设计部门只管设计质量，一般不管工程造价的高低，给国家的建设资金造成了极大的浪费。
要改变这种不良局面，在设计阶段，必须加强工程造价和设计之间的横向联合，推行限额设计，逐步实行以“价”定“量”的设计方法，在项目的投资范围内，按照“安全”“经济”“适用”“节俭”的原则进行工程设计，促使设计人员精打细算，精心设计，达到在设计阶段有效控制工程造价的目的；要优化设计方案，其目的就是论证拟采用的设计方案技术上是否可行、功能上能否满足需要、经济上是否合理、使用上是否安全可靠。
尤其是在经济上，设计的优化是很重要的控制手段，新工艺的使用、新材料的投入、一些局部设计的改变等，这些因素的变化，往往使工程造价大幅度增减。
据研究资料显示，建设项目的建筑系灵敏、空间平面、层数和层高、结构和材料的选择、设计的选型等因素，直接影响着工程造价的高低。
所以，要想在设计阶段控制工程造价，就一定要做好设计的优选工作，在设计阶段进行设计招投标和设计方案的竞选，并运用价值工程等手段对备选方案进行优化，还要进行设计方案的技术经济评价，真正达到以最优的设计、最经济的投资，建造最好的工程项目的目的。
建设工程造价全过程控制，是工程造价管理的主要表现形式，是提高项目投资效益的关键所在，它贯穿于决策评估阶段、设计阶段、工程承发包阶段、施工实施阶段、竣工验收阶段等项目建设全过程。
科学周密而有计划地分阶段设置投资控制目标，可以通过目标控制，在项目投资决策、设计、发包和实施阶段，把投资发生额控制在批准的限额以内并随时纠编，确保投资目标顺利实现，使投资估算、工程概算、设计预算、承包合同价更趋合理准确，真实而客观反映项目实际进程发生额，有效防止概算超估算、预算超概算、竣工结算超预算这一“三超”现象的发生，最大程度地合理使用人力、物力、财力，从而取得较好的投资效益和社会效益。
Shallow engineering cost management and investment control Project construction central task is to realize the project goals. From the objective sense, investment to achieve the goal of economic benefit is owner real embodiment, And project cost determination and investment of effective control of the engineering construction management is an important and indispensable part of project management has a special position. As China's economic system reform, the national economy continues to develop, how to strengthen the engineering cost management, improve the project investment benefit? This is what the current investment and cost reform a major issue.Cost and investment in the development of national economy and social economic activities, have a lot of consistent place, but not a concept equivalent. Judging from the purpose is to make the investment, improve the amount of cast currency can guarantee, and realize value-added backflow, And improve cost is to make the investment project engineering price level control at target within the quota, Judging from behavioral process, investment behavior process is capital investment + project implementation + project control + capital recycling, the cost of the behavior process is cost sure (including investment estimation, design budgetary estimate and construction drawing budget) + process control + the final accounts of the completed project. Investment behavior process than the cost of behavioral process longer. With the operation process, cost of capital is make monetary fund transform for achieving goals within the line of assets, investment is make monetary fund transform for assets, and through the use of assets and monetary fund backflow.Investment cost is a critical part of and main content, it includes the construction project from construction preparatory to completion acceptance of the cost of combined, and it consists of building the cost, equipment tools is, the engineering construction other fees, reserve, interest interest, tax for fixed assets investment and the current funds and so on a composition. The price mechanism is the core of cost management in the problem, but also investment macro decision and improves the project investment benefit of a central issue. To strengthen the cost management, increase the investment effects, must form a under the state's macroeconomic control, taking market mainly formed cost price mechanism.The traditional budget norm system under the planned economy system, to strengthen the investment plan management, reduce waste aspects have certain positive role. But with the socialist market economy is gradually establish and develop, the current budget norm system and the increasingly does not adapt: quota of "quantity" and "price" no separate, and formed a "living market" and "dead unit price", the conflict can't in the market truly, promptly and accurately reflecting the cost of building products, The current budget ration of comprehensive degree bigger, construction means consume part is dead, stockings constitute engineering entity consumption part is decided, and by the design of construction cost parts, such as feet hand scheme, the content such as vertical transportation should be by construction enterprise in ensuring all-round to perform the contract under the premise of themselves, the current norm, should belong to the contents of the NingGuHua competition, to the detriment of construction enterprise and advantage, competition to win; The current budget norm with legal nature and forced properties ofbudget ration direct fee fees standard, developers and contractors are altered arbitrarily, or planned pricing for the Lord; The current budget quota valuation mainly by direct fee, indirect fee, independent fee, profit and taxes constitute, in addition to direct fee to take everything correctly outside the rest rate's form, and fees immobilized, go against intuitivey reflect the project content price, and with the international quoted price way gap bigger also.In order to which investment macro decision and improve the benefit of investment project, must the plan formation of engineering cost price mechanism, instead of under the state's macroeconomic control by market mainly formed engineering cost price mechanism, was also must in unity quantity calculation rules and social average real consumption quota, follow the commodity economy based on the law of value, establishment of market mainly formed cost price mechanism: one is to fully realize "price volume separation. The government issued the unity of quantity and price budget norm system, instead of the government issued engineering consumption quota, unit price for seven, become currently issued guided prices wants everyone to execute instead released market information, thus making the price guidance to the price of changing with relatively stable physical consumption phase separation, 2 it is unified quantity calculation rules. Will gradually according to international habit, unified quantities name, unit of measurement, calculation rules, project Numbers is not only beneficial to the market for guidance, etc, but also with the international community, Three is to engineering entity consumption and non entity consumption (construction measure sex consume) relative apart. This is helpful to the contractor play to their respective advantages, competition to win; The fourth is simplified trival fees. The current norm of each ZiMu cost cannot directly reflect, must recalculate fees can be known, ZiMu after each and every item construction cost of the total value of the relationship with fuzzy, simplify the fare, each partial and ZiMu cost and price relationship became clear, which investment control activities and subcontractor and design the variation valuation, Five is reserved to the government of important factors of production price intervention power. As to the market some resources when the highest price fixing, fixing minimum daily wages level and some type of highest daily wages limit etc.Cost determination and investment control throughout the whole project construction, project investment that has the largest effect on stage of design. In construction projects on the life period, preliminary design of the project of construction project basically decided the scale, structure, construction standards and use function, formed design budgetary estimate, determine the investment ceiling. After the completion of the construction drawing design, formulate construction drawing budget, accurately calculate construction engineering cost. Therefore, engineering design is to influence and control of construction engineering cost of key sectors and an important stage.For a long time, we in the construction cost management, ignored in common design phase project of investment control, and often take control project investment and project cost focuses on the implementation stage, put in a great deal of manpower and material resources to review or computing architecture installation project cost, seldom consider how to reach into reasonable fund, acquire beautiful generous, complete functions applicable, reasonable economy construction products. According to the domestic andforeign relevant statistics show that the preliminary design stage affected the project investment amount the amplitude of the possibility for 70-90 percent, in the technical design stage (construction design) affect investment possibilities for 30-75%, During the project construction phase (the implementation stage effect of project investment possibilities for 5% - 25%. Or specifically, design phase affect the project investment possibility to 80%, and the possibility of the implementation stage affect investment, at best not exceed 20%, namely through various measures to reduce cost utmost nothing more than 20 per cent for the following. Normally design drawings once completed, "according to drawing construction" is the principle of construction enterprise must perform, construction enterprises shall not be entitled to optional change drawings, also have no time, energy and take risks to consider optimization design. And our country there are generally design department conservative, some design only figure convenient, with experience without scheme contrast, even blind pursue safety and design fees, and budget control is vital interests with the design institute has nothing to do, so don't even break the control.Engineering design and project cost is supposed to be a unified whole of mutual coordination and cooperation to promote the two tasks, and in our practice, but like a different path Benz two car, village populated, without relevance. Design department; the design quality and general regardless of engineering cost, or to the construction of the country caused a great waste of money. To change this situation, adverse in the design stage, we must strengthen the construction cost and design between horizontal cooperation, promote design-limited, gradually executed with "price" fixed "quantity" design methods, in the project investment scope, according to "safe" "economy" "application" "frugal" principle for engineering design, prompting designers have carefully, elaborate design, achieve in the design stage effective control of the project cost purpose; To optimize the design of argumentation, the purpose of which is to adopt the design scheme is it technically feasible, function can satisfy the need, economically whether reasonable, whether using on safety and reliability. Especially in economy, design optimization is important means of control, a new process of use, new material of dedication, some local design change etc, these factors change, often make engineering cost greatly increase or decrease. According to research data shows, the department of construction project is sensitive, space layout, layer number and layer are tall, structure and the choice of materials, design of the selection of the factors, the direct impact on the discretion of the engineering cost. So, want to control the engineering cost in the design phase, she will do it well design optimization of work, in the design stage design bidding and the design scheme of the campaign, and use of value engineering means of alternatives to optimize design scheme, which will be the technical and economic evaluation, achieve true with optimal design, the most economic investment, to build the best project purposes.Construction engineering cost control process, is project cost management is the main form, is to improve the project investment benefit is the key, it is perforative in decision evaluation phase, design phase, project contracting stage, construction implementation stage, such as the completion acceptance stage project construction process. Scientific subtle and systematically stages setup investment control target, can pass aim control, in the project investment decision-making, design,and implementation stage, the out-contracting investment amount control before the approved limits and to rectify within ed., ensure investment target smooth realization and make investment estimation, project budget, contracting estimates, the design contract price more reasonable accurate, real and reflect the objective project reality, effectively preventing the budget process amount exceeds the estimation, the budget exceeds the budget estimates, the completion of this "settlement SanChao" phenomenal happening, to the greatest extent reasonably using human, material and financial resources, thus achieve better investment benefit and social benefit.。