雅思阅读预测真题库6参考答案.pdf
雅思剑6阅读答案
篇一：雅思剑6阅读答案篇二：雅思剑6阅读答案剑桥雅思真题一直是考官和雅思考生的桥梁，对雅思考生来说是非常有价值的参考书。
小编整理了剑桥雅思6真题难点及答题技巧全解析（阅读篇），供烤鸭们参考，还有免费的剑桥雅思资料下载哦！剑桥真题一直是考官和雅思考生的桥梁，对雅思考生来说是非常有价值的参考书。
小编整理了剑桥雅思6真题难点及答题技巧全解析（阅读篇），供烤鸭们参考，还有免费的剑桥雅思资料下载哦！剑桥雅思6阅读部分总体介绍剑桥雅思系列真题vi中的list of headings，段落标题配对题的比例呈明显上升趋势。
cambridge iv v 各有两篇文章有该题型，而且各自只有9道和7道。
而《剑桥雅思6》共有5篇文章包含该题型，一共28道题目。
这对广大考生无疑形成了不小的难度，烤鸭们需要加强对段落主旨的把握能力，下面就是天道小编整理的剑桥雅思6阅读test 3难点解析。
在的主流题型中，是非无判断题(t / f / ng)、小结填空题(summary)、简答题 (short answer)、标题配对题(headings)、其他配对题(matching)和多项选择题(multiple choice)的前三种题型属于技巧题(即使单词量不高也能通过技巧解题)，后两种属于考核语言实力题(单词不认识就无法完成)。
《剑桥雅思6》四套留学类阅读试题的题型分配比例是：雅思阅读判断题45道(28%)，雅思阅读主观题36道(23%)，雅思阅读标题配对题28道(18%)，其他配对题40道(25%)，选择题11道(7%)。
cambridge vi体现出的趋势是判断题仍然属于主流题型，但是其比例较cambridge v略有下降。
剑vi仍然把判断题作为数量最多的一种题型. 而配对题比例已经有所上升，cambridge vi 中的配对题是最多的。
这恰与09年全年的考试趋势吻合，这会对语言功底相对薄弱的考生造成一定的障碍。
在主观题中，summary题型大多数都是针对全篇文章的摘要，而且题量很大，有一定难度。
雅思阅读真题附答案及解析
智课网IELTS备考资料雅思阅读真题附答案及解析摘要：雅思阅读真题附答案及解析，雅思阅读真题附答案及解析是小编整理汇总的最新的雅思阅读真题，在如此紧张的备考环节，大家就应该多看看雅思阅读真题，会大大提高你的效率，更多精彩内容请关注小马科技雅思频道官网。
Passage 1主题：科技类 (新题)题目：英国的酒精燃料题型：填空，判断文章大意：乙醇作为新燃料的提炼过程和与汽油的对比参考答案：1-5 判断题1.因果农民不太可能会为了制造乙醇燃料大种甘蔗 (True)2.在的农名讲扩大生产更多乙醇植物 (True)3.A gallon ethanol have more engineer than a gallon gasoline. (NG)4.在将来美国将会有充足的crop在制造氢气。
(false)5.乙醇的生产者会尽量减少生产过程中使用的能量。
(NG)6-10 填空题distillerligninremainsbioreactorfiber备考建议：科技类文章不太好理解，而且生词会比较多。
建议大家在考前可以多多积累相关题材的词汇。
参考阅读：C542Passage 2题材：历史考古类 (旧题)题目：costal archaeology of Britain题型：单选，判断，多选参考答案：单选：B，C， D判断题：True， False, True, False, NG, True, True多选：BDF备考建议：历史类文章不难理解，且这篇文章的题型都是顺序题型，为我们做题大大降低了难度。
参考阅读：C7T1P1 Let’s go, batsPassage 3：题材：语言类题目：The Origin of Language文章大意：语言的起源，语言与音乐的关系参考阅读：C931 Attitudes to Language以上就是小马过河雅思频道小编为大家汇总的雅思阅读真题附答案及解析，希望同学们能静下心来准备下一轮的考试，加油!成功是属于你们的。
雅思考试阅读理解模拟预测试题及答案解析
雅思考试阅读理解模拟预测试题及答案解析雅思考试阅读理解模拟预测试题及答案解析生活的全部意义在于无穷地探索尚未知道的东西，在于不断地增加更多的知识。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的`雅思考试阅读理解模拟预测试题及答案解析，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!Alok Jha, science correspondentThursday January 11, 2007The Guardian1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques.4. One of the country's leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. "In principle, you've got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy," he said.5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body's local immune system. "If a cancer doesn't do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating. You canregard it as the cancer's Achilles' heel."6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process," said Prof Seymour.7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It's an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we've had before."8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.9. Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body's immune system destroying them on the way.10. "What we've done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it's a stealth virus when you inject it," he said.11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. "There's an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases," said Prof Seymour.13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.(665 words)Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write TRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about ProfessorSeymour’s work on the virus therapy.3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used asa new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.Question 7-9Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.rmation about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found(A) on TV(B) in magazines(C) on internet(D) in newspapers8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to(A) change the body’ immune system(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.(C) increase the amount of injection(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.Questions 10-13Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.In the first clinical trials, scien tists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments wi ll firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers List of Wordsdosage responding smallpox virusdisable natural ones injectdirected treatment cold-like illnesskill patients examinedAnswers Keys:1.答案：FALSE (见第2段：If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。
剑桥雅思真题6-阅读Test 2(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题6-阅读Test 2（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Advantages of public transportA new study conducted for the World Bank by Murdoch University's Institute for Science and Technology Policy (ISTP) has demonstrated that public transport is more efficient than cars. The study compared the proportion of wealth poured into transport by thirty-seven cities around this world. This included both the public and private costs of building, maintaining and using a transport system.The study found that the Western Australian city of Perth is a good example of a city with minimal public transport. As a result, 17% of its wealth went into transport costs. Some European and Asian cities, on the other hand, spent as little as 5%. Professor Peter Newman, ISTP Director pointed out that these more efficient cities were able to put the difference into attracting industry and jobs or creating a better place to live.According to Professor Newman, the larger Australian city of Melbourne is a rather unusual city in this sort of comparison. He describes it as two cities: 'A European city surrounded by a car-dependent one'. Melbourne's large tram network has made car use in the inner city much lower, but the outer suburbs have the same car-based structure as most other Australian cities. The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people's preferences as to where they live.Newman says this is a new, broader way of considering public transport issues. In the past, the case for public transport has been made on the basis of environmental and social justice considerations rather than economics. Newman, however, believes the study demonstrates that' the auto-dependent city model is inefficient and grossly inadequate in economic as well as environmental terms'.Bicycle use was not included in the study but Newman noted that the two most 'bicycle friendly cities considered -Amsterdam and Copenhagen -were very efficient, even though their public transport systems were 'reasonable but not special'.It is common for supporters of road networks to reject the models of cities with good public transport by arguing that such systems would not work in their particular city. One objection is climate. Some people say their city could not make more use of public transport because it is either too hot or too cold. Newman rejects this, pointing out that public transport has been successful in both Toronto and Singapore and, in fact, he has checked the use of cars against climate and found 'zero correlation'.When it comes to other physical features, road lobbies are on stronger ground. For example, Newman accepts it would be hard for a city as hilly as Auckland to develop a really good rail network. However, he points out that both Hong Kong and Zurich have managed to make a success of their rail systems, heavy and light respectively, though there are few cities in the world as hilly.A In fact, Newman believes the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another is politics: 'The more democratic the process, the more public transport is favored.' He considers Portland, Oregon, a perfect example of this. Some years ago, federal money was granted to build a new road. However, local pressure groups forced a referendum over whether to spend the money on light rail instead. The rail proposal won and the railway worked spectacularly well. In the years that have followed, more and more rail systems have been put in, dramatically changing the nature of the city. Newman notes that Portland has about the same population as Perth and had a similar population density at the time.B In the UK, travel times to work had been stable for at least six centuries, with people avoiding situations that required them to spend more than half an hour travelling to work. Trains and cars initially allowed people to live at greater distances without taking longer to reach their destination. However, public infrastructure did not keep pace with urban sprawl, causing massive congestion problems which now make commuting times far higher.C There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out where cars are the only viable transport. The example of European cities refutes that. They are often wealthier than their American counterparts but have not generated the same level of car use. In Stockholm, car use has actually fallen in recent years as the city has become larger and wealthier. A new study makes this point even more starkly. Developing cities in Asia, such as Jakarta and Bangkok, make more use of the car than wealthy Asian cities such as Tokyo and Singapore. In cities that developed later, the World Bank and Asian Development Bank discouraged the building of public transport and people have been forced to rely on cars creating the massive traffic jams that characterize those cities.D Newman believes one of the best studies on how cities built for cars might be converted to rail use is The Urban Village report, which used Melbourne as an example. It found that pushing everyone into the city centre was not the best approach. Instead, the proposal advocated the creation of urban villages at hundreds of sites, mostly around railway stations.E It was once assumed that improvements in telecommunications would lead to more dispersal in the population as people were no longer forced into cities. However, the ISTP team's research demonstrates that the population and job density of cities rose or remained constant in the 1980s after decades of decline. The explanation for this seems to be that it is valuable to place people working in related fields together, 'The new world will largely depend on human creativity, and creativity flourishes where people come together face-to-face.'Question 1-5Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-E.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-viii in boxes 1 -5 on your answer sheet.1 Paragraph A2 Paragraph B3 Paragraph C4 Paragraph D5 Paragraph EQuestion 6-10Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage6. The ISTP study examined public and private systems in every city of the world.7. Efficient cities can improve the quality of life for their inhabitants.8. An inner-city tram network is dangerous for car drivers.9. In Melbourne, people prefer to live in the outer suburbs.10. Cities with high levels of bicycle usage can be efficient even when public transport is only averagely good.Question 11-13Look at the following cities (Questions 11-13) and the list of descriptions Mow. Match each city with the correct description, A-F.Write the correct letter, A-F, into boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.11Perth12Auckland13PortlandReading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Greying Population Stays in the PinkElderly people are growing healthier, happier and more independent, say American scientists. The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life.In the last 14 years, the National Long-term Health Care Survey has gathered data on the health and lifestyles of more than 20,000 men and women over 65. Researchers, now analysing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems — the major medical complaints in this age group are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate. Other diseases of old age - dementia, stroke, arteriosclerosis and emphysema - are also troubling fewer and fewer people.'It really raises the question of what should he considered normal ageing,' says Kenneth Manton, a demographer from Duke University in North Carolina. He says the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75.Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave today's elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors.On the downside, the data also reveals failures in public health that have caused surges in some illnesses. An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality, say the researchers. 'These may be subtle influences,' says Manton, 'but our subjects have been exposed to worse and worse pollution for over 60 years. It's not surprising we see some effect.'One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer. For example, 65-year-old women with fewer than eight years of schooling are expected, on average, to live to 82. Those who continued their education live an extra seven years. Although some of this can be attributed to a higher income, Manton believes it is mainly because educated people seek more medical attention.The survey also assessed how independent people over 65 were, and again found a striking trend. Almost 80% of those in the 1994 survey could complete everyday activities ranging from eating and dressing unaided to complex tasks such as cooking and managing their finances. That represents a significant drop in the number of disabled old people in the population. If the trends apparent in the United States 14 years ago had continued, researchers calculate there would be an additional one million disabled elderly people in today's population. According to Manton, slowing the trend has saved the United States government's Medicare system more than $200 billion, suggesting that the greying of America's population may prove less of a financial burden than expected.The increasing self-reliance of many elderly people is probably linked to a massive increase in the use of simple home medical aids. For instance, the use of raised toilet seats has more than doubledsince the start of the study, and the use of bath seats has grown by more than 50%. These developments also bring some health benefits, according to a report from the MacArthur Foundation's research group on successful ageing. The group found that those elderly people who were able to retain a sense of independence were more likely to stay healthy in old age.Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning, says Carl Cotman, a neuroscientist at the University of California at Irvine. He found that rats that exercise on a treadmill have raised levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor coursing through their brains. Cotman believes this hormone, which keeps neurons functioning, may prevent the brains of active humans from deteriorating.As part of the same study, Teresa Seeman, a social epidemiologist at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, found a connection between self-esteem and stress in people over 70. In laboratory simulations of challenging activities such as driving, those who felt in control of their lives pumped out lower levels of stress hormones such as cortisol. Chronically high levels of these hormones have been linked to heart disease.But independence can have drawbacks. Seeman found that elderly people who felt emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones even when asleep. The research suggests that older people fare best when they feel independent but know they can get help when they need it.'Like much research into ageing, these results support common sense,' says Seeman. They also show that we may be underestimating the impact of these simple factors. 'The sort of thing that your grandmother always told you turns out to be right on target,' she says.Question 14-22Complete the summary using the list of words, A-Q, below.Write the correct letter, A-Q, in boxes 14-22 on your answer sheet.Research carried out by scientists in the United States has shown that the proportion of people over 65 suffering from the most common age-related medical problems is 14 ………… and that the speed of this change is 15………… . It also seems that these diseases are affecting people 16 ………… in life than they did in the past. This is largely due to developments in 17 ………… , but other factors such as improved 18 ………… may also be playing a part. Increases in some other illnesses may be due to changes in personal habits and to 19………… . The research establishes a link between levels of 20 ………… and life expectancy. It also shows that there has been a considerable reduction in the number of elderly people who are 21 …………, which means that the 22 …………involved in supporting this section of the population may be less than previously predicted.Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-H, below.Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.23 Home medical aids24 Regular amounts of exercise25 Feelings of control over life26 Feelings of lonelinessYou should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.NumerationOne of the first great intellectual feats of a young child is learning how to talk, closely followed by learning how to count. From earliest childhood we are so bound up with our system of numeration that it is a feat of imagination to consider the problems faced by early humans who had not yet developed this facility. Careful consideration of our system of numeration leads to the conviction that, rather than being a facility that comes naturally to a person, it is one of the great and remarkable achievements of the human race.It is impossible to learn the sequence of events that led to our developing the concept of number. Even the earliest of tribes had a system of numeration that, if not advanced, was sufficient for the tasks that they had to perform. Our ancestors had little use for actual numbers; instead their considerations would have been more of the kind Is this enough? rather than How many? When they were engaged in food gathering, for example. However, when early humans first began to reflect on the nature of things around them, they discovered that they needed an idea of number simply to keep their thoughts in order. As they began to settle, grow plants and herd animals, the need for a sophisticated number system became paramount. It will never be known how and when this numeration ability developed, but it is certain that numeration was well developed by the time humans had formed even semi-permanent settlements.Evidence of early stages of arithmetic and numeration can be readily found. The indigenous peoples of Tasmania were only able to count one, two, many; those of South Africa counted one, two, two and one, two twos, two twos and one, and so on. But in real situations the number and words are often accompanied by gestures to help resolve any confusion. For example, when using the one, two, many type of system, the word many would mean, Look at my hands and see how many fingers I am showing you. This basic approach is limited in the range of numbers that it can express, but this range will generally suffice when dealing with the simpler aspects of human existence.The lack of ability of some cultures to deal with large numbers is not really surprising. European languages, when traced back to their earlier version, are very poor in number words and expressions. The ancient Gothic word for ten, tachund, is used to express the number 100 as tachund. By the seventh century, the word teon had become interchangeable with the tachund or hund of the Anglo-Saxon language, and so 100 was denoted as hund teontig, or ten times ten. The average person in the seventh century in Europe was not as familiar with numbers as we are today. In fact, to qualify as a witness in a court of law a man had to be able to count to nine!Perhaps the most fundamental step in developing a sense of number is not the ability to count, but rather to see that a number is really an abstract idea instead of a simple attachment to a group of particular objects. It must have been within the grasp of the earliest humans to conceive that four birds are distinct from two birds; however, it is not an elementary step to associate the number 4, as connected with four birds, to the number 4, as connected with four rocks. Associating a number as one of the qualities of a specific object is a great hindrance to the development of a true number sense. When the number 4 can be registered in the mind as a specific word, independent of the object being referenced, the individual is ready to take the first step toward the development of a notational system for numbers and, from there, to arithmetic.Traces of the very first stages in the development of numeration can be seen in several living languages today. The numeration system of the Tsimshian language in British Columbia contains seven distinct sets of words for numbers according to the class of the item being counted: for counting flat objects and animals, for round objects and time, for people, for long objects and trees, for canoes, for measures, and for counting when no particular object is being numerated. It seems that the last is a later development while the first six groups show the relics of an older system. This diversity of number names can also be found in some widely used languages such as Japanese.Intermixed with the development of a number sense is the development of an ability to count. Counting is not directly related to the formation of a number concept because it is possible to count by matching the items being counted against a group of pebbles, grains of corn, or the counter's fingers. These aids would have been indispensable to very early people who would have found the process impossible without some form of mechanical aid. Such aids, while different, are still used even by the most educated in today's society due to their convenience. All counting ultimately involves reference to something other than the things being counted. At first it may have been grains or pebbles but now it is a memorised sequence of words that happen to be the names of the numbers.Question 27-31Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.27 A developed system of numbering28 An additional hand signal29 In seventh-century Europe, the ability to count to a certain number30 Thinking about numbers as concepts separate from physical objects31 Expressing number differently according to class of itemQuestion 32-Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 32-40 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage32. For the earliest tribes, the concept of sufficiency was more important than the concept of quantity.33. Indigenous Tasmanians used only four terms to indicate numbers of objects.34. Some peoples with simple number systems use body language to prevent misunderstanding of expressions of number.35. All cultures have been able to express large numbers clearly.36. The word 'thousand' has Anglo-Saxon origins.37. In general, people in seventh-century Europe had poor counting ability.38. In the Tsimshian language, the number for long objects and canoes is expressed with the same word.39. The Tsimshian language contains both older and newer systems of counting.40. Early peoples found it easier to count by using their fingers rather than a group of pebbles参考答案1 ii2 vii3 iv4 i5 iii6 FALSE7 TRUE8 NOT GIVEN9 FALSE10 TRUE11 F12 D13 C14 B15 I16 F17 M18 J19 N20 K21 G22 A23 G24 E25 H26 C27 B28 E29 A30C31 G32 TRUE33 FALSE34 TRUE35 FALSE36 NOT GIVEN37 TRUE38 FALSE39 TRUE40 NOT GIVEN。
2023年5月6日雅思阅读真题及答案解析
2023年5月6日雅思阅读真题及答案解析三篇都是老题，passage1考过5次以上。
passage 1: The History of Russian ballet首次出现：2012.11.24类别：艺术难度：★题型配比：判断7+表格填空6参考答案：1-7判断 T NG T NG F NG F 8-13填空8.floating 9. delicate 10.box 11. glue 12. hammer 13.120参考文章：The development of Ballet in Russia until the late ninetieth centuryUntil 1689, ballet in Russia was nonexistent. The Tsarist control and isolationism in Russia allowed for little influence from the West. It wasn't until therise of Peter the Great that Russian society opened up to the West. The Imperial School of Ballet in St. Petersburg was opened in the 1740s as the first dance company. In striking contrast to their west European counterparts, the Russian elite lived unadorned lives: in wooden houses and slept on benches (or on top of the warm stove) and their clothing and mannersresembled those of peasants: rough and indecorous.Peter the Great created a new Russia which rivaled the society of the West with magnificent courts and palaces. His vision was not to bring Russia to the West, but to bring the West to Russia. He created a court system like that in the West through legal edicts and strict rules. In the West art was an evidence of cultural freedom, but in Russiait was a deliberately controlled exp ression and advancement. “The rules were carefully laid out in The Honorable Mirror of Youth, a compilation of Western courtesy books designed to educate courtiers in the intricacies of refined behavior, including dancing.”Kirov Ballet Company was formed in 1738 in St. Petersburg by Jean Baptiste Landé and Empress Anna Ivanovna. It was originally called the Imperial Ballet and preformed for the mid-18th century courts. Landé acted as the director of this academy.Under the reign of Catherine, Le Picq was called theApollo of the dance and performed in many countries, such as France, Austria, Russia and Spain. Charles Le Picq was a huge influence on the development of Russian ballet. Thanks to him, the Noverre’ book Letters on the dance (fr: Lettres sur la danse) are published in Russia (in French) in 1803. He advised in 1801 to invite to Russia the Frenchchoreographer Charles Didelot.Charles-Louis Didelot arrived in Saint Petersburg in 1801 at the invitation of the director of the Imperial Theatres and he made his debut as the first dancer. He initiated the revival of patriotic literature in ballet. Another talented figure—Mikhail Glinka made musical compositions illustrate the unique composition “signature” of Russian people.Ballet academy was very strict in recruiting students. Talented Nijinsky was nearly ruled out for his flawed figure.Plots of some stories were changed to support the socialist realism although Ballet was introduced to Russia as an aristocratic dance by Peter the Great. Pushkin helped with this change.Marius Petipa spent fifty years staging ballets in Russia and was also the dominant figure in Russian ballet. He along with many other dancers brought new influences from Europe.Passage 2:超市监控首次出现：2013.07.27类别：商业难度：★★题型配比：段匹4+特殊词匹配6+句子填空3参考答案：14-17段匹 F E G C18-23特殊词匹配 E C E D A B24-26填空24.shopping units 25. children 26. competitors分析：p2在2013年首考，在2021年12月28日的考试中第二次出现，这是第三次考。
阅读6答案解析
雅思阅读真题6配套答案及解析第1篇06101海龟的反向进化第2篇06102马达加斯加寻香第3篇06103树冠研究第4篇06201岛上的雀鸟第5篇06202非洲传统农业第6篇06203青春期第7篇06301团队中的明星第8篇06302恐龙的脚印第9篇06303布鲁内尔实际的预言家第10篇06304陨石湖泊的研究第11篇06305寒冷气候的财富第12篇06306海湾污染第13篇06307石油工业的衰落第14篇06308猩猩文化第15篇06309拯救英国鱼鹰第16篇06310智商和天赋第17篇06311双胞胎研究第18篇06401创新思维第1篇06101海龟的反向进化28B原文见E段4-7行29E E选项在H段倒数第四行30.B段最后一句。
31.C段第一句。
32.C段最后一句。
33.F段倒数第四行。
34.F段，结合第五行“especially if ony.....it's pretty obvious”．和最后一句“itis a little less。
obvious......forelimbs”36.H段倒数第七行。
37.G段第三行。
38.G段第八行39.G段第八行，根据“halfway between the wet这句总结出half-wet cluster and the dry cluster”and half-dry的。
40.G段倒数第二句话."both these fossils were dry-land tortoises"。
第2篇06102马达加斯加寻香14i15vi B段主要讲的是专家们寻找新香气的过程。
第十行讲到通过污染检测行业的技术，融合新科技。
且文中expedition、technology对应VI中的exploration16iv17v18viii19TRUE20TRUE：原文见B段前两行，特别是unique。
TRUE B段第二行讲到马达加斯加岛上85%的植物都是世界上唯一的注意下unique。
剑桥雅思6test2passage2阅读原文+题目+答案解析
剑桥雅思6test2passage2阅读原文+题目+答案解析剑桥雅思6test2阅读passage2原文+题目+答案解析passage1查看，请点击：剑桥雅思6test2阅读passage1原文+题目+答案解析。
如果烤鸭对这两个问题感兴趣的，请点击：雅思7分是什么水平雅思评分标准Elderly people are growing healthier, happier and more independent, say American scientists. The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life.In the last 14 years, the National Long-term Health Care Survey has gathered data on the health and lifestyles of more than 20,000 men and women over 65. Researchers, now analysing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems —the major medical complaints in this age group —are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate. Other diseases of old age —dementia, stroke, arteriosclerosis and emphysema — are also troubling fewer and fewer people.‘It really raises the question of what should be considered normal ageing,’ says Kenneth Manton, a demographer from Duke University in North Carolina. He says the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75.Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave today’s elderly people abetter start in life than their predecessors.On the downside, the data also reveals failures in public health that have caused surges in some illnesses. An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality, say the researchers. ‘These may be subtle influences,’ says Manton, ‘but our subjects have been exposed to worse and worse pollution for over 60 years. It’s not surprising we see some effect."One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer. For example, 65-year-old women with fewer than eight years of schooling are expected, on average, to live to 82. Those who continued their education live an extra seven years. Although some of this can be attributed to a higher income, Manton believes it is mainly because educated people seek more medical attention.The survey also assessed how independent people over 65 were, and again found a striking trend. Almost 80% of those in the 1994 survey could complete everyday activities ranging from eating and dressing unaided to complex tasks such as cooking and managing their finances. That represents a significant drop in the number of disabled old people in the population. If the trends apparent in the United States 14 years ago had continued, researchers calculate there would be an additional one million disabled elderly people in today’s population. According to Manton, slowing the trend has saved the United States government’s Medicare system more than $200 billion, suggesting that the greying of America’s population may prove less of a financial burden than expected.The increasing self-reliance of many elderly people is probably linked to a massive increase in the use of simple homemedical aids. For instance, the use of raised toilet seats has more than doubled since the start of the study, and the use of bath seats has grown by more than 50%. These developments also bring some health benefits, according to a report from the MacArthur Foundation’s research group on successful ageing. The group found that those elderly people who were able to retain a sense of independence were more likely to stay healthy in old age.Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning, says Carl Cotman, a neuroscientist at the University of California at Irvine. He found that rats that exercise on a treadmill have raised levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor coursing through their brains. Cotman believes this hormone, which keeps neurons functioning, may prevent the brains of active humans from deteriorating.As part of the same study, Teresa Seeman, a social epidemiologist at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, found a connection between self-esteem and stress in people over 70. In laboratory simulations of challenging activities such as driving, those who felt in control of their lives pumped out lower levels of stress hormones such as cortisol. Chronically high levels of these hormones have been linked to heart disease.But independence can have drawbacks. Seeman found that elderly people who felt emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones even when asleep. The research suggests that older people fare best when they feel independent but know they can get help when they need it.‘Like much research into ageing, these results support common sense,’ says Seeman. They also show that we may be underestimating the impact of these simple factors. ‘The sort ofthing that your grandmother always told you turns out to be right on target,’she says.Questions 14-22Complete the summary using the list of words, A-Q, below.Write the correct letter, A-Q in boxes 14-22 on your answer sheet.Research carried out by scientists in the United States has shown that the proportion of people over 65 suffering from the most common age-related medical problems is 14 ..............and that the speed of this change is 15.............. . It also seems that these diseases are affecting people 16.............. in life than they did in the past. This is largely due to developments in 17.............., but other factors。
雅思剑12阅读真题Test6Passage1原文及答案
雅思剑12阅读真题Test6Passage1原文及答案雅思剑12阅读真题Test6Passage1原文及答案!雅思剑12阅读真题Test6第一篇文章为The risks agriculture faces in developing countries，考生可以多积累相关阅读背景知识。
下面是雅思剑12阅读真题T est6Passage1练习题和解析，供大家练习。
雅思剑12阅读真题Test6Passage1原文及题目READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.The risks agriculture faces in developing countriesSynthesis of an online debateA Two things distinguish food production from all other productive activities: first, every single person needs food each day and has a right to it; and second, it is hugely dependent on nature. These two unique aspects, one political, the other natural, make food production highly vulnerable and different from any other business. At the same time, cultural values are highly entrenched in food and agricultural systems worldwide.B Farmers everywhere face major risks, including extreme weather, long-term climate change, and price volatility in input and product markets. However, smallholder farmers in developing countries must in addition deal with adverse environments, both natural, in terms of soil quality, rainfall, etc., and human, in terms of infrastructure, financial systems, markets, knowledge and technology. Counter-intuitively, hunger is prevalent among many smallholder farmers in the developing world.C Participants in the online debate argued that our biggest challenge is to address the underlying causes of the agriculturalsyste m’s inability to ensure sufficient food for all, and they identified as drivers of this problem our dependency on fossil fuels and unsupportive government policies.D On the question of mitigating the risks farmers face, most essayists called for greater state intervention. In his essay, Kanayo F. Nwanze, President of the International Fund for Agricultural Development, argued that governments can significantly reduce risks for farmers by providing basic services like roads to get produce more efficiently to markets, or water and food storage facilities to reduce losses. Sophia Murphy, senior advisor to the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, suggested that the procurement and holding of stocks by governments can also help mitigate wild swings in food prices by alleviating uncertainties about market supply._he personal names in the text refer to the authors of written contributions to the online debate.E Shenggen Fan, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute, held up social safety nets and public welfare programmes in Ethiopia, Brazil and Mexico as valuable ways to address poverty among farming families and reduce their vulnerability to agriculture shocks. However, some commentators responded that cash transfers to poor families do not necessarily translate into increased food security, as these programmes do not always strengthen food production or raise incomes. Regarding state subsidies for agriculture, Rokeya Kabir, Executive Director of Bangladesh Nari Progati Sangha, commented in her essay that these ‘have not compensated for the stranglehold exercised by private traders. In fact, studies show that sixty percent of beneficiaries of subsidies are not poor, but rich landowners and non-farmer traders.’F Nwanze, Murphy and Fan argued that private risk management tools, like private insurance, commodity futures markets, and rural finance can help small-scale producers mitigate risk and allow for investment in improvements. Kabir warned that financial support schemes often encourage the adoption of high-input agricultural practices, which in the medium term may raise production costs beyond the value of their harvests. Murphy noted that when futures markets become excessively financialised they can contribute to short-term price volatility, which increases farmers’ food insecurity. Many participants and commentators emphasised that greater transparency in markets is needed to mitigate the impact of volatility, and make evident whether adequate stocks and supplies are available. Others contended that agribusiness companies should be held responsible for paying for negative side effects.G Many essayists mentioned climate change and its consequences for small-scale agriculture. Fan explained that ‘in addition to reducing crop yields, climate change increases the magnitude and the frequency of extreme weather events, which increase smallholder vulnerability.’ The growing unpredictability of weather patterns increases farmers’ difficulty in managing weather-related risks. According to this author, one solution would be to develop crop varieties that are more resilient to new climate trends and extreme weather patterns. Accordingly, Pat Mooney, co-founder and executive director of the ETC Group, suggested that ‘if we are to survive cl imate change, we must adopt policies that let peasants diversify the plant and animal species and varieties/breeds that make up our menus.’H Some participating authors and commentators argued infavour of community- based and autonomous risk management strategies through collective action groups, co-operatives or producers’ groups. Such groups enhance market opportunities for small-scale producers, reduce marketing costs and synchronise buying and selling with seasonal price conditions. According to Murphy, ‘collective action offers an important way for farmers to strengthen their political and economic bargaining power, and to reduce their business risks.’ One commentator, Giel Ton, warned that collective action does not come as a free good. It takes time, effort and money to organise, build trust and to experiment. Others, like Marcel Vernooij and Marcel Beukeboom, suggested that in order to ‘apply what we already know’, all stakeholders, including business, government, scientists and civil society, must work together, starting at the beginning of the value chain.I Some participants explained that market price volatility is often worsened by the presence of intermediary purchasers who, taking advantage of farmers’ vulnerability, dictate prices. One commentator suggested farmers can gain greater control over prices and minimise price volatility by selling directly to consumers. Similarly, Sonali Bisht, founder and advisor to the Institute of Himalayan Environmental Research and Education (INHERE), India, wrote that community-supported agriculture, where consumers invest in local farmers by subscription and guarantee producers a fair price, is a risk-sharing model worth more attention. Direct food distribution systems not only encourage small-scale agriculture but also give consumers more control over the food they consume, she wrote.List of PeopleA Kanayo F. NwanzeB Sophia MurphyC Shenggen FanD Rokeya KabirE Pat MooneyF Giel TonG Sonali BishtQuestions 10 and 11Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 10 and 11 on your answer sheet.Which TWO problems are mentioned which affect farmers with small farms in developing countries?A lack of demand for locally produced foodB lack of irrigation programmesC being unable to get insuranceD the effects of changing weather patternsE having to sell their goods to intermediary buyersQuestions 12 and 13Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.Which TWO actions are recommended for improving conditions for farmers?A reducing the size of food stocksB attempting to ensure that prices rise at certain times of the yearC organising co-operation between a wide range of interested partiesD encouraging consumers to take a financial stake in farmingE making customers aware of the reasons for changing foodprices雅思剑12答案解析Test6阅读Passage1Test 6 Passage 1Question 1答案：A关键词：food production定位原文：A段第一行：“Two things distinguish food production from all other productive activities: first…”解题思路：A段提到了食品生产与其他生产活动有两点不同，第一每个人每天都需要食物并且有权享有食物，第二食品生产很大程度上依靠自然。
雅思阅读真题附答案(完整版)
智课网IELTS备考资料雅思阅读真题附答案（完整版）摘要：雅思阅读真题是考生练习雅思阅读的必备资料。
不少考生在网上寻求雅思阅读真题，今天小编汇总了里面雅思阅读真题附答案版，方便考生复习。
雅思阅读真题是历年雅思考试中出现的雅思阅读题目，练习雅思阅读真题对于考生提升雅思阅读答题能力有很大的帮助。
小编整理了历年雅思阅读真题附答案，帮助考生复习雅思阅读。
雅思阅读真题附答案版(部分内容)：题型:人名观点配对他在寻找古老的湖泊，这名Mungo 女子是被火葬的 A持怀疑态度的教授对一些化石的DNA 进行了可靠的分析 E教授测定的人的年龄要比62000 年前年轻的多的结果 A确定Mungo 人的年龄，争议了澳大利亚人的起源 B在澳洲，研究小组谁先恢复生物的证据，发现尼安德特人 C年代的支持者认为澳大利亚巨型动物的灭绝是由于古代人类狩猎造成的 D多区域的解释已经被提出，而不是坚持认为单一的起源 B史前人类活动导致气候变化而不是巨型动物的灭绝 A判断题Mungo 湖仍然为考古学家提供了图解说明人类活动的证据True在Mungo 湖发现Mungo 使用的武器Not givenMungo 人是在复杂的文化世界上已知最古老的考古证据之一，如埋葬仪式TrueMungo 男人和女人的骨架是被发现在同一年False澳大利亚教授使用古老的研究方法对“走出非洲”支持者的批判Not given以上就是关于雅思阅读真题附答案的相关汇总，考生可以通过上方下载完整版历年雅思阅读真题解析，提升资深雅思阅读能力。
相关字搜索：雅思阅读真题附答案人生中每一次对自己心灵的释惑，都是一种修行，都是一种成长。
相信我们常常用人生中的一些痛，换得人生的一份成熟与成长然⋯⋯生活里的每个人，都是我们的一面镜子，你给别人什世界上的幸福，没有一处不是来自用心经营和珍惜。
当你一味的去挑剔指责别人的时候，有没有反思过是否？假如你的心太过自我不懂得经营和善待，不懂得尊重他人感受，那你永远也不会获得真和幸福 ⋯ ⋯人生就像一场旅行，我们所行走的每一步都是在丰富生命的意义。
雅思阅读预测真题库(同义替换)
Novice and expert填空1-51The novice needs to learn the principles and rules of a given task in order to perform the task....Generally,a novice will find a mentor to guide him through the processNeeds to=requires to under the guidance of2In time,and with much practice,the novice begins to recognize patterns of behaviors with cases and,thus,becomes a journeyman.Grows up to_____=becomes______effort made to better understand____=begins to recognize_____3the journeyman still maintains regular contact with a mentor to solve specific problem and learn more complex strategiesSolve problems=tackle problems specific=particular strategy=tactic判断7Experts have a deeper understanding of their domains than novices do,and utilize higher-order principles to solve problems.Utilize=use=employ8A do their job slowly than experts in their domains.In their domains=in their fieldsExperts performs tasks in their domain faster than novices and commit fewer errors while problem solving.10Novices pay more a attention on reviewing solutions when faults occur in the process. Experts spend more time thinking about a problem to fully understand it at the beginning of a task than do novices,who immediately seek to find a solution.Questions11-13Mental models=cognitive modelsIn the last3decades=During the last30yearsManifestations of human bias=forms of human biasMuseum Blockbuster18-21Shift from visitors toward_____=have become customer rather than visitorDefined major factors=essential requirementsResult in=accelerateCombination=convergenceProper=appropriateMainly=primary22-23Money that update parts of their collection or to repair buildings=offer money to recover architecturesUpdate,repair是对recover下义词buildings=architectures=constructionsRecover part of their operating costs or funding other.....with off-budget revenue24-26tired of workloads=_____is exhausting for staffVagaries=fantasiesstress of_____=pressure of_____Sir Francis Ronalds and Telegraph27-31Fellow=acquaintanceRonalds was given praise and honor by the authority because of....在原文替换中则是将其具体化：He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth1,for his“early and remarkable labors in telegraphic investigation”32-35What were graved at circuit in his early stage experiment in garden?....Engraved with letters of the alphabet and numbers,synchronized withe each other,at both ends of the circuit.36-40年代MATCHING题Ronalds’science contribution to meteorological dataHe began work on a system for registering meteorological data.Contribution to...对..有贡献...有时可以换成更具体的词汇这样类似的还有result in.... Invented和patented有时同时出现Bestcome-Considerate computing1-6判断题1.A complicated life,continually interrupted by competing requests for attention,is as old as procreation.Interrupted=disturbed2.It seems to add cumulatively to a feeling of frustration.对应在C段they usually put up with it instead of feeling sickness.5.People usually have misperception about whether they are busy or not.Most people aren’t as busy as they think they are,which is why we can usually tolerate interruption from our inconsiderate electronic paraphernalia.填空题Bestcom working process7-8定位即答案In the office/out of officeIn the office:9If callers are not in directory,a_____will show up on their screen.Others see a message on their computer.(主被动的替换)10Callers can__v_a suitable time for both,or they can choose to leave a_n___to user....Offers to reschedule the call at a time that is open for both..Out of the office12-13Bestcom Provides solution to transfer your call to user’s______if there is no_______in his scheduleBestcom automatically offers forward selected callers to his cellphone-unless his calendar and other evidence suggest that he is in a meeting.Video Games’Unexpected benefits to human brain.14-17选择Be replete with=be full ofVideo games give your child’s brain a real workout.=Video games improves the intellectual ability in several ways.Workout=practiceIn several ways常常用一些具体表达所代替Some of the mental skills trained by video games include:following instructions,problem solving logic,hand eye coordination.Fine motor and spatial skills.Video games help increase the speed of player’s reaction effectivelyVideo games could provide a potent training regimen for speeding up reaction in many types of real-life situationPotent training=help....effectively increase the speed of...=speeding up18-21直接定位就好Neurotransmitter心血管方面的药物Neuro-心血管方面的...22-2622Alter=change23Make quick decision=make decisions without hesitation.24Video games are goal-driven experiences which are fundamental to learning=Video games are purpose-motivated experiences that play an basic role in studying.25Players are good at tackling prompt issues with future in-tensionsgamers must deal with immediate problems while keeping their long-term goals on their horizon 26Video and computer games also help children gain self confidence and many games are based on history,city building,and governance and so on...In helps children open up their eyes in many aspects and obtain self-confidenceFossil Files-----the Paleobiology Database28-33heading28.29.But already the project is attracting harsh criticism.Some experts believe it to be seriously flawed.Seriously flawed=error30.Fans of the paleobiology Database acknowledge that the fossil record will always be incomplete.Fans of....=supporters of...31.Already,the database has thrown up some surprising results.32.Single species often end up with several names.Due to misdentification or poor communication between taxonomists in different countries.33.F段首句34-36（人物信息matching）34.fossil record is the best tool we have for understanding how diversity and extinction work in normal times.....Having a background extinction estimate gives us a benchmark for understanding the mass extinction that’s currently under way.It allows us to say just how bad it it in relative terms35.We need this kind of information in much more details to protect all of biodiversity,not just the ones we know well.36.Adrain points out that statistic wrangling has been known to create mass extinction where none occurred tremendous species die out=mass distinction wrangling=contradictory37-4039.like jellyfish will always remain a mystery.Untraceable难以描绘的...=mysteryA new Ice Age14-1614概括题15migration seems impossible for the reason of closed bordersthe inability to migrate may remove one of the major safety nets for distressed people16the heat is brought to Europe by the wind flowThis massive column of cascading cold is the main engine powering a deeper water current called the Great Ocean Conveyor that snakes through all the world’s oceans17-21Matching人物信息17A rapid climate change wreaks great ecological crisisAbrupt Climate Change:Inevitable Surprises,produced by the National Academy of Science...18Most Americans are not aware of the next cooling period.he alarmed that Americans have yet to take the threat seriously19A case f a change of ocean water is mentioned in a conferenceAt a February conference in Honolulu...he has termed the drop in salinity and temperature in the Labrador Sea a body of water between northeastern Canada and Greenland that adjoins the Atlantic(case example等一般会用具体事物所代替)20Global warming accelerates the advent of the ice agehe(Joyce)explains how such warming could actually be the surprising culprit of the next mini-ice 21this kind of thing just doesn’t happen anymore...22-25略-----直接定位The persuaders1-4判断1.Even we are careful with,sleek(圆滑的)tricks of sales,we still buy things from skilled persuadersThey employ the most skilled image-makers and use the best psychological tricks to guarantee that even the most cautions among us are open to manipulation.2.Ng3.Fewer shoppers contribute more profit for merchantsResearch has shown that75percent of profit comes from just30percent of customers.4Good salesman knows that people like to listen instead of speakingit is human nature to prefer to speak rather than to listen,and good salespeople pander to this. Pander to=cater for迎合5-9单选6Use emotion to touch customers=tap in to our feeling7sell the fight products to right personeffective sales people try as far as possible to match their style of presenting themselves to how the buyer comes across8closing the deal=terminate a deal9-13填空summary10.Maximize the profits=generate the most profits12有问题13.Make customer feel they are in the group,in fashion adsWater filter14-19Guide to making Water Filters14take a handful of dray,crushed clay,mix it with a handful of organic material.....15add enough water to make a stiff biscuit-like mixture=with adequate water to create a thick mixture.(add...to...=with...;create=make;thick=stiff)16surround the pots with straw17put them in a mound of cow manure.(put=place安置，放置)20-23填空题20：the properties of cow manure are vial as the fuel can reach a temperature of700degrees in half an hour and will be up to950degrees after after another20to30minutes（达到700°需要半个小时，达到950°则需要额外的20分钟）21.Be inappropriate for pot making=A pot that won’t hold water-his filters capitalize on this property.22.Ng23.Ng24-26选择24.should be the same as an adult’s forefinger定位：just as using manure as a fuel for domestic uses is not a new idea,the porosity of clay is sth that potters have known about for years,and sth that as a former ceramicist the ANU school of art 25.the charity wanted to help set up a small industry manufacturing water filters,but initial research found the local clay to be too fine-a problem solved by the addition of organic material. Set up=build a filter production factory=industry manufacturing water filters26.定位：there will be no legal obstacles to it being adopted in any community that needs itA:Because he hopes it can be freely available around the worldNo legal obstacles=freely available around the world=in any communityMungo man27-32（判断题）27:对应A段第三行The lake Mungo remains.....with his family28:NG29:对应A段最后一句：Mungo Man is the oldest known example in the world of such a ritual... 30：in1974，he found a second complete skeleton,.31：Because Thorne is the country’s leading opponent of the out of Africa theory-that Homo sapiens had a single place of origin32：ng33-4033：对应在D段(However,for Bowler,these debates are irritating speculative distraction from the study’s main findings.At40,000years old,Mungo Man and Mungo Lady remain Australia’s oldest human burials and the earliest evidence on earth of cultural sophistication)Be Cremated=burials34：对应在D段（But even assuming the DNA sequences were correct,Professor Stringer said it could just mean that there was much more genetic diversity in the past than previously realized）Be suspicious of=even assuming the DNA sequences were correct....(就算假设DNA序列是对的，也表明。
雅思阅读真题资料题库
雅思阅读真题资料题库2017雅思阅读真题资料题库我们在复习雅思考试时，可以适当的了解一些雅思的阅读真题的资料。
为此店铺为大家带来雅思考试的阅读真题资料。
雅思考试阅读真题及答案The concept of childhood in the western countries1. FALSE2. FALSE3. TRUE4. NOT GIVEN5. FALSE6. NOT GIVEN7. TRUE8. history of childhood9. miniature adults10. industrialization11. The factory Act12. play and education13. ClassroomPassage 2：新冰河时代A New Ice AgeAWilliam Curry is a serious, sober climate scientist, not an art critic .But he has spent a lot of time perusing Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze’s famous painting “George Washington Crossing the Delaware,” which depicts a boatload of colonial American soldiers making their way to attack English and Hessian troops the day after Christm as in 1776. “Most people think these other guys in the boat are rowing, but they are actually pushing the iceaway,” says Curry, tapping his finger on a reproduction of the painting. Sure enough, the lead oarsman is bashing the frozen river with his boot. “I grew up in Philadelphia. The place in this painting is 30 minutes away by car. I can tell you, this kind of thing just doesn’t happen anymore.”BBut it may again soon. And ice-choked scenes, similar to those immortalized by the 16th-century Flemish painter Pieter Brueghel the Elder, may also return to Europe. His works, including the 1565 masterpiece “Hunters in the Snow,” make the now-temperate European landscapes look more like Lapland. Such frigid settings were commonplace during a period dating roughly from 1300 to 1850 because much of North America and Europe was in the throes of a little ice age. And now there is mounting evidence that the chill could return. A growing number of scientists believe conditions are ripe for another prolonged cool down, or small ice age. While no one is predicting a brutal ice sheet like the one that covered the Northern Hemisphere with glaciers (n. 冰川) about 12,000 years ago, the next cooling trend could drop average temperatures 5 degrees Fahrenheit over much of the United States and 10 degrees in the Northeast, northern Europe, and northern Asia.C“It could happen in 10 years,” says Terrence Joyce, who chairs the Woods Hole Physical Oceanography Department. “Once it does, it can take hundreds of years to reverse.” An d he is alarmed that Americans have yet to take the threat seriously.DA drop of 5 to 10 degrees entails much more than simply bumping up the thermostat and carrying on. Both economicallyand ecologically, such quick, persistent chilling could have devast ating consequences. A 2002 report titled“Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises,” produced by the National Academy of Sciences, pegged the cost from agricultural losses alone at $100 billion to $250 billion while also predicting that damage to ecologies could be vast and incalculable. A grim sampler: disappearing forests, increased housing expenses, dwindling freshwater, lower crop yields (n. 产量)，and accelerated species extinctions.EPolitical changes since the last ice age could make survival far mo re difficult for the world’s poor. During previous cooling periods, whole tribes simply picked up and moved south, but that option doesn’t work in the modern, tense world of closed borders. “T o the extent that abrupt climate change may cause rapid and extensive changes of fortune for those who live off the land, the inability to migrate may remove one of the major safety nets for distressed people,” says the report.FBut first things first. Isn’t the earth actually warming? Indeed it is, says Joyce. In his cluttered office, full of soft light from the foggy Cape Cod morning, he explains how such warming could actually be the surprising culprit of the next mini-ice age. The paradox is a result of the appearance over the past 30 years in the North Atlantic of huge rivers of fresh water the equivalent of a 10-foot-thick layer-mixed into the salty sea. No one is certain where the fresh torrents are coming from, but a prime suspect is melting (adj. 融化的) Arctic ice, caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that traps solar energy.GThe freshwater trend is major news in ocean-science circles. Bob Dickson, a British oceanographer who sounded an alarm at a February conference in Honolulu, has termed the drop in salinity and temperature in the Labrador Sea— a body of water between northeastern Canada and Greenland that adjoins the Atlantic”arguably the largest full-depth changes observed in the modern instrumental oceanographic record.”HThe trend could cause a little ice age by subverting the northern penetration of Gulf Stream waters. Normally, the Gulf Stream, laden with heat soaked up in the tropics, meanders up the east coasts of the United States and Canada. As it flows northward, the stream surrenders heat to the air. Because the prevailing North Atlantic winds blow eastward, a lot of the heat wafts to Europe. That’s why many scientists believe winter temperatures on the Continent are as much as 36 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than those in North America at the same latitude. Frigid Boston, for example, lies at almost precisely the same latitude as balmy Rome. And some scientists say the heat also warms Americans and Canadians. “It’s a real mistake to think of this solely as a European phenomenon,”says Joyce.IHaving given up its heat to the air, the now-cooler water becomes denser and sinks into the North Atlantic by a mile or more in a process oceanographers call thermohaline circulation. This massive column of cascading cold is the main engine powering a deepwater current called the Great Ocean Conveyor that snakes through all the world’s oceans. But as the North Atlantic fills with freshwater, it grows less dense, making thewaters carried northward by the Gulf Stream less able to sink. The new mass of relatively freshwater sits on top of the ocean like a big thermal blanket, threatening the thermohaline circulation. That in turn could make the Gulf Stream slow or veer southward. At some point, the whole system could simply shut down, and do so quickly. “There is increasing evidence that we are getti ng closer to a transition point, from which we can jump to a new state. Small changes, such as a couple of years of heavy precipitation or melting ice at high latitudes, could yield a big response,” says Joyce.J“You have all this freshwater sitting at hi gh latitudes, and it can literally take hundreds of years to get rid of it,” Joyce says. So while the globe as a whole gets warmer by tiny fractions of 1 degree Fahrenheit annually, the North Atlantic region could, in a decade, get up to 10 degrees colder. What worries researchers at Woods Hole is that history is on the side of rapid shutdown. They know it has happened before.Questions 14-1614 The writer mentions the paintings in the first two paragraphs to illustrateA that the two paintings are immortalizedB people’s different opinionsC a possible climate change happened 12,000 years agoD the possibility of a small ice age in the future.15 Why is it hard for the poor to survive the next cooling period?A because people can’t remove themselves from the major safety nets.B because politicians are voting against the movement.C because migration seems impossible for the reason of closed borders.D because climate changes accelerate the process of moving southward.16 Why is the winter temperature in continental Europe higher than that in NorthAmerica?A because heat is brought to Europe with the wind flow.B because the eastward movement of freshwater continues.C because Boston and Rome are at the same latitude.D because the ice formation happens in North America.Questions 17-21Match each statement with the correct person A-D in the box belowNB You may use any letter more than once.17 A quick climate change wreaks great disruption.18 Most Americans are not prepared for the next cooling period.19 A case of a change of ocean water is mentioned in a conference.20 Global warming urges the appearance of the ice age.21 The temperature will not drop to the same degree as it used to be.List of PeopleA Bob DicksonB Terrene JoyceC William CurryD National Academy of Science答案14-16 DCA 17-21 DBABC22. heat 23. denser 24. Great Ocean Conveyer 25. Freshwater 26. southwardPassage 3：澳大利亚土壤盐碱化雅思阅读练习技巧一、单词词义(meaning)上的理解这个理解层面是最基础的(the most basic)。
剑桥雅思IELTS第6套Test1阅读答案及详解
剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.AUSTRALIA'S SPORTING SUCCESSA They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), ⑥finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, trainingfacilities and nutritional advice.B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. ①AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building musclestrength in golfers - to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning.③‘We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,' says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.C A lot of their work comes down to measurement - everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to thesecond-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there.No gain is too slight to bother with.It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS ②shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers.A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to useto help budding swimmers. Mason's contribution to sport also includes the development of ⑧the SWAN (SWimmingANalysis)system now used in Australian national competitions.② It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be analysed individually - stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmerD‘Take a look,' says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,' says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists' research is bringing to a range of sports.⑨With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing现在进行时态 unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes orrunning shoes to ⑤monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run. There's more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of ex perimentation, ⑩AlS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.（对于此项科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS运动员，即澳大利亚体育学院的运动员，隶属于澳大利亚，所以应该选择A）E U sing data is a complex business. ⑦Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing ⑫a ‘competition model', based on what they expect will be the winning times.‘You design the model to make that time,' sa ys Mason. ‘A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.' All the trainingis then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world's most successful sporting nation.F Of course, ④there's nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes.⑬At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers' times. Now everyone uses them. ⑪The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent', developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia's success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once.1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity(a reason for narrowing/can't waste time research activity scientific questions)4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced 复制5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated （Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor ）6 an overview of the funded support of athletes (Overview, funded support/finance)7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event (Calculated before an event/using data，well before a championship锦标赛)Questions 8-11Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states theyA are currently exclusively used by AustraliansB will be used in the future by AustraliansC are currently used by both Australians and their rivals Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.8 cameras9 sensors10 protein tests11 altitude tentsQuestions 12 and 13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?(help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing)13 By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?READING PASSAGE 1真题解析：篇章结构体裁说明文主题澳大利亚的体育成就结构 A段：澳大利亚体育成绩斐然 B段：科技是第一生产力C段：精确测量和数据分析 D段：精确测量和数据分析的实例E段：数据的实际应用 F段：不可复制的成功必背词汇A段fair adj.合理的 pro n.职业运动员demolish v.击败；破坏，毁坏 under the eye of 在……的注意下rival n.竞争者，对手 body n.团体，机构seeming adj.表面上的(通常事实并非如此) finance v.给……提供经费ease n.不费力，轻松 excellence n.优秀，卓越extensive adj.广泛的，涉及面广的 intensive adj.强化的underpin v.以……为稳固基础 nutritional adj.营养的B段centre stage 中心地位 squash n.壁球collaborate v.合作 instrument n.仪器，器械golfer n.打高尔夫球的人 ethereal adj.飘渺的，引申为不切实际的C段come down to(sth.)可归结为 wire-frame adj.线框的second-by-second 每秒的 slice v.划开；切开output n.输出 slow motion 慢动作wring…out of 原义为扭，榨取，此处引申为从……中(经过努力)获得 side-on 从侧面stroke n.划动，划水tweak v.扭，用力拉 spine n.脊柱world-beating adj.举世瞩目的 swivel v.旋转prototype n.原型 biomechanical adj.生物力(学)的profile n.原义为轮廓、外形，此处意为模型 velocity n.速度，速率lap n.一圈budding adj.发展中的 spit out 原义是吐出，此处引申为显示出、分析出frame n.帧，画面D段turn time 转身时间 immunoglobulin n.免疫球蛋白unobtrusive adj.不显眼的，不醒目的 present adj.存在的sensor n.传感器 saliva n.唾液embed v.使插入；使嵌入 ease v.减轻，减弱sweat v.出汗，发汗 remarkably adv.显著地，引人注目地；非常地experimentation n.实验，试验 immune-system 免疫系统的E段complex adj.复杂的 transform v.转换，转变，改变championship n.冠军赛 arguably adv.可论证地(可辩论地)，有理由说地gear v.调整，(使)适合 segment n.部分F段unveil v.展示(新产品)；揭开 altitude tent 高原帐篷coolant-lined 流线型散热 replicate v.复制endurance n.耐力；忍耐力 encompass v.包含或包括某事物slice v.减少，降低澳大利亚的体育成就A 他们努力竞争，他们积极参及，他们参加比赛完全为了取胜。
雅思阅读预测真题库1参考答案
FloodC/B/F/A/E/DMississippi/London/Netherlands/Berlin/LosAngelesB/DTexting the Televisionii/vi/vii/i/v/ixA/D/C/D/E/A/C/FCompany InnovationF/C/G/B/F/ET/NG/F/TC/A/DRainwater harvestingCorpproduction/sugar-cane platations/Three wells/1998/Roofs of houses/storage tanksNOT GIVEN/YES/NO/YES/YES/NO/NOT GIVEN/NODesign Wobby Mats And Foot healthTRUE/FALSE/TRUE/TRUE/NOT GIVENC/B/Aanatomy/stress/blood pressure/resistance/pathwayTea and Industrial Revolutionvi/v/ix/i/ii/iv/viiNG/T/F/F/NG/TSeed Huntersdrugs and crops/extinction /pioneers /Sir Joseph Banks /underground vaultsTRUE /NOT GIVEN /TRUE /TRUE /FALSE /TRUEIn any orderA food /B fuelThe Power of PlaceboA/G/B/H/F/A/D/CF/NG/T/T/FAnimal Minds:Parrot AlexNG/NG/F/T/T/Fparticularly chosen/chimpanzees/100 English words/avian cognition/color/wrong pronunciation/teenagerCompliance or Noncompliance for Children B/C/C/A/D/F/D/E/ANO/YES/YES/YES/NOT GIVENWhat Happines is?B/A/F/C/G/H/ECandy/definition/catastrophic brain/landscapes or dolphins playing/primitive partsBWestern Immigration of Canadaii /iv /x /vi /i /vii /xiiHomesteads/agricultural output /wheat/company/policeforce/transcontinental railwayCommunication in ScienceB/A/C/D/C TRUE/NOT GIVEN/FALSE/FALSEword choices/colloquial terminology/observer/description/general relativityTwin Study: Two of a KindF/D/E/B/EFrancis Galton/1924/AEF/ABDLearning by ExamplesE/D/A/CF/T/F/Tless/social/watched/observer/ NutcrakerPlain English CampaignT/F/T/NG/NG/Fjargon/gap/do-it-yourself/frustration/first-timeuser/legal/courts/consumersMonkeys and Forestsfruit/(deadly)poisons/leaf nutrients/reproduce/droughtD/F/B/A/C/C/A/DPesticide in an India VillageT/F/NG/FPowder/overnight/neemcake/doubles/organic fertiliser/labor/by 2000/Neem seeds/water purificationTalc PowderC/C/B/A/B/C20/foam/waster water/biodegrade/harmful/droplets/lamination and packing/grape growersBird Migrationiv/i/ii/vii/x/v/viiiA/Bparental guidance/compass/predators/visibleCorporate Social Responsibility v/viii/iv/vii/i/iii/iiequal opportunity/internal costC/C/A/B。
雅思考试真题汇编及详解(IELTS 6)-Test 1~Test 2【圣才出品】
第1章雅思（IELTS）考试指南1.1雅思考试简介1.雅思考试性质雅思（IELTS）考试，全称International English Language Testing（国际英语语言测试系统），为剑桥大学考试委员会外语考试部、英国文化协会和IDP教育集团共有，而在中国的雅思考试主要由英国文化协会负责。
该考试以其特有的可靠性和权威性，目前已得到全球多所院校机构、政府部门和职业机构的认可。
该项考试是为打算在交流语言为英语的国家或地区进行学习或工作的人们所设置的英语语言水平考试。
2.雅思考试分类和目的雅思考试分为学术类（Academic）和培训类（General Training）两种类型，学术类在于测试考生是否有在英语环境中就读高校本科或研究生课程的语言能力；普通培训类适用计划移民、出国工作或申请国外非学术培训、中学课程的考生，侧重点在于评估考生是否掌握足够英语技能在英语国家生活的能力。
1.2雅思考试试题分析及解题技巧雅思考试是对考生听说读写四项英语交流能力的测试，测试内容包括听力、阅读、写作和口语共四部分。
雅思考试的试卷结构如下所示：雅思学术类和培训类考试总时间均为2小时24分钟，其中对于听力和口语部分，学术类和培训类考试的测试内容完全相同；而阅读部分和写作部分则使用不同的试题。
需要注意的是除口语外，听力、阅读和写作均在同一天进行测试。
1.雅思听力试题分析及解题技巧雅思听力部分主要是对考生在英语语境中，对实际使用中英语的适应和理解能力的测试。
雅思听力由四部分构成，难度会依次递增，第一部分为两人对话，第二部分通常为一段独白（对话的形式较少出现），第三部分为多人对话（最多四人），第四部分又是一段独白。
其中前两部分内容涉及社会课题，而后两部分与与教育或培训课题相关。
听力时间为30分钟，录音结束后会有10分钟誊写答案的时间，需注意雅思听力中的录音只放一遍。
雅思听力的测试形式多样，其中历年考试中考过的题型达到十几种，主要包括选择题、简答题、完成句子题、完成笔记/表格/图表/摘要/流程图/时间表题、为图表/设计图/地图做标记题、分类和配对题等。
雅思剑12阅读真题Test6Passage1原文及答案
雅思剑12阅读真题Test6Passage1原文及答案雅思剑12阅读真题Test6Passage1原文及答案!雅思剑12阅读真题Test6第一篇〔文章〕为The risks agriculture faces in developing countries，考生可以多积累相关阅读背景学问。
下面是雅思剑12阅读真题Test6Passage1练习题和解析，供大家练习。
雅思剑12阅读真题Test6Passage1原文及题目READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.The risks agriculture faces in developing countriesSynthesis of an online debateA Two things distinguish food production from all other productive activities: first, every single person needs food each day and has a right to it; and second, it is hugely dependent on nature. These two unique aspects, one political, the other natural, make food production highly vulnerable and different from any other business. At the same time, cultural values are highly entrenched in food and agricultural systems worldwide.B Farmers everywhere face major risks, including extreme weather, long-term climate change, and price volatility in input and product markets. However, smallholder farmers in developing countries must in addition deal with adverse environments, both natural, in terms of soil quality, rainfall, etc., and human, in terms of infrastructure, financial systems, markets, knowledge and technology. Counter-intuitively, hunger is prevalent among many smallholder farmers in the developing world.C Participants in the online debate argued that our biggest challenge is to address the underlying causes of the agricultural system’s inability to ensure sufficient food for all, and they identified as drivers of this problem our dependency on fossil fuels and unsupportive government policies.D On the question of mitigating the risks farmers face, most essayists called for greater state intervention. In his essay, Kanayo F. Nwanze, President of the International Fund for Agricultural Development, argued that governments can significantly reduce risks for farmers by providing basic services like roads to get produce more efficiently to markets, or water and food storage facilities to reduce losses. Sophia Murphy, senior advisor to the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, suggested that the procurement and holding of stocks by governments can also help mitigate wild swings in food prices by alleviating uncertainties about market supply._he personal names in the text refer to the authors of written contributions to the online debate.E Shenggen Fan, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute, held up social safety nets and public welfare programmes in Ethiopia, Brazil and Mexico as valuable ways to address poverty among farming families and reduce their vulnerability to agriculture shocks. However, some commentators responded that cash transfers to poor families do not necessarily translate into increased food security, as these programmes do not always strengthen food production or raiseincomes. Regarding state subsidies for agriculture, Rokeya Kabir, Executive Director of Bangladesh Nari Progati Sangha, commented in her essay that these ‘have not compensated for the stranglehold exercised by private traders. In fact, studies show that sixty percent of beneficiaries of subsidies are not poor, but rich landowners and non-farmer traders.’F Nwanze, Murphy and Fan argued that private risk management tools, like private insurance, commodity futures markets, and rural finance can help small-scale producers mitigate risk and allow for investment in improvements. Kabir warned that financial support schemes often encourage the adoption of high-input agricultural practices, which in the medium term may raise production costs beyond the value of their harvests. Murphy noted that when futures markets become excessively financialised they can contribute to short-term price volatility, which increases farmers’ food insecurity. Many participants and commentators emphasised that greater transparency in markets is needed to mitigate the impact of volatility, and make evident whether adequate stocks and supplies are available. Others contended that agribusiness companies should be held responsible for paying for negative side effects.G Many essayists mentioned climate change and its consequences forsmall-scale agriculture. Fan explained that ‘in addition to reducing crop yields, climate change increases the magnitude and the frequency of extreme weather events, which increase smallholder vulnerability.’ The growing unpredictability of weather patterns increases farmers’ difficulty in managing weather-related risks. According to this author, one solution would be to develop crop varieties that are more resilient to new climate trends and extreme weather patterns. Accordingly, Pat Mooney,co-founder and executive director of the ETC Group, suggested that ‘if we are to survive climate change, we must adopt policies that let peasants diversify the plant and animal species and varieties/breeds that make up our menus.’H Some participating authors and commentators argued in favour of community-based and autonomous risk management strategies through collective action groups, co-operatives or producers’ groups. Such groups enhance market opportunities for small-scale producers, reduce marketing costs and synchronise buying and selling with seasonal price conditions. According to Murphy, ‘collective action offers an important way for farmers to strengthen their political and economic bargaining power, and to reduce their business risks.’ One commentator, Giel Ton, warned that collective action does not come as a free good. It takes time, effort and money to organise, build trust and to experiment. Others, like Marcel Vernooij and Marcel Beukeboom, suggested that in order to ‘apply what we already know’, all stakeholders, including business, government, scientists and civil society, must work together, starting at the beginning of the value chain.I Some participants explained that market price volatility is often worsened by the presence of intermediary purchasers who, taking advantage of farmers’ vulnerability, dictate prices. One commentator suggested farmers can gain greater control over prices and minimise price volatility by selling directly to consumers. Similarly, Sonali Bisht, founder and advisor to the Institute of HimalayanEnvironmental Research and Education (INHERE), India, wrote thatcommunity-supported agriculture, where consumers invest in local farmers by subscription and guarantee producers a fair price, is a risk-sharing model worth more attention. Direct food distribution systems not only encourage small-scale agriculture but also give consumers more control over the food they consume, she wrote.List of PeopleA Kanayo F. NwanzeB Sophia MurphyC Shenggen FanD Rokeya KabirE Pat MooneyF Giel TonG Sonali BishtQuestions 10 and 11Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 10 and 11 on your answer sheet.Which TWO problems are mentioned which affect farmers with small farms in developing countries?A lack of demand for locally produced foodB lack of irrigation programmesC being unable to get insuranceD the effects of changing weather patternsE having to sell their goods to intermediary buyersQuestions 12 and 13Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.Which TWO actions are recommended for improving conditions for farmers?A reducing the size of food stocksB attempting to ensure that prices rise at certain times of the yearC organising co-operation between a wide range of interested partiesD encouraging consumers to take a financial stake in farmingE making customers aware of the reasons for changing food prices雅思剑12答案解析Test6阅读Passage1Test 6 Passage 1Question 1答案：A。
雅思阅读模拟试题及参考答案
雅思阅读模拟试题及参考答案雅思阅读模拟试题 Section 1Passage 1: 旅游业的兴起阅读以下段落，回答问题。
旅游业已成为全球最大的产业之一。
每年有数亿人次的国际旅行，产生了数百万个工作岗位，并为国家经济做出了巨大贡献。
随着人们生活水平的提高和交通工具的发展，旅游业仍在不断增长。
然而，旅游业的发展也带来了一些问题，如环境污染、文化冲突和生态破坏。
Question 1: 旅游业的全球影响是什么？{content}Question 2: 旅游业发展最快的因素是什么？{content}Passage 2: 保护野生动物阅读以下段落，回答问题。
保护野生动物已成为全球关注的焦点。
然而，许多野生动物正面临生存威胁，如非法狩猎、栖息地丧失和气候变化。
为了保护这些动物，各国政府和国际组织已经采取了一系列措施，如设立自然保护区、加强法律法规和提高公众意识。
Question 3: 为什么保护野生动物变得重要？{content}Question 4: 保护野生动物采取了哪些措施？{content}雅思阅读模拟试题 Section 2Passage 1: 太阳能的未来阅读以下段落，回答问题。
太阳能是一种清洁、可再生的能源，有巨大的潜力。
随着技术的进步，太阳能电池的效率不断提高，成本也在逐渐降低。
许多国家已经开始建设太阳能发电站，以减少对化石燃料的依赖并应对气候变化。
预计未来太阳能将成为全球主要的能源来源之一。
Question 5: 太阳能的优势是什么？{content}Question 6: 为什么太阳能电池的效率不断提高？{content}Passage 2: 数字鸿沟阅读以下段落，回答问题。
数字鸿沟是指信息技术在不同群体之间的差距。
这种差距可能源于经济、教育和地理等因素。
数字鸿沟可能导致社会不平等，限制人们的发展机会。
为了解决这一问题，政府和社会组织正在努力提供更多的信息技术培训和教育，以提高人们的数字素养。
雅思阅读预测真题库6参考答案
T-Rex HunterTRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN//TRUE/NOTGIVEN/TRUE/FALSEshin bone/slow walker/cheetah/run fast/blunt/crushThe British Bitternii/v/viii/i/vi/iii/iv1950s/shy/starvation/fish/otter/BTravel AccountsPersian wars/allies/geographical knowledge/pilgrimage/Buddhist teachers/colonies/principles/wealthyD/B/A/C/D/DTasmanian Tiger Extinction Is Forever?striped coat/Australia/4000 years/Tasmania/European(settlers)/captivity E/F/A/D/B/A/C/DThe Ant and the MandarinE/G/C/D/B/TRUE/FALSE/FALSE/TRUE/TRUE/NOTGIVEN/TRUE/NOT GIVENAsian Space--Satellite Technologyiv/vii/iii/x/ii/ixB/D/AFALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/FALSEThomas Harriot --The Discovery of Refractionx/v/ix/iii/viimagnification/a prism(prisms)/language/ship design/rainbow refraction(refraction in rainbow)D/B/E/ASmell and Memory-Smells Like YesterdayA/B/A/C/C/D/B/C/Ccreate a story/brain scans/olfactory cortex/spiceFlight from RealityNavigation and communications/radiation/antennae/smokeC/D/B/E/ATRUE/TRUE/NOT GIVEN/TRUEWhat Are You Laughing at?D/B/A/C/B/A/H/F/I/DFALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUESongs of StonesNOT GIVEN/TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/TRUE/TRUE Stonemason/Gian Giorgio Trissino/Inigo Jones/Temple(architecture)/Quattro Libri dell’Architettura/benevolent calmFather of Modern Managementv/iii/ix/i/viii/iiNOT GIVEN/TRUE/TRUE/FALSEAE/BD----------------------------------------------------98 The Innovation of Grocery StoresD/A/F/C/Eclerk/lobby/galleries/stockroom/customers/shoppersC/B/CCoral ReefsA/C/A/D/E/DTRUE/TRUE/NOT GIVEN/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/NOT GIVENBCharles Darwin’s Theory and Frinchesdrought/large seeds/heavy rains/small seeds/wetter weather/smaller bills/medium-sized bills/riceFALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/FALSE/TRUEThe Secrets of PersuasionNOT GIVEN/TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVENB/B/B/A/G/D/F/B/IThe Culture of ChimpanzceH /J /I /K/G(Inthe) 1960s /Tanzania /(close) observation/observers /(A) culture origin NOT GIVEN /TURE /TURE /FALSE /FALSEExtinct Giant Deer Survied Ice AgeThe Mozart EffectD/G/B/A/Fshort/complex/ratsTRUE/FALSE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUEElephant Communicationhammer/body/toe/Pad/Cavities/trunks and feet/infrasonic/ecology/seimic messages/acoustic communication/mate/ground/A/B。
雅思试卷真题和答案解析PDF
雅思试卷真题和答案解析PDF一、听力部分1. 题目：一段关于旅游的对话答案解析：此题主要考察考生对日常对话的理解能力。
考生需要仔细听对话内容，理解对话双方讨论的主题，并回答相关问题。
在听对话时，注意抓住关键词和关键信息，以便在答题时能够快速准确地找到答案。
2. 题目：一段关于历史的讲座答案解析：此题主要考察考生对学术讲座的理解能力。
考生需要仔细听讲座内容，理解讲座的主题和主要观点，并回答相关问题。
在听讲座时，注意抓住讲座的结构和逻辑，以便在答题时能够快速准确地找到答案。
3. 题目：一段关于科学的访谈答案解析：此题主要考察考生对访谈节目的理解能力。
考生需要仔细听访谈内容，理解访谈的主题和主要观点，并回答相关问题。
在听访谈时，注意抓住访谈的结构和逻辑，以便在答题时能够快速准确地找到答案。
二、阅读部分1. 题目：一篇关于环境保护的文章答案解析：此题主要考察考生对学术文章的理解能力。
考生需要仔细阅读文章内容，理解文章的主题和主要观点，并回答相关问题。
在阅读文章时，注意抓住文章的结构和逻辑，以便在答题时能够快速准确地找到答案。
2. 题目：一篇关于文化的文章答案解析：此题主要考察考生对文化类文章的理解能力。
考生需要仔细阅读文章内容，理解文章的主题和主要观点，并回答相关问题。
在阅读文章时，注意抓住文章的结构和逻辑，以便在答题时能够快速准确地找到答案。
3. 题目：一篇关于教育的文章答案解析：此题主要考察考生对教育类文章的理解能力。
考生需要仔细阅读文章内容，理解文章的主题和主要观点，并回答相关问题。
在阅读文章时，注意抓住文章的结构和逻辑，以便在答题时能够快速准确地找到答案。
三、写作部分1. 题目：写一篇关于你最喜欢的运动的文章答案解析：此题主要考察考生的写作能力。
考生需要根据题目要求，写一篇关于自己最喜欢的运动的文章。
在写作时，注意抓住文章的主题和结构，以便在答题时能够快速准确地完成文章。
2. 题目：写一篇关于你最喜欢的电影的文章答案解析：此题主要考察考生的写作能力。
剑桥雅思阅读6（test3）原文翻译答案
剑桥雅思阅读6(test3)原文翻译答案雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。
下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读6test6原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。
剑桥雅思阅读6原文(test3)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.A The Lumiere Brothers opened their Cinematographe, at 14 Boulevard des Capucines in Paris, to 100 paying customers over 100 years ago, on December 8, 1895. Before the eyes of the stunned, thrilled audience, photographs came to life and moved across a flat screen.B So ordinary and routine has this become to us that it takes a determined leap of the imagination to grasp the impact of those first moving images. But it is worth trying, for to understand the initial shock of those images is to understand the extraordinary power and magic of cinema, the unique, hypnotic quality that has made film the most dynamic, effective art form of the 20th century.C One of the Lumiere Brothers’ earliest films was a 30-second piece which showed a section of a railway platform flooded with sunshine. A train appears and heads straight for the camera. And that is all that happens. Yet the Russian director Andrei Tarkovsky, one of the greatest of all film artists, described the film as a ‘work of genius’. ‘As the train approached,’ wrote Tarkovsky, ‘panic started in the theatre: people jumped and ran away. That was the moment when cinema was born. The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching amere picture. Pictures were still, only reality moved; this must, therefore, be reality. In their confusion, they feared that a real train was about to crush them.’D Early cinema audiences often experienced the same confusion. In time, the idea of film became familiar, the magic was accepted — but it never stopped being magic. Film has never lost its unique power to embrace its audiences and transport them to a different world. For Tarkovsky, the key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamic image of the real flow of events. A still picture could only imply the existence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader. But in cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured.E One effect of this realism was to educate the world about itself. For cinema makes the world smaller. Long before people travelled to America or anywhere else, they knew what other places looked like; they knew how other people worked and lived. Overwhelmingly, the lives recorded — at least in film fiction —have been American. From the earliest days of the industry, Hollywood has dominated the world film market. American imagery —the cars, the cities, the cowboys —became the primary imagery of film. Film carried American life and values around the globe.F And, thanks to film, future generations will know the 20th century more intimately than any other period. We can only imagine what life was like in the 14th century or in classical Greece. But the life of the modern world has been recorded on film in massive, encyclopedic detail. We shall be known better than any preceding generations.G The ‘star’ was another natural consequence of cinema. The cinema star was effectively born in 1910. Film personalitieshave such an immediate presence that, inevitably, they become super-real. Because we watch them so closely and because everybody in the world seems to know who they are, they appear more real to us than we do ourselves. The star as magnified human self is one of cinema’s most strange and enduring legacies.H Cinema has also given a new lease of life to the idea of the story. When the Lumiere Brothers and other pioneers began showing off this new invention, it was by no means obvious how it would be used. All that mattered at first was the wonder of movement. Indeed, some said that, once this novelty had worn off, cinema would fade away. It was no more than a passing gimmick, a fairground attraction.I Cinema might, for example, have become primarily a documentary form. Or it might have developed like television —as a strange, noisy transfer of music, information and narrative. But what happened was that it became, overwhelmingly, a medium for telling stories. Originally these were conceived as short stories — early producers doubted the ability of audiences to concentrate for more than the length of a reel. Then, in 1912, an Italian 2-hour film was hugely successful, and Hollywood settled upon the novel-length narrative that remains the dominant cinematic convention of today.J And it has all happened so quickly. Almost unbelievably, it is a mere 100 years since that train arrived and the audience screamed and fled, convinced by the dangerous reality of what they saw, and, perhaps, suddenly aware that the world could never be the same again —that, maybe, it could be better, brighter, more astonishing, more real than reality.Questions 1-5Reading Passage 1 has ten paragraphs, A-J.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.1 the location of the first cinema2 how cinema came to focus on stories3 the speed with which cinema has changed4 how cinema teaches us about other cultures5 the attraction of actors in filmsQuestions 6-9Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this6 It is important to understand how the first audiences reacted to the cinema.7 The Lumiere Brothers’ film about the train was one of the greatest films ever made.8 Cinema presents a biased view of other countries.9 Storylines were important in very early cinema.Questions 10-13Choose the correct letter, A B, C to D.Write the correct letter in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.10 The writer refers to the film of the train in order to demonstrateA the simplicity of early films.B the impact of early films.C how short early films were.D how imaginative early films were.11 In Tarkovsky’s opinion, the attraction of the cinema is that itA aims to impress its audience.B tells stories better than books.C illustrates the passing of time.D describes familiar events.12 When cinema first began, people thought thatA it would always tell stories.B it should be used in fairgrounds.C its audiences were unappreciative.D its future was uncertain.13 What is the best title for this passage?A The rise of the cinema starB Cinema and novels comparedC The domination of HollywoodD The power of the big screenREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-18Reading Passage 2 contains six Key Points.Choose the correct heading for Key Points TWO to SIX from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Ensure the reward system is fairii Match rewards to individualsiii Ensure targets are realisticiv Link rewards to achievementv Encourage managers to take more responsibilityvi Recognise changes in employees’ performance over time vii Establish targets and give feedbackviii Ensure employees are suited to their jobsExample AnswerKey Point One Viii14 Key Point Two15 Key Point Three16 Key Point Four17 Key Point Five18 Key Point SixMotivating Employees underAdverse ConditionsTHE CHALLENGEIt is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organisation than a declining one. When organisations are expanding and adding personnel, promotional opportunities, pay rises, and the excitement of being associated with a dynamic organisation create feelings of optimism. Management is able to use the growth to entice and encourage employees. When an organisation is shrinking, the best and most mobile workers are prone to leave voluntarily. Unfortunately, they are the ones the organisation can least afford to lose — those with the highest skills and experience. The minor employees remain because their job options are limited.Morale also suffers during decline. People fear they may be the next to be made redundant. Productivity often suffers, as employees spend their time sharing rumours and providing oneanother with moral support rather than focusing on their jobs. For those whose jobs are secure, pay increases are rarely possible. Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed. The challenge to management is how to motivate employees under such retrenchment conditions. The ways of meeting this challenge can be broadly divided into six Key Points, which are outlined below.KEY POINT ONEThere is an abundance of evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefully matching people to jobs. For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business, high achievers should be sought. However, if the job to be filled is a managerial post in a large bureaucratic organisation, a candidate who has a high need for power and a low need for affiliation should be selected. Accordingly, high achievers should not be put into jobs that are inconsistent with their needs. High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goals and where there is independence and feedback. However, it should be remembered that not everybody is motivated by jobs that are high in independence, variety and responsibility.KEY POINT TWOThe literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals. For those with high achievement needs, typically a minority in any organisation, the existence of external goals is less important because high achievers are already internally motivated. The next factor to be determined is whether the goals should be assigned by a manager or collectively set in conjunction with theemployees. The answer to that depends on perceptions of goal acceptance and the organisation’s culture. If resistance to goals is expected, the use of participation in goal-setting should increase acceptance. If participation is inconsistent with the culture, however, goals should be assigned. If participation and the culture are incongruous, employees are likely to perceive the participation process as manipulative and be negatively affected by it.KEY POINT THREERegardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management’s perceptions of the employee’s ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort. Managers must be sure, therefore, that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals. For managers, this means that employees must have the capability of doing the job and must regard the appraisal process as valid.KEY POINT FOURSince employees have different needs, what acts as a reinforcement for one may not for another. Managers could use their knowledge of each employee to personalise the rewards over which they have control. Some of the more obvious rewards that managers allocate include pay, promotions, autonomy, job scope and depth, and the opportunity to participate in goal-setting and decision-making.KEY POINT FIVEManagers need to make rewards contingent on performance. To reward factors other than performance will only reinforce those other factors. Key rewards such as pay increases and promotions or advancements should be allocated for the attainment of the employee’s specific goals. Consistent withmaximising the impact of rewards, managers should look for ways to increase their visibility. Eliminating the secrecy surrounding pay by openly communicating everyone’s remuneration, publicising performance bonuses and allocating annual salary increases in a lump sum rather than spreading them out over an entire year are examples of actions that will make rewards more visible and potentially more motivating.KEY POINT SIXThe way rewards are distributed should be transparent so that employees perceive that rewards or outcomes are equitable and equal to the inputs given. On a simplistic level, experience, abilities, effort and other obvious inputs should explain differences in pay, responsibility and other obvious outcomes. The problem, however, is complicated by the existence of dozens of inputs and outcomes and by the fact that employee groups place different degrees of importance on them. For instance, a study comparing clerical and production workers identified nearly twenty inputs and outcomes. The clerical workers considered factors such as quality of work performed and job knowledge near the top of their list, but these were at the bottom of the production workers’ list. Similarly, production workers thought that the most important inputs were intelligence and personal involvement with task accomplishment, two factors that were quite low in the importance ratings of the clerks. There were also important, though less dramatic, differences on the outcome side. For example, production workers rated advancement very highly, whereas clerical workers rated advancement in the lower third of their list. Such findings suggest that one person’s equity is another’s inequity, so an ideal should probably weigh different inputs and outcomes according to employee group.Questions 19-24Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 27?In boxes 19-24 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this19 A shrinking organization tends to lose its less skilled employees rather than its more skilled employees.20 It is easier to manage a small business than a large business.21 High achievers are well suited to team work.22 Some employees can feel manipulated when asked to participate in goal-setting.23 The staff appraisal process should be designed by employees.24 Employees’ earnings should be disclosed to everyone within the organization.Questions 25-27Look at the following groups of workers (Questions 25-27) and the list of descriptions below.Match each group with the correct description, A-E.Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 25-27 on your answer sheet.25 high achievers26 clerical workers27 production workersList of DescriptionsA They judge promotion to be important.B They have less need of external goals.C They think that the quality of their work is important.D They resist goals which are imposed.E They have limited job options.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The Search for the Anti-aging PillIn government laboratories and elsewhere, scientists are seeking a drug able to prolong life and youthful vigor. Studies of caloric restriction are showing the wayAs researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging — the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we grow older. But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie_et nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad range of animals, increasing longevity and prolonging good health. Those findings suggest that caloric restriction could delay aging and increase longevity in humans, too.Unfortunately, for maximum benefit, people would probably have to reduce their caloric intake by roughly thirty per cent, equivalent to dropping from 2,500 calories a day to 1,750. Few mortals could stick to that harsh a regimen, especially for years on end. But what if someone could create a pill that mimicked the physiological effects of eating less without actually forcing people to eat less? Could such a ‘caloric-restriction mimetic’, as we call it, enable people to stay healthy longer, postponing age-related disorders (such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, heart disease and cancer) until very late in life? Scientists first posedthis question in the mid-1990s, after researchers came upon a chemical agent that in rodents seemed to reproduce many of caloric restriction’s benefits. No compound that would safely achieve the same feat in people has been found yet, but the search has been informative and has fanned hope that caloric-restriction (CR) mimetics can indeed be developed eventually.The benefits of caloric restrictionThe hunt for CR mimetics grew out of a desire to better understand caloric restriction’s many effects on the body. Scientists first recognized the value of the practice more than 60 years ago, when they found that rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on average than free-feeding rats and also had a reduced incidence of conditions that become increasingly common in old age. What is more, some of the treated animals survived longer than the oldest-living animals in the control group, which means that the maximum lifespan (the oldest attainable age), not merely the normal lifespan, increased. Various interventions, such as infection-fighting drugs, can increase a population’s ave rage survival time, but only approaches that slow the body’s rate of aging will increase the maximum lifespan.The rat findings have been replicated many times and extended to creatures ranging from yeast to fruit flies, worms, fish, spiders, mice and hamsters. Until fairly recently, the studies were limited to short-lived creatures genetically distant from humans. But caloric-restriction projects underway in two species more closely related to humans — rhesus and squirrel monkeys — have made scientists optimistic that CR mimetics could help people.calorie: a measure of the energy value of foodThe monkey projects demonstrate that, compared withcontrol animals that eat normally, caloric-restricted monkeys have lower body temperatures and levels of the pancreatic hormone insulin, and they retain more youthful levels of certain hormones that tend to fall with age.The caloric-restricted animals also look better on indicators of risk for age-related diseases. For example, they have lower blood pressure and triglyceride levels (signifying a decreased likelihood of heart disease), and they have more normal blood glucose levels (pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked by unusually high blood glucose levels). Further, it has recently been shown that rhesus monkeys kept on caloric-restricted diets for an extended time (nearly 15 years) have less chronic disease. They and the other monkeys must be followed still longer, however, to know whether low-calorie intake can increase both average and maximum life spans in monkeys. Unlike the multitude of elixirs being touted as the latest anti-aging cure, CR mimetics would alter fundamental processes that underlie aging. We aim to develop compounds that fool cells into activating maintenance and repair.How a prototype caloric-restriction mimetic worksThe best-studied candidate for a caloric-restriction mimetic, 2DG (2-deoxy-D-glucose), works by interfering with the way cells process glucose. It has proved toxic at some doses in animals and so cannot be used in humans. But it has demonstrated that chemicals can replicate the effects of caloric restriction; the trick is finding the right one.Cells use the glucose from food to generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the molecule that powers many activities in the body. By limiting food intake, caloric restriction minimizes the amount of glucose entering cells and decreases ATP generation.When 2DG is administered to animals that eat normally, glucose reaches cells in abundance but the drug prevents most of it from being processed and thus reduces ATP synthesis. Researchers have proposed several explanations for why interruption of glucose processing and ATP production might retard aging. One possibility relates to the ATP-making machinery’s emission of free radicals, which are thought to contribute to aging and to such age-related diseases as cancer by damaging cells. Reduced operation of the machinery should limit their production and thereby constrain the damage. Another hypothesis suggests that decreased processing of glucose could indicate to cells that food is scarce (even if it isn’t) and induce them to shift into an anti-aging mode that emphasizes preservation of the organism over such ‘luxuries’ as growth and reproduction.Questions 28-32Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this28 Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old.29 There is scientific evidence that eating fewer calories may extend human life.30 Not many people are likely to find a caloric-restricted diet attractive.31 Diet-related diseases are common in older people.32 In experiments, rats who ate what they wanted led shorterliver than rats on a low-calorie diet.Questions 33-37Classify the following descriptions as relating toA caloric-restricted monkeysB control monkeysC neither caloric-restricted monkeys nor control monkeysWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.33 Monkeys were less likely to become diabetic.34 Monkeys experienced more chronic disease.35 Monkeys have been shown to experience a longer than average life span.36 Monkeys enjoyed a reduced chance of heart disease.37 Monkeys produced greater quantities of insulin.Questions 38-40Complete the flow-chart below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.How a caloric-restriction mimetic worksCR mimeticLess 38..............is processedProduction of ATP is decreasedTheory 1: Theory 2:Cells less damaged by disease because Cells focus on 40..............becausefewer 39..............are emitted food is in short supply剑桥雅思阅读6原文参考译文(test3)PASSAGE 1 参考译文：A The Lumiere Brothers opened their Cinematographe, at 14Boulevard des Capucines in Paris, to 100 paying customers over 100 years ago, on December 8, 1895. Before the eyes of the stunned, thrilled audience, photographs came to life and moved across a flat screen.A 一百多年前，在1895年12月8日，吕米埃兄弟在巴黎嘉布欣大道14号向100名买票人场的观众放映了他们制作的电影。