英语语法动词的时态和语态

英语语法动词的时态和语态
动词的时态和语态
动词时态和用法是英语考试中的重点内容。

以“do”为例，下面是常用的动词时态和用法：
一、一般现在时
一般现在时用于表示经常发生、惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。

二、一般将来时
一般将来时用于主句是一般将来时，时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。

例如：
I’ll go there after I XXX.
If it rains tomorrow。

I won’t go there.
三、现在进行时
现在进行时用于表示正在进行的动作，或按计划安排即将发生的动作，或代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。

例如：
XXX.
XXX.
XXX to see me this Saturday.
四、过去进行时
过去进行时用于表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，或动作在另一过去动作发生时进行，或用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生，或表示过去将来动作。

例如：
He was XXX.
They were still working when I left.
I was writing while he was watching TV.
He said she was arriving the next day.
五、现在完成时
现在完成时用于表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话时已完成的动作。

过去的某个时间。

I had been XXX.
She had been living in New York for five years before she moved to Los Angeles.
3.表示过去某个时间本应该发生的动作或状态，但实际上
未发生。

I had planned to go to the concert。

but I got sick and couldn't go.
He had hoped to get the job。

but someone else was hired instead.
4.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态对现在产生的影响。

I had XXX。

XXX.
She had lost her phone。

so she couldn't call her friend to make plans.
At the age of ten。

he had already XXX of 500 English words。

We learned about his illness after he had been sick for a week.
The past perfect tense is commonly used with verbs like hope。

expect。

think。

intend。

want。

and suppose to express unrealized hopes。

plans。

or ns。

For example。

we had expected that you would win the match.
XXX perfect XXX is used to express an n that will be XXX point in the future。

It is often used with time ns like by。

when。

or before。

For instance。

we will have finished r Book 2 by the end of this term.
The present perfect continuous XXX is used to express an n that XXX up to the present。

For example。

he has been working on the math problems since 8:00.
XXX is used to express an n that started in the past and continued up until another past point in time。

with the XXX it XXX
XXX simple XXX is used to express an n or state of being that will happen in the future。

For instance。

he told me he would go to Beijing.
XXX with "would" is used to XXX。

For example。

he would XXX.
parison of Special ns for the Simple Future XXX:
The present continuous tense can be used to describe a XXX led。

using verbs like go。

come。

start。

move。

leave。

arrive。

etc。

For example。

he is moving to the south.
A。

wrote。

finishedB。

had written。

finished
C。

wrote。

has XXX。

had finished
说明：句子中有时间状语last year，因此用一般过
去时，而第二个空需要用完成时表示过去的动作对
现在的影响。

Passive voice is a common grammatical structure used in English writing。

It is often used to emphasize the n being done to the subject of the sentence。

rather than the subject doing the n。

One common XXX voice is: subject (receiver of the n) + be + past participle + (by + doer of the n)。

For example。

"The book was written by Jane."
Another structure is: subject + get + past XXX。

For example。

"The boy got drowned last summer." This structure cannot include "by + doer of the n."
When a sentence with a direct and indirect object is changed
to passive voice。

the subject can be either the direct or indirect object。

For example。

"She lent me a bike" can e "I was lent a
bike (by her)" or "A bike was lent to me (by her)."
Modal verbs can also be used in passive voice。

such as "This problem must be worked out in half an hour."
Double passive voice can also be used。

where the subject is the receiver of the n in both the main verb and the infinitive。

For example。

"These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room."
In some cases。

active voice can be used to convey a passive meaning。

such as with XXX describe the subject's quality or state。

For example。

"This knife cuts well" or "The XXX."。